*COMMENT Taxon images for HTML descriptions.
*TAXON IMAGES
# Araucariaceae/
arau0121.jpg <@subject Auraucaria heterophylla, habit> 
<@text x=877 y=10 
t=\i{}Araucaria heterophylla\i0{} at Albany, 
Western Australia. The characteristic, 
symmetrical habit is exemplified by the young 
trees, and also by a tall specimen silhouetted 
on the horizon. Note the evidence of precise 
self pruning, belying the traditional 
description of \i{}Araucariaceae\i0{} as 
possessing only shoots of unlimited growth. 
Photo by L.W., 2006> 
arau0122.jpg <@subject Araucaria heterophylla, female cone details: Watson (2006)> 
<@text x=9 y=15 
t=\i{}Araucaria heterophylla\i0{}. A mature 
female cone in process of disintegrating (left); 
separated cone scales (right). Each winged cone 
scale represents consolidation of a one-ovuled 
ovuliferous scale and its subtending bract. 
Photo by L.W., 2006> 
spor033.gif <@subject Agathis and Araucaria: technical details (Sporne)>
flori52.gif <@subject Cone-scale interpretations of Araucaria spp. 
(Florin)>
agathi01.jpg <@subject Agathis australis, photo:  Zoya Akulova> 
agathi01.gif <@subject Agathis australis: Cheeseman et al., Ill. of N.Z. 
      Flora (1914)>
djak0301.gif <@subject Agathis australis, Araucaria bidwillii, Araucaria
heterophylla (Dallimore and Jackson)> 
<@text x=914 y=20 
t=ARAUCARIACEAE. \i{}Araucaria excelsa\i0{} 
R.Br. (Norfolk Island Pine) = \i{}Araucaria 
heterophylla\i0{} (Salisb.) Franco> 
flori011.gif <@subject Leaf epidermis: Agathis alba (Florin)> 
<@text x=29 y=30 
t=ARAUCARIACEAE. Abaxial leaf epidermis of 
\i{}Agathis alba\i0{}, showing stomatal 
configuration. From Florin (1931 and 1951).> 
fprb014.jpg <@subject Wood anatomy: Agathis vitiensis> 
<@text x=854 y=46 
t=ARAUCARIACEAE, wood. \i{}Agathis 
vitiensis\i0{}, RLS showing tracheids with 
alternately arranged bordered pits (Phillips 
1948).> 
 
# Cephalotaxaceae/ 
djak0031.gif <@subject Cephalotaxus harringtonia var. drupacea and 
Cephalotaxus fortunei (Dallimore and Jackson)> 
<@text x=21 y=21 
t=CEPHALOTAXACEAE. \i{}Cephalotaxus 
drupacea\i0{} Sieb. & Zucc. = \i{}Cephalotaxus 
harringtonia\i0{} (Knight & Forbes) K. Koch> 
flori611.gif <@subject Cephalotaxus fortunei and harrintonii: female 
shoot and cone details (various sources)> 
<@text x=13 y=20 
t=CEPHALOTAXACEAE. 1-2 and 4-5, \i{}Cephalotaxus 
harringtonia\i0{}. 1, mature female shoot with 
seed-bearing cones; 2, young cone; 4, 
longitudinal section of the young cone, showing 
ovules on vert abbreviated axillary short-shoots 
(only one of each ovule pair is sectioned); 5, 
transverse section, taken immediately below the 
lower ovule depicted in 4. 3, \i{}Cephalotaxus 
fortunei\i0{}: diagram of the whole cone, 
showing pairs of ovules. Compiled from various 
sources, via Florin and Sporne.> 
flori031.gif <@subject Leaf epidermis: Cephalotaxus fortunei (Florin)> 
<@text x=412 y=920 
t=CEPAHOTAXACEAE. Abaxial leaf epidermis of 
\i{}Cephalotaxus fortunei\i0{}, showing stomatal 
configuration. From Florin (1931 and 1951).> 
dicg436.gif <@subject Cephalotaxus drupacea (Chittenden)>
cephtax1.gif <@subject Cephalotaxus oliveri: Le chang zhi wu zhi>
icpl1523.gif <@subject Cephalotaxus mannii: Hook. Ic. Pl. 16 (1886)>
cephalot.jpg <@subject \i{}Cephalotaxus fortunei\i0{}, photos:
 Zoya Akulova> 
 
