*SHOW Fruitfly adults - characters

*CHARACTER LIST
#1. <synonymy:>/

#2. <common name:>/

#3. body <shape, excluding genitalia>/
       1. elongate/
       2. plump/

#4. body <color>/
       1. predominantly yellow/
       2. predominantly black or dark fuscous/
       3. a balanced mixture of black and yellow/
       4. predominantly orangish to brown/

#5. number of frontal bristles/
       1. one pair/
       2. two pairs/
       3. three pairs/
       4. four or more pairs/
       5. zero/

#6. number of orbital bristles/
       1. one pair/
       2. two pairs/
       3. three or more pairs/
       4. zero/

#7. anterior <or single> orbital bristle of male <shape>/
       1. normal, unmodified/
       2. modified: prolonged and apically broadened/

#8. posterior <or single> orbital bristles <orientation>/
       1. mesoclinate <Terellinae; Paraterellia; Xyphosia>/
       2. reclinate/

#9. posterior <or single> orbital bristles <shape>/
       1. acuminate/
       2. lanceolate and pale/

#10. ocellar bristles <length>/
       1. long, about as long as frontal bristles/
       2. short, distinctly shorter than frontal bristles/
       3. absent or minute, like setulae/

#11. postocellar bristles <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/

#12. <vertical bristles, position>/
       1. with both inner and outer vertical bristles/
       2. with only inner vertical bristles/
       3. with only outer vertical bristles/

#13. outer vertical, postvertical and postocellar bristles <shape>/
       1. all acuminate/
       2.  outer vertical bristles acuminate, postvertical and postocellar
          bristles lanceolate and pale/
       3. all lanceolate and pale/

#14. postocular bristles <shape>/
       1. acuminate/
       2. lanceolate/
       3. intermixed acuminate and lanceolate/

#15. postocular bristles <size>/
       1. normal/
       2. reduced in number and size, hardly detectable in 25x/

#16. genal bristle <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent or indistinguishable/

#17. head <shape>/
       1. higher than long/
       2. about as long as high/
       3. longer than high/

#18. <sexual dimorphism in head width>/
       1. male head much wider than female head/
       2. male and female head width the same/

#19. frontofacial angle <shape>/
       1. less than a right angle and strongly projected/
       2. about equal to a right angle and angular/
       3. much greater than a right angle and rounded/

#20. face <profile>/
       1. concave/
       2. flat/
       3. convex/
       4. undulating, convex above, concave below/

#21. face <shape in frontal view>/
       1. with transverse sulcus/
       2. with distinct antennal grooves and carina/
       3. without transverse sulcus, antennal grooves, or carina/

#22. face <height>/
       1. longer than frons/
       2. about as long as frons/
       3. shorter than frons/

#23. face <orientation>/
       1. with ventral part projected/
       2. vertical/
       3. receding/

#24. face <markings>/
       1. without dark marks/
       2. with dark spots in antennal furrows/
       3. with spots on transverse sulcus extended medially/
       4. with a transverse band/
       5. bicolorous, with ventral part black/
       6. black/
       7. bicolorous, with antennal grooves entirely dark/
       8. with lateral and central dark spots/

#25. parafacial spot <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/

#26. frons and parafacial <presence of small silvery markings>/
       1. with small silvery markings/
       2. without small silvery markings/

#27. fronto-orbital plate <vestiture>/
       1. setulose/
       2. non-setulose/

#28. frontal stripe <vestiture>/
       1. setulose/
       2. non-setulose/

#29. eye <shape>/
       1. round, about as high or slightly higher than long <height to length
          ratio 1-1.5>/
       2. elongate, considerably higher than long <height to length ratio
          1.5-2>/

#30. antenna <length>/
       1. considerably shorter than face <up to two-thirds>/
       2. about as long as face/
       3. considerably longer than face <at least 1.25x>/

#31. scape, pedicel, and first flagellomere <length>/
       1. all relatively short <relative to face>/
       2. scape and pedicel short, first flagellomere elongate/
       3. all relatively elongate, first flagellomere much longer than pedicel/
       4. scape short, pedicel and first flagellomere elongate and subequal/

#32. first flagellomere <length>/
       1. shorter than face/
       2. as long as face/
       3. longer than face/

#33. first flagellomere <shape>/
       1. rounded apically/
       2. pointed dorsoapically/

#34. arista <length>/
       1. as long as first flagellomere/
       2. longer than first flagellomere/
       3. shorter than first flagellomere/

#35. arista <vestiture>/
       1. bare or with hairs distinctly shorter than greatest aristal width/
       2. pubescent, with hairs about as long as greatest aristal width/
       3. plumose, with hairs at least half as long as first flagellomere width/

#36. arista hairs <placement>/
       1. dorsal only/
       2. both dorsal and ventral/

