*SHOW ~ Fruit fly larvae - character list.

*CHARACTER LIST
#1. <synonymy:>/

#2. <common name:>/

#3. body length/
       mm/

#4. body <shape>/
       1. slender, elongate, tapering anteriorly/
       2. stout, elongate, tapering anteriorly/
       3. elongate-cylindrical/
       4. elongate, swollen anteriorly/
       5. short-cylindrical or barrel-shaped/
       6. pear-shaped/

#5. integument <sclerotization presence>/
       1. unsclerotized, entirely whitish to yellowish/
       2. partially sclerotized/

#6. integument sclerotization <extent>/
       1. forming a transverse line beneath posterior spiracles (mature larvae)/
       2. covering entire caudal segment/
       3. covering part of caudal segment/
       4. covering part of dorsum/
       5. covering part of dorsum and caudal segment/
       6. forming a small heart-shaped patch of pigment below cuticle surface on
          ventral side of T1 (mature larvae)/

#7. sclerotized process(es) on caudal segment <presence>/
       1. absent/
       2. present, strongly forked/
       3. present, weakly forked/
       4. present as two separate processes/

#8. caudal ridge <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/

#9. mature larvae <jumping ability>/
       1. unable to jump/
       2. able to jump/

#10. head <shape>/
       1. of normal shape/
       2. deflexed, laterally flattened, thorax hood-like/

#11. cephalic lobes <development>/
       1. well developed/
       2. moderately developed/
       3. slightly developed/
       4. not developed/

#12. antenna <apparent segmentation>/
       1. 1-segmented/
       2. 2-segmented/

#13. stomal organ: primary lobe <size and shape>/
       1. small, round/
       2. large, elongate-rounded/
       3. large, elongate-flattened/
       4. rounded, protuberant/

#14. stomal organ: number of peg sensilla <SEM>/
       1. one/
       2. two/
       3. three <may be branched>/
       4. four or more/
       5. none apparent/

#15. stomal organ: peg sensilla <branching>/
       1. unbranched/
       2. with few short branches/
       3. with many long branches/

#16. stomal organ: other peg-sensilla-like structures <SEM>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/

#17. stomal region: secondary lobes <presence, shape>/
       1. absent/
       2. present, short, leaf-like/
       3. present, medial ones elongate, like oral ridges/
       4. embedded in overall reticulation/

#18. stomal region: number of secondary lobes <when present>/

#19. stomal region: margins of secondary lobes <serration> <SEM>/
       1. all entire/
       2. one lobe with serrate margins/
       3. more than one lobe with serrate margins/

#20. stomal region: sclerotized stomal guards <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/

#21. stomal region: number of sclerotized stomal guards <when present>/

#22. oral ridges <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/

#23. number of oral ridges <=ORL> <when present>/

#24. oral ridges margins <shape> <SEM>/
       1. entire/
       2. serrate <small teeth>/
       3. dentate <large, sharply pointed teeth>/
       4. scalloped <large, rounded teeth>/
       5. emarginate <with rounded notches>/
       6. occasionally incised/
       7. rounded, more like reticulation than ridges/

#25. <oral ridges> accessory plates <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/

#26. <oral ridges> number of accessory plates <when present>/

#27. <oral ridges> accessory plates margins <whether serrated> <SEM>/
       1. unserrated/
       2. serrated/

#28. elongate, finger-like lobes arising above mandibles <presence> <SEM>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/

#29. median oral lobe <presence, shape>/
       1. protruding and laterally expanded/
       2. protruding as a pair of flattened, 3- to 4-lobed structures/
       3. absent or not protruding <as above>/

#30. labium <width>/
       1. broad/
       2. narrow/

#31. mandibles: subapical teeth <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/

#32. mandibles: subapical tooth <size>/
       1. minute, visible only in slide mounts or by SEM/
       2. much smaller than apical tooth, and delicate/
       3. smaller than apical tooth, and very stout/
       4. about the same size as apical tooth/

#33. mandibles: <number and position of subapical tooth or teeth>/
       1. with a single ventral tooth/
       2. with a single medial tooth/
       3. with a single lateral tooth/
       4. with medial and lateral teeth/

#34. mandibles: base <shape>/
       1. stout, nearly perpendicular to a line from ventral part of base to
          apex of mandible/
       2. elongate, forming a more oblique angle/

#35. parastomal bars <presence, shape>/
       1. elongate, free from hypopharyngeal sclerite/
       2. short and stout, or apparently absent/

#36. dental sclerites <presence, position>/
       1. present, posterior to mandibles/
       2. apparently absent, not visible in lateral view/

