| # Pest fruit flies of the world |

L.E. Carroll, I.M. White, A. Freidberg, A.L. Norrbom, M.J. Dallwitz, and F.C. Thompson

### Ceratitis connexa (Bezzi)

Hoplolophomyia connexa Bezzi

Body. Body plump; predominantly yellow.

Head. Number of frontal bristles one pair to three pairs. Number of orbital bristles two pairs. Anterior orbital bristle of male normal, unmodified. Posterior orbital bristles reclinate; acuminate. Ocellar bristles long, about as long as frontal bristles. Postocellar bristles present. With both inner and outer vertical bristles. Outer vertical, postvertical and postocellar bristles all acuminate. Postocular bristles acuminate; normal. Genal bristle present. Head higher than long. Male and female head width the same. Frontofacial angle about equal to a right angle and angular. Face concave; with distinct antennal grooves and carina (?); shorter than frons; vertical; without dark marks. Parafacial spot absent. Frons and parafacial without small silvery markings. Fronto-orbital plate setulose. Frontal stripe setulose. Eye round, about as high or slightly higher than long. Antenna considerably shorter than face, or about as long as face. Scape, pedicel, and first flagellomere all relatively short. First flagellomere shorter than face; rounded apically. Arista longer than first flagellomere; pubescent, with hairs about as long as greatest aristal width; hairs dorsal only, or both dorsal and ventral. Proboscis short, capitate.

Thorax. Inner scapular bristle present and distinguishable from surrounding vestiture; dark. Outer scapular bristle present and distinguishable from surrounding vestiture; dark. Postpronotal bristle present. Presutural dorsocentral bristle absent. Presutural supra-alar bristle present. Postsutural supra-alar bristle present. Acrostichal bristle present. Postsutural dorsocentral bristle present; bristles aligned with postsutural supra-alar bristles or slightly behind. Intra-alar bristle present, well developed, similar to postalar bristle. Intrapostalar bristles absent. Number of scutellar bristles two pairs. Apical scutellar bristles as long as basals or longer. Anterior notopleural bristle present. Posterior notopleural bristle(s) acuminate. Number of outstanding anepisternal bristles two. Katepisternal bristles present. Anepisternal bristles dark, brown to black. Long, erect setulae on laterotergite absent. Scutal setulae acuminate, mixed dark and pale. Scutellum sparsely setulose. Setulae on scutellum long, erect; unicolorous, acuminate. Transverse suture with the lateral branches wide apart. Complete sclerotized postcoxal metathoracic bridge absent or semimembranous. Scutum yellowish; without a large dark central stripe which broadens basally. Postpronotal lobe entirely pale whitish or yellowish. Posterior half of notopleuron pale whitish or yellowish. Scutum dorsad of notopleuron of the ground color, not whitish or yellowish (fulvous). Dark lyre-like pattern on scutum absent. Discrete shiny black spots on scutum present. Median longitudinal black stripe on scutum absent. Number of pale whitish to yellow postsutural stripes five. Pale medial postsutural stripe of scutum wedge-shaped, or linear, bilobed posteriorly. Scutum without blackish dorsocentral stripe. Area bordering scutoscutellar suture medially without dark brown spot, light colored. Discrete pale horizontal stripe along upper anepisternum absent or indistinct. Distinct pale vertical anepisternal stripe absent. Katepisternite with pale yellowish or whitish spot absent or indistinct. Transverse suture with pale transverse stripe extending medially from notopleuron anterior to suture, or covered by extension of postsutural lateral stripe. Katatergite with pale yellowish or whitish spot present and distinct, or absent or indistinct. Anatergite with pale yellowish or whitish spot present and distinct, or absent or indistinct. Subscutellum dark medially & laterally, with yellowish to orange brown spots sublaterally. Mediotergite uniformly yellowish to orange-brown. Scutum microtrichia in discrete pattern due to density differences. Dorsum of scutellum convex and swollen. Scutellum normal; with a dark and pale pattern; with three isolated dark spots (+ 0 basal?).

Legs. Femora slender. Fore femur with regular bristles; without ventral spines; with 1 to 3 posterodorsal and 1 posteroventral rows of bristles only. Mid femur and hind femur without spine-like bristles. Middle leg of male without feathering. Femora all entirely of one color; dark mark on fore femur 0% of length of femur; dark mark on middle femur 0% of length of femur; dark mark on hind femur 0% of length of femur.