# Cupressaceae/
icpl1272.gif <@subject Actinostrobus pyramidalis: Hook. Ic. Pl. 13
(1879)> 
astrob01.jpg <@subject Actinostrobus (Callitris) pyramidalis: habit,
female cones> 
<@text x=12 y=17 
t=\i{}Actinostrobus pyramidalis\i0{}. Cranbrook, SW 
Australia, August 2007. Giles Watson.>
chamae01.jpg <@subject \i{}Chamaecyparis nootkatensis\i0{}, photos:  
Zoya Akulova>
djak0361.gif <@subject Chamaecyparis formosensis and Ch. lawsoniana 
(Dallimore and Jackson)> 
djak0391.gif <@subject Chamaecyparis obtusa and Ch. pisifera (Dallimore 
and Jackson)> 
djak0381.gif <@subject Chamaecyparis thyoides and Xanthocyparis 
nootkatensis (Dallimore and Jackson)> 
<@text x=401 y=15 
t=CUPRESSACEAE. \i{}Chamaecyparis 
nootkatensi\i0{}s D. Don = \i{}Xanthocyparis 
nootkatensis\i0{} (D. Don) Farjon et Harder. 
From Dallimore and Jackson.>
cupres01.jpg <@subject \i{}Cupressus arizonica\i0{}, photo:  
Zoya Akulova (2016)>
cupres03.jpg <@subject \i{}Cupressus funebris\i0{}, photos:  
Zoya Akulova>
cupres02.jpg <@subject \i{}Cupressus sempervirens\i0{}, photos:
 Zoya Akulova>
lind228.gif <@subject Cupressus sempervirens (Lindley)> 
<@text x=460 y=944 
t=\i{}Cupressus sempervirens\i0{}. 1, male 
cone-scale (sporophyll), with four abaxial pollen 
sacs. 2, female cone-scale, with eight adaxial, 
erect ovules. 3, mature female cone. 4, cf. 3, 
with a scale removed. From Lindley (1853).> 
spor031.gif <@subject Cephalotacaceae, Cupressaceae, Taxodiaceae: 
technical details (Sporne)> 
dicgcup.gif <@subject Cupressus macrocarpa and C. goveniana
(Chittenden)> 
<@text x=13 y=22 
t=\i{}Cupressus goveniana\i0{} (left), and \i{}C. 
macrocarpa\i0{} (right). From Chittenden (1951).> 
djak0441.gif <@subject Cupressus funebris and Cupressus goveniana 
(Dallimore and Jackson)> 
djak0461.gif <@subject Cupressus lusitanica and Cupressus macrocarpa 
(Dallimore and Jackson)> 
djak0481.gif <@subject Cupressus sempervirens and Cupressus torulosa 
(Dallimore and Jackson)>
fitzro01.jpg <@subject \i{}Fitzroya cupressoides\i0{}, photo: 
Zoya Akulova>
djak050.gif <@subject Fitzroya cupressoides (Dallimore and Jackson)> 
djak051.gif <@subject Fokienia hodginsii (Dallimore and Jackson)> 
djak0531.gif <@subject Juniperus communis and Juniperus oxycedrus 
(Dallimore and Jackson)> 
djak0521.gif <@subject Juniperus chinensis and Juniperus drupacea 
(Dallimore and Jackson)> 
djak0551.gif <@subject Juniperus excelsa and Juniperus phoenicea 
(Dallimore and Jackson)> 
djak0581.gif <@subject Juniperus rigida and Juniperus sabina (Dallimore 
and Jackson)> 
djak0601.gif <@subject Juniperus thurifera and Juniperus virginiana 
(Dallimore and Jackson)> 
djak062.gif <@subject Juniperus wallicheana (Dallimore and Jackson)> 
dicgjun.gif <@subject Juniperus drupacea and J. virginiana (Chittenden)>
<@text x=11 y=939 
t=\i{}Juniperus drupacea\i0{} (left), and \i{}J. 
virginiana\i0{}. From Chittenden (1951).>
thujapli.jpg <@subject \i{}Thuja plicata\i0{}, photos:  Zoya Akulova>
xxviii20.jpg <@subject Thuja orientalis var. filiformis: as T.
filiformis Lindl., 
Bot. Reg. 20 (1842)> 
flori58.gif <@subject Cone-scale interpretations: Callitris, Libocedrus,
Tetraclinis, Thujopsis (Florin)> 
flori60.gif <@subject Cone-scale interpretation: Juniperus communis 
(Florin)> 
calgla01.jpg <@subject Wood anatomy: Callitris glaucophylla> 
<@text x=476 y=45 
t=CUPRESSACEAE, wood. 1: \i{}Callitris 
glaucophylla\i0{}, TS showing indistrinct growth 
rings and rounded tracheid lumina. 8: 
\i{}Callitris glaucophylla\i0{}, RLS showing 
tracheids with thickenings across the pit 
borders. 9: \i{}Callitris glaucophylla\i0{}, TLS 
showing the thickenings across the pit borders 
in sectional view. From Phillips (1948).>
calocedr.jpg <@subject \i{}Calocedrus decurrens\i0{}, photos:
 Zoya Akulova>
platycor.jpg <@subject \i{}Platycladus orientalis\i0{}, photos:
 Zoya Akulova>
platycl1.jpg <@subject \i{}Platycladus orientalis\i0{}, trunk:
 Zoya Akulova> 
fprb22.jpg <@subject Wood anatomy: Calocedrus decurrens> 
<@text x=343 y=37 
t=CUPRESSACEAE, wood. \i{}Calocedrus 
decurrens\i0{}, TLS heartwood showing ray cells 
with dark contents. From Phillips (1948).>
caloce03.jpg <@subject \i{}Calocedrus formosana\i0{}, photo:
 Zoya Akulova> 
cupres01.jpg <@subject Wood anatomy: Chamaecyparis pisifera, C.
thyoides, 
and Cupressus macrocarpa> 
<@text x=857 y=933 
t=CUPRESSACEAE, wood. 24: \i{}Chamaecyparis 
pisifera\i0{}, TS showing zonately arranged 
parenchyma cells. 27: \i{}Chamaecyparis 
thyoides\i0{}, RLS showing cupressoid 
cross-field pits. 21: \i{}Cupressus 
macrocarpa\i0{}, TLS showing biseriate rays. 
From Phillips (1948).> 
junvir01.jpg <@subject Wood anatomy: Juniperus virginiana> 
<@text x=464 y=9 
t=CUPRESSACEAE, wood. 10: \i{}Juniperus 
virginiana\i0{}, TS showing intercellular spaces 
between normal tracheids. 17: \i{}Juniperus 
virginiana\i0{}, RLS showing ray cells with 
nodular end-walls (near centre). From Phillips 
(1948).> 
thuocc01.jpg <@subject Wood anatomy: Thuja occidentalis> 
<@text x=464 y=8 
t=CUPRESSACEAE, wood. 16, \i{}Thuja 
occidentalis\i0{} RLS, showing (near centre) 
indentures at angles of ray cells). 28, 
\i{}Thuja occidentalis\i0{} RLS, showing 
taxodioid cross-field pits. From Phillips 
(1948).> 
 