#37. dorsal spinules on segments <distribution>/
       1. T1/
       2. T1-T2/
       3. T1-T3/
       4. T1-A1/
       5. T1-A2/
       6. T1-A3/
       7. T1-A4/
       8. T1-A5/
       9. T1-A6/
       10. T1-A7/
       11. T1-A8/
       12. with an unusual distribution/

#38. sensilla on caudal segment <A8> <number>/
       1. 10 pairs, with at least 7 pairs visible under dissecting microscope
          <standard arrangement>/
       2. 6 or fewer pairs visible/

#39. dorsal caudal sensilla <presence, arrangement>/
       1. absent or visible only with great difficulty/
       2. obvious, sessile or on separate papillae or tubercles/
       3. obvious, on a single papilla or tubercle/

#40. intermediate caudal sensillum I3 <presence, arrangement>/
       1. absent or visible only with great difficulty/
       2. obvious, but not on a papilla or tubercle/
       3. obvious, on a papilla or tubercle/

#41. lateral caudal sensillum <presence, arrangement>/
       1. absent or visible only with great difficulty/
       2. obvious, but not on a papilla or tubercle/
       3. obvious, on a papilla or tubercle/

#42. intermediate caudal sensilla I1a&b <presence, arrangement>/
       1. absent or visible only with great difficulty/
       2. obvious, but not on a papilla or tubercle/
       3. obvious, on a single papilla or tubercle, not bifid apically/
       4. obvious, on a single papilla or tubercle, bifid apically/

#43. intermediate caudal sensillum I2 <presence>/
       1. absent or visible only with great difficulty/
       2. obvious/

#44. intermediate caudal sensilla I1a&b and I2 <arrangement>/
       1. on separate papillae or tubercles/
       2. on a single tubercle/

#45. ventral caudal sensilla <presence, arrangement>/
       1. absent or visible only with great difficulty/
       2. obvious, but not on a papilla or tubercle/
       3. obvious, on a papilla or tubercle/

#46. anal lobes <prominence>/
       1. very protuberant/
       2. plainly visible, but not strongly protuberant/
       3. indistinct, retracted into anal slit, or absent/

#47. anal lobes <shape>/
       1. simple/
       2. grooved/
       3. bifid/

#48. anterior spiracle <shape in profile>/
       1. elevated, margin convex to straight/
       2. elevated, margin concave medially, appearing bilobed/
       3. not strongly elevated, margin long and convex/

#49. anterior spiracular tubules <number> <=ANS>/

#50. anterior spiracular tubules <arrangement>/
       1. in a single uniform row/
       2. in a single irregular row/
       3. in two rows/
       4. in three or more rows/

#51. posterior spiracular area <whether set off>/
       1. set off by a ring of tubercles and a distinct groove/
       2. not distinctly set off from caudal segment/

#52. posterior spiracles: average length of dorsal and ventral rimae <=LTH>/
       m/

#53. posterior spiracles: slits <length:width ratio>/
       x longer than wide/

#54. dorsal spiracular processes <number and arrangement of trunks>/
       1. with numerous trunks arising from an elongate base/
       2. with numerous trunks arising from a short or semicircular base/
       3. with a few trunks radiating from a short or semicircular base/
       4. with only 1 or 2 trunks/

#55. number of dorsal spiracular processes/

#56. number of ventral spiracular processes/

#57. number of lateral spiracular processes <on each side>/

#58. basal width of spiracular processes <=BAS>/
       m/

#59. dorsal and ventral spiracular processes: average number of tips <=TIP>/

#60. dorsal and ventral spiracular processes: ratio of number of tips to number
          of trunks <=RTO2>/

#61. area between posterior spiracles <texture>/
       1. smooth/
       2. with a cellular or rugose appearance/

#62. \i{}Anastrepha striata\i0{} vs. \i{}A. bistrigata\i0{}: discriminant
          function C (see character notes):/
       1. C greater than 0 <\i{}A. striata\i0{}>/
       2. C less than 0 <\i{}A. bistrigata\i0{}>/

#63. \i{}Anastrepha fraterculus\i0{} vs. \i{}A. obliqua\i0{}: discriminant
          function C (see character notes):/
       1. C greater than 0 <\i{}A. fraterculus\i0{}>/
       2. C less than 0 <\i{}A. obliqua\i0{}>/

#64. \i{}Anastrepha obliqua\i0{} vs. \i{}A. suspensa\i0{}: discriminant function
          C (see character notes):/
       1. C greater than 0 <\i{}A. obliqua\i0{}>/
       2. C less than 0 <\i{}A. suspensa\i0{}>/

