*SHOW: GENRES DE GRAMINE[Z']ES DU MONDE. 18 fevrier 1998. 
 
*CHARACTER LIST 
 
#1. <derivation of the generic name>/
 
#2. <common name>/
 
#3. <XXX> <~ genre [Isensu lato] [X_] i.e. genus in which this taxon is
          sometimes (not unreasonably) included>/
 
#4. <type species - [IG. species] author>/
 
#5. <XXX> <synonymie: `genres' inclus par cette description>/
 
#6. <XXX> non compris: <genera for which separate descriptions are
          provided: cross referencing incomplete>/
 
#7. <longvit des plantes>/
       1. plantes annuelles <sans vestiges de gaines ou de chaumes>/
       2. plantes vivaces <avec vestiges de gaines ou de chaumes> <Figs 1,
          2, 18>/
 
#8. <TTT> <reeds>/
       1. reeds <helophytic, tall, to (2[X-])3 m or more in height; culms
          woody and persistent, always leafy>/
       2. not reeds <condition implicite>/
 
#9. <type de port>/
       1.  longs rhizomes/
       2.  longs stolons/
       3.  port cespiteux/
       4. <tranant ou>  port dcombant <s'enracinant aux noeuds>/
 
#10. <perennials, whether geophytic>/
       1. geophytic/
       2. not geophytic/
 
#11. the flowering culms <whether having foliage leaves> <dimorphic culms
          [X_] intended mainly for bambusoids>/
       1. leafless/
       2. leafy/
 
#12. plants to <diameter: as yet uncoded>/
       cm in diameter/
 
#13. <XXX> hauteur du chaume  maturit <data unreliable for large genera>/
       cm/
 
#14. <chaume ligneux ou herbac>/
       1. chaume ligneux et persistant/
       2. chaume herbac/
 
#15. <XX> diamtre maximum du chaume <note cm units, intended for bamboos>/
       cm/
 
#16. <TTT> culms <shape: intended for bamboos>/
       1. cylindrical/
       2. flattened on one side/
 
#17. <chaume se supportant ou non de lui-mme>/
       1. chaume prenant appui sur d'autres plantes/
       2. chaume se supportant de lui-mme <condition implicite>/
 
#18. <TTT> culms <habit: as yet uncoded>/
       1. self-supporting <condition implicite>/
       2. decumbent/
       3. scrambling/
       4. scandent/
       5. pendent/
       6. floating/
 
#19. <chaume ramifi ou non>/
       1. chaume ramifi vgtativement dans le haut <Fig. 2>/
       2. chaume non ramifi vgtativement dans le haut <Figs 1, 7>/
 
#20. buds from which the primary culm branches arise <in bamboos, number>/
 
#21. primary branches <complement, number>/
 
#22. primary branches <arrangement>/
       1. horizontally aligned/
       2. in an irregular line/
       3. clumped/
       4. girdling/
       5. around a triangular space/
 
#23. the <culm> branching <nature>/
       1. simple <implicit>/
       2. fasigiate/
       3. suffrutescent/
       4. dendroid/
 
#24. <chaume tubreux ou non  la base>/
       1. chaume tubreux  la base/
       2. chaume non tubreux  la base <condition implicite>/
 
#25. culms <number of aerial nodes: as yet uncoded>/
       noded/
 
#26. culm nodes <exposure: few data>/
       1. exposed/
       2. hidden by leaf sheaths/
 
#27. <noeuds pubescents ou glabres>/
       1. noeuds du chaume pubescents <Figs 4, 33>/
       2. noeuds du chaume glabres <Fig. 4>/
 
#28. <TTT> <TTT> culm nodes <number of ridges: bamboos>/
       ridged/
 
#29. <TTT> culm leaves <presence: few data>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/
 
#30. culm leaf sheaths <bamboos: presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/
 
#31. culm leaf sheaths <persistence>/
       1. deciduous/
       2. persistent/
 
#32. culm leaf sheaths <whether keeled>/
       1. keeled/
       2. compressed/
       3. rounded/
 
#33. culm leaf sheaths <bamboos: when deciduous, persistent girdle>/
       1. leaving a persisten girdle <after falling>/
       2. not leaving a persistent girdle/
 
#34. culm leaf sheaths <bamboos: auricles>/
       1. conspicuously auriculate/
       2. not conspicuously auriculate/
 
#35. culm leaves <bamboos: blade>/
       1. with conspicuous blades/
       2. without conspicuous blades/
 
#36. culm leaf blades <bamboos: shape>/
       1. linear/
       2. lanceolate/
       3. ovate/
       4. triangular/
 
#37. <XX> <entrenoeuds pleins ou creux (avoid the peduncle)>/
       1. entrenoeuds du chaume pleins ou spongieux/
       2. entrenoeuds du chaume visiblement creux/
 
#38. <port bambusode, unicespiteux ou pluricespiteux>/
       1. port unicespiteux/
       2. port pluricespiteux/
 
#39. <XX> <forme des rhizomes>/
       1. rhizomes pachymorphes <sympodial>/
       2. rhizomes leptomorphes <monopodial>/
 
#40. <plantes distinctement pineuses ou non>/
       1. plantes distinctement pineuses/
       2. plantes inermes/
 
#41. plants <presence of multicellular glands, with comments on location,
          form>/
       1. with multicellular glands/
       2. without multicellular glands <condition implicite>/
 
#42. <pousses vgtatives, extravaginales ou intravaginales>/
       1. jeunes pousses <sortant  travers la base de la gaine qui les
          enveloppe> extravaginales/
       2. jeunes pousses <apparaissant entre la gaine et la tige>
          intravaginales/
 
#43. <pousses aromatiques ou non>/
       1. pousses aromatiques quand froisses  l'tat frais/
       2. pousses non aromatiques quand froisses  l'tat frais <condition
          implicite>/
 
#44. <feuilles surtout basilaires ou caulinaires>/
       1. feuilles surtout basilaires/
       2. feuilles surtout caulinaires/
 
#45. <TTT> leaves <whether differentiated into sheath and blade>/
       1. clearly differentiated into sheath and blade <condition
          implicite>/
       2. not clearly differentiated into sheath and blade/
 
#46. <phyllotaxie>/
       1. phyllotaxie spirale <type [IMicraira]>/
       2. phyllotaxie distique <at least initially, though subject to
          subsequent displacement: the near-universal condition [X_]
          condition implicite>/
 
#47. <prsence ou non d'oreillettes>/
       1. oreillettes foliaires prsentes/
       2. oreillettes foliaires absentes/
 
#48. <prsence de soies auriculaires>/
       1. feuilles avec soies auriculaires/
       2. feuilles sans soies auriculaires <implicit, save in
          Bambusoideae>/
 
#49. <marges de la gaine soudes ou non>/
       1. marges de la gaine soudes <jusqu' au moins un quart de sa
          longueur>/
       2. marges de la gaine libres <ou soudes sur moins d'un quart de sa
          longueur> <condition implicite>/
 
#50. <TTT> <comments on sheaths>/
 
#51. <TTT> leaf blades <extreme reduction>/
       1. <all> greatly reduced <with main functions transferred
          elsewhere>/
       2. not all greatly reduced <condition implicite>/
 
#52. <XXX> limbes foliaires <figures: observationes incomplis>/
       1. line[Z']aires/
       2. line[Z']aires lance[Z']ole[Z']s/
       3. lance[Z']ole[Z']s/
       4. ove[Z']s lance[Z']ole[Z']s/
       5. ove[Z']s/
       6. oblongs/
       7. obove[Z']s/
 
#53. apices <of the leaf blades, flat or cucullate>/
       1. cucullate <hooded>/
       2. flat/
 
#54. <TTT> leaf blades <texture>/
       1. leathery/
       2. flimsy/
       3. neither leathery nor flimsy <to become condition implicite>/
 
#55. <largeur maximale du limbe foliaire dpassant ou non 1 cm>/
       1. limbes foliaires larges <largeur maximale (aplatis) dpassant 1
          cm  l'tat sec>/
       2. limbes foliaires troits <largeur maximale (aplatis) gale ou
          infrieure  1 cm>/
 
#56. <XXX> limbes foliares <largeur maximale (aplatis): observations
          tre[Z`]s incomplis>/
       mm de large/
 
#57. <prsence de feuilles  limbes cords ou sagitts>/
       1. feuilles  limbes cords <au moins quelques-unes>/
       2. feuilles a[Z`] limbes sagitte[Z']s/
       3. feuilles  limbes non cords, non sagitte[Z']s/
 
#58. <limbes foliaires stacs ou non>/
       1. limbes foliaires stacs <c.--d. fins et raides: not to be
          confused with pungent, subulate etc.>/
       2. limbes foliaires non stacs/
 
#59. <TTT> leaf blades <folded/rolled>/
       1. flat/
       2. folded <Fig. 42>/
       3. rolled/
       4. acicular/
 
#60. <prsence de feuilles rigides, aciculaires>/
       1. limbes foliaires rigides, ligneux, aciculaires, plantes
          piquantes/
       2. limbes foliaires non aciculaires, plantes non piquantes/
 
#61. leaf blades abaxially <presence of multicellular glands> <recorded
          only for Chloridoideae>/
       1. exhibiting multicellular glands/
       2. without multicellular glands/
 
#62. the glands <distribution of abaxial leaf blade glands>/
       1. on the blade margins/
       2. costal/
       3. intercostal/
 
#63. <limbes foliaires pseudoptiols ou non>/
       1. limbes foliaires pseudoptiols <Figs 11, 42>/
       2. <XXX> limbes foliaires non pseudoptiols <condition implicite>/
 
#64. <TTT> leaf blades <venation>/
       1. pinnately veined/
       2. palmately veined/
       3. <conventionally> parallel veined <venation neither pinnate nor
          palmate> <condition implicite>/
 
#65. <prsence de nervures transversales distinctes dans le limbe
          foliaire>/
       1. nervures foliaires transversales visibles  l'oeil nu <au moins
          abaxialement>/
       2. nervures foliaires transversales trs peu accuses ou
          imperceptibles  l'oeil nu/
 
#66. <limbes foliaires se dsarticulant ou non de la gaine>/
       1. limbes foliaires <du moins beaucoup d'entre eux> finissant par se
          dsarticuler nettement des gaines/
       2. limbes foliaires persistant sur les gaines/
 
#67. <prfoliation>/
       1. prfoliation enroule/
       2. prfoliation conduplique/
       3. prfoliation plisse/
 
#68. <prsence ou non de ligule adaxiale>/
       1. ligule <rgulirement> prsente <condition implicite>/
       2. ligule absente <du moins aux feuilles suprieures>/
 
#69. <forme de la ligule adaxiale>/
       1. ligule membraneuse non frange de poils <Fig. 19>/
       2. ligule membraneuse frange de poils <Figs 20, 21, 23>/
       3. ligule en frange de poils <Fig. 22>/
       4. ligule en bordure de papilles minuscules/
 
#70. <sommet de la ligule forme>/
       1. ligule tronque/
       2. ligule non tronque <aigu, obtuse ou arrondie>/
 
#71. <TTT> ligule <adaxiale, longueur au centre: generally recorded only
          for membranous, unfringed forms>/
       mm de longueur/
 
#72. <prsence ou absence de ligule abaxiale>/
       1. ligule abaxiale prsente/
       2. ligule abaxiale absente/
 
#73. <XXX> <plantes monoques,  pillets bisexus, ou dioques>/
       1. plantes bisexues, dont tous les pillets fertiles sont
          unisexus/
       2. plantes bisexues, portant au moins quelques pillets bisexus
          <Plates 1:4, 1:5, 1:8, 2:10, 2:11, 2:13[X-]2:17 etc.>/
       3. plantes dioques <fleurs mles et fleurs femelles portes sur des
          individus distincts> <Figs 25, 26>/
 
#74. <XX> <prsence ou non de fleurs hermaphrodites> <not to be confused
          with presence or absence of hermaphrodite spikelets>/
       1. au moins quelques fleurs hermaphrodites/
       2. sans fleurs hermaphrodites/
 
#75. <XX> <prsence d'pillets de formes sexues diffrentes>/
       1. pillets de <au moins deux> formes sexues distinctes sur la mme
          plante <c.--d.: femelle ou hermaphrodite et strile ou mle; les
          pillets vertigiaux reprsents seulement par des pdicelles sont
          considrs comme des pillets>/
       2. pillets d'une seule forme sexue sur la plante <ignore hidden
          axillary spikelets, etc> <condition implicite>/
 
#76. <TTT> the spikelets <sexuality>/
       1. hermaphrodite/
       2. female-only/
       3. male-only/
       4. sterile/
 
#77. <TTT> the male and female-fertile spikelets <disposition on the
          plant>/
       1. in different inflorescences/
       2. on different <main> branches of the same inflorescence/
       3. segregated, in different parts of the same inflorescence branch
          <Plate 1:6>/
       4. mixed in the inflorescence/
 
#78. <pillets clairement htromorphiques ou homomorphiques (intended
          mainly for heterospiculate andropogonoids)>/
       1. pillets < la fois htrogames et> clairement htromorphiques/
       2. pillets extrieurement homomorphiques <htrogames,
          andropogonodes>/
 
#79. <pillets en combinaisons htrogames seulement ou non>/
       1. prsence d'pillets en combinaisons <paires ou triplets>
          homogames/
       2. combinaisons d'pillets <paires ou triplets> toutes htrogames/
 
#80. <TTT> plants <whether outbreeding or inbreeding [X_] data extensively
          from Connor 1979>/
       1. outbreeding <allogamous>/
       2. inbreeding <autogamous>/
 
#81. <TTT> <cleistogamy [X_] data mainly from Connor 1979: exposed
          spikelets>/
       1. exposed-cleistogamous <associated with varying degrees of
          spikelet and/or floret modification>/
       2. chasmogamous <unreliably condition implicite>/
 
#82. <prsence d'pillets clistogames cachs; on fait ici la diffrence
          entre les cachs et les non cachs, ces derniers sont
          probablement communs mais leur prsence est peu documente>/
       1.  pillets clistogames enferms, plus ou moins cachs <en plus
          des pillets non cachs; spcifier s'ils sont axillaires ou
          souterrains>/
       2. sans pillets clistogames cachs/
 
#83. <TTT> the hidden cleistogenes <location>/
       1. in the leaf sheaths/
       2. subterranean <rhizanthogenes>/
 
#84. <TTT> <whether apomixis observed, with data comment on
          pseudogamy/non-pseudogamy: data mainly from Connor 1979>/
       1. apomictic/
       2. reproducing sexually <unreliably condition implicite>/
 
#85. <prsence ou non de viviparit>/
       1. vivipare/
       2. non vivipare/
 
#86. <inflorescence soit dfinie, soit indfinie>/
       1. inflorescence dfinie <condition implicite>/
       2. inflorescence indfinie/
 
#87. <inflorescence pourvue ou non de pseudo-pillets (= prsence
          d'pillets supplmentaires placs  l'aisselle des glumes de
          l'pillet terminal ou  celle de bractes additionnelles: McClure
          1973)>/
       1. inflorescence pourvue de pseudo-pillets/
       2. inflorescence sans pseudo-pillets/
 
#88. <TTT> inflorescence <reduction>/
       1. reduced to a single spikelet/
       2. few spikeleted/
       3. <normally> many spikeleted <unreliably condition implicite>/
 
#89. <XX> <forme gnrale de l'inflorescence chasmogame>/
       1. inflorescence forme d'un seul pi terminal <Plate 1:9; Fig. 30>/
       2. inflorescence forme de ramifications spiciformes <pis, grappes
          serres ou panicules troites> <Plate 1:4; Figs 31, 38, 53, 54>/
       3. <XXX> inflorescence forme d'un pi faux <a false spike, with
          spikelets (or spikelet clusters, or glomerules) on contracted
          axes> <Plate 1:5; Figs 42, 49, 50, 51, 77>/
       4. inflorescence forme d'une seule grappe simple <c.--d. qu'au
          moins quelques-uns des pillets sont pdicells et qu'il ne
          s'agit pas d'une panicule rduite> <Fig. 33, 79>/
       5. inflorescence panicule <et non facilement rattache  une des
          autres formes> <Plates 1:1, 1:3, 1:8, 2:12; Figs 34, 35, 36, 37,
          55>/
 
#90. <TTT> inflorescence <tumbleweeds>/
       1. deciduous in its entirety <including `tumbleweeds'> <Fig. 26>/
       2. not deciduous <condition implicite>/
 
#91. <forme de la panicule>/
       1. forme gnrale de la panicule lche ou ouverte <Plates 1:8, 2:12;
          Figs 34, 35>/
       2. forme gnrale de la panicule contracte <trs compacte ou
          troite et spiciforme> <Plates 1:1, 1:3; Figs 36, 37>/
 
#92. <forme des panicules compactes solitaires>/
       1. panicule capite (plus ou moins sphrique)/
       2. panicule plus ou moins ovode/
       3. panicule allonge-cylindrique ou spiciforme/
       4. panicule de forme plus ou moins irrgulire/
 
#93. <TTT> inflorescence <whether branches divaricate>/
       1. with conspicuously divaricate branchlets <Fig. 40>/
       2. without conspicuously divaricate branchlets <condition
          implicite>/
 
#94. <rameaux de la panicule capillaires ou non>/
       1. panicule  rameaux capillaires/
       2. panicule  rameaux non capillaires/
 
#95. <ramifications de l'inflorescence digites ou subdigites>/
       1. inflorescence  ramifications digites <ou en paires>/
       2. inflorescence  ramifications subdigites/
       3. inflorescence  ramifications ni digites, ni subdigites <ni en
          paires> <condition implicite>/
 
