*COMMENT ~ Character notes.

*CHARACTER NOTES
#2. An annual is a plant whose life cycle is completed in less
  that a year. All subsequent plants arise from seed. \par{}A herbaceous
  resprouter is one where the above-ground portion of the plant dies each year,
  but the root or rhizome is persistent. It is leafy for only 3-6 months of the
  year. \par{}Rhizomatous perennial plants can be recognised in the field by the
  occurrence of colonies of seemingly separate solanum plants growing in close
  proximity.
#4. A few species have conspicuously furrowed, corky bark on the larger stems.
  This feature is often visible on the largest branchlets of herbarium
  specimens.
#5. Adult stems = aerial framework of the plant i.e. trunk and branches, but
  excluding the terminal 20-30cm of branchlets.
#6. Ridged stems are ideally assessed by the naked eye from fresh material.
  Obscure ridging on dried material is not considered ridged.
#8. Branchlets implies the terminal 20-30cm of the stem, i.e. that part usually
  preserved on a herbarium sheet.
#9. This character applies only to adult plants. On young adult plants, the
  measurement should be made beyond (or \i{}distally\i0{} from) the first
  inflorescence. 1 decimetre = 10 centimetres.
#10. Broad-based prickles are 1-7 times longer than they are wide; acicular
  prickles are 7-20 times longer than wide.
#15. Measure this about 10-20 cm from growing point. Type 2 hairs are very short
  trichomes (<0.1 mm long) occurring widely in Solanaceae, normally with one
  stalk cell, and a transparent multicellular glandular head.
#16. Sparse to moderate - stellae not overlapping. \par{}Dense - stellae
  overlapping but branchlet surface not obscured. \par{}Very dense - stellae
  very closely packed, obscuring branchlet surface.
#20. Porrect - lateral rays all +/- in one plane, usually at right angles to the
  central ray. \par{}Ascending - lateral rays all at an angle of 30-60 degrees
  from the central ray. \par{}Multiradiate - lateral rays projecting at various
  angles, some ascending, some descending, central ray not distinguishable.
  \par{}Echinate - lateral rays very numerous, more densely clustered than
  multiradiate.
#25. Simple hairs are uniseriate and multicellular, usually 0.5-5 mm long.
#28. Type 2 hairs are very short trichomes (<0.1 mm long) occurring widely in
  Solanaceae, normally with one stalk cell, and a transparent multicellular
  glandular head.
#30. On oblique leaves, the lamina length is measured on the longer side
#31. For deeply lobed leaves, measure the maximum width at right angles to the
  midrib. \par{}For hastate leaves, measure the width halfway along the leaf.
#32. On oblique leaves, the lamina length is measured on the longer side.
  \par{}For deeply lobed leaves, measure the maximum width at right angles to
  the midrib. \par{}For hastate leaves, measure the width halfway along the
  leaf.
#33. Measure the ratio about halfway along the leaf.
#36. Measure the ratio about halfway along the leaf.
#44. A winged petiole is one where a narrow strip of green lamina tissue extends
  along the length of the petiole.
#46. Small stipule-like leaves occurring in the leaf axils of some species
#50. Broad-based prickles are 1-7 times longer than they are wide; acicular
  prickles are 7-20 times longer than wide.
#53. protostellae are stellate hairs that have not reached their optimum
  development. These protostellae are smaller in size than ordinary stellae,
  have fewer lateral rays, and are interspersed with the ordinary stellae
#54. Very sparse = stellae >2 diameters apart. \par{}Sparse = 1-2 diameters
  apart. \par{}1 diameter apart = just touching. \par{}Moderate = 0.5-1
  diameters apart. \par{}Dense = 0.1-0.5 diameters apart. \par{}Very dense =
  hairs in several layers, obscuring surface.
#66. Type 2 hairs are very short trichomes (<0.1 mm long) occurring widely in
  Solanaceae, normally with one stalk cell, and a transparent multicellular
  glandular head.
#71. Broad-based prickles are 1-7 times longer than they are wide; acicular
  prickles are 7-20 times longer than wide.