# Cycadaceae/ 
cham0861.gif <@subject Cycas revoluta and Cycas circinalis: habit and 
female sporophylls> 
<@text x=468 y=3 
t=Fig. 97 shows the continuation of vegetative 
growth beyond the crown of circinately-expanding 
sporophylls.>
cycasr01.jpg <@subject \i{}Cycas revoluta\i0{}, photos:  Zoya Akulova>
lmdec751.gif <@subject Cycas circinalis: habit, megasporophyll and seed 
(Le Maout and Decaisne)> 
spor0211.gif <@subject Cycas spp., habit and sporophylls (Sporne)> 
<@text x=36 y=893 
t=CYCADACEAE. 1 & 2, \i{}Cycas media\i0{}: 
habit, and TS stem showing coaxial rings of 
vascular tissues. 3-4, microsporophylls of 
\i{}Cycas circinalis\i0{} (3) and \i{}Cycas 
rumphii\i0{}. 5-8, megasporophylls:\i{} Cycas 
circinalis\i0{} (5), \i{}C. circinalis\i0{} var. 
\i{}papuana\i0{} (6), \i{}Cycas revoluta\i0{} 
(7) and \i{}Cycas siamensis\i0{} (8). From 
Sporne (1965), after Schuster.> 
 
# Ephedraceae/
bmag7670.jpg <@subject Ephedra altissima: Bot. Mag. 125 (1899)>
lmdec748.gif <@subject Ephedra: technical details (Le Maout and
Decaisne)> 
 
# Ginkgoaceae/ 
spor0351.gif <@subject Ginkgo: technical details (Sporne)> 
djak0021.gif <@subject Ginkgo biloba (Dallimore and Jackson)> 
andr341.gif <@subject Jurassic ginkgophyte fossil leaves> 
andr3351.gif <@subject Wood anatomy: Ginkgo biloba> 
<@text x=468 y=9 
t=\i{}Ginkgo biloba\i0{} wood, TS (left) and 
TLS. From Andrews (1961).> 
 
# Gnetaceae/ 
spor0381.gif <@subject Gnetum: habit and technical details (Sporne)> 
lind2321.gif <@subject Gnetum gnemon: technical details (Lindley)> 
 