#96. inflorescence  <nombre de rameaux primaires>/
       rameaux primaires/
 
#97. the primary inflorescence branches <insertion on the main axis> <data
          in process of transcription from Pooideae and Panicodae databases
          (q.v.) [X_] avoid where possible>/
       1. borne biseriately on one side of the main axis/
       2. borne distichously/
       3. inserted all around the main axis <borne neither biseriately nor
          distichously: includes spiralled, `alternate', opposite,
          whorled>/
 
#98. inflorescence <whether branches end in spikelets: caution required,
          notably in Paniceae where `bristles' are interpreted as the naked
          tips of reduced axes>/
       1. with axes ending in spikelets <condition implicite> <Figs 30, 32,
          54>/
       2. axes <often> not ending in spikelets <Figs 26, 31, 49>/
 
#99. rachides <whether clearly (macroscopically) flattened, hollowed or
          winged (data fairly unreliable)>/
       1. hollowed <Plates 1:7, 1:9; Figs 30, 56>/
       2. flattened <Fig. 39>/
       3. winged/
       4. neither flattened nor hollowed, not winged <condition implicite>/
 
#100. spikelets <whether embedded in the rachis>/
       1. all <more or less> partially embedded in the rachis <Plates 1:7,
          1:9; Figs 30, 42, 56>/
       2. not all embedded <condition implicite>/
 
#101. inflorescence <whether spatheate (note: `spatheate' not currently
          distinguished from `spatheolate')>/
       1. spatheate <specify> <ignore mere early enclosure by an unmodified
          flag leaf> <Figs 25, 26, 27, 43>/
       2. espatheate/
 
#102. <inflorescence forme ou non d'un ensemble d'inflorescences
          lmentaires spares par des organes foliaires (=feuilles,
          spathes, spatholes)>/
       1. inflorescence forme d'un ensemble d'inflorescences lmentaires
          spares par des organes foliaires <c.--d.: une
          pseudo-inflorescence> <Fig 43>/
       2. inflorescence ne comportant ni inflorescences lmentaires ni
          organes foliaires/
 
#103. <ultimate> spikelet-bearing axes <form> <intended mainly for
          andropogonoids and bamboos>/
       1. very much reduced <specify> <Plate 1:5; Figs 26, 42, 49, 50, 51>/
       2. spikes/
       3. `racemes' <Plate 1:6; Fig. 43>/
       4. spikelike <evidently not spikes, on close examination. e.g.
          [IHemarthria], [IPhacelurus]> <Plate 1:7; Figs 27, 46, 47, 59,
          60, 75, 76>/
       5. paniculate/
       6. capitate <= 1&5>/
 
#104. the spikelet-bearing axes <andropogonoid, number of spikelet-bearing
          `articles' (joints)>/
       1. with only one spikelet-bearing `article'/
       2. with 2[X-]3 spikelet-bearing `articles'/
       3. with 4[X-]5 spikelet-bearing `articles'/
       4. with 6[X-]10 spikelet-bearing `articles'/
       5. with more than 10 spikelet-bearing `articles' <specify the
          approximate number>/
 
#105. the racemes <whether spikelet bearing to the base>/
       1. spikelet bearing to the base/
       2. without spikelets towards the base/
 
#106. <ultimate> spikelet-bearing axes <grouping> <intended mainly for
          andropogonoids>/
       1. solitary/
       2. paired/
       3. clustered <in groups of three or more>/
 
#107. <ultimate> spikelet-bearing axes <thickness of rachides> <intended
          mainly for andropogonoids>/
       1. with very slender rachides <Plate 1:6>/
       2. with substantial rachides <Plate 1:7; Fig. 27>/
 
#108. <axes porte-pillets se dsarticulant ou non: XXXnote that
          spikelet-bearing axes may be greatly reduced>/
       1. axes porte-pillets se dsarticulant  maturit <XXXoften
          manifested in clearly articulated rachides. Excluding
          inflorescences falling whole (tumbleweeds)> <Figs 26, 27, 44, 45,
          46, 47, 59, 76>/
       2. axes porte-pillets ne se dsarticulant pas  maturit <condition
          implicite> <Figs 30, 38, 39, 53>/
 
#109. <axes porte-pillets tombant entiers ou se dsarticulant aux noeuds 
          maturit>/
       1. axes porte-pillets tombant entiers  maturit <Figs 50, 51>/
       2. axes porte-pillets se dsarticulant aux noeuds  maturit <Figs
          27, 44, 45, 46, 47, 59, 75, 76>/
 
#110. the pedicels and rachis internodes <[IBothriochloa], [IDichanthium]
          and relatives>/
       1. with a longitudinal, translucent furrow/
       2. without a longitudinal, translucent furrow <condition implicite>/
 
#111. `articles' <(`joints') of the spikelet-bearing rachis, shape
          (intended mainly for andropogonoids)>/
       1. linear/
       2. non-linear <Figs 44, 46, 47, 59, 75>/
 
#112. `articles' <of the spikelet-bearing rachis: whether bearing an
          elaiosome>/
       1. with a basal callus-knob <elaiosome> <Fig. 47>/
       2. without a basal callus-knob/
 
#113. `articles' <of the spikelet-bearing rachis, whether appendaged
          (intended mainly for andropogonoids)>/
       1. appendaged <Figs 45, 48>/
       2. not appendaged <Plate 1:7; Fig. 46>/
 
#114. `articles' <of the spikelet-bearing rachis, orientation of
          disarticulation (intended mainly for andropogonoids)>/
       1. disarticulating transversely <Plate 1:7; Figs 44, 46, 47, 59,
          75>/
       2. disarticulating obliquely <Figs 27, 28>/
 
#115. `articles' <of the spikelet-bearing rachis, whether hairy (intended
          mainly for andropogonoids>/
       1. densely long-hairy/
       2. somewhat hairy/
       3. glabrous <Plate 1:7; Figs 46, 47, 59, 75>/
 
#116. spikelets <and/or clusters, whether subtended by or associated with
          `involucres' or bristles representing vestigial branches (note
          that `bristles' must not be confused with hairs)>/
       1. <all> unaccompanied by bractiform involucres, not associated with
          setiform vestigial branches <condition implicite>/
       2. <at least some of them> subtended by solitary `bristles'
          <vestigial branches>/
       3. <or clusters> with `involucres' of `bristles' <vestigial
          branches> <ignore true hairs> <Figs 49, 50, 51>/
       4. associated with bractiform involucres <Fig. 72>/
 
#117. the <reduced branch> `bristles' <form, coalescence>/
       1. spiny, markedly coalescent basally <Fig. 50>/
       2. relatively slender, not spiny <Figs 49, 51>/
 
#118. the <reduced branch> `bristles' <whether deciduous>/
       1. persisting on the axis <Fig. 49>/
       2. deciduous with the spikelets <Figs 50, 51>/
 
#119. the involucres <whether deciduous or persistent>/
       1. persistent on the rachis/
       2. shed with the fertile spikelets/
 
#120. <pillets ports solitaires, par deux ou par trois: XXXrecorded
          mainly in spikes and racemes>/
       1. pillets <la plupart> solitaires <Plate 1:4; Figs 30, 38, 56>/
       2. pillets <rgulirement> en paires <Plate 1:6; Fig. 44>/
       3. pillets <rgulirement> groups par trois <Figs 46, 52, 59>/
 
#121. <pillets unilatraux ou non; on inclut ici les cas d'inflorescences
          unilatrales (par ex. [IDactylis]), d'axes dorsiventraux, etc.>/
       1. pillets unilatraux <Plates 1:2, 1:4, 2:15; Figs 31, 32, 38, 39,
          42, 53, 54, 55>/
       2. pillets non unilatraux/
 
#122. spikelets <insertion>/
       1. biseriate <on one side of the rachis> <Plate 1:4; Figs 31, 38,
          39, 53, 54>/
       2. distichous <Fig. 30>/
       3. not two-ranked <not biseriate, not distichously arranged> <to
          become condition implicite>/
 
#123. spikelets <insertion [X_] revised version>/
       1. sessile <Plate 1:9; Figs 30, 56>/
       2. subsessile <Fig. 54>/
       3. pedicellate <Plates 1:1, 1:8, 1:5, 2:10[X-]12 etc.; Figs 34, 35,
          53, 63, etc.>/
 
#124. pedicel apices <shape [X_] recorded as yet only in Paniceae. Data
          mainly from R.D. Webster 1985>/
       1. oblique <Fig. 58>/
       2. truncate <Fig. 58>/
       3. discoid <Plate 2:12; Fig. 58>/
       4. cupuliform <Plates 1:8, 2:10; Fig. 57>/
 
#125. spikelets <disposition, e.g. [IDiplachne]/[ILeptochloa]: not widely
          recorded>/
       1. imbricate/
       2. distant <not overlapping>/
 
#126. <c.--d. paires ou triplets en combinaisons pdicells-sessiles
          longs-pdicelles courts; sont ici incluses les formes
          andropogonodes dont les pillets pdicells sont en fait rduits
           leur seul pdicelle>/
       1. pillets rgulirement ports en combinaisons distinctes de
          pdicelles longs-pdicelles courts <sont ici incluses les formes
          andropogonodes dont les pillets pdicells sont en fait rduits
           leur seul pdicelle> <Plates 1:6, 1:7; Figs 28, 44, 47, 59, 72,
          76>/
       2. pillets non rgulirement groups en combinaisons pdicelles
          longs-pdicelles courts distinctes <condition implicite>/
 
#127. <types de combinaisons d'pillets (XXXintended mainly for
          andropogonoids)>/
       1. combinaisons d'pillets pdicells et sessiles <Figs 28, 44, 47,
          59>/
       2. combinaisons d'pillets  pdicelles ingaux/
 
#128. <XXX> <articles et pe[Z']dicelles des e[Z']pillets
          pe[Z']dicelle[Z']s, fusionne[Z']s ou non fusionne[Z']s: intended
          for andropogonoids>/
       1. articles et pe[Z']dicelles des e[Z']pillets pe[Z']dicelle[Z']s
          discernables, mais fusionne[Z']s <Plate 1:7; Figs 47, 60>/
       2. articles et pe[Z']dicelles des e[Z']pillets pe[Z']dicelle[Z']s
          non fusionne[Z']s <Figs 44, 75>/
 
#129. <sexe des pillets sessiles/subsessiles dans les paires ou triplets
          de type andropogonode>/
       1. pillets sessiles-subsessiles hermaphrodites <Fig. 59>/
       2. pillets sessiles-subsessiles femelles/
       3. pillets sessiles-subsessiles mles/
       4. pillets sessiles-subsessiles striles/
 
#130. <sexe des pillets pdicells dans les paires ou triplets de type
          andropogonode>/
       1. pillets longuement pdicells hermaphrodites/
       2. pillets longuement pdicells femelles/
       3. pillets longuement pdicells mles/
       4. pillets longuement pdicells striles <mentionner s'ils sont
          rduits  des pdicelles> <Figs 59, 60>/
 
#131. <description des pillets femelles steriles>/
 
#132. rachilla of male spikelets <whether prolonged beyond the uppermost
          male floret>/
       1. prolonged beyond the uppermost male floret/
       2. terminated by a male floret/
 
#133. the male spikelets <presence of glumes>/
       1. with glumes/
       2. without glumes/
 
#134. the male spikelets <whether with proximal sterile florets>/
       1. with proximal incomplete florets/
       2. without proximal incomplete florets/
 
#135. the male spikelets <number of florets>/
       floreted/
 
#136. the lemmas <of male spikelets, whether awned>/
       1. awnless/
       2. mucronate/
       3. awned/
 
#137. male florets <number per male spikelet>/
 
#138. male florets <of male-only spikelets, number of stamens>/
       staminate/
 
#139. the staminal filaments <in male-only spikelets, whether joined>/
       1. free <condition implicite>/
       2. joined/
 
#140. <pillets femelles fertiles de forme normale ou non>/
       1. pillets femelles fertiles plus ou moins normaux, montrant des
          glumes, des lemmas et des paleas facilement identifiables/
       2. pillets femelles fertiles de forme trs anormale, difficile 
          interprter/
 
#141. pillets femelles fertiles <longueur approximative, artes non
          comprises: XXXdata unreliable for large genera>/
       mm de longueur/
 
#142. <XX> <pillets femelles fertiles> <figures>/
       1. fusiformes/
       2. subcylindriques/
       3. sub/sphe[Z']r/iques/
       4. sub-orb/iculaires/
       5. cune[Z']iformes/
       6. <XXX> turb/inate/
       7. oblongs/
       8. ellipsoides/
       9. lance[Z']ole[Z']s/
       10. ove[Z']s/
       11. obove[Z']s/
       12. oblance[Z']ole[Z']s/
       13. linear/
 
#143. <female-fertile> spikelets <colour: few data>/
 
#144. <orientation abaxiale ou adaxiale des pillets femelles fertiles>
          <sessile to subsessile forms>/
       1. pillets femelles fertiles en position abaxiale <la glume
          infrieure, quand elle est l, loigne du rachis; chez les
          formes panicodes  fleur incomplte proximale, le lemma
          suprieur (femelle fertile) appuy sur le rachis>/
       2. pillets femelles fertiles en position adaxiale <la glume
          infrieure, quand elle y est, appuye sur le rachis; chez les
          formes  fleur incomplte proximale, le lemma suprieur (femelle
          fertile) loign du rachis>/
 
#145. <plan de compression des pillets femelles fertiles>/
       1. pillets femelles fertiles comprims latralement <lying on the
          side when placed on a flat surface> <Plates 1:2, 1:5, 1:9, 2:15,
          2:17; Figs 30, 54, 56, 61, 67, 68, 73, 119>/
       2. pillets femelles fertiles sans compression notable
          <cylindrique>/
       3. pillets femelles fertiles comprims <dorsalement, ventralement
          ou> dorsiventralement <lying on front or back when placed on a
          flat surface> <Plates 1:4, 1:7, 2:10, 2:11; Figs 70, 74, 75, 82,
          97, 98>/
 
#146. <female-fertile> spikelets <shape of `dorsiventrally flattened'
          forms>/
       1. planoconvex/
       2. biconvex/
 
#147. <emplacement des zones de dsarticulation des pillets femelles
          fertiles>/
       1. pillets femelles fertiles se dsarticulant <facilement>
          au-dessus des glumes  maturit/
       2. <XXX> e[Z']pillets femelles fertiles se de[Z']sarticulant entre
          des glumes a[Z`] maturite[Z']/
       3. pillets femelles fertiles se dsarticulant au-dessous des glumes
           maturit <y compris les cas de rupture des axes articuls>/
       4. pillets femelles fertiles ne se dsarticulant pas maturit
          <persistants, frquent chez les crales cultives>/
 
#148. <pillets femelles fertiles ( deux fleurs ou plus) se dsarticulant
          ou non entre les fleurs>/
       1. pillets femelles fertiles ne se dsarticulant pas entre les
          fleurs/
       2. pillets femelles fertiles se dsarticulant entre les fleurs/
 
#149. <XX> <pillets femelles fertiles (entrenoeuds de la rachole)>
          <unsatisfactorily defined, and inadequately scored for treating
          state 1 as implicit>/
       1. pillets femelles fertiles  entrenoeuds de rachole de longueur
          relative habituelle/
       2. pillets femelles fertiles  entrenoeud de rachole clairement
          allong entre les glumes/
       3. pillets femelles fertiles  entrenoeud de rachole clairement
          allong au-dessus des glumes/
       4. pillets femelles fertiles  entrenoeuds de rachole clairement
          allongs entre les fleurs/
 
#150. <[IIchnanthus] stipe>/
       1. fleur femelle fertile porte sur un stipe court muni, sous le
          palea, d'un petit appendice membraneux, annulaire, bilob/
       2. fleur femelle fertile sans stipe appendicul sous le palea
          <contrairement  [IIchnanthus]>/
 
#151. <TTT> the stipe beneath the upper floret <thickness: [IIchnanthus]
          relatives>/
       1. filiform/
       2. not filiform <Fig. 64>/
 
#152. the stipe beneath the upper floret <shape: [IIchnanthus] relatives>/
       1. straight and swollen <Fig. 64>/
       2. curved, not swollen/
 
#153. the stipe beneath the upper floret <whether heterogeneous Zuloaga
          1987>/
       1. heterogeneous <membranous towards the base of the palea,
          indurated on the lemma side>/
       2. homogeneous/
 
#154. <rachole prolonge au-del de la fleur femelle fertile, ou non>/
       1. pillets femelles fertiles  rachole se prolongeant au-del de
          la fleur femelle fertile distale <XXXi.e. not terminated by a
          female-fertile floret. Note that `racemose' spikelets with three
          or more female-fertile florets have all been awarded this state>
          <Figs 41, 56, 61, 65>/
       2. pillets femelles fertiles  rachole ne se prolongeant pas
          au-del de la fleur femelle fertile distale/
 
#155. <prsence de rachole pubescente>/
       1. rachole pubescente <entre les fleurs femelles fertiles ou
          au-dessus de la fleur femelle fertile unique>/
       2. rachole non pubescente <glabre ou simplement scabre>/
 
#156. <TTT> the rachilla extension <beyond the uppermost female-fertile
          floret of female-fertile spikelets, rudiments>/
       1. with incomplete florets/
       2. naked/
 
#157. <prsence de callus pubescent: XXXan unsatisfactory catch-all
          character, but widely recorded and useful in keys>/
       1. callus pubescent prsent <Figs 28, 63, 72, 100>/
       2. callus pubescent absent/
 