#72. Very sparse = stellae >2 diameters apart. \par{}Sparse = 1-2 diameters
  apart. \par{}1 diameter apart = just touching. \par{}Moderate = 0.5-1
  diameters apart. \par{}Dense = 0.1-0.5 diameters apart. \par{}Very dense =
  hairs in several layers, obscuring surface.
#85. Type 2 hairs are very short trichomes (<0.1 mm long) occurring widely in
  Solanaceae, normally with one stalk cell, and a transparent multicellular
  glandular head.
#88. solitary - one flower/fruit only\par{}sessile (contracted) - 2 or more
  flowers/fruits arising from the stem, peduncle absent or
  rudimentary\par{}cymose (pseudo-racemose) - an unbranched inflorescence with a
  rachis. The basal flower/fruit may be pedunculate or not.\par{}umbellate - 2
  to 10 flowers/fruits arising from the same point, peduncle well
  developed\par{}almost umbellate but 1-2 fls/frt separate - as above but 1-2
  flowers/fruits more proximal than the rest, peduncle well
  developed\par{}2-branched, each branch terminated by an umbel - sometimes
  called a forked umbel, peduncle well developed
#90. This is the distance along the rachis, from the basal flower to the
  subtending branchlet. The basal flower often aborts, so look for scars on the
  pedicel.
#93. An andromonoecious inflorescence comprises a mixture of bisexual flowers
  and functionally male flowers (where the style is very short and
  non-functional). \par{}Strongly andromonoecious means a high proportion of
  male flowers. \par{}Weakly andromonoecious means a low proportion of male
  flowers. \par{}In dioecious species, inflorescences comprise either a single
  bisexual flower (on female plants), or numerous male flowers (on male
  plants).
#94. Most Solanum spp have 5 calyx lobes, 5 corolla lobes and five anthers. Most
  5-merous species can occasionally have a 4-merous or 6-merous flower, but
  these are not coded as 4-merous. A minority of species are consistently or
  frequently 4-merous.
#95. Floral dimorphism is usually associated with the sex of the flowers.
  Bisexual flowers (borne basally) are often larger and have a more prickly
  calyx than male flowers (distal on the inflorescence).
#108. Look closely for prickles; they may be as short as 1mm.
#111. Very sparse = stellae >2 diameters apart. \par{}Sparse = 1-2 diameters
  apart. \par{}1 diameter apart = just touching. \par{}Moderate = 0.5-1
  diameters apart. \par{}Dense = 0.1-0.5 diameters apart. \par{}Very dense =
  hairs in several layers, obscuring surface.
#121. the length includes the fused tubular section at the base; this
  measurement is often markedly different to a "radius" measurement across the
  top of an open flower
#125. Hairs usually near the tips of the lobes.
#127. from the base of the anther to the point of attachment
#129. \b{}Type 2 hairs\b0{} are very short trichomes (<0.1 mm long) occurring in
  Solanaceae, normally with one stalk cell, and a transparent multicellular
  glandular head.
#130. Some Solanum species have short non-functional styles (male flowers) and
  longer functional styles (bisexual flowers). The functional styles may be
  easily recognised as they are longer than the anthers and protrude beyond the
  anthers.
#144. This is the diameter in the living state, not when pressed and squashed;
  however you can estimate the intact diameter from a squashed fruit.
#145. To use this character, you must be confident that the fruits are mature.
  You can infer this by their ease of detachment from the plant, presence of
  fallen fruit around the plant, or the noticeable softening.
#157. Stone-like sclerotic granules may be present in the fruits of some
  species. They typically occur just below the epidermis, and number between 2
  and 8, though in a few species, they outnumber the seeds. These granules are
  usually spherical and can reach up to 1.5 mm diameter.
#159. Map from
  https://www.anbg.gov.au/cpbr/anhsir/anhsir-manual/botanical-districts.html.
#160. Map from
  https://www.anbg.gov.au/cpbr/anhsir/anhsir-manual/botanical-districts.html.
#162. Both states are recorded for plants that are native to some states and
  naturalized in others.
#170. A plant is said to have a juvenile stage if the stems and/or leaves below
  the first inflorescence are different from those above.
#172. Measure the ratio about halfway along the leaf.

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