# Pinaceae/
abiesgra.jpg <@subject Abies grandis, photos:  Zoya Akulova>  
lmd7401.gif <@subject Pinus sylvestris: techncal details (Le Maout & 
Decaisne)> 
<@text x=912 y=9 
t=From Le maout and Decaisne (1873).> 
spor0281.gif <@subject Pinaceae: technical details (Sporne)> 
flori50.gif <@subject Cone-scale interpretation: Abies and Keteleeria 
(Florin)> 
flori51.gif <@subject Cone-scale interpretation: Pinus pinaster
(Florin)> 
djak0121.gif <@subject Abies alba and Abies grandis (Dallimore and 
Jackson)> 
djak0221.gif <@subject Abies nordmanniana and Abies procera (Dallimore
and 
Jackson)> 
djak0681.gif <@subject Picea abies and Picea sitchensis (Dallimore and 
Jackson)>
piceaabi.jpg <@subject \i{}Picea abies\i0{}, photos:  Zoya Akulova>
piceaori.jpg <@subject \i{}Picea orientalis\i0{}, photo:  Zoya Akulova>
piceasit.jpg <@subject \i{}Picea sitchensis\i0{}, photos:  Zoya Akulova>
djak013.gif <@subject Abies amabilis (Dallimore and Jackson)> 
djak0141.gif <@subject Abies cilicica and Abies concolor (Dallimore and 
Jackson)> 
djak0161.gif <@subject Abies delavayi and Abies firma (Dallimore and 
Jackson)> 
djak0181.gif <@subject Abies grandis and Abies homolepis (Dallimore and 
Jackson)> 
djak0201.gif <@subject Abies koreana and Abies magnifica (Dallimore and 
Jackson)> 
djak0231.gif <@subject Abies numidica and Abies pindrow var. brevifolia 
(Dallimore and Jackson)> 
djak0251.gif <@subject Abies pinsapo and Abies spectabilis (Dallimore
and 
Jackson)> 
djak0291.gif <@subject Abies cephalonica, A. veitchii, and A. venusta 
(Dallimore and Jackson)> 
djak077.gif <@subject Picea omorika (Dallimore and Jackson)> 
dicgpice.gif <@subject Picea breweriana and P. omorika (Chittenden)> 
<@text x=517 y=10 
t=\i{}Picea breweriana\i0{} (left) and \i{}P. 
omorika\i0{}. From Chittenden (1951).>
cedrusat.jpg <@subject \i{}Cedrus atlantica\i0{}, photos:  Zoya Akulova>
djak035.gif <@subject Cedrus atlantica, C. deodara and C. libani 
(Dallimore and Jackson)>
pinuslam.jpg <@subject \i{}Pinus lambertiana\i0{}, photos:  Zoya Akulova>
pinusmon.jpg <@subject \i{}Pinus monticola\i0{}, photo:  Zoya Akulova>
pinusstr.jpg <@subject \i{}Pinus strobus\i0{}, photos:  Zoya Akulova>
djak0991.gif <@subject Pinus sylvestris, Pinus strobus and Pinus 
wallichiana (Dallimore and Jackson)> 
djak0941.gif <@subject Pinus heldreichii var. leucodermis, Pinus mugo
and 
Pinus nigra (Dallimore and Jackson)> 
<@text x=11 y=12 
t=\i{}Pinus leucodermis\i0{} Antoine = \i{}Pinus 
heldreichii\i0{} H. Christ, var. 
l\i{}eucodermis\i0{}.> 
djak0961.gif <@subject Pinus peuce, pinaster and Pinus pinea (Dallimore 
and Jackson)> 
dicgpi03.gif <@subject Pinus radiata and P. thunbergii (Chittenden)> 
<@text x=912 y=947 
t=\i{}Pinus radiata\i0{} (left) and \i{}P. 
thunbergii\i0{}. From Chittenden (1951).> 
dicgpi04.gif <@subject Pinus flexilis and P. bungeana (Chittenden)> 
<@text x=909 y=936 
t=\i{}Pinus flexilis\i0{} (left) and \i{}P. 
bungeana\i0{}. From Chittenden (1951).> 
dicgpi01.gif <@subject Keteleeria fortunei and Tsuga canadensis 
(Chittenden)> 
<@text x=7 y=15 
t=\i{}Keteleeria fortunei\i0{} (right) and 
\i{}Tsuga canadensis\i0{}. From Chittenden 
(1951).> 
djak063.gif <@subject Keteleeria davidiana (Dallimore and Jackson)>
keteler1.jpg <@subject \i{}Keteleeria evelyniana\i0{}, photos:
 Zoya Akulova>
djak0641.gif <@subject Larix decidua and Pseudolarix amabilis (Dallimore
and Jackson)>
larixocc.jpg <@subject \i{}Larix occidentalis\i0{}, photos:  Zoya Akulova> 
dicgpi02.gif <@subject Abies fargesii and Pseudolarix amabilis 
(Chittenden)> 