#158. <pubescence du callus ([ICalamagrostis]/[IAgrostis])>/
       1. callus portant des poils de plus de 0.5 mm de longueur/
       2. callus sans poils ou  poils de moins de 0.5 mm de longueur/
 
#159. the callus hairs <colour>/
       1. white/
       2. brown/
       3. purple/
 
#160. <TTT> callus <presence/length: data very incomplete>/
       1. absent/
       2. short/
       3. long <Fig. 100>/
 
#161. <TTT> callus <whether blunt or pointed>/
       1. pointed <Figs 28, 100>/
       2. blunt/
 
#162. glumes <d'pillets femelles fertiles, presentes ou absentes>/
       1. presentes <condition implicite>/
       2. absentes/
 
#163. <nombre de glumes (pillets femelles fertiles): `glumes' are barren,
          with neither axillary spikelets nor florets>/
       1. pillets femelles fertiles  une seule glume/
       2. pillets femelles fertiles  deux glumes/
       3. pillets femelles fertiles a[Z`] trois glumes ou plus <XXXa[Z`]
          plusieurs de?>/
 
#164. <glumes de l'pillet femelle fertile minuscules ou non>/
       1. pillets femelles fertiles  glumes minuscules relativement 
          l'pillet/
       2. pillets femelles fertiles  glumes relativement grandes/
 
#165. <glumes de longueur nettement ingale ou non dans les pillets
          femelles fertiles. Ne pas tenir compte de la forme>/
       1. glumes de longueur trs ingale dans les pillets femelles
          fertiles intacts <Plates 1:8, 2:10, 2:12; Figs 61, 68, 71>/
       2. glumes gales ou subgales dans les pillets femelles fertiles
          intacts <generally includes `subequal'> <Plates 1:1, 1:7, 2:11;
          Figs 62, 66, 73, 79, 85, 89, 114, 119>/
 
#166. glumes <length relative to the spikelet: poorly recorded>/
       1. <markedly> shorter than the spikelets <Figs 61, 68>/
       2. about equalling the spikelets <Plate 1:8; Figs 62, 93>/
       3. exceeding the spikelets <Figs 66, 67, 73, 85, 114>/
 
#167. <longueur des glumes des pillets femelles fertiles par rapport aux
          lemmas adjacents (XXXrefers to the longer glume when glumes
          unequal>/
       1. pillets femelles fertiles  glumes toutes nettement plus courtes
          que les lemmas adjacents <dans l'pillet intact> <Figs 61, 68,
          89>/
       2. pillets femelles fertiles  glumes de longueur <plus ou moins>
          gale ou suprieure aux lemmas adjacents <XXX = `long relative to
          the adjacent lemmas'??> <Plates 1:1, 1:7, 1:8, 2:15, 2:16; Figs
          62, 66, 67, 71, 73, 79, 85, 114, 119>/
 
#168. <glumes de l'pillet femelle fertile soudes ou libres>/
       1. pillets femelles fertiles  glumes soudes <du moins  la base>/
       2. pillets femelles fertiles  glumes libres <condition implicite>/
 
#169. <glumes de l'pillet femelle fertile bombes ou non>/
       1. pillets femelles fertiles  glumes nettement bombes  la base/
       2. pillets femelles fertiles  glumes non bombes <condition
          implicite>/
 
#170. <emplacement des glumes par rapport au rachis (pillet femelle
          fertile)>/
       1. pillets femelles fertiles  glumes en position dorsiventrale par
          rapport au rachis/
       2. pillets femelles fertiles  glumes en position latrale par
          rapport au rachis/
       3. pillets femelles fertiles  glumes en position "modifie" <c.-
          -d. rapproches l'une de l'autre et loignes du rachis>/
 
#171. <TTT> glumes <of female-fertile spikelets, whether hairy>/
       1. hairy <Plates 1:1, 1:3, 1:8, 2:12, 2:13, 2:15, 2:16; Figs 52,
          61>/
       2. hairless <Plate 1:5; Fig. 73>/
 
#172. <TTT> glumes <hairless, whether glabrous or scabrous>/
       1. glabrous <Plate 1:8; Fig. 73>/
       2. scabrous <Plate 1:5>/
 
#173. <disposition des poils des glumes des pillets femelles fertiles>/
       1. glumes des pillets femelles fertiles portant des touffes bien
          dfinies de poils/
       2. glumes des pillets femelles fertiles portant des ranges bien
          dfinies de poils/
       3. glumes des pillets femelles fertiles ne portant pas de touffes
          ni de ranges de poils bien dfinies <condition implicite>/
 
#174. <forme de l'apex des glumes inermes (pillet femelle fertile)>/
       1. apex des glumes aigu chez les pillets femelles fertiles/
       2. apex des glumes non aigu chez les pillets femelles fertiles
          <mouss ou incis>/
 
#175. glumes <of female-fertile spikelets, shape>/
       1. subulate/
       2. not subulate <to become condition implicite>/
 
#176. <glumes de l'pillet femelle fertile aristes ou inermes>/
       1. pillets femelles fertiles  glumes aristes <Plates 1:1, 2:15;
          Fig. 32>/
       2. pillets femelles fertiles  glumes inermes <Fig. 73>/
 
#177. <glumes de l'pillet femelle fertile carnes ou non>/
       1. pillets femelles fertiles  glumes uni-carnes jusqu'au milieu
          ou plus bas <Plates 1:5, 2:17; Figs 54, 67, 73, 89, 114>/
       2. pillets femelles fertiles  glumes non uni-carnes jusqu'au
          milieu <incluant les cas de glumes  plus d'une carne ou sans
          carne> <Plates 1:5, 1:7>/
 
#178. <prsence de glumes de l'pillet femelle fertile  carne aile>/
       1. pillets femelles fertiles  glumes ayant une carne mdiane
          nettement aile/
       2. pillets femelles fertiles  glumes sans carne mdiane aile/
 
#179. <glumes de l'pillet femelle fertile diffrant nettement par la forme
          ou la texture, ou non (ne pas tenir compte d'une diffrence de
          taille)>/
       1. pillets femelles fertiles  glumes trs diffrentes <prciser>
          <fig. 27>/
       2. pillets femelles fertiles  glumes <plus ou moins> semblables
          <fig. 29, 30, 40>/
 
#180. <TTT> lower glume <[Iin situ] length relative to upper glume of
          female-fertile spikelet: not recorded if glumes more or less
          equal>/
       times the length of the upper glume/
 
#181. <TTT> lower glume <length relative to lowest lemma: not widely
          recorded>/
       1. shorter than the lowest lemma/
       2. about equalling the lowest lemma/
       3. much exceeding the lowest lemma/
 
#182. <[IColpodium]/[ICatabrosa]>/
       1. glume infrieure beaucoup plus courte que la moiti du lemma le
          plus proche/
       2. glume infrieure plus longue que la moiti du lemma le plus
          proche/
 
#183. <prsence d'une glume infrieure bicarne chez les pillets femelles
          fertiles>/
       1. pillets femelles fertiles  glume infrieure nettement bicarne
          jusqu'au milieu ou plus bas/
       2. pillets femelles fertiles  glume infrieure non distinctement
          bicarne en bas du quart suprieur <XXimplicit, save in
          Andropogonodae>/
 
#184. <XX> <forme du dos de la glume infrieure des pillets femelles
          fertiles (recorded mainly for andropogonoids)>/
       1. glume infrieure des pillets femelles fertiles  dos convexe/
       2. glume infrieure des pillets femelles fertiles  dos aplati/
       3. glume infrieure des pillets femelles fertiles  dos concave
          <entre les carnes>/
       4. glume infrieure des pillets femelles fertiles  dos cannel/
 
#185. <prsence de dpressions bien marques sur la glume infrieure des
          pillets femelles fertiles femelles fertiles>/
       1. glume infrieure des pillets femelles fertiles portant des
          dpressions bien marques <1-3 dpressions, par ex. chez
          [IBothriochloa]. Non lacuneuses>/
       2. glume infrieure des pillets femelles fertiles sans dpressions/
 
#186. <XX> <texture de la glume infrieure des pillets femelles fertiles
          (intended mainly for andropogonoids)>/
       1. glume infrieure des pillets femelles fertiles lisse/
       2. glume infrieure des pillets femelles fertiles lacuneuse
          <portant de plus ou moins nombreuses dpressions profondes>/
       3. glume infrieure des pillets femelles fertiles rugueuse/
       4. glume infrieure des pillets femelles fertiles tubercule/
       5. glume infrieure des pillets femelles fertiles murique/
       6. glume infrieure des pillets femelles fertiles pineuse/
 
#187. glume infrieure des pillets femelles fertiles/
       nerve/
 
#188. <[ISacciolepis] glume suprieure sacciforme>/
       1. glume suprieure nettement sacciforme/
       2. glume suprieure non sacciforme/
 
#189. glume suprieure <ou la glume unique> des pillets femelles fertiles/
       nerve/
 
#190. upper glume <whether prickly>/
       1. prickly/
       2. not prickly <condition implicite>/
 
#191. <prsence d'pillets femelles fertiles contenant des fleurs striles
          ou mles en plus des fleurs femelles fertiles>/
       1. pillets femelles fertiles n'ayant <normalement> que des fleurs
          femelles fertiles/
       2. pillets femelles fertiles ayant <normalement> des fleurs
          striles ou mles en plus des fleurs femelles fertiles <Plates
          1:8, 2:10, 2:12, 2:13, 2:16; Figs 61, 64, 71, 78, 79>/
 
#192. <emplacement des fleurs incompltes (mles ou striles) dans
          l'pillet>/
       1. fleurs incompltes <mles ou striles> au-dessous des fleurs
          femelles fertiles <Plates 1:8, 2:12, 2:13, 2:16; Figs 64, 71,
          79>/
       2. fleurs incompltes <mles ou striles> au-dessus des fleurs
          femelles fertiles <Figs 61, 78>/
       3. fleurs incompltes <mles ou striles> au-dessous et au-dessus
          des fleurs femelles fertiles/
 
#193. <TTT> the distal incomplete florets <number: few data>/
 
#194. <spcialisation des fleurs distales des pillets femelles fertiles>/
       1. pillets femelles fertiles  fleurs distales en apparence
          simplement sous-dveloppes, <sans spcialisation ni modification
          de forme particulire>/
       2. pillets femelles fertiles  fleurs distales nettement
          spcialises ou de forme particulirement modifie/
 
#195. the distal incomplete florets <whether awned: data very incomplete>/
       1. awned <Fig. 78>/
       2. awnless/
 
#196. <prsence de fleurs proximales incompltes dans les pillets femelles
          fertiles (XXXa redundant character, but universally recorded and
          very useful for key-making)>/
       1. pillets femelles fertiles  fleurs proximales incompltes <y
          compris les lemmas vides> <Plates 1:8, 2:10, 2:12, 2:13, 2:16;
          Figs 64, 71, 79, 80, 84>/
       2. pillets femelles fertiles  fleurs proximales compltes/
 
#197. <XXX> pillets femelles fertiles a[Z`] <nombre de fleurs proximales
          incompltes> fleurs proximales incompltes/
 
#198. <TTT> the proximal incomplete florets <of the female-fertile
          spikelets, whether paleate>/
       1. paleate <Plate 2:13; Figs 71, 79, 80>/
       2. epaleate <Fig. 64>/
 
#199. <TTT> palea of the proximal incomplete florets <development>/
       1. fully developed <Fig. 84>/
       2. reduced <or vestigial> <Plate 2:13; Fig. 80>/
 
#200. <TTT> palea of the proximal incomplete florets <whether becoming
          hardened and enlarged laterally: Paniceae>/
       1. becoming conspicuously hardened and enlarged laterally/
       2. not becoming conspicuously hardened and enlarged laterally
          <condition implicite>/
 
#201. <fleurs proximales incompltes mles ou striles dans les pillets
          femelles fertiles>/
       1. pillets femelles fertiles  fleurs proximales incompltes mles
          <c.--d. partiellement striles> <Plate 2:13; Figs 71, 79, 80>/
       2. pillets femelles fertiles  fleurs proximales incompltes
          entirement striles <c.-.-d. pas de fleurs mles> <Plate 2:16>/
 
#202. the proximal <imperfect> lemmas <of the female-fertile spikelets:
          shape comments>/
 
#203. <fleurs proximales incompltes des pillets femelles fertiles 
          lemmas arists ou non>/
       1. fleurs proximales incompltes des pillets femelles fertiles 
          lemmas arists/
       2. fleurs proximales incompltes des pillets femelles fertiles 
          lemmas inermes/
 
#204. lemmas des fleurs proximales incompltes dans les pillets femelles
          fertiles (XXintended mainly for panicoids)/
       nervs/
 
#205. <longueur relative des lemmas des fleurs proximales incompltes par
          rapport aux lemmas des fleurs femelles fertiles dans l'pillet
          femelle fertile intact (XXintended mainly for panicoids)>/
       1. pillets femelles fertiles  lemmas proximales incompltes
          dpasss par ceux des fleurs femelles fertiles/
       2. pillets femelles fertiles  lemmas des fleurs proximales
          incompltes galant ceux des fleurs femelles fertiles/
       3. pillets femelles fertiles  lemmas des fleurs proximales
          incompltes dpassant nettement ceux des fleurs femelles
          fertiles/
 
#206. <fermet relative des lemmas proximaux (striles) par rapport aux
          lemmas des fleurs femelles fertiles dans l'pillet femelle
          fertile (intended mainly for panicoids)>/
       1. pillets femelles fertiles  lemmas des fleurs proximales
          incompltes moins fermes que ceux des fleurs femelles fertiles/
       2. pillets femelles fertiles  lemmas des fleurs proximales
          incompltes de mme texture que ceux des fleurs femelles
          fertiles/
       3. pillets femelles fertiles  lemmas des fleurs proximales
          incompltes nettement plus fermes que ceux des fleurs femelles
          fertiles/
 
#207. <lemmas des fleurs proximales incompltes dans les pillets femelles
          fertiles, devenant ou non indurs>/
       1. pillets femelles fertiles  lemmas des fleurs proximales
          incompltes devenant indurs/
       2. pillets femelles fertiles  lemmas des fleurs proximales
          incompltes ne devenant pas indurs/
 
#208. pillet femelle fertile a[Z`] <nombre de fleurs femelles fertiles>/
       de fleurs femelles fertiles/
 
#209. <TTT> <female-fertile> lemmas <insertion>/
       1. conspicuously non-distichous/
       2. not conspicuously non-distichous <condition implicite>/
 
#210. <TTT> <female-fertile> lemmas <shape comments>/
 
#211. <TTT> <female-fertile> lemmas <whether convolute>/
       1. convolute <and hiding the palea> <Fig. 85>/
       2. not convolute <implicit: but data not yet reliable>/
 
#212. <TTT> <female-fertile> lemmas <whether saccate>/
       1. saccate <Figs 81, 89>/
       2. not saccate <unreliably condition implicite>/
 
#213. lemmas <whether `crowned' [X_] cf. Barkworth 1990>/
       1. with am apical `crown'/
       2. without a crown <implicit>/
 
#214. <fermet relative des lemmas et des glumes des fleurs femelles
          fertiles>/
       1. lemmas des fleurs femelles fertiles moins fermes que "les glumes
          les plus fermes"/
       2. lemmas des fleurs femelles fertiles aussi fermes que "les glumes
          les plus fermes"/
       3. lemmas des fleurs femelles fertiles nettement plus fermes que
          "les glumes les plus fermes"/
 
#215. <texture des lemmas des fleurs femelles fertiles>/
       1. fleurs femelles fertiles  lemmas lisses/
       2. fleurs femelles fertiles  lemmas stris longitudinalement,
          <lgrement rugueux>/
       3. fleurs femelles fertiles  lemmas rugueux transversalement/
 
#216. <fleurs femelles fertiles  lemmas indurs ou non  maturit>/
       1. lemmas des fleurs femelles fertiles nettement indurs  maturit/
       2. lemmas des fleurs femelles fertiles non indurs <membraneux
          hyalins, coriaces, cartilagineux, etc.>  maturit/
 
#217. <TTT> <female-fertile> lemmas <of Paniceae, colour of mature L2: data
          from Webster 1986>/
       1. white in fruit/
       2. yellow in fruit/
       3. brown in fruit/
       4. black in fruit/
 
#218. <forme des apex des lemmas des fleurs femelles fertiles>/
       1. <XXX> apex des lemmas des fleurs femelles fertiles pas incise[Z']
          <Figs 91, 97>/
       2. apex des lemmas des fleurs femelles fertiles incis <Plate 2:18;
          Figs 66, 86, 87, 91>/
 
#219. <XXX> <forme des apex des lemmas des fleurs femelles fertiles>/
       1. apex des lemmas des fleurs femelles fertiles pointu <Fig. 97>/
       2. apex des lemmas des fleurs femelles fertiles mouss <Figs 88,
          101>/
 
#220. <TTT> <female-fertile> lemmas <number of lobes>/
       lobed/
 
#221. <lemmas des fleurs femelles fertiles profondment bifides ou non>/
       1. lemmas des fleurs femelles fertiles profondment bifides <XXto a
          third or more>/
       2. lemmas des fleurs femelles fertiles non profondment bifides/
 
#222. <TTT> <female-fertile> lemmas <whether crested, cf. [ICyrtococcum]>/
       1. crested at the tip <Fig. 89>/
       2. not crested <condition implicite>/
 