#37. proboscis <length>/
       1. short, capitate/
       2. elongate, geniculate <some Tephritinae>/
       3. reduced, almost vestigial <some Oedaspidini>/

#38. inner scapular bristle <presence>/
       1. present and distinguishable from surrounding vestiture/
       2. absent or indistinguishable from surrounding vestiture/

#39. inner scapular bristle <color>/
       1. dark/
       2. pale/

#40. outer scapular bristle <presence>/
       1. present and distinguishable from surrounding vestiture/
       2. absent or indistinguishable from surrounding vestiture/

#41. outer scapular bristle <color>/
       1. dark/
       2. pale/

#42. postpronotal bristle <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/

#43. presutural dorsocentral bristle <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/

#44. presutural supra-alar bristle <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/

#45. postsutural supra-alar bristle <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/

#46. acrostichal bristle <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/

#47. postsutural dorsocentral bristle <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/

#48. postsutural dorsocentral bristles <position>/
       1. on or just behind transverse suture/
       2. between transverse suture and postsutural supra-alar bristles/
       3. aligned with postsutural supra-alar bristles or slightly behind/
       4. about midway between postsutural supra-alar and post-alar bristles/
       5. approximately aligned with or posterior to post-alar bristles/

#49. intra-alar bristle <presence>/
       1. present, well developed, similar to postalar bristle/
       2. absent, or minute, about twice as long as nearby setulae/

#50. intrapostalar bristles <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/

#51. number of scutellar bristles/
       1. one pair/
       2. two pairs/
       3. three pairs <Acanthonevrini>/
       4. four to six pairs <\i{}Xarnuta\i0{}>/

#52. the single pair of scutellar bristles <position>/
       1. apical/
       2. basal/

#53. apical scutellar bristles <length>/
       1. as long as basals or longer/
       2. 50%-90% as long as basals/
       3. less than half as long as basals/

#54. anterior notopleural bristle <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/

#55. posterior notopleural bristle(s) <shape>/
       1. acuminate/
       2. lanceolate/

#56. number of outstanding anepisternal bristles/
       1. one/
       2. two/
       3. three to five/
       4. zero/

#57. katepisternal bristles <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/

#58. anepisternal bristles <color>/
       1. dark, brown to black/
       2. pale, yellowish/

#59. long, erect setulae on laterotergite <presence>/
       1. present <Adramini>/
       2. absent/

#60. scutal setulae <shape and coloration>/
       1. acuminate and dark/
       2. acuminate and pale/
       3. lanceolate and pale/
       4. acuminate, mixed dark and pale/

#61. scutellum <vestiture>/
       1. non-setulose/
       2. sparsely setulose/
       3. densely setulose <similar to scutum>/

#62. setulae on scutellum <length>/
       1. long, erect/
       2. short, decumbent/

#63. setulae on scutellum <color, shape>/
       1. unicolorous, acuminate/
       2. some strikingly pale, lanceolate/

#64. transverse suture <completeness>/
       1. almost complete/
       2. with the lateral branches wide apart/

#65. complete sclerotized postcoxal metathoracic bridge <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent or semimembranous/

#66. scutum <ground color, other than stripes, bands, or spots>/
       1. yellowish <Terelliini>/
       2. orange-brown/
       3. red-brown/
       4. fuscous/
       5. black with orange to red-brown areas/
       6. black/

#67. scutum <pattern>/
       1. with a large dark central stripe which broadens basally, reaching the
          sides of the scutum/
       2. without a large dark central stripe which broadens basally/

#68. postpronotal lobe <color>/
       1. entirely pale whitish or yellowish <markedly lighter than ground
          color>/
       2. posterior one-half to two-thirds pale whitish or yellowish/
       3. predominantly of the ground color <not pale whitish or yellowish>/
       4. pale whitish or yellowish, with a large central dark spot/

#69. postpronotal lobe <color compared with lateral postsutural stripe>/
       1. concolorous with lateral postsutural stripe/
       2. darker than lateral postsutural stripe/

#70. posterior half of notopleuron <color>/
       1. pale whitish or yellowish <markedly lighter than ground color>/
       2. same as ground color/

#71. scutum dorsad of notopleuron <color>/
       1. of the ground color, not whitish or yellowish/
       2. with a pale whitish or yellowish stripe which extends from
          postpronotal lobe to posterior half of notopleuron/
       3. with a pale stripe which extends from the postpronotal lobe dorsad of
          the anterior notopleuron, not reaching the posterior half of the
          notopleuron <\i{}M. citricola\i{}, \i0{}A. grandis\i0{}>/
       4. with a pale stripe which extends from the postpronotal lobe dorsad of
          the darker anterior notopleuron, and over posterior part of posterior
          notopleuron <\i{}A. bicolor\i0{}, \i{}A. daciformis\i0{}, \i{}A.
          pallens\i0{}, \i{}A. stonei\i0{}>/

