| # Pest fruit flies of the world |

L.E. Carroll, I.M. White, A. Freidberg, A.L. Norrbom, M.J. Dallwitz, and F.C. Thompson

### Craspedoxantha marginalis (Wiedemann)

Tephritis marginalis Wiedemann

Body. Body plump; predominantly yellow.

Head. Number of frontal bristles three pairs. Number of orbital bristles two pairs. Anterior orbital bristle of male normal, unmodified. Posterior orbital bristles mesoclinate; acuminate. Ocellar bristles long, about as long as frontal bristles. Postocellar bristles present. With both inner and outer vertical bristles. Outer vertical, postvertical and postocellar bristles – outer vertical bristles acuminate, postvertical and postocellar bristles lanceolate and pale. Postocular bristles acuminate, or lanceolate; normal. Genal bristle present. Head higher than long. Male and female head width the same. Frontofacial angle about equal to a right angle and angular. Face concave; without transverse sulcus, antennal grooves, or carina; shorter than frons; with ventral part projected, or vertical; without dark marks. Parafacial spot absent. Frons and parafacial without small silvery markings. Fronto-orbital plate setulose. Frontal stripe non-setulose. Eye elongate, considerably higher than long. Antenna about as long as face. Scape, pedicel, and first flagellomere all relatively short. First flagellomere shorter than face; rounded apically. Arista longer than first flagellomere; bare or with hairs distinctly shorter than greatest aristal width; hairs both dorsal and ventral. Proboscis short, capitate.

Thorax. Inner scapular bristle absent or indistinguishable from surrounding vestiture; pale. Outer scapular bristle absent or indistinguishable from surrounding vestiture; pale. Postpronotal bristle present. Presutural dorsocentral bristle absent. Presutural supra-alar bristle present. Postsutural supra-alar bristle present. Acrostichal bristle present. Postsutural dorsocentral bristle present; bristles between transverse suture and postsutural supra-alar bristles. Intra-alar bristle present, well developed, similar to postalar bristle. Intrapostalar bristles absent. Number of scutellar bristles two pairs. Apical scutellar bristles as long as basals or longer. Anterior notopleural bristle present. Posterior notopleural bristle(s) acuminate (pale). Number of outstanding anepisternal bristles two. Katepisternal bristles present. Anepisternal bristles pale, yellowish. Long, erect setulae on laterotergite absent. Scutal setulae lanceolate and pale. Scutellum sparsely setulose, or densely setulose. Setulae on scutellum short, decumbent; some strikingly pale, lanceolate. Transverse suture with the lateral branches wide apart. Complete sclerotized postcoxal metathoracic bridge absent or semimembranous. Scutum yellowish; without a large dark central stripe which broadens basally. Postpronotal lobe entirely pale whitish or yellowish. Posterior half of notopleuron pale whitish or yellowish. Scutum dorsad of notopleuron with a pale whitish or yellowish stripe which extends from postpronotal lobe to posterior half of notopleuron. Dark lyre-like pattern on scutum present. Discrete shiny black spots on scutum present. Median longitudinal black stripe on scutum absent. Number of pale whitish to yellow postsutural stripes two (lateral) (sublateral; lateral stripes are hard to see against pale background), or four. Lateral postsutural stripes of scutum short, ending anterior to or near level of postsutural supra-alar bristles. Scutum without blackish dorsocentral stripe. Area bordering scutoscutellar suture medially without dark brown spot, light colored. Discrete pale horizontal stripe along upper anepisternum absent or indistinct. Distinct pale vertical anepisternal stripe absent. Katepisternite with pale yellowish or whitish spot present and distinct. Transverse suture without distinct stripe or spot. Katatergite with pale yellowish or whitish spot present and distinct, or absent or indistinct. Anatergite with pale yellowish or whitish spot present and distinct, or absent or indistinct. Mediotergite uniformly brown, or uniformly black. Scutum entirely microtrichose, microtrichia evenly distributed, or at most with small presutural, medial bare area (except small dark spots), or microtrichia in discrete pattern due to density differences, or microtrichia in discrete pattern due to bare areas or completely absent. Dorsum of scutellum flat or slightly convex, not swollen. Scutellum normal; with a dark and pale pattern; with two isolated dark spots.

Legs. Femora slender. Fore femur with regular bristles; with 3–4 strong black ventral spines; with 1 to 3 posterodorsal and 1 posteroventral rows of bristles only. Mid femur and hind femur without spine-like bristles. Middle leg of male without feathering. Femora all entirely of one color; dark mark on fore femur 0% of length of femur; dark mark on middle femur 0% of length of femur; dark mark on hind femur 0% of length of femur.