<@text x=11 y=916 
t=\i{}Abies fargesii\i0{} (left) and 
\i{}Pseudolarix amabilis\i0{}. From Chittenden 
(1951).>
pstsug01.gif <@subject Pseudotsuga japonica and P. menziesii (as P. taxifolia 
       and P. glauca): (Dallimore and Jackson)> 
djak1151.gif <@subject Tsuga caroliniana and T. chinensis (Dallimore and
      Jackson)>
tsugachi.jpg <@subject \i{}Tsuga chinensis\i0{}, photo:  Zoya Akulova>      
djak1171.gif <@subject Tsuga diversifolia and T. dumosa (Dallimore and 
      Jackson)> 
djak119.gif <@subject Tsuga heterophylla and T. canadensis (Dallimore
      and Jackson)> 
abies01.jpg <@subject Wood anatomy: Abies alba and Abies grandis> 
<@text x=466 y=7 
t=PINACEAE, wood. 15: \i{}Abies alba\i0{}, RLS 
showing ray with well-pitted horizontal (and 
vertical) walls. 18: \i{}Abies grandis\i0{}, RLS 
showing crystalliferous ray cells. From Phillips 
(1948).> 
lardec01.jpg <@subject Wood anatomy: Larix decidua, Larix laricina and 
Larix occidentalis> 
<@text x=524 y=9 
t=PINACEAE, wood. 2: \i{}Larix decidua\i0{}, TS 
showing conspicuous latewood. 32: \i{}Larix 
occidentalis\i0{}, TS showing vertical resin 
ducts. 36B: \i{}Larix laricina\i0{}, TLS showing 
horizontal resin duct with thirteen thick-walled 
epithelial cells. From Phillips (1948).> 
pwood01.jpg <@subject Wood anatomy: Pinus contorta, Pinus monticola and 
Pinus palustris> 
<@text x=547 y=8 
t=PINACEAE, wood. 3: \i{}Pinus contorta\i0{} 
subsp. \i{}latifolia\i0{}, tangential surface 
showing dimpled grain. 13: \i{}Pinus 
monticola\i0{}, RLS showing marginal ray 
tracheids with smooth thin walls. 29: \i{}Pinus 
palustris\i0{}, RLS showing several pinoid pits 
per cross-field, and reticulate thickenings of 
ray tracheids. From Phillips (1948).> 
pwood02.jpg <@subject Wood anatomy: Pinus halepensis and Pinus
sylvestris> 
<@text x=496 y=8 
t=PINACEAE, wood. 31: \i{}Pinus sylvestris\i0{}, 
TS showing vertical resin duct. 25: \i{}Pinus 
sylvestris\i0{}, RLS showing large cross-field 
pits and dentate ray tracheids. 30: \i{}Pinus 
halepensis\i0{}, RLS showing pinoid cross-field 
pits and inconspicuously dentate ray tracheids. 
From Phillips (1948).> 
cedbre01.jpg <@subject Wood anatomy: Cedrus brevifolia> 
<@text x=474 y=4 
t=PINACEAE, wood. 33: \i{}Cedrus 
brevifolia\i0{}, TS showing traumatic vertical 
resin ducts. 34: \i{}Cedrus brevifolia\i0{}, TLS 
showing traumatic horizontal resin ducts. 26: 
\i{}Cedrus brevifolia\i0{}, RLS showing piceoid 
cross-field pits. 6A: \i{}Cedrus 
brevifolia\i0{}, RLS showing trached pits with 
scalloped torus margins. From Phillips (1948).> 
psetsu01.jpg <@subject Wood anatomy: Pseudotsuga taxifolia> 
<@text x=494 y=27 
t=PINACEAE, wood. 35: \i{}Pseudotsuga 
taxifolia\i0{}, TLS showing horizontal resin 
duct with six thick-walled epithelial cells. 7B: 
\i{}Pseudotsuga taxifolia\i0{}, TLS showing 
tracheids with spiral thickeneings. From 
Phillips (1948).> 
picabi01.jpg <@subject Wood anatomy: Picea abies and Picea sitchensis> 
<@text x=468 y=22 
t=PINACEAE, wood. 11: \i{}Picea abies\i0{}, TS 
showing rounded outlines of compression wood 
tracheids and associated intercellular spaces. 
12: \i{}Picea abies\i0{}, RLS showing spiral 
checking in walls of compression wood tracheids. 
19A: \i{}Picea abies\i0{}, TLS showing ray with 
body cells elongated in sectional view. 19B: 
\i{}Picea sitchensis\i0{}, TLS showing ray with 
body cells approximately isodiametric in 
sectional view. 36A: Picea sitchensis, TLS 
showing horizontal resin duct with eitht 
thick-walled epithelial cells From Phillips 
(1948).> 
 