#72. dark lyre-like pattern on scutum <presence>/
       1. present <although sometimes somewhat obscure>/
       2. absent/

#73. discrete shiny black spots on scutum <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/

#74. median longitudinal black stripe on scutum <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/

#75. number of pale whitish to yellow postsutural stripes/
       1. one <medial>/
       2. two (lateral) <extending toward intra-alar bristle>/
       3. three <both medial and lateral>/
       4. four <lateral and sublateral, extending toward dorsocentral bristle>/
       5. five <lateral, sublateral, and medial (may be fused posteriorly)>/
       6. two (sublateral) <often appearing as a pair of spots (which may be
          fused) at the scutoscutellar suture>/
       7. zero <no medial, lateral, or sublateral postsutural stripes>/

#76. pale medial postsutural stripe of scutum <shape>/
       1. reduced to a small oval spot/
       2. lenticular/
       3. linear/
       4. tear-drop shaped/
       5. wedge-shaped <quadrilateral>/
       6. wedge-shaped <triangular>/
       7. linear, with posterior part expanded, ovoid or triangular/
       8. linear, with posterior part expanded, quadrate/
       9. linear, bilobed posteriorly/

#77. lateral postsutural stripes of scutum <extent>/
       1. short, ending anterior to or near level of postsutural supra-alar
          bristles/
       2. ending anterior to intra-alar bristles/
       3. extending to intra-alar bristles or beyond/
       4. continuing along side of scutellum/

#78. scutum <presence of dorsocentral stripe>/
       1. with blackish dorsocentral stripe <sometimes interrupted at transverse
          suture>/
       2. without blackish dorsocentral stripe <dorsocentral area no darker than
          lateral area with supra-alar and post-alar bristles>/

#79.  area bordering scutoscutellar suture medially <presence of dark
          brown spot>/
       1. with dark brown spot/
       2. without dark brown spot, <more or less uniformly> light colored/
       3. without dark brown spot, <more or less uniformly> brown/

#80. discrete pale horizontal stripe along upper anepisternum <presence>/
       1. present and distinct, extending from postpronotal lobe to <or nearly
          to> wing base/
       2. absent or indistinct/

#81. distinct pale vertical anepisternal stripe <presence, forward extent>/
       1. extending to notopleuron/
       2. extending halfway between posterior half of notopleuron and anterior
          notopleural bristle/
       3. extending to anterior notopleural bristle/
       4. extending halfway between anterior notopleural bristle and
          postpronotal lobe/
       5. extending to postpronotal lobe/
       6. absent/

#82. katepisternite with pale yellowish or whitish spot <presence>/
       1. present and distinct/
       2. absent or indistinct/

#83. transverse suture <color anterior to suture>/
       1. with pale transverse stripe extending medially from notopleuron
          anterior to suture/
       2. with a small pale spot anterior to suture/
       3. covered by extension of postsutural lateral stripe/
       4. without distinct stripe or spot/

#84. katatergite with pale yellowish or whitish spot <presence>/
       1. present and distinct/
       2. absent or indistinct/

#85. anatergite with pale yellowish or whitish spot <presence>/
       1. present and distinct/
       2. absent or indistinct/

#86. subscutellum <color and markings>/
       1. uniformly yellowish to pale orange-brown/
       2. uniformly brown/
       3. uniformly black/
       4. yellowish to orange-brown medially, with distinct dark spots
          laterally/
       5. dark medially & laterally, with yellowish to orange brown spots
          sublaterally <C. cosyra>/
       6. yellowish to orange-brown, with medial black spot <stonei>/

#87. mediotergite <color and markings>/
       1. uniformly yellowish to orange-brown/
       2. uniformly brown <dark brown>/
       3. uniformly black/
       4. yellowish to orange-brown medially, with distinct dark spots
          laterally/
       5. dark medially & laterally, with yellowish to orange brown spots
          sublaterally <C. cosyra>/
       6. yellowish to orange-brown, with medial black spot <\i{}E.
          canadensis\i0{}>/

#88. dark brown scutal setulae on dorsocentral stripe <continuity>/
       1. continuous, evenly distributed, without non-setulose areas <\i{}A.
          bistrigata\i0{}>/
       2. discontinuous, with 2 non-setulose areas <\i{}A. striata\i0{}>/

#89. scutum <microtrichia pattern)>/
       1. entirely microtrichose, microtrichia evenly distributed, or at most
          with small presutural, medial bare area/
       2. microtrichia in discrete pattern due to density differences/
       3. microtrichia in discrete pattern due to bare areas or completely
          absent/