#223. <XXX> <lemmas inermes des fleurs femelles fertiles: mucrons,
          mutiques ou munis d'are[Z^]tes>/
       1. lemmas des fleurs femelles fertiles mutiques <ni mucrone[Z']s ni
          munis d'are[Z^]tes> <Figs 68, 71, 73, 89 etc.>/
       2. lemmas des fleurs femelles fertiles mucrons <on exclut les
          lemmas simplement pointus, acumins etc.> <Plate 2:16; Fig. 104>/
       3. au moins quelques lemmas de fleurs femelles fertiles munis
          d'artes <c.- -d. arte de plus de 1 mm> <Plates 1:5, 1:6, 2:18;
          Figs 56, 61, 66, 67, 85, 87, 90, 91, 114>/
 
#224. <TTT> awns <of female-fertile lemmas, form>/
       1. triple or trifid, commonly with a basal column <[IAristida] type>
          <Figs 92, 96>/
       2. not of the triple/trifid, basal column type <condition
          implicite>/
 
#225. <XXX> nombre des are[Z`]tes des lemmas des fleurs femelles fertiles
          <when lemmas awned>/
 
#226. <TTT> awns <of female-fertile lemmas, position>/
       1. median <Figs 56, 61, 67, 91>/
       2. median and lateral <Plate 2:18; Figs 66, 86, 87>/
       3. lateral only/
 
#227. <TTT> <the median> awns <whether different from the laterals in
          form>/
       1. different in form from the laterals <Figs 66, 86>/
       2. similar in form to the laterals <Plate 2:18; Fig. 87>/
 
#228. <emplacement de l'arte (principale, mdiane) du lemma de la fleur
          femelle fertile>/
       1. arte mdiane du lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles partant d'une
          encoche apicale <Figs 86, 91>/
       2. arte mdiane du lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles en position
          dorsale <Figs 56, 67, 90>/
       3. arte mdiane du lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles en position
          apicale <Plate 1:5; Figs 61, 85, 87, 91, 92, 96, 114>/
 
#229. <position de l'arte dorsale du lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles,
          prs du sommet ou plus bas>/
       1. arte dorsale du lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles prenant
          naissance dorsalement au quart suprieur, trs prs du sommet ou
          juste derrire l'encoche apicale/
       2. arte dorsale du lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles prenant
          naissance dorsalement  partir du milieu ou plus bas/
 
#230. <TTT> awns <of female-fertile lemmas, whether hooked (`uncinate')>/
       1. hooked/
       2. not hooked <condition implicite>/
 
#231. <arte du lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles gnicule ou non>/
       1. arte mdiane < l'tat sec> du lemma des fleurs femelles
          fertiles droite ou incurve, ni tordue ni gnicule <Plates 1:5,
          2:18; Figs 56, 61, 87>/
       2. arte miane < l'tat sec> du lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles
          tordue et (ou) gnicule <Figs 66, 67, 86, 90>/
 
#232. <TTT> awns <of female-fertile lemmas, when non-geniculate, shape>/
       1. straight/
       2. recurving/
       3. flexuous/
 
#233. <arte mdiane du lemma de la fleur femelle fertile, pubescente
          plumeuse ou non>/
       1. arte mdiane du lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles ni pubescente
          ni plumeuse <glabre ou scabre>/
       2. arte mdiane du lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles pubescente
          mais non plumeuse/
       3. arte mdiane du lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles longuement
          plumeuse/
 
#234. <longueur relative de l'arte mdiane du lemma des fleurs femelles
          fertiles>/
       1. arte <principale> mdiane beaucoup plus courte que le corps du
          lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles <Plate 1:5>/
       2. arte <principale> mdiane aussi longue ou un peu plus longue que
          le corps du lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles/
       3. arte <principale> mdiane beaucoup plus longue que le corps du
          lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles <Plates 1:6, 2:18; Figs 61,
          66, 67, 86, 87, 91>/
 
#235. <nombre de nervures rentrant dans l'arte mdiane du lemma des fleurs
          femelles fertiles>/
       1. une seule nervure rentrant dans l'arte mdiane du lemma des
          fleurs femelles fertiles/
       2. trois nervures ou davantage rentrant dans l'arte mdiane du
          lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles/
 
#236. <arte du lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles, caduque ou
          persistante>/
       1. arte du lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles caduque/
       2. arte du lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles persistante/
 
#237. <TTT> the lateral awns <relative length>/
       1. shorter than the median <in the intact spikelet> <Figs 66, 86>/
       2. about equalling the median/
       3. exceeding the median/
 
#238. <TTT> awn bases <of female-fertile lemmas, whether twisted: few
          data>/
       1. twisted/
       2. not twisted/
 
#239. <TTT> awn bases <of female-fertile lemmas, whether flattened: few
          data>/
       1. flattened/
       2. not flattened/
 
#240. <lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles nettement pubescent ou non>/
       1. lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles nettement pubescent <artes
          non comprises>/
       2. lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles non nettement pubescent
          <glabre,  poils courts ou pars, scabre ou pubrulent>/
 
#241. <XX> <disposition des poils sur les lemmas des fleurs femelles
          fertiles>/
       1. poils des lemmas des fleurs femelles fertiles groups en touffes
          distinctes/
       2. poils des lemmas des fleurs femelles fertiles non groups en
          touffes/
 
#242. <XX> <disposition des poils sur les lemmas des fleurs femelles
          fertiles>/
       1. poils des lemmas des fleurs femelles fertiles groups en lignes
          transversales/
       2. poils des lemmas des fleurs femelles fertiles non groups en
          lignes/
 
#243. <TTT> <female-fertile> lemmas <hairless, whether glabrous or
          scabrous>/
       1. glabrous/
       2. scabrous/
 
#244. <lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles  dos carn ou arrondi (c.--d.
          au moins jusqu' la rgion mdiane)>/
       1. lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles uni-carn dorsalement <Plate
          1:2; Figs 54, 68>/
       2. lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles non uni-carn dorsalement
          <arrondi, plat ou portant deux carnes ou plus> <Figs 82, 83, 86,
          90, 91>/
 
#245. <TTT> the <lemma> keel <whether winged: few records>/
       1. winged/
       2. wingless/
 
#246. <marges du lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles des type [IDigitaria]
          ou [IPaspalum] (intended for Paniceae)>/
       1. marges du lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles <au moins sur les
          desux tiers suprieurs> tales  plat par-dessus celles du palea
          (type [IDigitaria])/
       2. marges du lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles <au moins sur les
          deux tiers suprieurs> replies par-dessus celles du palea (type
          [IPaspalum])/
 
#247. <lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles avec ou sans languette
          germinative>/
       1. lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles pourvu d'une languette
          germinative <Figs 99, 100>/
       2. lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles sans languette germinative/
 
#248. lemma des fleurs femelles fertiles <nombre de nervures traversant la
          rgion mdiane>/
       nerv/
 
#249. <TTT> <female-fertile> lemmas <confluence of nerves: data very
          incomplete>/
       1. with the nerves confluent <i.e. merging, not merely convergent>
          towards the tip/
       2. with the nerves non-confluent <Fig. 101>/
 
#250. <prsence de palea dans les fleurs femelles fertiles>/
       1. palea prsent dans la fleur femelle fertile/
       2. palea absent dans la fleur femelle fertile/
 
#251. <XXX> palea de la fleur femelle fertile <taille relative>/
       1. atteignant les 3/4 ou plus du lemma <Plates 2:13, 2:16; Figs 102,
          104>/
       2. bien visible, mais plus court que les 3/4 du lemma, dans la fleur
          femelle fertile <Fig. 88>/
       3. rduit  l'tat vestigial dans la fleur femelle fertile/
 
#252. <TTT> palea <female-fertile, whether convolute>/
       1. convolute/
       2. not convolute <implicit: but data not yet reliable>/
 
#253. <TTT> palea <female-fertile, whether gaping: especially Aveneae>/
       1. gaping/
       2. tightly clasped by the lemma <not gaping>/
 
#254. palea <whether prow-tipped or `pinched'>/
       1. prow-tipped <`pinched'>/
       2. not prow-tipped <implicit>/
 
#255. <palea de la fleur femelle fertile dcoup ou non>/
       1. palea de la fleur femelle fertile entier/
       2. palea de la fleur femelle fertile  encoche apicale/
       3. palea de la fleur femelle fertile profondment bifide/
 
#256. <palea de la fleur femelle fertile muni d'artes ou de soies raides>/
       1. palea de la fleur femelle fertile inerme, sans soies apicales/
       2. palea de la fleur femelle fertile muni de soies apicales/
       3. palea de la fleur femelle fertile arist/
 
#257. <TTT> palea <texture: data very incomplete>/
       1. thinner than the lemma/
       2. textured like the lemma <Plates 2:11, 2:16; Figs 81, 97, 98>/
 
#258. <palea de la fleur femelle fertile indur ou non>/
       1. palea de la fleur femelle fertile indur/
       2. palea de la fleur femelle fertile non indur/
 
#259. <nombre de nervures du palea de la fleur femelle fertile>/
       1. palea de la fleur femelle fertile sans nervures/
       2. palea de la fleur femelle fertile  une seule nervure <ou  deux
          nervures trs rapproches l'une de l'autre>/
       3. palea de la fleur femelle fertile pourvu de deux nervures
          distinctes/
       4. palea de la fleur femelle fertile pourvu de trois nervures
          distinctes ou plus/
 
#260. <XX> <palea de la fleur femelle fertile,  dos unicare[Z']ne[Z'],
          bicarn ou arrondi>/
       1. palea de la fleur femelle fertile dorsalement non care[Z']ne[Z']/
       2. palea de la fleure femelle fertile a[Z`] dos unicare[Z']ne[Z']/
       3. palea de la fleur femelle fertile a[Z`] dos bicarn/
 
#261. <TTT> palea back <indumentum: as yet uncoded>/
       1. glabrous/
       2. scabrous/
       3. hairy/
 
#262. <TTT> palea keels <whether winged: data very incomplete>/
       1. winged <Figs 105, 106>/
       2. wingless <Fig. 102>/
 
#263. <TTT> palea keels <female-fertile, hairiness>/
       1. glabrous/
       2. scabrous <Fig. 105>/
       3. hairy <Figs 102, 103>/
 
#264. <prsence de lodicules dans la fleur femelle fertile>/
       1. fleur femelle fertile pourvue de lodicules/
       2. fleur femelle fertile sans lodicules/
 
#265. nombre de lodicules/
 
#266. <prsence ou absence d'une troisime lodicule dans la fleur femelle
          fertile>/
       1. troisime lodicule prsente/
       2. troisime lodicule absente/
 
#267. <lodicules de la fleur femelle fertile fusionnes ou non>/
       1. lodicules de la fleur femelle fertile en paires runies au moins
           la base/
       2. lodicules de la fleur femelle fertile libres/
 
#268. <lodicules de la fleur femelle fertile charnues ou membraneuses>/
       1. lodicules de la fleur femelle fertile charnues  leur extrmit
          distale <XXX cuneate; type paniccoide> <Figs 103, 106, 107, 109>/
       2. lodicules de la fleur femelle fertile membraneuses  leur
          extrmit distale <XXX type pooide> <Plate 2:14; Figs 108, 110,
          111>/
 
#269. <lodicules de la fleur femelle fertile pubescentes ou glabres>/
       1. lodicules de la fleur femelle fertile pubescentes ou cilies
          <Figs 103, 108, 110>/
       2. lodicules de la fleur femelle fertile glabres <Figs 106, 107,
          109, 111> <Figs 106, 107, 109, 111>/
 
#270. <lodicules membraneuses (fleurs femelles fertiles), denticules ou
          non>/
       1. lodicules de la fleur femelle fertile denticules/
       2. lodicules de la fleur femelle fertile non denticules/
 
#271. <XX> <vascularisation des lodicules (fleurs femelles fertiles). Note:
          this fairly unsatisfactory character is not equivalent to
          `presence or absence' of xylem>/
       1. lodicules de la fleur femelle fertile fortement vascularises/
       2. lodicules de la fleur femelle fertile peu ou pas vascularises
          <the usual condition>/
 
#272. <XXX> nombre d'tamines par fleur hermaphrodite <not applicable to
          male spikelets or male florets>/
 
#273. <filets des anthres libres ou fusionns>/
       1. tamines  filets libres <condition implicite>/
       2. tamines monadelphes/
       3. tamines diadelphes/
       4. tamines triadelphes/
 
#274. <TTT> <anthres of female-fertile florets, length: data very
          incomplete, unreliable for large genera>/
       mm de longeurs/
 
#275. <anthres pnicilles ou non>/
       1. anthres pnicilles/
       2. anthres non pnicilles/
 
#276. <connectif de l'anthre prolong ou non>/
       1. connectif de l'anthre prolong au sommet/
       2. connectif de l'anthre non prolong au sommet/
 
#277. <sommet de l'ovaire (fleur femelle fertile) glabre ou pubescent>/
       1. sommet de l'ovaire glabre <Plate 2:14; Figs 103, 106, 116, 118>/
       2. sommet de l'ovaire pubescent <Figs 110, 112, 115, 117>/
 
#278. <prsence d'appendice apical sur l'ovaire>/
       1. ovaire pourvu d'un appendice apical bien visible/
       2. ovaire sans appendice apical bien form <condition implicite>/
 
#279. <TTT> the <ovary> appendage <form: intended for bamboos>/
       1. long, stiff and tapering <[ISchizostachyum] type>/
       2. broadly conical, fleshy <[IBambusa] type>/
 
#280. <styles fusionns ou non>/
       1. styles fusionns au moins  la base <chaque stigmate reprsente
          un style>/
       2. styles libres jusqu' la base/
 
#281. <TTT> styles <fusion: as yet uncoded>/
       1. completely fused/
       2. joined below/
       3. free/
 
#282. <TTT> style bases <degree of separation: as yet uncoded>/
       1. adjacent/
       2. widely separated/
 
#283. nombre de stigmates/
 
#284. <coloration des stigmates (pillets chasmogames)>/
       1. pillets chasmogames  stigmates blancs <Plates 1:2, 1:5, 1:7,
          2:14; Figs 110, 111, 115>/
       2. pillets chasmogames  stigmates ross, rouges, pourpres ou noirs
          <XXXred (anthocyanin) pigmented: i.e. red, pink, purple or black>
          <Plates 1:3, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8, 2:10 etc.; Figs 79, 107>/
       3. pillets chasmogames  stigmates brun dor <Plate 2:12>/
 
#285. <TTT> disseminule <constitution: data not yet entered>/
       1. a naked seed/
       2. a free caryopsis/
       3. a caryopsis enclosed in but free of the lemma and palea/
       4. a caryopsis enclosed within and partially fused with the lemma
          and palea/
       5. consisting of the abscised spikelet/
       6. consisting of the abscised spikelet and its pedicel/
       7. comprising the rachis segment and associated structures/
       8. consisting of the disarticulated spikelet-bearing inflorescence
          unit/
       9. constituted by the complete, deciduous inflorescence/
 
#286. <adhrence du fruit>/
       1. fruit adhrant au lemma ou au palea/
       2. fruit dgag du lemma et du palea/
 
#287. <longueur totale du fruit  maturit>/
       1. fruit court (moins de 4 mm de longueur)/
       2. fruit moyen (4[M -] 10 mm de longueur)/
       3. fruit de grande taille (plus de 10 mm de longueur)/
 
#288. <TTT> fruit <colour: few data>/
 
#289. <TTT> fruit <shape>/
       1. linear/
       2. fusiform/
       3. banana-shaped/
       4. ellipsoid <Fig. 121>/
       5. subglobose/
       6. pyriform/
 
#290. <fruit cannel ou non sur la longueur>/
       1. fruit longitudinalement cannel/
       2. fruit non cannel longitudinalement <cylindrique, de section
          triangulaire, etc. prciser>/
 
#291. <plan de compression du fruit>/
       1. fruit comprim latralement/
       2. fruit comprim <dorsalement, ventralement ou> dorsiventralement/
       3. fruit non distinctement comprim/
       4. XXfruit trigoneuse/
 
#292. <TTT> fruit <indumentum: as yet uncoded>/
       1. glabrous/
       2. scabrous/
       3. hairy/
 
#293. <disposition des poils sur le fruit>/
       1. pubescence du fruit rduite  une touffe terminale/
       2. pubescence du fruit rpartie sur toute sa surface/
 
#294. <surface du fruit sculpte ou non>/
       1. surface du fruit sculpte <Fig. 127>/
       2. surface du fruit unie <condition implicite> <Figs 121[X-]126>/
 
#295. <forme du hile du fruit>/
       1. fruit  hile ponctiforme ou en ellipse courte <moins de la moiti
          de la longueur du fruit> <Figs 122, 124>/
       2. fruit  hile plus ou moins linaire <plus de la moiti de la
          longueur du fruit> <Figs 121, 123>/
 
#296. <type de fruit>/
       1. fruit  pricarpe membraneux <XX> <= thin (the usual
          condition)?>/
       2. fruit  pricarpe indur/
       3. fruit: une baie/
 
#297. <XXX> pricarpe adhrent, soud ou se de[Z']gageant/
       1. pricarpe libre <Figs 119, 120>/
       2. pe[Z']ricarpe se dgageant quand le fruit est mouill <XXXloosely
          adherent, fairly easily removable when soaked>/
       3. pricarpe soud <implicit, except in Arundinoideae and
          Chloridoideae> <Figs 121[X-]126>/
 
#298. <taille relative de l'embryon>/
       1. embryon de grande taille, au moins le tiers de la longueur du
          fruit/
       2. embryon petit, moins du tiers de la longueur du fruit/
 
#299. <embryon avec ou sans tranglement>/
       1. embryon montrant un tranglement quand vu de face/
       2. embryon sans tranglement/
 