#65. \i{}Anastrepha fraterculus\i0{} vs. \i{}A. suspensa\i0{}: discriminant
          function C (see character notes):/
       1. C greater than 0 <\i{}A. fraterculus\i0{}>/
       2. C less than 0 <\i{}A. suspensa\i0{}>/

#66. \i{}Anastrepha suspensa\i0{} vs. \i{}A. fraterculus\i0{} vs. \i{}A.
          obliqua\i0{}: discriminant functions Cf, Cs, Co (see character
          notes):/
       1. Cf is largest value <\i{}A. fraterculus\i0{}>/
       2. Cs is largest value <\i{}A. suspensa\i0{}>/
       3. Co is largest value <\i{}A. obliqua\i0{}>/

#67. <host plants:>/
       1. Actinidiaceae/
       2. Agavaceae/
       3. Anacardiaceae/
       4. Annonaceae/
       5. Apiaceae <=Umbelliferae>/
       6. Apocynaceae/
       7. Aquifoliaceae/
       8. Araliaceae/
       9. Araucariaceae/
       10. Arecaceae/
       11. Asclepiadaceae/
       12. Asteraceae <=Compositae>/
       13. Berberidaceae/
       14. Bignoniaceae/
       15. Bombacaceae/
       16. Brassicaceae <=Cruciferae>/
       17. Bromeliaceae/
       18. Cactaceae/
       19. Canellaceae/
       20. Capparaceae <=Capparidaceae>/
       21. Caprifoliaceae/
       22. Caricaceae/
       23. Caryophyllaceae/
       24. Cecropiaceae/
       25. Celastraceae <=Siphonodontaceae>/
       26. Chrysobalanaceae/
       27. Clusiaceae/
       28. Combretaceae/
       29. Convolvulaceae/
       30. Cornaceae/
       31. Cucurbitaceae/
       32. Cunoniaceae/
       33. Cupressaceae/
       34. Davidsoniaceae/
       35. Ebenaceae/
       36. Elaeocarpaceae/
       37. Eleagnaceae/
       38. Ericaceae/
       39. Erythroxylaceae/
       40. Euphorbiaceae/
       41. Fabaceae <=Leguminosae>/
       42. Fagaceae/
       43. Flacourtiaceae/
       44. Gnetaceae/
       45. Grossulariaceae/
       46. Juglandaceae/
       47. Lamiaceae <=Labiatae>/
       48. Lauraceae/
       49. Lecythidaceae <=Barringtoniaceae>/
       50. Liliaceae/
       51. Loganiaceae/
       52. Loranthaceae/
       53. Malpighiaceae/
       54. Malvaceae/
       55. Meliaceae/
       56. Moraceae/
       57. Musaceae/
       58. Myristicaceae/
       59. Myrtaceae/
       60. Olacaceae/
       61. Oleaceae/
       62. Opiliaceae/
       63. Orchidaceae/
       64. Orobanchaceae/
       65. Oxalidaceae/
       66. Paeoniaceae/
       67. Passifloraceae/
       68. Poaceae/
       69. Podocarpaceae/
       70. Polygonaceae/
       71. Proteaceae/
       72. Punicaceae/
       73. Rhamnaceae/
       74. Rhizophoraceae/
       75. Rosaceae/
       76. Rubiaceae <=Naucleaceae>/
       77. Rutaceae/
       78. Salicaceae/
       79. Santalaceae/
       80. Sapindaceae/
       81. Sapotaceae/
       82. Simaroubaceae/
       83. Smilacaceae/
       84. Solanaceae/
       85. Staphyleaceae/
       86. Sterculiaceae/
       87. Symplocaceae/
       88. Theaceae/
       89. Tiliaceae/
       90. Ulmaceae/
       91. Urticaceae/
       92. Verbenaceae/
       93. Vitaceae/
       94. Zygophyllaceae/

#68. <notes on host plant:>/

#69. part of plant attacked:/
       1. fruit/
       2. leaf/
       3. stem/
       4. root crown or stem base/
       5. bud or flower other than capitulum/
       6. capitulum (of Asteraceae)/
       7. receptacle (see also capitulum)/
       8. multiple seeds (including achenes; see also capitulum)/
       9. single seed (including achene; see also capitulum)/

#70. <biogeographic region:>/
       1. Nearctic/
       2. Neotropical/
       3. Palearctic/
       4. Afrotropical/
       5. Oriental/
       6. Australasian-Oceanian/

#71. <specimens examined or source of description:>/

#72. sources of data and SEM numbers:/

#73. abbreviated name:/

#74. <illustrations:>/