#90. scutum <pattern of nonmicrotrichose areas>/
       1. mostly microtrichose, with only a presutural, medial bare area/
       2. microtrichose except elongate bare areas on dorsocentral stripe and
          sometimes broad area anteromedially/
       3. microtrichia absent or at most present on or lateral to postsutural
          lateral white stripe, along posterior margin, and/or along transverse
          suture/

#91. dorsum of scutellum <shape>/
       1. flat or slightly convex, not swollen/
       2. convex and swollen/

#92. scutellum <shape>/
       1. normal/
       2. bilobed/

#93. scutellum <presence of dark and pale pattern>/
       1. with a dark and pale pattern/
       2. without a dark and pale pattern (at most a narrow dark basal line)/

#94. scutellum with <number of isolated dark spots>/
       1. one isolated dark spot/
       2. two isolated dark spots/
       3. three isolated dark spots/
       4. four isolated dark spots/
       5. five isolated dark spots/
       6. no isolated dark spots/

#95. scutellum <presence and extent of black mark>/
       1. without black mark <other than a narrow black area at base>/
       2. with a basal triangular black mark that does not extend to apex/
       3. with a black mark extending to apex, leaving only lateral areas pale/
       4. with a black mark confined to apex/
       5. entirely black/
       6. with lateral black marks extending apically, leaving apical area pale/
       7. with a pair of mediolateral black marks or transverse medial band/
       8. with a dark mark around margin, leaving discal area pale/
       9. broadly black basally/

#96. scutellum <presence and extent of orange-brown mark)>/
       1. without mark <other than a narrow line at base>/
       2. marked orange-brown in basal quarter - rest dull yellow/
       3. with basal third to half darker orange or brown, and distinctly
          delimited laterally from yellowish apical part/
       4. marked with an orange-brown triangle <\i{}B. halfordiae\i0{}>/
       5. orange-brown except lateral margins <\i{}B. xanthodes\i0{}>/
       6. with apical orange mark <\i{}B. depressa\i0{}>/

#97. femora <shape>/
       1. slender/
       2. swollen/

#98. fore femur <type of posteroventral setation>/
       1. with spinelike bristles/
       2. with regular bristles/
       3. without bristles/

#99. fore femur <ventral spines>/
       1. without ventral spines/
       2. with 1 strong black ventral spine <\i{}A. determinata\i0{}>/
       3. with 3-4 strong black ventral spines <\i{}C. petioliforma\i0{}>/
       4. with more than 5 strong black ventral spines <7-8 in \i{}M.
          nudiseta\i0{}>/

#100. fore femur <setation>/
       1. with more than 4 conspicuous rows of bristles/
       2. with 1 to 3 posterodorsal and 1 posteroventral rows of bristles only/
       3. without major bristles/

#101. mid femur and hind femur <setation>/
       1. with anteroventral and posteroventral rows of small, stout, spine-like
          bristles/
       2. without spine-like bristles/

#102. middle leg of male <feathering>/
       1. without feathering/
       2. only tibia with feathering/
       3. both femur and tibia with feathering/

#103. femora <color>/
       1. all entirely of one color/
       2. at least one femur markedly darker in apical part than in basal part/
       3. at least one femur markedly paler in apical part than in middle or
          basal part/

#104. dark mark on fore femur <extent>/
       % of length of femur/

#105. dark mark on middle femur <extent>/
       % of length of femur/

#106. dark mark on hind femur <extent>/
       % of length of femur/

#107. wing <microtrichia coverage>/
       1. partly bare/
       2. with microtrichia covering entire wing/

#108. cell bc microtrichia <presence, coverage>/
       1. absent/
       2. present in apical area only/
       3. covering whole cell/
       4. present on anterior margin only/
       5. present in apical and basal areas, or with apical microtrichose area
          continuing basad in the central part of the cell, with anterior and
          posterior margins bare <\i{}C. catoirii\i0{}>/

#109. cell c microtrichia <presence, coverage>/
       1. absent/
       2. present in apical area/
       3. covering whole cell/
       4. present except posterior or posteromedial bare area/
       5. present in apical and basal areas <\i{}T. marshalli\i0{}, \i{}Z.
          electa\i0{}>/

#110. cell bm <microtrichia, coverage>/
       1. microtrichose only on narrow subapical streak/
       2. with apical half microtrichose/

#111. cell dm <microtrichia, coverage>/
       1. entirely microtrichose/
       2. bare on basal one-third to one-half/
       3. bare on less than basal one-third/

#112. cell cup <microtrichia, coverage>/
       1. with large anterior bare area/
       2. entirely microtrichose/

#113. dense microtrichia at end of vein A1+CuA2 in male <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/