#300. <graine albumine ou non>/
       1. graine albumine <condition implicite>/
       2. graine non albumine <XXi.e. endosperm greatly reduced in the
          mature fruit: confined to some bamboos, where the condition is
          sometimes described as "liquid">/
 
#301. <endosperme liquide ou solide dans le fruit mu[Z^]r>/
       1. endosperme liquide (mou ou laiteux)  maturit/
       2. endosperme solide  maturit/
 
#302. <endosperme contenant ou non des lipides>/
       1. endosperme contenant des lipides/
       2. endosperme dpourvu de lipides/
 
#303. <grains d'amidon de l'endosperme, simples ou composs>/
       1. endosperme  grains d'amidon simples exclusivement, chacun pourvu
          d'un seul hile/
       2. endosperme contenant au moins quelques grains d'amidon composs
          dont au moins certains ont deux hiles ou plus/
 
#304. <prsence ou absence d'piblaste>/
       1. embryon pourvu d'un piblaste/
       2. embryon sans piblaste/
 
#305. <prsence ou absence d'appendice scutellaire dans l'embryon>/
       1. embryon pourvu d'un appendice scutellaire/
       2. embryon sans appendice scutellaire/
 
#306. <longueur relative de l'entrenoeud du msocotyle de l'embryon>/
       1. msocotyle de l'embryon  entrenoeud allong/
       2. msocotyle de l'embryon  entrenoeud court/
 
#307. <TTT> embryo <number of scutellum bundles>/
       1. with one scutellum bundle <Fig. 131>/
       2. with more than one scutellum bundle/
 
#308. <marges des feuilles embryonnaires jointives ou chevauchantes>/
       1. marges des feuilles embryonnaires jointives/
       2. marges des feuilles embryonnaires chevauchantes/
 
#309. <longueur relative du msocotyle de la plantule (the compiled data
          probably unreliable, because germination conditions should be
          standardized)>/
       1. plantule  msocotyle court/
       2. plantule  msocotyle long/
 
#310. <coloptile lche ou densment serr>/
       1. plantule  coloptile lche/
       2. plantule  coloptile compact/
 
#311. <prsence de limbe sur la premire feuille de la plantule>/
       1. premire feuille de la plantule possdant un limbe bien
          dvelopp/
       2. premire feuille de la plantule sans limbe/
 
#312. <limbe de la premire feuille de la plantule large ou troit>/
       1. limbe de la premire feuille de la plantule large <rapport
          longueur/largeur infrieur  20>/
       2. limbe de la premire feuille de la plantule troit <rapport
          longueur/largeur gal ou suprieur  20>/
 
#313. <port de la premire feuille de la plantule>/
       1. premire feuille de la plantule rige/
       2. premire feuille de la plantule recourbe/
       3. premire feuille de la plantule rsupine/
 
#314. premire feuille de la plantule/
       nerve/
 
#315. micropyle <whether oblique>/
       1. <detectably> oblique <curving away from the floral axis>/
       2. not noticeably oblique/
 
#316. outer integument <completeness>/
       1. extensive, being absent only from the micropylar region/
       2. covering no more than the chalazal half of the ovule <or reduced
          to a collar at the base of the ovule on the side of its
          attachment to the placenta>/
 
#317. outer integument <thickening around micropyle>/
       1. more than two cells thick at the micropylar margin/
       2. two cells thick at the micropylar margin/
 
#318. inner integument <whether complete>/
       1. discontinuous distally <via a broad or expanded micropyle>/
       2. continuous, the micropyle constricted/
 
#319. inner integument <thickening around the micropyle>/
       1. <at least somewhat> thickened around the micropyle <more than two
          cells thick>/
       2. not thickened around the micropyle <only one or two cells thick>/
 
#320. synergids <haustorial or not>/
       1. haustorial/
       2. not haustorial/
 
#321. synergids <starch>/
       1. exhibiting large, globular starch grains/
       2. without large, globular starch grains <these absent, or if
          present very finely granular>/
 
#322. <piderme abaxial du limbe foliaire manifestant ou non un zonage
          costal[O/] intercostal>/
       1. piderme abaxial du limbe foliaire montrant un net zonage
          costal/intercostal/
       2. piderme abaxial du limbe foliaire ne montrant pas de zonage
          costal/intercostal/
 
#323. <piderme abaxial papilleux ou non>/
       1. piderme abaxial papilleux <fig. 13, 14>/
       2. piderme abaxial non papilleux <fig. 15, 16>/
 
#324. <TTT> <leaf blade abaxial epidermal> papillae <general location: data
          very incomplete>/
       1. costal <Figs 153, 160>/
       2. intercostal <Plate 3:22; Figs 151[X-]153, 160>/
 
#325. <papilles abaxiales formant vou[Z^]te au-dessus des stomates>/
       1. papilles abaxiales frquemment formant vou[Z^]te au-dessus des
          stomates <du moins  une extrmit>/
       2. papilles abaxiales ne formant pas vou[Z^]te au-dessus des
          stomates/
 
#326. <forme des papilles de l'piderme abaxial>/
       1. papilles de l'piderme abaxial formes d'un seul renflement
          oblique par cellule/
       2. papilles de l'piderme abaxial formes d'une seul appendice
          conique ou digitiforme par cellule/
       3. papilles de l'piderme abaxial deux et plus par cellule <formes
          varies>/
 
#327. <forme compare des cellules longues costales et intercostales>/
       1. cellules longues costales et intercostales de forme semblable/
       2. cellules longues costales et intercostales de forme diffrente/
 
#328. <paisseur relative des parois des cellules longues costales et
          intercostales>/
       1. parois des cellules longues costales et intercostales de mme
          paisseur/
       2. parois des cellules longues costales et intercostales d'paisseur
          nettement differente/
 
#329. <XX> <zones intercostales comportant ou non des cellules longues
          (`long-cells') typiques>/
       1. zones intercostales comportant des cellules longues typiques
          <implicit when epidermis adequately described>/
       2. zones intercostales montrant beaucoup de cellules longues/
       3. zones intercostales sans cellules longues typiques <comportant de
          nombreuses cellules longues relativement courtes>/
 
#330. <forme des cellules longues abaxiales du milieu des zones
          intercostales>/
       1. cellules longues intercostales centrales plus ou moins
          rectangulaires/
       2. cellules longues intercostales centrales fusiformes ou rtrcies
          aux extrmits/
 
#331. <XX> <parois des cellules longues intercostales (when viewed in outer
          optical section) droites ou sinueuses>/
       1. parois des cellules longues intercostales nettement sinueuses <ne
          pas tenir compte des cellules en bordure des nervures>/
       2. parois de cellules longues intercostales droites ou lgrement
          ondules/
 
#332. <prsence de poils bicellulaires (`microhairs') sur l'piderme
          abaxial du limbe foliaire>/
       1. piderme abaxial du limbe foliaire  poils bicellulaires
          prsents/
       2. piderme abaxial du limbe foliaire dpourvu de poils
          bicellulaires/
 
#333. <TTT> microhairs <of abaxial leaf blade epidermis, shape>/
       1. more or less spherical/
       2. elongated <to become condition implicite>/
 
#334. <TTT> microhairs <of abaxial leaf blade epidermis, number of cells
          visible>/
       1. ostensibly one-celled <usually indicative of a sunken basal
          cell>/
       2. clearly two-celled <to become condition implicite>/
       3. uniseriate/
 
#335. <forme des poils bicellulaires>/
       1. poils bicellulaires de type panicode <la cellule distale est 
          parois minces et  bords plus ou moins parallles ou se
          rapprochant graduellement, elle est souvent endommage ou
          perdue>/
       2. poils bicellulaires de type chloridode <la cellule distale est
          renfle ou plus ou moins hmisphrique, relativement courte, 
          parois plus paisses que chez le type panicode et persistante>/
       3. poils bicellulaires de type [IEnneapogon] <la cellule basale est
          trs longue et la distale relativement courte et renfle>/
 
#336. <abaxial leaf blade> microhair apical cell wall <thickness/firmness
          relative to that of the basal cell> <recorded only for
          Chloridoideae>/
       1. thinner than that of the basal cell and often collapsed/
       2. thinner than that of the basal cell, but not tending to collapse/
       3. of similar thickness/rigidity as that of the basal cell/
 
#337. <TTT> microhairs <whether with `partitioning membranes>/
       1. with `partitioning membranes'/
       2. without `partitioning membranes'/
 
#338. <TTT> the `partitioning membranes' <location>/
       1. in the basal cell/
       2. in the apical cell/
 
#339. <TTT> microhairs <of abaxial leaf blade, total external length: for
          species sample, see attached list plus Metcalfe 1960>/
       microns long/
 
#340. <abaxial leaf blade> microhair basal cells <length> <recorded only
          for Chloridoideae>/
       microns long/
 
#341. <TTT> microhairs <of abaxial leaf blade, width at the septum: for
          species sample, see attached list>/
       microns wide at the septum/
 
#342. <TTT> microhair total length/width at septum <for species sample, see
          attached list. Useful ranges: 0.5[X-]1.5 (more or less
          spherical); 1.5[X-]3 (decidedly plump); 3[X-]8 (narrow); 8[X-]40
          (very narrow)>/
 
#343. <TTT> microhair apical cells <of abaxial leaf blade, length: for
          species sample, see the attached list plus Metcalfe 1960>/
       microns long/
 
#344. <TTT> microhair apical cell/total length ratio <for species sample,
          see attached list plus Metcalfe 1960. Useful approximations:
          0[X-]0.3 (a.c. markedly shorter than b.c.); 0.3[X-]0.7 (a.c. and
          b.c. about equal); 0.7[X-]1.0 (a.c. markedly longer than b.c.)>/
 
#345. <prsence de stomates sur la face abaxiale du limbe>/
       1. stomates abaxiaux frquents/
       2. stomates abaxiaux absents, trs rares ou trs localiss/
 
#346. <TTT> stomata <of the abaxial leaf blade, end to end guard cell
          length: for species sample, see attached list>/
       microns long/
 
#347. <TTT> <stomatal> subsidiaries <of the abaxial leaf blade, whether
          papillate: data not comprehensively checked>/
       1. papillate <Fig. 139>/
       2. non-papillate <Figs 140, 152, 153>/
 
#348. <XX> <cellules auxiliaires triangulaires, rubannes (=  bords
          parallles) ou do[Z^]me[Z']es (`dome-shaped') sur la face
          abaxiale du limbe foliaire>/
       1. piderme abaxial de la feuille montrant des cellules auxiliaires
          des cellules auxiliaires rubannes (=  bords parallles)/
       2. piderme abaxial de la feuille montrant des cellules auxiliaires
          do[Z^]me[Z']es/
       3. piderme abaxial de la feuille montrant des cellules auxiliaires
          triangulaires/
 
#349. <cellules auxiliaires triangulaires et cellules auxiliaires rubannes
          (=  bords parallles) se retrouvant couramment en position
          abaxiale sur la mme feuille>/
       1. piderme abaxial de la feuille comportant en association des
          cellules auxiliaires triangulaires et des cellules auxiliaires
          rubannes (=  bords parallles)/
       2. piderme abaxial de la feuille ne montrant que des cellules
          auxiliaires triangulaires ou bien des cellules auxiliaires
          rubannes (=  bords parallles)/
 
#350. <cellules de garde des stomates abaxiaux surplombes ou non par les
          cellules interstomatiques>/
       1. cellules de garde des stomates abaxiaux surplombes par les
          cellules interstomatiques/
       2. cellules de garde des stomates abaxiaux jointives avec les
          cellules interstomatiques/
 
#351. <prsence/[O ]abondance de cellules courtes (`short-cells')
          intercostales en position abaxiale>/
       1. cellules courtes frquentes entre les nervures en position
          abaxiale/
       2. cellules courtes absentes ou trs rares entre les nervures en
          position abaxiale <les poils et les aiguillons ne sont pas
          considrs comme des cellules courtes>/
 
#352. intercostal short cells <in the abaxial leaf blade epidermis,
          presence/distribution> <recorded only for Chloridoideae>/
       1. absent/
       2. irregularly dispersed/
       3. regularly alternating with the long cells/
 
#353. <assemblage des cellules courtes (`short-cells') abaxiales
          intercostales>/
       1. cellules courtes abaxiales intercostales groupes en paires
          subro-siliceuses/
       2. cellules courtes abaxiales intercostales non groupes en paires
          subro-siliceuses/
 
#354. <cellules courtes abaxiales (`short-cells') intercostales silicifies
          ou non>/
       1. cellules courtes abaxiales intercostales silicifies/
       2. cellules courtes abaxiales intercostales non silicifies/
 
#355. intercostal silica bodies <in the abaxial leaf blade epidermis>
          <recorded only for Chloridoideae>/
       1. absent/
       2. imperfectly developed/
       3. present and perfectly developed/
 
#356. <TTT> intercostal silica bodies <shape: data in process of
          organization, and not yet reliable>/
       1. rounded <currently including `oblong' and `elliptic'>/
       2. crescentic/
       3. tall-and-narrow/
       4. acutely-angled/
       5. cross-shaped/
       6. vertically elongated-nodular <= vertically elongated-crenate,
          `olyroid-type'>/
       7. saddle shaped/
       8. oryzoid-type/
       9. <more or less> cubical/
 
#357. <TTT> <comments on macrohairs and prickles of the abaxial epidermis
          of the leaf blade>/
 
#358. <cellules couronnes (`crown cells') abaxiales prsentes ou absentes
          dans les zones costales, intercostales ou marginales>/
       1. cellules couronnes abaxiales prsentes/
       2. cellules couronnes abaxiales absentes/
 
#359. <TTT> costal zones <of the abaxial leaf blade epidermis, possession
          of short-cells>/
       1. with short-cells <implicit when epidermis adequately described>/
       2. without short-cells/
 
#360. <disposition des cellules courtes abaxiales costales du limbe
          foliaire>/
       1. cellules courtes abaxiales costales principalement groupes en
          longues files de cinq et plus <les aiguillons et les poils ne
          sont pas des cellules courtes>/
       2. cellules courtes abaxiales costales surtout groupes en paires/
       3. cellules courtes abaxiales costales <isoles, deux par deux, ou
          en files courtes> ni <surtout> en paires, ni en longues files/
 
#361. <XXX> costal silica bodies <of the abaxial leaf blade epidermis,
          presence>/
       1. present and well developed/
       2. poorly developed/
       3. absent/
 
#362. costal silica-bodies <distribution in the abaxial leaf blade
          epidermis, when present> <recorded only for Chloridoideae>/
       1. present throughout the costal zones/
       2. confined to the outer files of the costal zones/
       3. confined to the central files of the costal zones/
       4. present in alternate cell files of the costal zones/
 
#363. <XX> <formes des corpuscules silicieux abaxials costales du limbe
          foliaire (preponderance often stated in data comments)>/
       1. nervures portant des corpuscules siliceux allongs, sinueux ou
          crnels en position abaxiale <pooid type>/
       2. corpuscules siliceux lisses allongs horizontalement prsents sur
          les nervures en position abaxiale/
       3. corpuscules siliceux arrondis ou ovales prsents sur les nervures
          en position abaxiale/
       4. nervures portant en position abaxiale des corpuscules siliceux en
          forme de selle/
       5. corpuscules siliceux grles prsents sur les nervures en position
          abaxiale/
       6. corpuscules siliceux en croissant prsents sur les nervures en
          position abaxiale/
       7. corpuscules siliceux oryzodes prsents sur les nervures en
          position abaxiale/
       8. nervures portant en position abaxiale des corpuscules siliceux
          cruciformes, en forme d 'haltre ou nodulaires <panicoid type>/
       9. corpuscules siliceux  angles aigus prsents sur les nervures en
          position abaxiale <[IIsachne] type>/
       10. rounded to upright-ovoid, with a raised prickly belt around the
          equator <`[IScrotochloa]-type'>/
 
#364. <TTT> costal silica bodies <panicoid, shape: variation likely to be
          underestimated [X_] for identification, recommend MATCH I O U and
          1[X-]3/4 or 1[X-]2/2[X-]3/4>/
       1. cross shaped <Figs 143, 145, 164, 174, 180>/
       2. butterfly shaped <short dumb-bells with indented ends,
          intermediate between cross- and dumb-bell shaped, etc.> <Figs
          143, 145, 177>/
       3. dumb-bell shaped <Plate 3:21, 22; Figs 141, 143, 145, 152, 156,
          177, 185>/
       4. nodular <Figs 140, 149, 152, 156,176>/
 
#365. <TTT> costal silica bodies <of the abaxial leaf blade epidermis,
          presence of sharp points; including but not exclusively
          `acutely-angled' and `[IIsachne]-type' [Isensu] Metcalfe>/
       1. <conspicuously> sharp-pointed <Figs 146, 161, 164, 173, 181>/
       2. not sharp-pointed <implicit when epidermis adequately described>/
 
#366. <TTT> leaf blades <whether the mid-laminar region consists largely of
          midrib>/
       1. <mainly> consisting of <reasonably interpretable as> midrib/
       2. `laminar' <rather than consisting (largely) of midrib> <condition
          implicite>/
 
#367. lamina mid-zone in transverse section <shape> <recorded only for
          Chloridoideae>/
       1. open <exhibiting infolding or inrolling only under conditions of
          water stress>/
       2. infolded permanently <involving modified internal structure;
          involving some `acicular', `setaceous', `filiform' and
          `junciform' types>/
       3. terete <involving some `acicular' and `junciform' types>/
 