# Podocarpaceae/
dacryd01.gif <@subject Dacrydium xanthandrum: adapted from Fl. Malesiana 
      10 (1989)>
icpl1218.gif <@subject Halocarpus kirkii (as Dacrydium) and Manoao 
      colensoi (as Dacrydium westlandicum): Hook. Ic. Pl. 13 (1877)>
icpl815.gif <@subject Lepidothamnus laxifolius, as Dacrydium: Hook. 
      Ic. Pl. 9 (1852)>       
lind229b.gif <@subject Saxegothaea conspicua (Lindley)> 
<@text x=884 y=11 
t=1, male strobilus. 2, male sporophyll, with 
two abaxial pollen sacs. 3, female cone-scale, 
with one adaxial ovule. 4, mature female cone. 
From Lindley (1853).> 
djak008.gif <@subject Saxegothaea conspicua (Dallimore and Jackson)> 
dicgsax.gif <@subject Saxegothaea conspicua (Chittenden)> 
<@text x=905 y=937 
t=From Chittenden (1951).>
phylloc1.jpg <@subject \i{}Phyllocladus trichomanoides\i0{} var. 
\i{}alpinus\i0{}, photo:  Zoya Akulova>
phylloc2.jpg <@subject \i{}Phyllocladus trichomanoides\i0{}, 
photo:  Zoya Akulova>
lind231.gif <@subject Phyllocladus rhomboidalis (Lindley)> 
<@text x=8 y=13 
t=Male spike (left), a detached microsporophyll 
with two pollen sacs(2), and a female strobilus 
(3). The latter exhibits two reduced cone scales, 
each with a basal, erect ovule. From Lindley 
(1853).> 
djak005.gif <@subject Phyllocladus trichomanoides (Dallimore and
Jackson)>
podochen.jpg <@subject \i{}Podocarpus henkelii\i0{},
photos:  Zoya Akulova>
podocmac.jpg <@subject \i{}Podocarpus macrophyllus\i0{},
photos:  Zoya Akulova>
djak007.gif <@subject Podocarpus salignus (Dallimore and Jackson)> 
djak006.gif <@subject Prumnopitys andina (Dallimore and Jackson)> 
<@text x=18 y=13 
t=PODOCARPACEAE. \i{}Podocarpus andinus\i0{} 
Poepp. ex Endl. = \i{}Prumnopitys andina\i0{} 
(Poepp. ex Endl.) de Laub.> 
spor032.gif <@subject Podocarpaceae: technical details (Sporne)> 
flori57.gif <@subject Cone morphology: Podocarpus spp. (Florin)> 
flori56.gif <@subject Cone morphology: Microcachrys, Phyllocladus, 
Saxegothaea (Florin)> 
flori012.gif <@subject Leaf epidermis: Podocarpus ferrugineus and 
Podacarpus blumei (Florin)> 
<@text x=691 y=807 
t=PODOCARPACEAE. Abaxial leaf epidermes. 1, 
\i{}Podocarpus ferrugineus\i0{}; 2, 
\i{}Podocarpus blumei\i0{}. From Florin (1931 
and 1951).> 
fprb0161.jpg <@subject Wood anatomy: Lagarostrobus franklinii> 
<@text x=400 y=400 
t=PODOCARPACEAE, wood. \i{}Lagarostrobus 
franklinii\i0{} (Huon pine), RLS showing 
tracheid pits with characteristic extensions. 
From Phillips (1948).> 
 