#114. dominant wing pattern <type>/
       1. cross-banded <at least one dark band crossing most of wing>/
       2. costal-banded <costal border beyond Sc & usually cell cup dark>/
       3. reticulate <numerous hyaline spots or marginal incisions>/
       4. stellate <dark preapical spot with dark rays>/
       5. mostly hyaline <with few spots and no crossbands>/
       6. mostly dark <with few hyaline spots or incisions>/

#115. crossbanded wing patterns <type>/
       1. \i{}Anastrepha\i0{}-like <S- band present>/
       2. \i{}Rhagoletis\i0{}-like <well defined discal, subapical & apical
          bands>/
       3. \i{}Ceratitis\i0{}-like <cross-bands plus basal longitudinal dark
          marks>/
       4. with bands extensively fused, distorted, or greatly reduced/

#116. wing pattern <color>/
       1. mostly yellowish/
       2. mostly brownish/
       3. mostly blackish/

#117. dark longitudinal streaks through basal cells <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/

#118. costal band <length>/
       1. with only cell sc colored/
       2. with only cell sc and apex of vein R4+5 colored/
       3. with only cells sc, r1, and apex of vein R4+5 colored/
       4. with only cells sc and r1 colored/
       5. colored from Sc to beyond R4+5/
       6. complete from wing base to beyond R4+5/
       7. colored from wing base to cell sc <or if cells bc and c are nearly
          hyaline, then colored from base of cell br to cell sc>/

#119. apex of costal band <whether expanded>/
       1. distinctly expanded into a spot/
       2. not distinctly expanded/

#120. costal band <depth just beyond end of R1>/
       1. not extending below R2+3/
       2. extending below R2+3/
       3. reaching R4+5/
       4. extending below R4+5/

#121. costal band <color>/
       1. all one color/
       2. pale, but darker at apex giving appearance of an apical spot/
       3. pterostigma darker/

#122. crossvein r-m <infuscation>/
       1. hyaline <occasionally may be covered anteriorly by costal band>/
       2. covered by short, diffuse infuscation <may be costal band spur>/
       3. covered by short, well-defined infuscation <may be costal band spur>/
       4. covered by a major crossband <discal crossband>/
       5. covered or mostly covered by broad costal band/

#123. crossvein dm-cu <infuscation>/
       1. hyaline/
       2. infuscated along entire length, but not reaching posterior margin of
          wing/
       3. infuscated at posterior end/
       4. covered by a major crossband <subapical crossband> which reaches
          posterior margin of wing/

#124. crossveins r-m and dm-cu <in single crossband>/
       1. both covered by a single crossband/
       2. not both covered by a single crossband/

#125. cell r2+3 apical to r-m <infuscation>/
       1. with large hyaline area/
       2. entirely infuscated <pattern sometimes diffuse yellowish, but no
          distinct hyaline area>/

#126. cell r2+3 subapical hyaline area <width>/
       1. broad, extending to vein R2+3/
       2. narrowed, not extending to vein R2+3/

#127. anal band <infuscation of cell cup>/
       1. present, reaching nearly to wing margin along cell cup extension/
       2. absent, or not reaching nearly to wing margin/

#128. cell r1 and r2+3 <pattern>/
       1. with distinctly darker spots within dark areas of pattern/
       2. without darker spots within the pattern/

#129. intercalary <accessory costal> band/
       1. present, distinct from apical band/
       2. present, but fused with apical band <\i{}R. turanica\i0{}>/
       3. absent/

#130. subbasal crossband <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/

#131. subbasal and discal crossbands <whether joined>/
       1. joined/
       2. not joined/

#132. marginal hyaline area in cell r1 <presence>/
       1. present and distinct/
       2. absent or indistinct/

#133. ratio of width of apical band in cell r4+5 to length of r-m/

#134. anterior apical crossband <separation from costa>/
       1. contiguous with costa over entire length, without marginal hyaline
          band or spots apically in cells r1 and r2+3/
       2. partly to entirely separated from costa by marginal hyaline band or
          spots/

#135. anterior apical band or costal band <whether extended to vein M>/
       1. extended to vein M/
       2. not extended to vein M/

#136. posterior apical crossband <presence>/
       1. present <may be fused to subapical and/or apical bands or reduced to
          an isolated spot between them>/
       2. absent/

#137. posterior apical crossband <fusion to other bands>/
       1. not fused to subapical or anterior apical bands/
       2. fused to subapical band <forming an inverted-V band,
          \i{}Anastrepha\i0{}>/
       3. fused to anterior apical band/
       4. fused to discal band but not subapical band <\i{}A. nigrifascia\i0{}>/

#138. costal and discal bands <whether joined on vein R4+5>/
       1. joined on vein R4+5/
       2. not joined on vein R4+5/

#139. discal band <angle>/
       1. strongly oblique in posterobasal-anteroapical direction, extended from
          apex of cell cup, across r-m to middle of cell r1/
       2. transverse, or oblique in anterobasal-posteroapical direction, or
          absent/