#368. lamina mid-zone in transverse section <adaxial outline of permanently
          infolded leaves, excluding terete blades> <recorded only for
          Chloridoideae>/
       1. V-shaped/
       2. U-shaped/
       3. circular <disregarding adaxial channel>/
       4. triangular <base broad on either side of median bundle>/
 
#369. the adaxial channel <of the lamina, in transverse sections of
          permanently infolded leaves, excluding `circular' forms>
          <recorded only for Chloridoideae>/
       1. parallel-sided, with a digitate base/
       2. irregularly furrowed/
       3. rounded/
       4. triangular/
       5. reduced to a small groove/
 
#370. <XXX> <`numration maximale de cellules' dans les coupes
          transversales des limbes des feuilles (`maximum cells-distant
          count', qui pre[Z']dit avec exactitude les voies
          photosynthetiques (voir Hattersley et Watson 1975)>/
       1. <coupe transversale du limbe montrant `un compte maximal de
          cellules' de un: prdit avec exactitude> C[v4] <Plates 3:23,
          3:24; Figs 187, 188, 192[X-]196, 198, 207[X-]213, 222,
          224[X-]226>/
       2. <coupe transversale du limbe montrant `un compte maximal de
          cellules' de deux ou plus: prdit avec exactitude> C[v3] <Plates
          3:25, 3:26; Figs 189[X-]191, 197, 216, 218, 219, 223, 227>/
 
#371. <TTT> the <C[v]4> anatomical organization <of the leaf blade, whether
          conventional>/
       1. conventional <Plates 3:23, 3:24; Figs 187[X-]188, 192[X-]196,
          210, 212, 222> <implicit when ts adequately described>/
       2. unconventional <Figs 198, 208[X-]209, 211, 213>/
 
#372. <TTT> organization of <leaf blade> PCR tissue <when unconventional>/
       1. [ITriodia] type <with the PCR cells forming a layer draping (at
          least in places) from one bundle to the next, rather than
          constituting discrete bundle sheaths> <Figs 198, 213>/
       2. [IAlloteropsis] type <with two bundle sheaths, the inner being
          PCR> <Figs 208, 209>/
       3. [IAristida] type <the PCR cells constituting a double bundle
          sheath>/
       4. [IArundinella] type <with single PCR files or groups in the
          mesophyll, in addition to the conventional PCR sheath> <Fig.
          211>/
 
#373. C[v4] type biochemique <XXXas determined by enzyme assay: see Hatch
          and Kagawa 1974, Gutierrez et al. 1974(a) and 1974(b), Hatch,
          Kagawa and Craig 1975, and Prendergast, Hattersley and Stone
          1987. Species samples in parentheses>/
       1. PCK/
       2. NAD[X-]ME/
       3. NADP[X-]ME/
 
#374. <XXX> <type XyMS du limbe foliaire: pre[Z']dit avec exactitude les
          types C[v4] biochemiques. Ascertainable from primary vascular
          bundles only [X_] see Character Note>/
       1. XyMS+ <C[v3], or C[v4] `aspartate formers' type PCK ou NAD[X-]ME
          (tribu exceptionelle: Eriachneae)> <Plates 3:24[X-]26; Figs 187,
          189[X-]193, 195[X-]198, 203[X-]205, 212, 214, 220, 223, 224>/
       2. XyMS[X-] <C[v4] `malate formers', type NADP[X-]ME> <Plate 3:23;
          Figs 188, 199, 208, 209, 222>/
 
#375. <TTT> <leaf blade> PCR sheath outlines <in C[v4] forms> <data
          extensively from Ellis 1977, and Prendergast and Hattersley
          1987>/
       1. uneven <PCK or `PCK-like', Figs 187, 193[X-]195, 207, 210>/
       2. even <NAD-ME or `NAD-ME-like'> <Figs 188, 192, 196, 212>/
 
#376. PCR sheaths of the primary vascular bundles <of the leaf blades,
          whether interrupted> <recorded only for Chloridoideae>/
       1. complete/
       2. interrupted/
 
#377. PCR sheaths of the primary <leaf blade> vascular bundles <how
          interrupted> <recorded only for Chloridoideae>/
       1. interrupted abaxially only/
       2. interrupted adaxially only/
       3. interrupted both abaxially and adaxially/
       4. interrupted mid-way <e.g. [IDesmostachya]>/
 
#378. <TTT> <leaf blade> PCR sheath extensions <presence> <data mainly from
          Prendergast 1987>/
       1. present <in at least some veins> <Figs 187, 193, 207>/
       2. absent <Figs 194[X-]196>/
 
#379. <TTT> maximum number of <leaf blade PCR sheath> extension cells <data
          mainly from Prendergast 1987>/
 
#380. <TTT> <leaf blade> PCR cells <of C[v4] forms, presence of a suberised
          lamella> <cf. Hattersley and Browning 1981>/
       1. with a suberised lamella <Figs 199[X-]203>/
       2. without a suberised lamella <Figs 204[X-]206>/
 
#381. <TTT> <leaf blade> PCR cell chloroplasts <of C[v4] forms, shape>
          <data from Prendergast 1987, Prendergast, Hattersley and Stone
          1987>/
       1. ovoid <Figs 193, 195>/
       2. elongated <Figs 194, 196, 205, 206>/
 
#382. <TTT> <leaf blade> PCR cell chloroplasts <of C[v4] forms, whether
          granal. See Gutierrez et al. 1974, Carolin et al. 1973,
          Hattersley and Browning 1981>/
       1. with well developed grana <Figs 204[X-]206>/
       2. with reduced grana <Figs 199[X-]203>/
 
#383. <TTT> <leaf blade> PCR cell chloroplasts <position. Data extensively
          from Ellis 1977, Brown 1960, Prendergast and Hattersley 1987>/
       1. centrifugal/peripheral <sometimes NAD-ME, more often indicative
          of NADP[X-]ME or PCK> <Plate 3:23; Figs 193, 195, 199,
          201[X-]203>/
       2. centripetal <NAD[X-]ME: predominant in arid and semiarid species>
          <Figs 192, 194, 196, 204[X-]206>/
 
#384. <TTT> <leaf blade> PBS cells <of C[v3] forms, presence of suberised
          lamella>/
       1. with a suberised lamella/
       2. without a suberised lamella/
 
#385. <XX> <chlorenchyme rayonnant ou non autour des faisceaux vasculaires
          (an ill-defined feature, not reliably indicative of
          photosynthetic pathway>/
       1. msophylle  chlorenchyme rayonnant plus ou moins nettement
          autour des faisceaux vasculaires en coupe traversale/
       2. msophylle  chlorenchyme non rayonnant/
 
#386. <prsence ou absence d'une nette zone palissadique adaxiale dans le
          limbe foliaire>/
       1. msophylle pourvu d'une nette zone palissadique adaxiale/
       2. msophylle sans zone palissadique adaxiale/
 
#387. <prsence ou absence de msophylle de type [IIsachne]>/
       1. msophylle de type [IIsachne] prsent/
       2. msophylle de type [IIsachne] absent/
 
#388. <XX> <prsence de "cellules circulaires" (cellules PCR (chlorenchyme
          rayonnant) isoles ou groupes de cellules)>/
       1. "cellules circulaires" prsentes dans le msophylle/
       2. "cellules circulaires" absentes du msophylle <implicit when ts
          adequately described>/
 
#389. <XX> <groupes de cellules achromes traversant ou non l'paisseur de
          la feuille>/
       1. au moins quelques colonnes de cellules achromes traversant le
          msophylle de l'piderme adaxial  l'piderme abaxial/
       2. aucune colonne de cellules achromes traversant le msophylle
          <implicit when ts adequately described>/
 
#390. <XXX> <prsence ou absence de cellules  parois invagines
          (`arm-cells', `ratchet-cells') dans le msophylle>/
       1. msophylle pourvue de cellules chlorophylliennes  parois
          invagines <Figs 213, 215, 216>/
       2. msophylle sans cellules chlorophylliennes  parois invagines
          <implicit when ts adequately described>/
 
#391. <XXX> <prsence ou absence de cellules fusiformes dans le
          msophylle>/
       1. cellules fusiformes prsentes dans le msophylle <Figs 214,
          216[X-]220>/
       2. cellules fusiformes absentes du msophylle <implicit when ts
          adequately described>/
 
#392. <cellules fusiformes faisant partie des gaines de faisceaux
          parenchymateuses ("PBS")>/
       1. cellules fusiformes faisant partie intgrante des gaines de
          faisceaux parenchymateuses/
       2. cellules fusiformes  l'extrieur des gaines de faisceaux
          parenchymateuses (mais contigus)/
 
#393. <prsence et forme des nervures sur les limbes foliaires>/
       1. limbes foliaires montrant des nervures nettes en position
          adaxiale seulement/
       2. limbes foliaires d'aspect nodulaire en coupe transversale/
       3. limbes foliaires non c"tels (ne pas tenir compte de la nervure
          mdiane) ou munis de nervures abaxiales seulement/
 
#394. <dimensions relatives des nervures adaxiales des limbes foliaires>/
       1. limbe foliaire  nervures adaxiales de taille plus ou moins
          rgulire/
       2. limbe foliaire  nervures adaxiales de taille trs irrgulire
          (c.--d. deux ou plus de deux ordres de grandeur) <ne pas tenir
          compte de la nervure mdiane>/
 
#395. <XXX> <dgagement de la nervure mdiane>/
       1. nervure mdiane bien en vidence en coupe transversale <Plate
          3:25; Figs 221, 222>/
       2. nervure mdiane ne se distinguant pas facilement des autres
          nervures en coupe transversale <other than by its position>/
 
#396. <XXX> <vascularisation de la nervure mdiane>/
       1. nervure mdiane comportant un seul faisceau vasculaire/
       2. nervure mdiane  plusieurs de faisceaux <trois faisceaux ou
          plus> disposs en arc classique/
       3. nervure mdiane  vascularisation complexe (c.--d.  deux
          faisceaux ou plus non disposs en arc classique)/
 
#397. <XXX> <moiti adaxiale de la nervure mdiane (and/or middle part of
          leaf blade) form ou non de cellules achromes>/
       1. partie adaxiale de la nervure mdiane <and/or middle part of leaf
          blade> forme de cellules achromes <Fig. 222>/
       2. partie adaxiale de la nervure mdiane sans cellules achromes
          <condition implicite>/
 
#398. <TTT> the lamina <in transverse section, symmetry around the midrib>/
       1. distinctly asymmetrical on either side of the midrib <usually
          involving marked asymmetry in the ribbing and/or the form of the
          margin; e.g. as in many bamboos>/
       2. symmetrical on either side of the midrib/
 
#399. <prsence ou absence de groupes adaxiaux discontinus de cellules
          bulliformes (ne pas tenir compte des "charnires" de la nervure
          mdiane)>/
       1. cellules bulliformes prsentes en groupes adaxiaux discontinus
          rguliers/
       2. cellules bulliformes absentes ou ne formant pas de groupes
          adaxiaux discontinus rguliers, c.--d. exclusivement en groupes
          irrguliers, ou formant apparemment la plus grande partie de
          l'piderme/
 
#400. the bulliform groups <in the adaxial epidermis, excluding `hinges',
          whether associated with colourless mesophyll cells> <recorded
          only for Chloridoideae>/
       1. not associated with colourless mesophyll cells/
       2. associated with colourless mesophyll cells/
 
#401. <groupes bulliformes, figures: states 2-4 are better defined and more
          reliable for identification than state 1>/
       1. au moins quelques cellules bulliformes groupes en ventails
          simples <sans cellules associes achromes>/
       2. au moins quelques cellules bulliformes et cellules achromes
          groupes en ventails profonds/
       3. au moins quelques cellules bulliformes et cellules achromes
          groupes en bandes troites pntrant dans le msophylle/
 
#402. <cellules bulliformes et cellules associes achromes formant ou non
          des arcs>/
       1. cellules bulliformes et cellules associes achromes formant
          parfois des arcs au-dessus des petits faisceaux vasculaires/
       2. pas de formation d'arcs de cellules bulliformes et achromes/
 
#403. <prsence de petits faisceaux vasculaires non accompagns de
          sclrenchyme foliaire>/
       1. la plupart des petits faisceaux vasculaires non accompagns de
          sclrenchyme <Plate 3:23; Figs 222, 226>/
       2. tous ou presque tous les faisceaux vasculaires accompagns de
          sclrenchyme/
 
#404. <prsence de faisceaux vasculaires comportant  la fois des piliers
          sclrenchymateux adaxiaux et abaxiaux>/
       1. au moins quelques faisceaux vasculaires (ne fu[Z^]t-ce que la
          nervure mdiane) comportant  la fois des piliers
          sclrenchymateux adaxiaux et abaxiaux/
       2. aucun faisceau vasculaire comportant  la fois des piliers
          sclrenchymateux adaxiaux et abaxiaux/
 
#405. <combinaison de piliers sclrenchymateux adaxiaux-abaxiaux formant ou
          non des ancres, des I ou des T dans un ou plusieurs faisceaux (y
          compris la nervure mdiane)>/
       1. combinaison de piliers sclrenchymateux adaxiaux-abaxiaux en
          ancres, en I ou en T dans un ou plusieurs faisceaux/
       2. pas de combinaison de piliers sclrenchymateux adaxiaux-abaxiaux
          en ancres, I ou T/
 
#406. <sclrenchyme foliaire entirement associ ou non  des faisceaux
          vasculaires>/
       1. tout le sclrenchyme du limbe foliaire (sauf les massifs en
          bordure des feuilles) associ  des faisceaux vasculaires
          particuliers/
       2. au moins une partie du sclrenchyme (en plus des fibres
          marginales) non associe aux faisceaux vasculaires/
 
#407. <TTT> the `extra' sclerenchyma <location of leaf blade sclerenchyma
          not associated with vascular bundles [X_] exclusive of any in the
          midrib>/
       1. in abaxial groups/
       2. in a continuous abaxial layer/
       3. within the mesophyll/
       4. in adaxial groups/
 
#408. <TTT> the `extra' sclerenchyma <position of groups within the lamina
          [X_] exclusive of midrib>/
       1. abaxial-hypodermal, the groups isolated <opposite bulliforms
          and/or furrows>/
       2. abaxial-hypodermal, the groups continuous with colourless
          columns/
       3. adaxial-hypodermal, contiguous with the bulliforms/
 
#409. the lamina margins <presence of marginal fibres, i.e. groups not
          associated with vascular bundles> <recorded only for
          Chloridoideae>/
       1. with marginal fibres/
       2. without marginal fibres/
 
#410. <disposition des faisceaux dans les entrenoeuds du chaume>/
       1. tous les faisceaux vasculaires des entrenoeuds du chaume groups
          en un ou deux anneaux (ne pas tenir compte des anneaux extrieurs
          forms de quelques faisceaux seulement)/
       2. faisceaux vasculaires des entrenoeuds du chaume groups en trois
          anneaux ou plus/
       3. faisceaux vasculaires des entrenoeuds du chaume disperss/
 
#411. tissues of the culm bases <whether accumulating abundant starch: data
          from Smith 1968, Smouter and Simpson 1989 and original
          observations>/
       1. with abundant starch/
       2. with little or no starch <implying fructans and/or sucrose>/
 
#412. fructosans predominantly <short- or long-chain>/
       1. short-chain/
       2. long-chain/
 
#413. leaves <presence of flavonoid sulphates: data from Harborne and
          Williams 1976>/
       1. containing flavonoid sulphates/
       2. without flavonoid sulphates/
 
#414. leaf blade chlorophyll [Ia]:[Ib] ratio <data from Prendergast 1987>/
 
#415. data on serological cross-reactions of pollen antigens <availability.
          To view comparative data from immunodiffusion and
          immunoelectrophoretic tests (photos of gels, histograms and
          tables), display the illustrations associated with this character
          [X_] enter Alt+I, followed by PageDown. For further information,
          see Character Note (enter Alt+N)>/
       1. available/
       2. not available/
 
#416. RuBisCO K[Im](CO[v2]) and K[Im](RUBP) data <availability. To view
          tables with comparative data, display the illustrations
          associated with this character: enter Alt+I, followed by
          PageDown>/
       1. available/
       2. not available <implicit>/
 
#417. spikelets <whether in much-reduced andropogonoid `racemes', each of
          these reduced to a single triplet and enclosed at its base by a
          trumpet-like development of the peduncle tip [X_] `[IAnadelphia
          scyphofera]' etc.>/
       1. in much-reduced andropogonoid `racemes', each of the latter
          reduced to a single triplet and enclosed at its base by a
          trumpet-like development of the peduncle tip/
       2. not borne as in `[IAnadelphia scyphofera]' <condition implicite>/
 
#418. <whether inflorescence of 2[X-]3 glumeless, bracteate spikelets, the
          lodicules represented by a fringed annulus [X_] [IAnomochloa]>/
       1. inflorescence of 2[X-]3 glumeless, bracteate spikelets, the
          lodicules represented by a fringed annulus/
       2. plant not as in [IAnomochloa] <condition implicite>/
 
#419. <[IArundo]/[IPhragmites]>/
       1. female-fertile lemmas conspicuously hairy; ligule hairs to 0.3 mm
          long, shorter than the membrane/
       2. female-fertile lemmas hairless; ligule hairs longer than 0.5 mm,
          longer than the membrane/
 
#420. <whether the inflorescences of very peculiar pseudospikelets,
          characterized by development of rachides with long terminal
          segments, each of which serves as the pedicel of an abscissile
          spikelet [X_] [IAtractantha]>/
       1. the inflorescences of very peculiar pseudospikelets,
          characterized by development of rachides with long terminal
          segments, each of which serves as the pedicel of an abscissile
          spikelet/
       2. the inflorescences not as in [IAtractantha] <condition
          implicite>/
 