# Sciadopityaceae/ 
djak107.gif <@subject Sciadopitys verticillata (Dallimore and Jackson)> 
dicg1907.gif <@subject Sciadopitys verticillata (Chittenden)> 
flori47.gif <@subject Cone-scale interpretation: Sciadopitys
verticillata 
(Florin)> 
fprb14.jpg <@subject Wood anatomy: Sciadopitys verticillata> 
<@text x=819 y=34 
t=SCIADOPITYACEAE, wood. \i{}Sciadopitys 
verticillata\i0{}, RLS showing rays with thin, 
unpitted horizontal (and vertical) walls. From 
Phillips (1948).> 
 
# Stangeriaceae/ 
cham0611.gif <@subject Bowenia serratula and Stangeria paradoxa: habit> 
bmag5398.jpg <@subject Bowenia spectabilis: Bot. Mag. 89 (1863)> 
spor0223.gif <@subject Stangeria paradoxa, male cone> 
bmag5121.jpg <@subject Stangeria paradoxa: Bot. Mag. 83 (1859)> 
 
# Taxaceae/ 
djak009.gif <@subject Taxus baccata and T. cuspidata (Dallimore and 
Jackson)> 
bent018.jpg <@subject Taxus baccata (Curtis)>
taxuschi.jpg <@subject \i{}Taxus wallichiana\i0{} var. \i{}chinensis\i0{},
photos:  Zoya Akulova>
torreyac.jpg <@subject \i{}Torreya californica\i0{}, photos:  Zoya Akulova>
djak0101.gif <@subject Torreya californica, Torreya grandis and Torreya 
nucifera (Dallimore and Jackson)> 
spor034.gif <@subject Taxus baccata and T. cuspidata: technical details 
(Sporne)> 
flori62.gif <@subject Female reproductive organization in Taxus,
Austrotaxus and Pseudotaxus (as Nothotaxus): (Florin)> 
flori64.gif <@subject Female reproductive organization: Amentotaxus 
argotaenia> 
flori032.gif <@subject Leaf epidermes: Amentotaxus, Nothotaxus 
      (= Pseudotaxus), Taxus (Florin)> 
<@text x=396 y=521 
t=TAXACEAE. Abaxial leaf epidermes. 1, 
\i{}Amentotaxus argotaenia\i0{}; 2, \i{}Taxus 
baccata\i0{}; 3, \i{}Taxus cuspidata\i0{}; 4, 
\i{}Taxus brevifolia\i0{}; 5, \i{}Nothotaxus 
chienii\i0{}; 6, \i{}Taxus canadensis\i0{}. From 
Florin (1931 and 1951).> 
fprb0171.jpg <@subject Wood anatomy: Taxus baccata> 
<@text x=369 y=26 
t=TAXACEAE, wood. \i{}Taxus baccata\i0{}, TLS 
showing tracheids with spiral thickenings. From 
Phillips (1948).> 
 
# Taxodiaceae/ 
djak0321.gif <@subject Athrotaxis cupressoides, A. laxifolia and A. 
selaginoides (Dallimore and Jackson)> 
djak042.gif <@subject Cryptomeria japonica (Dallimore and Jackson)> 
djak043.gif <@subject Cunninghamia lanceolata (Dallimore and Jackson)>
metaseq1.jpg <@subject \i{}Metasequoia glyptostroboides\i0{}, photos:
 Zoya Akulova>
djak108.gif <@subject Sequoia sempervirens (Dallimore and Jackson)> 
djak109.gif <@subject Sequoiadendron giganteum (Dallimore and Jackson)>
sdendron.jpg <@subject \i{}Sequoiadendron giganteum\i0{}, 
photos:  Zoya Akulova>
taxomucr.jpg <@subject \i{}Taxodium huegelii\i0{}, photos:  Zoya Akulova>
djak110.gif <@subject Taxodium distichum (Dallimore and Jackson)>
taiwania.jpg <@subject \i{}Taiwania cryptomerioides\i0{}, 
photos:  Zoya Akulova>
spor031.gif <@subject Taxodiaceae, Cephalotaxaceae and Cupressaceae: 
technical details (Sporne)> 
flori44.gif <@subject Cone-scale interpretation: Cryptomeria japonica 
(Florin)> 
flori45.gif <@subject Cone-scale interpretations: Sequoia,
Sequoiadendron, 
Taxodium (Florin)> 
flori46.gif <@subject Cone-scale interpretation: Athrotaxis spp.
(Florin)> 
flori48.gif <@subject Cone-scale interpretation: Cunninghamia lanceolata
(Florin)> 
flori04.gif <@subject Leaf epidermes: Glyptostrobus, Metasequoia,
Sequoia 
and Taxodium (Florin)> 
<@text x=22 y=21 
t=TAXODIACEAE. 1-4, Abaxial leaf epidermes: 1, 
\i{}Sequoia sempervirens\i0{}; 2, 
\i{}Glyptostrobus pensilis\i0{}; 3, \i{}Taxodium 
ascendens\i0{}; 4, \i{}Metasequoia 
glyptostroboides\i0{}. 5, \i{}Metasequoia 
glyptostroboides\i0{}, adaxial (upper) epidermis. 
From Florin (1931 and 1951).> 
fprb201.jpg <@subject Wood anatomy: Sequoia sempervirens> 
<@text x=682 y=929 
t=TAXODIACEAE, wood. \i{}Sequoia 
sempervirens\i0{}, TLS showing more or less 
isodiametric ray cells with thickened corners. 
From Phillips (1948).> 
taxdis01.jpg <@subject Wood anatomy: Taxodium distichum and Sequoia 
sempervirens> 
<@text x=486 y=40 
t=TAXODIACEAE, wood. 5: \i{}Taxodium 
distichum\i0{}, RLS showing tracheids with 
opposte arrangement of the bordered pits. 20A: 
\i{}Taxodium distichum\i0{}, TLS showing more or 
less isodiametric ray cells and abundant pits on 
tangential wall of a latewood tracheid. 20B: 
\i{}Sequoia sempervirens\i0{}, TLS showing more 
or less isodiametric ray cells with thickened 
corners. 23: \i{}Taxodium distichum\i0{}, TLS 
showing parenchyma cells with nodular end-walls. 
From Phillips (1948).> 
 