#140. discal and apical crossbands <whether joined>/
       1. directly joined/
       2. not directly joined/

#141. discal and subapical crossbands <whether joined>/
       1. joined along anterior wing margin or along vein R4+5/
       2. joined along vein M <G. diffusa etc.>/
       3. joined along posterior wing margin/
       4. not joined/

#142. discal and subapical bands <whether connected along vein R4+5>/
       1. connected along vein R4+5/
       2. not connected along vein R4+5/

#143. subapical and anterior apical crossbands <whether joined>/
       1. joined/
       2. not joined, subapical crossband not reaching costa/
       3. not joined, subapical crossband reaching costa/

#144. outstanding costal spine(s) at subcostal break <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/

#145. ratio of length of costal section 3 to costal section 4/

#146. ratio of pterostigmal length to width/

#147. vein R1 dorsal setation <presence of bar section>/
       1. with bare <non-setulose> section opposite end of vein Sc <sometimes
          very short>/
       2. without bare section opposite end of vein Sc/

#148. vein Rs dorsal setation <whether setulose>/
       1. setulose/
       2. non-setulose/

#149. vein R2+3 <shape>/
       1. generally straight/
       2. strongly sinuous/

#150. anteriorly-directed accessory vein emerging from R2+3 <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/

#151. vein R4+5 dorsal setation <presence, position>/
       1. absent/
       2. on node only/
       3. sparse, over proximal section only/
       4. sparse over both sections/
       5. dense over at least proximal section/

#152. vein R4+5 ventral setation <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent or only present on node or close thereafter/

#153. distance between crossvein r-m and costa <relative to r-m>/
       1. longer than r-m/
       2. equal to r-m/
       3. shorter than r-m <about half the length of r-m>/

#154. r-m crossvein on cell dm <position>/
       1. at or near proximal third of cell dm/
       2. at or near middle of cell dm/
       3. at or near distal third of cell dm/

#155. cell bm <shape>/
       1. broad, parallel-sided/
       2. narrow, triangular/

#156. cell bm ratio of length to width/

#157. cell bm ratio of width to cell cup width/

#158. vein M distally <orientation>/
       1. curved anterad/
       2. straight/
       3. curved posterad/

#159. cell dm widens apically <suddenly or gradually>/
       1. suddenly and strongly, just before crossvein r-m/
       2. gradually from base/

#160. posterodistal corner of cell dm <angle>/
       1. distinctly acute/
       2. approximately a right angle <or about = angle of anterior corner>/
       3. distinctly obtuse/

#161. cell cup extension or lobe <presence>/
       1. present, vein CuA2 abruptly bent/
       2. absent, vein CuA2 not abruptly bent/

#162. cell cup extension <length>/
       1. longer than vein A1+CuA2/
       2. shorter than vein A1+CuA2/

#163. cell cup extension <shape>/
       1. triangular/
       2. constricted in the middle/
       3. with parallel margins/

#164. abdomen <shape>/
       1. petiolate/
       2. ovate or parallel sided/

#165. abdominal tergites <fusion>/
       1. separate <at least tergites 3-5 separate>/
       2. fused/

#166. abdominal petiole <structure>/
       1. made of 1st tergite only/
       2. made of 1st+2nd tergites together/

#167. abdomen in lateral view <shape>/
       1. arched, dome-like, rather rigid/
       2. flatter, more flexible/

#168. abdominal tergite 1 <shape>/
       1. broader at apex than at base/
       2. parallel-sided/
       3. narrower at apex than at base/

#169. abdominal tergite 1 <presence of prominent hump laterally>/
       1. with a prominent hump laterally <\i{}Callantra\i0{}>/
       2. without a prominent hump laterally/

#170. pecten of dark bristles on tergite 3 of male <presence>/
       1. present <most Dacini>/
       2. absent <bristles not different from those of other segments>/

#171. tergal glands on tergite 5 <presence>/
       1. present <Dacini>/
       2. absent/

#172. abdominal tergite 5 <presence of large hump, in profile>/
       1. normal/
       2. with a large hump/

#173. 6th tergite of female <exposure>/
       1. normally concealed/
       2. exposed/

#174. 6th tergite of female <length relative to 5th>/
       1. shorter than 5th/
       2. as long as 5th/
       3. longer than 5th/

#175. abdominal setulae <shape and color against tergal background>/
       1. acuminate and dark/
       2. acuminate and pale/
       3. lanceolate and pale/
       4. mixed dark and pale acuminate/

#176. abdominal microtomentum <pattern>/
       1. uniform/
       2. in bands/
       3. a delicate reticulation/
       4. absent <or indistinct>/