#421. <whether lemmas as broad as long, gibbous and umbonate, cordate at
          base [X_] [IBriza]>/
       1. lemmas as broad as long, gibbous and umbonate, cordate at base
          <[IBriza]> <Fig. 88>/
       2. lemmas not as in [IBriza] <condition implicite>/
 
#422. <whether lemma awn winged, the wing extending down upper back of the
          lemma [X_] [IBrylkinia]>/
       1. lemma awn winged, the wing extending down the upper back of the
          lemma/
       2. lemma not wing-awned <condition implicite>/
 
#423. <whether having male inflorescences elevated, with one to four
          spicate, unilateral branches, and the female spikelets in
          burr-like spatheate clusters [X_] [IBuchloe[Z"]]>/
       1. the male inflorescences elevated, with one to four spicate,
          unilateral branches; female spikelets in burr-like clusters,
          usually two burrs per inflorescence, each burr on a short, stout
          rachis, partially enclosed in a broad, bractlike leaf sheath,
          falling entire with the indurate rachis united with the upper
          glumes/
       2. inflorescence not as in [IBuchloe[Z"]] <condition implicite>/
 
#424. <whether upper glume extended downwards into a conspicuous spur [X_]
          [ICentrochloa]>/
       1. upper glume extended downwards into a conspicuous spur/
       2. upper glume not as in [ICentrochloa] <condition implicite>/
 
#425. <whether pedicels articulated and bearded with long hairs at and
          above the joint [X_] [IChaetobromus]>/
       1. pedicels articulated and bearded with long hairs at and above the
          joint/
       2. pedicels not as in [IChaetobromus]/
 
#426. <whether inflorescences in hard, globular 6[X-]12 mm utricles [X_]
          [ICoix]>/
       1. inflorescences in hard, globular 6[X-]12 mm utricles/
       2. inflorescences not as in [ICoix] <condition implicite>/
 
#427. <whether spikelets in numerous small, compact, short-branched
          panicles, each panicle at the tip of a stout, recurved peduncle
          and enclosed by a leathery, toothed involucre, the peduncles
          themselves subtended by the inflated sheaths of the (modified)
          upper leaves [X_] [ICornucopiae]>/
       1. spikelets in numerous small, compact, short-branched panicles,
          each panicle at the tip of a stout, recurved peduncle and
          enclosed by a leathery, toothed involucre, the peduncles
          themselves subtended by the inflated sheaths of the (modified)
          upper leaves/
       2. spikelets not borne as in [ICornucopiae]/
 
#428. <[ICortaderia]/[ILamprothyrsus]>/
       1. the lemma awns lateral and median, the median strongly flattened/
       2. the median lemma awn not strongly flattened, laterals present or
          absent/
 
#429. <whether lemmas awned, the awn bearing a ring of minute hairs at the
          middle, and apically clavate [X_] [ICorynephorus]>/
       1. lemmas awned, the awn bearing a ring of minute hairs at the
          middle, and apically clavate <Fig. 93>/
       2. lemmas without the characteristic [ICorynephorus] awn <condition
          implicite>/
 
#430. <whether the inflorescence of a few digitately-borne, bracteate
          spikelets, subtended by a spatheate leaf atop a single elongated
          culm internode, the plant very sedge-like in appearance [X_]
          [ICyperochloa]>/
       1. the inflorescence of a few digitately-borne, bracteate spikelets,
          subtended by a spatheate leaf atop a single elongated culm
          internode, the plant very sedge-like in appearance/
       2. plants not as in [ICyperochloa] <condition implicite>/
 
#431. <whether the lower glume exceeding the female-fertile lemma [X_]
          [IDiandrostachya]>/
       1. the lower glume exceeding the female-fertile lemma/
       2. the lower glume shorter than the female-fertile lemma/
 
#432. <whether grain with a conspicuous whitish or yellowish, glossy beak
          [X_] [IDiarrhena]>/
       1. grain with a conspicuous whitish or yellowish, glossy beak/
       2. fruit not as in [IDiarrhena] <condition implicite>/
 
#433. <whether plants from a short rosette of winter leaves, the primary
          panicle producing secondary inflorescences with cleistogamous
          spikelets [X_] [IDichanthelium]>/
       1. plants from a short rosette of winter leaves, the primary panicle
          producing secondary inflorescences with cleistogamous spikelets/
       2. plants not as in [IDichanthelium]/
 
#434. <whether the pedicelled member of the sessile/pedicellate spikelet
          pairs much the larger, very striking, with a broad, flat, papery,
          reddish, long-awned lower glume [X_] [IDiectomis]>/
       1. the pedicelled member of the sessile/pedicellate spikelet pairs
          much the larger, very striking, with a broad, flat, papery,
          reddish, long-awned lower glume/
       2. without the sessile/pedicellate spikelet pairs characteristic of
          [IDiectomis] <condition implicite>/
 
#435. <[X_][IEnneapogon]/[ISchmidtia]/[ICottea]/[IKaokochloa]>/
       1. female-fertile lemmas 9-lobed, each lobe terminating in an awn/
       2. female-fertile lemmas 6-lobed and 5-awned, with an awn arising
          between each pair of lobes/
       3. female-fertile lemmas irregularly lobed, the lobes produced into
          7[X-]11 awns/
       4. female-fertile lemmas with an incurved-emarginate apex, and a
          narrow awned lobe at each margin (sometimes with 1[X-]2 shorter,
          additional lobes)/
 
#436. <whether spikelets supported on a peculiar, hardened, cupuliform
          `callus' [X_] [IEriochloa]>/
       1. spikelets supported on a peculiar, hardened, cupuliform `callus'
          <Plate 2:16>/
       2. no [IEriochloa]-type `callus' <condition implicite>/
 
#437. <[IHackelochloa]/[IHemarthria]/[IRottboellia]>/
       1. lower glume of female-fertile spikelet globose, pitted/
       2. lower glume of female-fertile spikelet flattish, not pitted;
          `pedicellate' spikelets similar to the female-fertile spikelets/
       3. lower glume of female-fertile spikelet flattish, not pitted;
          `pedicellate' spikelets reduced, herbaceous/
 
#438. <whether plants of wet places, the leaves remarkably thin and
          delicate [X_] [IHubbardia]>/
       1. plants of wet places, the leaves remarkably thin and delicate/
       2. plants not as in [IHubbardia] <condition implicite>/
 
#439. <whether the adaxial surface of the leaf blade raised into sinuous
          lamellae [X_] [IHydrothauma]>/
       1. the adaxial surface of the leaf blade raised into sinuous
          lamellae/
       2. the adaxial surface of the leaf blade not as in [IHydrothauma]/
 
#440. <whether plants aquatic, with inflated leaf sheaths serving as floats
          [X_] [IHygroryza]>/
       1. plants aquatic, with inflated leaf sheaths serving as floats/
       2. plants not as in [IHygroryza] <condition implicite>/
 
#441. <whether the upper part of the female-fertile lemma exhibits a
          pappus-like arangement of long hairs [X_] [I]Jarava['I]>/
       1. the upper part of the <female-fertile> lemma exhibiting a
          conspicuous, pappus-like arrangement of long hairs/
       2. the upper part of the <female-fertile> lemma without pappus-like
          hairs <implicit>/
 
#442. <[IKoeleria]/[ITrisetum]>/
       1. panicle dense, cylindrical, ovoid, not interrupted: awns if
          present straight, subterminal, inconspicuous in the
          inflorescence/
       2. panicle loose, or if dense then interrupted, neither cylindrical
          nor ovoid: awns usually present, usually twisted, usually
          distinctly dorsal, conspicuous if inflorescence compact/
 
#443. <whether having female spikelets, with shell- or urn-shaped lemmas
          which are closed save for an apical pore [X_] [ILeptaspis] and
          [IScrotochloa]>/
       1. having female spikelets, with shell- or urn-shaped lemmas which
          are closed save for an apical pore/
       2. not having female spikelets as in [ILeptaspis] or [IScrotochloa]
          <condition implicite>/
 
#444. <whether female-fertile lemma very broad, with a conspicuous,
          succulent, translucent region near the base of each wing [X_]
          [ILombardochloa]>/
       1. female-fertile lemma very broad, with a conspicuous, succulent,
          translucent region near the base of each wing/
       2. female-fertile lemma not as in [ILombardochloa] <condition
          implicite>/
 
#445. <whether spikelets minute, shaped like cartoon birds' heads [X_]
          [ILopholepis]>/
       1. spikelets minute, shaped like cartoon birds' heads/
       2. spikelets not as in [ILopholepis] <condition implicite>/
 
#446. <whether plant coarsely tufted, with wiry leaf blades, the
          inflorescence of one very peculiar spikelet enclosed in a sheath
          [X_] [ILygeum]>/
       1. plant coarsely tufted, with wiry leaf blades, the inflorescence
          of one very peculiar spikelet enclosed in a sheath/
       2. plant and inflorescence not as in [ILygeum] <condition
          implicite>/
 
#447. <whether spikelets in `false pairs', the pedicellate member of the
          andropogonoid pair abscinding from its pedicel but remaining
          attached to the base of the `article' above, alongside the
          sessile member of that `article' [X_] [IManisuris]>/
       1. spikelets in `false pairs', the pedicellate member of the
          andropogonoid pair abscinding from its pedicel but remaining
          attached to the base of the `article' above, alongside the
          sessile member of that `article'/
       2. spikelets not arranged as in [IManisuris] <condition implicite>/
 
#448. <whether spikelets with the distal incomplete florets and/or the
          rachilla apex forming a terminal clavate appendage [X_] [IMelica]
          et al.>/
       1. spikelets with the distal incomplete florets and/or the rachilla
          apex forming a terminal clavate appendage/
       2. spikelets without a terminal clavate appendage <condition
          implicite>/
 
#449. <[IMerxmuellera]/[IKarroochloa]/[IChaetobromus]/[ISchismus]>/
       1. female-fertile lemmas with a bent awn, the awn twisted below/
       2. female-fertile lemmas awnless, mucronate or with a short straight
          awn/
 
#450. <[IMerxmuellera]/[IKarroochloa]>/
       1. spikelets 8[X-]25 mm long, inflorescence longer than 60 mm long/
       2. spikelets 4[X-]6([X-]7) mm long, inflorescence 10[X-]60 mm long/
 
#451. <whether spikelet with a single gibbous floret, the lemma awn placed
          off-centre [X_] [INassella]>/
       1. spikelet with a single gibbous floret, the lemma awn placed
          off-centre/
       2. spikelet not as in [INassella] <condition implicite>/
 
#452. <whether the inflorescence a coarse, cylindrical `raceme', apparently
          representing a raceme of reduced `glomerules', each glomerule
          shortly pedunculate, comprising a single spikelet subtended
          crosswise by a lobed scale forming an involucre-plus-bristle [X_]
          [IOdontelytrum]>/
       1. the inflorescence a coarse, cylindrical `raceme', apparently
          representing a raceme of reduced `glomerules', each glomerule
          shortly pedunculate, comprising a single spikelet subtended
          crosswise by a lobed scale forming an involucre-plus-bristle/
       2. the inflorescence not as in [IOdontelytrum] <condition
          implicite>/
 
#453. the lower lemma <whether combining a median translucent zone (cf. a
          [IBothriochloa] pedicel) with a terminal pair of hygroscopically
          active setae [X_] [IOphiochloa]>/
       1. narrow, of peculiar form, having a central hyaline portion
          bordered by well developed, conspicously ciliate and terminally
          setose nerves (the whole being reminiscent of a [IBothriochloa]
          pedicel), and exhibiting apically a pair of cushion-based, 5[X-]7
          mm long, hygroscopically active and awnlike setae/
       2. not resembling a [IBothriochloa] pedicel in appearance, and
          without a pair of hygroscopically active setae <implicit>/
 
#454. <[IPaspalum]/[IEchinochloa]/[IPaspalidium]>/
       1. glumes and/or sterile lemmas awned or acuminate-mucronate/
       2. spikelets awnless, muticous/
       3. spikelets awnless, the female-fertile lemmas pointed or apiculate
          but not mucronate/
 
#455. <whether seed dark brown, with ruminate endosperm [X_]
          [IPhaenosperma]>/
       1. seed dark brown, with ruminate endosperm/
       2. seed not as in [IPhaenosperma] <condition implicite>/
 
#456. <whether spikelets borne on one side of a broad, leaflike rachis [X_]
          [IPhyllorhachis]>/
       1. spikelets borne on one side of a broad, leaflike rachis/
       2. spikelets not borne on a broad, leaflike rachis <condition
          implicite>/
 
#457. <whether scandent via leaf blades with retrorsely scabrid margins
          [X_] [IProsphytochloa]>/
       1. scandent via leaf blades with retrorsely scabrid margins/
       2. not scandent as in [IProsphytochloa] <condition implicite>/
 
#458. <whether female-fertile lemma with its tip extended beyond the palea
          as a conical, herbaceous beak (flotation device) composed of
          aerenchyma with transverse septa, tapering into an awn [X_]
          [IRhynchoryza]>/
       1. female-fertile lemma with its tip extended beyond the palea as a
          conical, herbaceous beak (flotation device) composed of
          aerenchyma with transverse septa, tapering into an awn/
       2. female-fertile lemma not as in [IRhynchoryza] <condition
          implicite>/
 
#459. <[ISorghastrum]/[ISorghum]>/
       1. spikelets ostensibly solitary, each accompanied by a barren
          pedicel/
       2. spikelets paired, all the pedicels spikelet-bearing/
 
#460. <whether rush-like, with reduced leaf blades [X_] [ISpartochloa],
          [IXerochloa]>/
       1. rush-like, with reduced leaf blades/
       2. not rush-like <condition implicite>/
 
#461. <whether female inflorescence a large, deciduous globular head of
          sessile, bristle-tipped racemes [X_] [ISpinifex]>/
       1. female inflorescence a large, deciduous globular head of sessile,
          bristle-tipped racemes <Fig. 26>/
       2. inflorescence not as in [ISpinifex] <condition implicite>/
 
#462. <whether culms dimorphic, the fertile culms leafless, the vegetative
          culms each with a single developed leaf, this being eligulate and
          with a terete, culm-like `sheath' [X_] [ISteyermarkochloa]>/
       1. culms dimorphic, the fertile culms leafless, the vegetative culms
          each with a single developed leaf, this being eligulate and with
          a terete, culm-like `sheath'/
       2. plants not as in [ISteyermarkochloa] <condition implicite>/
 
#463. <whether flowering culms ultimately bending over, so as to enclose
          the ripening fruit [X_] [IThuarea]>/
       1. flowering culms ultimately bending over, so as to enclose the
          ripening fruit/
       2. flowering culms not as in [IThuarea] <condition implicite>/
 
#464. <whether lower glume <of female-fertile spikelet> with a rectangular
          window, surmounted by bristles [X_] [IThyridolepis]>/
       1. lower glume <of female-fertile spikelet> with a rectangular
          window, surmounted by bristles <Fig. 70>/
       2. lower glume without a [IThyridolepis]-type window <condition
          implicite>/
 
#465. <whether the lower glume of the pedicellate spikelet with a 5[X-]10
          mm (or longer) awn [X_] [IUrelytrum]>/
       1. the lower glume of the pedicellate spikelet with a 5[X-]10 mm (or
          longer) awn/
       2. the lower glume of the pedicellate spikelet awnless/
 
#466. <whether the inflorescence a spicate `raceme', with each spikelet
          subtended at its base by a tiny hyaline bract (from Madagascar)
          [X_] [IViguierella]>/
       1. the inflorescence a spicate `raceme', with each spikelet
          subtended at its base by a tiny hyaline bract: Madagascar/
       2. the inflorescence not as in [IViguierella] <condition implicite>/
 
#467. <XXX> <whether fruiting inflorescence a massive, spatheate cob, the
          fruits in many rows [X_] [IZea mays]>/
       1. fruiting inflorescence a massive, spatheate cob, the fruits in
          many rows/
       2. fruiting inflorescence not as in maize <condition implicite>/
 
#468. <whether stems cane-like, spikelets in bracteate, globular 1[X-]3.5
          cm heads [X_] [IZygochloa]>/
       1. stems cane-like, spikelets in bracteate, globular 1[X-]3.5 cm
          heads/
       2. plants not as in [IZygochloa] <condition implicite>/
 
#469. nombre chromosomique de base, [Mx] =/
 
#470. <diploid chromosome numbers> 2[In] =/
 
#471. <recorded ploidy levels: data very incomplete>/
       ploid/
 
#472. haplomic genome content <of Triticeae, as shown by genomic analysis:
          data incomplete>/
       1. A/
       2. B/
       3. C/
       4. D/
       5. E/
       6. F/
       7. G/
       8. H/
       9. I/
       10. J/
       11. K/
       12. L/
       13. M/
       14. N/
       15. O/
       16. P/
       17. Q/
       18. R/
       19. S/
       20. T/
       21. U/
       22. V/
       23. W/
       24. X/
       25. Y/
       26. Z/
 
#473. chromosomes <size, cf. Avdulov 1931 [X_] data not yet entered>/
 
#474. haploid nuclear DNA content <2c value divided by ploidy: ranges and
          means>/
       pg/
 
#475. mean diploid 2c DNA value <range and number of species studied in
          parenthesis: data mainly from Bennett and Smith 1976 and Bennett,
          Smith and Heslop-Harrison 1982>/
       pg/
 