Wings. Wing partly bare. Cell bc microtrichia covering whole cell. Cell c microtrichia covering whole cell. Cell dm entirely microtrichose, or bare on less than basal one-third. Dense microtrichia at end of vein A1+CuA2 in male absent. Dominant wing pattern costal-banded. Wing pattern mostly yellowish, or mostly brownish. Dark longitudinal streaks through basal cells absent. Costal band complete from wing base to beyond R4+5. Costal band extending below R2+3; pale, but darker at apex giving appearance of an apical spot. Crossvein r-m hyaline. Crossvein dm-cu hyaline. Crossveins r-m and dm-cu not both covered by a single crossband. Cell r2+3 apical to r-m with large hyaline area. Anal band absent, or not reaching nearly to wing margin. Cell r1 and r2+3 with distinctly darker spots within dark areas of pattern. Intercalary band absent. Subbasal crossband absent. Marginal hyaline area in cell r1 absent or indistinct. Ratio of width of apical band in cell r4+5 to length of r-m 0.75–1. Anterior apical band or costal band extended to vein M. Posterior apical crossband absent. Discal band transverse, or oblique in anterobasal-posteroapical direction, or absent. Outstanding costal spine(s) at subcostal break present. Ratio of length of costal section 3 to costal section 4 0.4–0.45. Ratio of pterostigmal length to width 3.5–4. Vein R1 dorsal setation with bare section opposite end of vein Sc, or without bare section opposite end of vein Sc. Vein Rs dorsal setation non-setulose. Vein R2+3 generally straight. Anteriorly-directed accessory vein emerging from R2+3 absent. Vein R4+5 dorsal setation absent, or on node only; ventral setation absent or only present on node or close thereafter. Distance between crossvein r-m and costa longer than r-m. R-m crossvein on cell dm at or near distal third of cell dm. Cell bm narrow, triangular; ratio of length to width 3.5–4; ratio of width to cell cup width 1–1.2. Vein M distally straight to curved posterad. Cell dm widens apically gradually from base. Posterodistal corner of cell dm approximately a right angle. Cell cup extension or lobe present, vein CuA2 abruptly bent; shorter than vein A1+CuA2; triangular.

Abdomen. Abdomen ovate or parallel sided. Abdominal tergites separate. Abdomen in lateral view flatter, more flexible. Abdominal tergite 1 broader at apex than at base; without a prominent hump laterally. Pecten of dark bristles on tergite 3 of male absent. Tergal glands on tergite 5 absent. Abdominal tergite 5 with a large hump. 6th tergite of female exposed; longer than 5th. Abdominal setulae mixed dark and pale acuminate. Abdominal microtomentum in bands, or absent. Abdominal sternite 5 of male less than 2x wider than long, not longer than wide. Posterior margin of sternite 5 of male with deep V-shaped posterior concavity. Abdominal tergites 3–5 predominantly yellow to orange brown. Abdominal tergites without medial dark stripe; not brown with medial T-shaped yellow mark; without isolated dark areas on lateral margins of T3-T5; without dark brown transverse bands.

Male terminalia. Epandrium in posterior view rounded or oval, including the short, undifferentiated outer surstyli; lateral view with outer surstyli a continuation of the epandrium. Distiphallus present; with extensive medial sclerotization; without stout, curved, basal spine; without basal setulose rod. Sclerite of vesica of distiphallus present, an isolated rod.

Female terminalia. Syntergosternite 7 straight; shorter than preabdomen; 4 mm; base without a laterally projecting flap; flattened. Ratio of syntergosternite 7 to abdominal tergite 5 5. Dorsobasal scales of eversible membrane about as large as other scales. Aculeus tip gradually tapering, needle-like, with flat cross-section; fused to main part of aculeus, not movable; 0% serrated; not serrate. Two sclerotized spermathecae. Spermathecae ovoid.

Miscellaneous. Male attractant: none known.

Afrotropical. Gambia; Sudan & Ethiopia S to Angola & South Africa.

Tephritinae. Terelliini.

Illustrations. • Habitus female (dorsal), wing. • Wing. • Head (lateral), thorax (dorsal), wing. • Female terminalia, male terminalia.

We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. This is much more easily achieved using the DELTA data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. See also Guidelines for using data taken from Web publications.

Cite this publication as: ‘L.E. Carroll, I.M. White, A. Freidberg, A.L. Norrbom, M.J. Dallwitz, and F.C. Thompson. 2002 onwards. Pest fruit flies of the world. Version: 2nd April 2019. delta-intkey.com’.

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