#177. abdominal sternite 5 of male <width relative to length>/
       1. broad, at least 2x wider than long/
       2. less than 2x wider than long, not longer than wide/
       3. narrow, longer than wide/

#178. posterior margin of sternite 5 of male <depth of cavity>/
       1. with deep V-shaped posterior concavity <as defined by Drew, 1989>/
       2. with shallow posterior concavity/

#179. abdominal tergites 3-5 <color>/
       1. predominantly yellow to orange brown <may have stripes>/
       2. predominantly black <other than due to stripes>/

#180. abdominal tergites <presence and location of medial dark stripe>/
       1. with medial dark stripe on T3-T5 and a transverse dark line on T3
          <forming T-mark>/
       2. with medial dark stripe, usually on T3-T5/
       3. with medial dark stripe on T5 only/
       4. without medial dark stripe/

#181. abdominal tergites <presence of T-shaped yellow mark>/
       1. brown, with medial T-shaped yellow mark/
       2. not brown with medial T-shaped yellow mark <unicolorous or with other
          pattern>/

#182. abdominal tergites <presence of lateral dark areas>/
       1. with broadly contiguous dark areas on lateral margins of T3-T5/
       2. with separate dark areas on anterolateral margins of T3-T5/
       3. without isolated dark areas on lateral margins of T3-T5 <abdomen may
          be entirely dark, or banded>/

#183. abdominal tergites <presence of transverse bands>/
       1. with dark brown transverse bands <not due to microtrichia> which may
          be interrupted medially/
       2. without dark brown transverse bands/

#184. epandrium in posterior view <shape>/
       1. rounded or oval, including the short, undifferentiated outer surstyli/
       2. with moderately long outer surstyli, which are up to about half as
          long as epandrium/
       3. with long outer surstyli, which are more than half as long as
          epandrium/

#185. epandrium in lateral view <shape>/
       1. with outer surstyli a continuation of the epandrium/
       2. with outer surstyli distinctly narrower than epandrium, clearly
          differentiated/

#186. posterior lobe of surstylus <presence, length>/
       1. short or absent/
       2. long <about 6x as long as anterior lobe>/

#187. outer surstylus shape in posterior view <<record for \i{}Anastrepha\i0{}
          only>>/
       1. very short, barely extended beyond prensisetae, rounded apically/
       2. short, somewhat boot-shaped, truncate and with apex slightly laterally
          projected <leptozona shape>/
       3. short, acute apically <schultzi shape>/
       4. short, rounded apically <bezzii/grandis shape>/
       5. short and narrow, posterolaterally projected, rounded apically
          <punctata shape>/
       6. long, inner side concave apically <nunezae shape>/
       7. long, slightly tapered, somewhat truncate apically <fraterculus
          shape>/
       8. long, inner side convex, outer side concave <spatulata shape>/
       9. long, inner side convex, outer side projected medially, extreme apex
          sharply curved posteriorly <striata shape>/
       10. long, more or less acute apically <serpentina shape>/
       11. long, somewhat paddle-shaped, broad and truncate apically <ornata
          shape>/
       12. long, rounded apically <chiclayae shape>/

#188. aedeagus length/
       mm/

#189. aedeagus ratio of length to mesonotum length/

#190. distiphallus <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/

#191. distiphallus <presence of basolateral membranous lobe>/
       1. with basolateral membranous lobe <\i{}Anastrepha\i0{},
          \i{}Toxotrypana\i0{}, most dacines, some ceratitines>/
       2. without basolateral membranous lobe/

#192. distiphallus <sclerotization>/
       1. with extensive medial sclerotization <\i{}M. pardalina\i0{}, \i{}P.
          poeciloptera\i0{}, \i{}C. savastani\i0{}, \i{}M. citricola\i0{}>/
       2. mostly membranous medially, with small subapical sclerites
          <\i{}Toxotrypana\i0{}>/

#193. distiphallus <presence of stout, curved, basal spine>/
       1. with stout, curved, basal spine <\i{}Acanthiophilus\i0{},
          \i{}Trupanea\i0{}>/
       2. without stout, curved, basal spine/

#194. distiphallus <presence of basal setulose rod>/
       1. with basal setulose rod <\i{}Acanthiophilus\i0{}>/
       2. without basal setulose rod/

#195. sclerite of vesica of distiphallus <presence, shape>/
       1. present, an isolated rod <\i{}C. marginalis\i0{}, \i{}C.
          carthami\i0{}>/
       2. present, isolated, T-shaped <\i{}Anastrepha\i0{},
          \i{}Toxotrypana\i0{}>/
       3. absent <\i{}M. pardalina\i0{}, \i{}P. poeciloptera\i0{}, \i{}C.
          savastani\i0{}, \i{}M. citricola\i0{}>/

#196. syntergosternite 7 <curvature>/
       1. straight/
       2. strongly curved/