Wings. Wing with microtrichia covering entire wing. Cell bc microtrichia covering whole cell. Cell c microtrichia covering whole cell. Cell dm entirely microtrichose. Dense microtrichia at end of vein A1+CuA2 in male absent. Dominant wing pattern cross-banded. Crossbanded wing patterns Ceratitis-like. Wing pattern mostly yellowish, or mostly brownish. Dark longitudinal streaks through basal cells present. Crossvein r-m covered by a major crossband. Crossvein dm-cu covered by a major crossband which reaches posterior margin of wing. Cell r2+3 apical to r-m with large hyaline area. Anal band absent, or not reaching nearly to wing margin. Cell r1 and r2+3 with distinctly darker spots within dark areas of pattern. Intercalary band absent. Subbasal crossband present. Subbasal and discal crossbands not joined. Marginal hyaline area in cell r1 absent or indistinct. Ratio of width of apical band in cell r4+5 to length of r-m 0.5–1. Anterior apical crossband partly to entirely separated from costa by marginal hyaline band or spots. Anterior apical band or costal band not extended to vein M. Posterior apical crossband present; fused to anterior apical band. Costal and discal bands not joined on vein R4+5. Discal band transverse, or oblique in anterobasal-posteroapical direction, or absent. Discal and apical crossbands directly joined, or not directly joined. Discal and subapical crossbands joined along anterior wing margin or along vein R4+5. Discal and subapical bands connected along vein R4+5. Subapical and anterior apical crossbands not joined, subapical crossband not reaching costa. Outstanding costal spine(s) at subcostal break present. Ratio of length of costal section 3 to costal section 4 0.4. Ratio of pterostigmal length to width 2.5. Vein R1 dorsal setation without bare section opposite end of vein Sc. Vein Rs dorsal setation non-setulose. Vein R2+3 generally straight. Anteriorly-directed accessory vein emerging from R2+3 absent. Vein R4+5 dorsal setation sparse over both sections, or dense over at least proximal section; ventral setation absent or only present on node or close thereafter. Distance between crossvein r-m and costa longer than r-m. R-m crossvein on cell dm at or near middle of cell dm. Cell bm narrow, triangular; ratio of length to width 3; ratio of width to cell cup width 1. Vein M distally straight. Cell dm widens apically gradually from base. Posterodistal corner of cell dm distinctly acute. Cell cup extension or lobe present, vein CuA2 abruptly bent; shorter than vein A1+CuA2; constricted in the middle.

Abdomen. Abdomen ovate or parallel sided. Abdominal tergites separate. Abdomen in lateral view flatter, more flexible. Abdominal tergite 1 broader at apex than at base; without a prominent hump laterally. Pecten of dark bristles on tergite 3 of male absent. Tergal glands on tergite 5 absent. Abdominal tergite 5 normal. 6th tergite of female normally concealed, or exposed (strap-like); shorter than 5th. Abdominal setulae mixed dark and pale acuminate. Abdominal microtomentum in bands. Abdominal sternite 5 of male broad, at least 2x wider than long. Posterior margin of sternite 5 of male with shallow posterior concavity. Abdominal tergites 3–5 predominantly yellow to orange brown. Abdominal tergites without medial dark stripe; not brown with medial T-shaped yellow mark; without isolated dark areas on lateral margins of T3-T5; without dark brown transverse bands.

Male terminalia. Epandrium in posterior view with moderately long outer surstyli, which are up to about half as long as epandrium; lateral view with outer surstyli distinctly narrower than epandrium, clearly differentiated.

Female terminalia. Syntergosternite 7 straight; shorter than preabdomen; base without a laterally projecting flap; conical, or bottle-shaped. Ratio of syntergosternite 7 to abdominal tergite 5 1.5. Dorsobasal scales of eversible membrane about as large as other scales (?). Aculeus tip fused to main part of aculeus, not movable.

Miscellaneous. Male attractant: none known.

Afrotropical. Nigeria, Kenya, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, South Africa.

Dacinae. Ceratitidini.

Illustrations. • Habitus male (dorsal), wing.

We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. This is much more easily achieved using the DELTA data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. See also Guidelines for using data taken from Web publications.

Cite this publication as: ‘L.E. Carroll, I.M. White, A. Freidberg, A.L. Norrbom, M.J. Dallwitz, and F.C. Thompson. 2002 onwards. Pest fruit flies of the world. Version: 2nd April 2019. delta-intkey.com’.

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