# Welwitschiaceae/ 
lmdec749.gif <@subject Welwitschia: habit and technical details (Le
Maout 
and Decaisne)> 
spor0401.gif <@subject Welwitschia: details (Sporne)> 
 
# Zamiaceae/
enceph01.jpg <@subject Encephalartos villosus: Lemaire, L'illustrationes 
      horticole (1868)>
enceph02.jpg <@subject Encephalartos ghellinckii: Lemaire, L'illustrationes 
      horticole (1868)>
lepidozp.jpg <@subject \i{}Lepidozamia peroffskyana\i0{}, photos:
 Zoya Akulova>   
cham0591.gif <@subject Macrozamia denisoni: habit and female cone> 
cham0941.gif <@subject Macrozamia denisoni and Zamia floridana: female 
cones>
macroza1.jpg <@subject \i{}Macrozamia communis\i0{}, photos:
 Zoya Akulova>
bmag6184.jpg <@subject Dioon edule: Bot. Mag. 101 (1875)>
dioon02.jpg <@subject \i{}Dioon spinulosum\i0{}, photo:  Zoya Akulova>
cham0851.gif <@subject Dioon spinulosum and Dioon edule: habit, male
cone and male sporophylls>
zamiafur.jpg <@subject \i{}Zamia furfuracea\i0{}, photos:  Zoya Akulova>
bmag7542.jpg <@subject Zamia obliqua: Bot. Mag. 123 (1897)>
cham1071.gif <@subject Zamia portoricensis and Ceratozamia mexicana:
male cones and male sporophylls>
bmag7103.jpg <@subject Zamia wallisii: Bot Mag. 116 1890)>
spor0221.gif <@subject Dioon, Ceratozamia, Macrozamia, Zamia: habit, 
strobili and sporophylls> 
<@text x=910 y=914 
t=ZAMIACEAE. 1-3, \i{}Zamia floridana\i0{}: 
female plant, female cone and TS stem showing 
girdling leaf traces, scanty wood and abundant 
mucilage canals. 3-5, female cones: 3, \i{}Zamia 
floridana\i0{}; 4, \i{}Dioon edule\i0{} (partly 
dissected); 5, \i{}Macrozamia spiralis\i0{}. 
6-9, female sporophylls: 6, \i{}Macrozamia 
spiralis\i0{}; 7, \i{}Dioon edule\i0{}; 8, 
\i{}Zamia fischeri\i0{}; 9, \i{}Zamia 
skinneri\i0{}. 10-12, \i{}Zamia montana\i0{}: 
10, male cone; 11 and 12, male sporophyll, 
adaxial and abaxial faces respectively. 13-15, 
male sporophylls: 13, \i{}Macrozamia 
spiralis\i0{}; 14, \i{}Zamia furfuracea\i0{}; 
15, \i{}Ceratozamia mexicana\i0{}. 10-12 from Le 
Maout & Decaisne (1873), the rest from Sporne 
(1965).> 
 
# Ancient Conifers and Taxads/ 
flori301.gif <@subject Female cones: Lower Permian> 
flori361.gif <@subject Female cones: Upper Permian, Triasic, Jurassic> 
flori362.gif <@subject Female cones: Jurassic and Cretaceous, cf. extant
Cunninghamia> 
flori43.gif <@subject Upper Triassic Palaeotaxus, cf. extant Taxus 
canadensis>
agajur01.jpg <@subject Agathis jurassica, from a Jurassic deposit in N.S.W.,
      Australia: cf. extant Agathis spp.>
 
# Ancient Cycads/ 
foscyca1.gif <@subject Cycadalean and Benettitalean leaf morphology and 
epidermal structure: Andrews (1961)> 
foscyca2.gif <@subject Fossil Cycadales - Nilssonia, Beania,
Androstrobus: 
Andrews (1961)> 
foscyca3.gif <@subject Bennettitalean 'flowers' - Cycadeoidea spp.:
Andrews 
(1961)> 
 
 
 