#476. nucleoli <in root tip meristems, whether or not persisting to
          metaphase>/
       1. persistent/
       2. disappearing before metaphase/
 
#477. <subfamily>/
       1. Stipoideae/
       2. Pooideae/
       3. Bambusoideae/
       4. Centothecoideae/
       5. Arundinoideae/
       6. Chloridoideae/
       7. Panicoideae/
       8. not listed/
 
#478. <supertribes of Watson [Iet al]. 1985, with name endings changed>/
       1. Triticodae/
       2. Poodae/
       3. Oryzodae/
       4. Bambusodae/
       5. Panicodae/
       6. Andropogonodae/
 
#479. <tribe of Pooideae>/
       1. Triticeae/
       2. Brachypodieae/
       3. Bromeae/
       4. Aveneae <including Agrostideae, Phalarideae>/
       5. Meliceae/
       6. Seslerieae/
       7. Poeae <including Hainardieae, Monermeae>/
 
#480. <tribe of Stipoideae>/
       1. Nardeae/
       2. Lygeae/
       3. Anisopogoneae/
       4. Stipeae/
       5. Ampelodesmeae/
       6. Brachyelytreae/
 
#481. <tribe of Bambusoideae>/
       1. Diarrheneae/
       2. Oryzeae/
       3. Olyreae/
       4. Anomochloeae/
       5. Ehrharteae/
       6. Phaenospermateae/
       7. Phyllorhachideae/
       8. Phareae/
       9. Streptochaeteae/
       10. Streptogyneae/
       11. Guaduelleae/
       12. Puelieae/
       13. Bambuseae/
 
#482. <tribe of Centothecoideae>/
       1. Centotheceae/
 
#483. <tribe of Arundinoideae>/
       1. Steyermarkochloeae/
       2. Arundineae/
       3. Danthonieae <and satellites>/
       4. Cyperochloeae/
       5. Micraireae/
       6. Spartochloeae/
       7. Aristideae/
       8. Eriachneae/
       9. Amphipogoneae/
 
#484. <tribe/assemblage of Chloridoideae>/
       1. Pappophoreae/
       2. Orcuttieae/
       3. Triodieae/
       4. main chloridoid assemblage <including Chlorideae, Cynodonteae,
          Eragrosteae, Sporoboleae, Aeluropodeae, Jouveae, Unioleae,
          Leptureae, Lappagineae, Spartineae, Trageae, Perotideae,
          Pommereulleae>/
 
#485. <tribe of Panicoideae>/
       1. Isachneae/
       2. Paniceae/
       3. Neurachneae/
       4. Arundinelleae/
       5. Andropogoneae/
       6. Maydeae/
 
#486. <subtribe of Andropogoneae>/
       1. Andropogoninae <`awned Andropogoneae'>/
       2. Rottboelliinae <`awnless Andropogoneae'>/
 
#487. Soreng \i{}et al\i0{}. (2015): <subfamily>/
       1. Anomochlooideae/
       2. Pharoideae/
       3. Puelioideae/
       4. Oryzoideae/
       5. Bambusoideae/
       6. Pooideae/
       7. Aristidoideae/
       8. Panicoideae/
       9. Arundinoideae/
       10. Micrairoideae/
       11. Danthonioideae/
       12. Chloridoideae/
 
#488. <Soreng \i{}et al\i0{}. supertribe>/
       1. <Bambusoideae-> Arundinarodae/
       2. <Bambusoideae-> Bambusodae/
       3. <Pooideae-> Poodae/
       4. <Pooideae-> Triticodae/
       5. <Panicoideae-> Panicodae/
       6. <Panicoideae-> Andropogonodae/
       7. <no supertribe>/
 
#489. <Soreng \i{}et al\i0{}. tribe>/
       1. Anomochloeae/
       2. Streptochaeteae/
       3. Phareae/
       4. Atractocarpeae/
       5. Guaduellieae/
       6. Streptogyneae/
       7. Ehharteae/
       8. Oryzeae/
       9. Phyllorachideae/
       10. Arundinarieae/
       11. Olyreae/
       12. Bambuseae/
       13. Brachyelytreae/
       14. Nardeae/
       15. Lygeae/
       16. Phaenospermateae/
       17. Brylkineae/
       18. Meliceae/
       19. Ampelodesmeae/
       20. Stipeae/
       21. Diarrheneae/
       22. Brachypodieae/
       23. Poeae/
       24. Littledaleeae/
       25. Bromeae/
       26. Triticeae/
       27. Aristideae/
       28. Thysanolaeneae/
       29. Cyperochloeae/
       30. Centotheceae/
       31. Chasmanthieae/
       32. Zeugiteae/
       33. Steyermarkochloeae/
       34. Tristachyideae/
       35. Gynerieae/
       36. Paniceae/
       37. Paspaleae/
       38. Arundinelleae/
       39. Andropogoneae/
       40. Arundineae/
       41. Molinieae/
       42. Micraireae/
       43. Eriachneae/
       44. Isachneae/
       45. Hubbardieae/
       46. Danthonieae/
       47. Centropodieae/
       48. Triraphideae/
       49. Eragrostideae/
       50. Zoysieae/
       51. Cynodonteae/
       52. <no tribe>/
 
#490. <Soreng \i{}et al\i0{}. subtribe>/
       1. Oryzinae/
       2. Zizaniinae/
       3. Arundinariinae/
       4. Buergersiochloinae/
       5. Olyrinae/
       6. Parianinae/
       7. Melocanninae/
       8. Hickeliinae/
       9. Bambusinae/
       10. Racemobambusinae/
       11. Chusqueinae/
       12. Guaduinae/
       13. Arthrostylidiinae/
       14. Torreyochloinae/
       15. Aveninae/
       16. Phalaridinae/
       17. Anthoxanthinae/
       18. Brizinae/
       19. Calothecinae/
       20. Agrostidinae/
       21. Scolochloinae/
       22. Sesleriinae/
       23. Coleanthinae/
       24. Miliinae/
       25. Poinae/
       26. Airinae/
       27. Holcinae/
       28. Loliinae/
       29. Dactylidinae/
       30. Cynosurinae/
       31. Ammochloinae/
       32. Parapholiinae/
       33. Hordeinae/
       34. Triticinae/
       35. Anthephorinae/
       36. Dichelantheliinae/
       37. Boivinellinae/
       38. Neurachninae/
       39. Melidininae/
       40. Panicinae/
       41. Cenchrinae/
       42. Paspalinae/
       43. Otachyriinae/
       44. Arthropogoninae/
       45. Arthraxoninae/
       46. Tripsacinae/
       47. Chionachninae/
       48. Coicinae/
       49. Rottboelliinae/
       50. Ischaeminae/
       51. Dimeriinae/
       52. Germainiinae/
       53. Sorghinae/
       54. Saccharinae/
       55. Andropogoninae/
       56. Anthistiriinae/
       57. Cotteinae/
       58. Unioliinae/
       59. Eragrostidinae/
       60. Zoysiinae/
       61. Sporobolinae/
       62. Aeluropodinae/
       63. Triodiinae/
       64. Orcuttiinae/
       65. Gouiniinae/
       66. Cteniinae/
       67. Trichoneurinae/
       68. Perotidinae/
       69. Farragininae/
       70. Gymnopogoninae/
       71. Eleusininae/
       72. Tripogoninae/
       73. Pappophorinae/
       74. Traginae/
       75. Hilariinae/
       76. Monanthochloinae/
       77. Boutelouinae/
       78. Scleropogoninae/
       79. Muhlenbergiinae/
       80. <no subtribe>/
 
#491. <XXX> nombre d' espe[Z`]ces/
 
#492. <distribution ge[Z']ographique>/
 
#493. <XX> <distribution mondiale: this character for key-making only>/
       1. Eurasie occidentale, U.R.S.S. <y compris Iran, Iraq, Turquie>/
       2. Mditerrane/
       3. Extrme-Orient <Japon, Chine jusqu' l'Inde>/
       4. Afrique <et Arabie saoudite>/
       5. Pacifique <Malaisie, Indonsie, Australasie, I[Z^]les du
          Pacifique>/
       6. Amrique de Nord <Canada, E.-U., Mexique>/
       7. Amrique centrale et du Sud, Indes occidentales/
       8. Arctique/
 
#494. <XXX> <floristic Kingdoms: after Takhtajan 1969. Data deduced from
          information for Takhtajan's floristic regions (see below),
          provided by B. K. Simon 1987>/
       1. Holarctic/
       2. Paleotropical/
       3. Neotropical/
       4. Cape/
       5. Australian/
       6. Antarctic/
 
#495. <Holarctic Subkingdoms>/
       1. Boreal/
       2. Tethyan <ancient Mediterranean>/
       3. Madrean <Sonoran>/
 
#496. <Paleotropical Subkingdoms>/
       1. African/
       2. Madagascan/
       3. Indomalesian/
       4. Polynesian/
       5. Neocaledonian/
 
#497. <Boreal Subkingdom regions>/
       1. Arctic and Subarctic/
       2. Euro-Siberian/
       3. Eastern Asian/
       4. Atlantic North American/
       5. Rocky Mountains/
 
#498. <Tethyan Subkingdom regions>/
       1. Macaronesian/
       2. Mediterranean/
       3. Irano-Turanian/
 
#499. <African Subkingdom regions>/
       1. Saharo-Sindian/
       2. Sudano-Angolan/
       3. West African Rainforest/
       4. Namib-Karoo/
       5. Ascension and St. Helena/
 
#500. <Indomalesian Subkingdom regions>/
       1. Indian/
       2. Indo-Chinese/
       3. Malesian <Malayan>/
       4. Papuan/
 
#501. <Polynesian Subkingdom regions>/
       1. Hawaiian/
       2. Polynesian/
       3. Fijian/
 
#502. <Neotropical regions>/
       1. Caribbean/
       2. Venezuela and Surinam/
       3. Amazon/
       4. Central Brazilian/
       5. Pampas/
       6. Andean/
       7. Fernandezian/
 
#503. <Australian regions>/
       1. North and East Australian/
       2. South-West Australian/
       3. Central Australian/
 
#504. <prsence gographique (en Australasie)>/
       1. Tasmanie/
       2. Nouvelles-Galles-du-Sud/
       3. Territoire de la capitale australienne/
       4. Victoria/
       5. Australie occidentale/
       6. Queensland/
       7. Territoire du Nord/
       8. Australie mridionale/
       9. Nouvelle-Guine/
       10. Nouvelle-Zlande/
       11. inconnu en Australasie/
 
#505. <Antarctic regions>/
       1. New Zealand/
       2. Patagonian/
       3. Antarctic and Subantarctic/
 
#506. <Euro-Siberian Subregions>/
       1. European/
       2. Siberian/
 
#507. <Atlantic North American Subregions>/
       1. Canadian-Appalachian/
       2. Southern Atlantic North American/
       3. Central Grasslands/
 
#508. <Sudano-Angolan Subregions>/
       1. Sahelo-Sudanian/
       2. Somalo-Ethiopian/
       3. South Tropical African/
       4. Kalaharian/
 
#509. <North and East Australian Subregions>/
       1. Tropical North and East Australian/
       2. Temperate and South-Eastern Australian/
 
#510. <Antarctic and Subantarctic Subregions>/
       1. South Temperate Oceanic Islands/
       2. Antarctic/
 
#511. <whether commonly adventive on an intercontinental scale>/
       1. commonly adventive/
       2. not commonly adventive <condition implicite>/
 
#512. <type cologique>/
       1. hygrophytes/
       2. hlophytes/
       3. msophytes/
       4. xrophytes/
 
#513. <exigence cologique en lumire>/
       1. sciophytes/
       2. hliophytes/
 
#514. <tolrance au sel>/
       1. halophytes/
       2. glycophytes/
 
#515. <habitat notes: soil types, etc.>/
 
#516. significant weed species: <list extended from Ha[Z"]fliger and
          Scholtz 1980>/
 
#517. cultivated fodder:/
 
#518. important native pasture species:/
 
#519. grain crop species:/
 
#520. lawns and/or playing fields:/
 
#521. commercial essential oils:/
 
#522. <miscellaneous economic/ethnic data> <little yet entered>/
 
#523. <intergeneric hybrids>/
 
#524. rusts [X_] <genera>/
       1. [IDasturella]/
       2. [IPhakopsora]/
       3. [IPhysopella]/
       4. [IStereostratum]/
       5. [IPuccinia] <including [IUromyces]>/
       6. no rusts recorded <by Cummins 1971>/
 
#525. the [IPuccinia] species from <morphological Group [X_] after Cummins
          1971, amended by D.B.O. Savile (pers. comm.)>/
       1. Group 1/
       2. Group 2/
       3. Group 5/
       4. Group 6/
       5. Group 7/
       6. Group 8/
 
#526. the [IPuccinia] species from <the Group 1 species, Savile's
          subgroups>/
       1. subgroup 1(a)/
       2. subgroup 1(b)/
       3. subgroup 1(c)/
       4. subgroup 1(d)/
 
#527. the [IPuccinia] species from <the Group 2 species, Savile's
          subgroups>/
       1. subgroup 2(a)/
       2. subgroup 2(b)/
 
#528. the [IPuccinia] species from <the Group 5 species, Savile's
          subgroups>/
       1. subgroup 5(a)/
       2. subgroup 5(b)/
       3. subgroup 5(c)/
       4. subgroup 5(d)/
       5. subgroup 5(e)/
       6. subgroup 5(f)/
       7. subgroup 5(g)/
       8. subgroup 5(h)/
       9. subgroup 5(i)/
       10. subgroup 5(j)/
       11. subgroup 5(k)/
 
#529. the [IPuccinia] species from <the Group 6 species, Savile's
          subgroups>/
       1. subgroup 6(a)/
       2. subgroup 6(b)/
       3. subgroup 6(c)/
       4. subgroup 6(d)/
       5. subgroup 6(e)/
 
#530. wide-ranging <rust> species:[ ] <wide-ranging here = recorded on 3 or
          more host genera by Cummins 1971>/
       1. [IDasturella divina]/
       2. [IPhakopsora incompleta]/
       3. [IPhysopella clemensiae]/
       4. [IStereostratum corticoides]/
       5. [IPuccinia chaetochloae]/
       6. [IPuccinia stenotaphri]/
       7. [IPuccinia microspora]/
       8. [IPuccinia polysora]/
       9. [IPuccinia miscanthae]/
       10. [IPuccinia nakanishikii]/
       11. [IPuccinia longicornis]/
       12. [IPuccinia kusanoi]/
       13. [IPuccinia eritraeensis]/
       14. [IPuccinia graminella]/
       15. [IPuccinia dolosa]/
       16. [IPuccinia orientalis]/
       17. [IPuccinia graminis]/
       18. [IPuccinia levis]/
       19. [IPuccinia substriata]/
       20. `[IUromyces]' [Isetariae-italicae]/
       21. `[IUromyces]' [Ischoenanthi]/
       22. [IPuccinia emaculata]/
       23. [IPuccinia cacabata]/
       24. [IPuccinia coronata]/
       25. [IPuccinia striiformis]/
       26. [IPuccinia montanensis]/
       27. [IPuccinia pygmaea]/
       28. [IPuccinia brachypodii-phoenicoidis]/
       29. [IPuccinia brachypodii]/
       30. [IPuccinia praegracilis]/
       31. [IPuccinia poarum]/
       32. [IPuccinia hordei]/
       33. [IPuccinia recondita]/
       34. `[IUromyces]' [Iturcomanicum]/
       35. `[IUromyces]' [Ifragilipes]/
       36. `[IUromyces]' [Idactylidis]/
       37. `[IUromyces]' [Ihordeinus]/
       38. [IPuccinia monoica]/
       39. [IPuccinia versicolor]/
       40. [IPuccinia boutelouae]/
       41. [IPuccinia chloridis]/
       42. [IPuccinia schedonnardi]/
       43. `[IUromyces]' [Iclignyi]/
       44. `[IUromyces]' [Ieragrostidis]/
       45. [IPuccinia miyoshiana]/
       46. [IPuccinia cesatii]/
       47. [IPuccinia esclavensis]/
       48. [IPuccinia aristidae]/
       49. no wide-ranging rust species <i.e. the positive records limited
          to rusts with restricted host ranges, as given by Cummins 1971:
          condition implicite>/
 
#531. smuts <families: data not yet updated from Watson 1972, and
          [IPanicum], [IDanthonia], [IAgropyron], [IElymus] etc. omitted
          pending nomenclatural checking of records>/
       1. from Tilletiaceae/
       2. from Ustilaginaceae/
       3. not recorded <implicit: but see qualification>/
 
#532. <smut genera> Tilletiaceae [X_]/
       1. [IEntyloma]/
       2. [IMelanotaenium]/
       3. [INeovossia]/
       4. [ITilletia]/
       5. [IUrocystis]/
 
#533. <smut genera> Ustilaginaceae [X_]/
       1. [ISorosporium]/
       2. [ISphacelotheca]/
       3. [ITolyposporella]/
       4. [ITolyposporium]/
       5. [IUstilago]/
 
#534. morphological/taxonomic: <references>/
 
#535. leaf anatomical: <references>/
 
#536. <observations>/
 
#537. <adequacy of> fruit data <for reliability of `implicit states'>/
       1. more or less satisfactory <condition implicite>/
       2. wanting <totally or seriously lacking>/
 
#538. <adequacy of> anatomical data <for reliability of `implicit states'>/
       1. more or less satisfactory <condition implicite>/
       2. epidermal only/
       3. for ts only/
       4. wanting <totally or seriously lacking>/
 
#539. <illustrations; see Notes:>/
 
#540. abbreviated taxon name:/