#197. syntergosternite 7 <relative length>/
       1. longer than rest of body/
       2. shorter than rest of body, but longer than preabdomen/
       3. shorter than preabdomen/

#198. syntergosternite 7 <length in ventral view>/
       mm/

#199. syntergosternite 7 base <presence of flap>/
       1. with a laterally projecting flap <usually also with a black spot on it
          between tergite and sternite 6> <\i{}Toxotrypana\i0{},
          \i{}Anastrepha\i0{}>/
       2. without a laterally projecting flap/

#200. syntergosternite 7 <shape>/
       1. conical/
       2. flattened <with lateral keel>/
       3. bottle-shaped <with distinct apical neck>/
       4. tubular/

#201. ratio of syntergosternite 7 to abdominal tergite 5/

#202. ratio of syntergosternite 7 length to mesonotum length/

#203. dorsobasal scales of eversible membrane <size, shape, number>/
       1. about as large as other scales <non-\i{}Anastrepha\i0{},
          \i{}Toxotrypana\i0{}>/
       2. somewhat enlarged <\i{}bezzi\i0{}, \i{}dentata\i0{},
          \i{}sagittata\i0{}>/
       3. numerous, very large, hook-like, in triangular pattern
          <\i{}grandis\i0{}>/
       4. apical row very large, stout, divided medially <\i{}bicolor\i0{},
          daciformis\i0{}, \i{}macrura\i0{}, \i{}pallens\i0{}, \i{}stonei\i0{}>/
       5. apical row with 3-5 very large, slender, strongly sclerotized scales
          <\i{}punctata\i0{}>/
       6. apical row with 6-10 very large, hooklike scales
          <\i{}nigrifascia\i0{}, \i{}robusta\i0{}>/

#204. aculeus length/
       mm/

#205. aculeus tip length/
       mm/

#206. aculeus tip width/
       mm/

#207. aculeus shaft <shape>/
       1. parallel-sided except extreme base/
       2. tapering gradually in basal half <A. montei>/

#208. aculeus tip <shape>/
       1. blunt/
       2. gradually tapering, needle-like, with flat cross-section/
       3. slender, needle-like, with circular cross-section/
       4. bilobed or apically emarginate/
       5. pointed, with preapical shoulder/
       6. trilobed/
       7. triangular/
       8. spatulate/
       9. gradually tapering, but with medial constriction/
       10. slender, with extreme apex sagittate/
       11. laterally compressed/
       12. with 2 V-shaped ridges, 1 dorsal and 1 ventral/

#209. aculeus tip <fusion of cerci>/
       1. fused to main part of aculeus, not movable/
       2. not fused to main part of aculeus, movable <tactile>/

#210. aculeus tip <extent of serration>/
       % serrated/

#211. aculeus tip <serration presence, size>/
       1. not serrate/
       2. with minute serration, visible only with compound microscope/
       3. with numerous fine to medium sized serrations/
       4. with large, coarse serrations <5 or fewer>/

#212. <number of sclerotized spermathecae>/
       1. one sclerotized spermatheca/
       2. two sclerotized spermathecae/
       3. three sclerotized spermathecae/
       4. without sclerotized spermathecae <spermathecae membranous>/

#213. spermathecae <shape>/
       1. tight-set coils/
       2. spherical/
       3. ovoid/
       4. elongate/

#214. <sex:>/
       1. male/
       2. female/

#215. male attractant: <see Notes>/
       1. none known/
       2. Cue-Lure/
       3. methyl eugenol/
       4. Tri-Med-Lure/
       5. Vert-Lure/
       6. terpinyl acetate/
       7. Willison's lure/
       8. isoeugenol/
       9. propyl-p-hydroxybenzoate/
       10. fresh paint/

#216. <biogeographic region:>/
       1. Nearctic/
       2. Neotropical/
       3. Palearctic/
       4. Afrotropical/
       5. Oriental/
       6. Australasian-Oceanian/

#217. <distribution:>/

#218. <subfamily:>/
       1. Dacinae/
       2. Phytalmiinae/
       3. Tephritinae/
       4. Trypetinae/

#219. <tribe of Dacinae:>/
       1. Ceratitidini/
       2. Dacini/

#220. <tribe of Phytalmiinae:>/
       1. Acanthonevrini/

#221. <tribe of Tephritinae:>/
       1. Eutretini/
       2. Noeetini/
       3. Tephritini/
       4. Terelliini/
       5. Xyphosiini/

#222. <tribe of Trypetinae:>/
       1. Adramini/
       2. Carpomyini/
       3. Toxotrypanini/
       4. Trypetini/
       5. Zaceratini/

#223. <taxonomic notes:>/

#224. abbreviated taxon name:/

#225. <illustrations>/
