| # Pest fruit flies of the world |

L.E. Carroll, I.M. White, A. Freidberg, A.L. Norrbom, M.J. Dallwitz, and F.C. Thompson

### Euleia fratria (Loew)

Trypeta fratria Loew, Trypeta liogaster Thomson

Parsnip leaf miner.

Body. Body predominantly yellow, or predominantly orangish to brown.

Head. Number of frontal bristles three pairs. Number of orbital bristles two pairs. Anterior orbital bristle of male normal, unmodified. Posterior orbital bristles reclinate; acuminate. Ocellar bristles long, about as long as frontal bristles. Postocellar bristles present. With both inner and outer vertical bristles. Outer vertical, postvertical and postocellar bristles all acuminate. Postocular bristles acuminate; normal. Genal bristle present. Head higher than long. Male and female head width the same. Frontofacial angle much greater than a right angle and rounded. Face flat, or convex; with transverse sulcus (? some specimens with slight sulcus also), or with distinct antennal grooves and carina; shorter than frons; vertical; without dark marks. Parafacial spot absent. Frons and parafacial without small silvery markings. Fronto-orbital plate setulose. Frontal stripe setulose. Eye round, about as high or slightly higher than long. Antenna considerably shorter than face. Scape, pedicel, and first flagellomere all relatively short. First flagellomere shorter than face; rounded apically, or pointed dorsoapically (variable). Arista longer than first flagellomere; bare or with hairs distinctly shorter than greatest aristal width; hairs both dorsal and ventral. Proboscis short, capitate.

Thorax. Inner scapular bristle present and distinguishable from surrounding vestiture, or absent or indistinguishable from surrounding vestiture (sometimes absent, sometimes with supernumeraries); dark, or pale. Outer scapular bristle present and distinguishable from surrounding vestiture, or absent or indistinguishable from surrounding vestiture (sometimes absent, sometimes with supernumeraries); dark, or pale. Postpronotal bristle present. Presutural dorsocentral bristle absent. Presutural supra-alar bristle present. Postsutural supra-alar bristle present. Acrostichal bristle present. Postsutural dorsocentral bristle present; bristles aligned with postsutural supra-alar bristles or slightly behind. Intra-alar bristle present, well developed, similar to postalar bristle. Intrapostalar bristles absent. Number of scutellar bristles two pairs. Apical scutellar bristles as long as basals or longer. Anterior notopleural bristle present. Posterior notopleural bristle(s) acuminate. Number of outstanding anepisternal bristles one. Katepisternal bristles present. Anepisternal bristles dark, brown to black. Long, erect setulae on laterotergite absent. Scutal setulae acuminate and pale. Scutellum non-setulose, or sparsely setulose. Setulae on scutellum short, decumbent; unicolorous, acuminate. Transverse suture with the lateral branches wide apart. Complete sclerotized postcoxal metathoracic bridge absent or semimembranous. Scutum yellowish, or orange-brown; without a large dark central stripe which broadens basally. Postpronotal lobe predominantly of the ground color. Posterior half of notopleuron same as ground color. Scutum dorsad of notopleuron of the ground color, not whitish or yellowish. Dark lyre-like pattern on scutum absent. Discrete shiny black spots on scutum absent. Median longitudinal black stripe on scutum absent. Number of pale whitish to yellow postsutural stripes zero. Scutum without blackish dorsocentral stripe. Area bordering scutoscutellar suture medially without dark brown spot, light colored. Discrete pale horizontal stripe along upper anepisternum present and distinct, extending from postpronotal lobe to wing base, or absent or indistinct. Distinct pale vertical anepisternal stripe absent. Katepisternite with pale yellowish or whitish spot absent or indistinct. Transverse suture without distinct stripe or spot. Katatergite with pale yellowish or whitish spot absent or indistinct. Anatergite with pale yellowish or whitish spot absent or indistinct. Subscutellum uniformly yellowish to pale orange-brown, or uniformly brown. Mediotergite uniformly yellowish to orange-brown, or yellowish to orange-brown medially, with distinct dark spots laterally. Scutum entirely microtrichose, microtrichia evenly distributed, or at most with small presutural, medial bare area (minute). Dorsum of scutellum flat or slightly convex, not swollen. Scutellum normal; without a dark and pale pattern (at most a narrow dark basal line); with no isolated dark spots; without black mark; without mark.

Legs. Femora slender. Fore femur with regular bristles; without ventral spines; with 1 to 3 posterodorsal and 1 posteroventral rows of bristles only. Mid femur and hind femur without spine-like bristles. Middle leg of male without feathering. Femora all entirely of one color; dark mark on fore femur 0% of length of femur; dark mark on middle femur 0% of length of femur; dark mark on hind femur 0% of length of femur.

Wings. Wing with microtrichia covering entire wing. Cell bc microtrichia covering whole cell. Cell c microtrichia covering whole cell. Cell dm entirely microtrichose. Dense microtrichia at end of vein A1+CuA2 in male absent. Dominant wing pattern cross-banded. Crossbanded wing patterns Anastrepha-like. Wing pattern mostly yellowish, or mostly brownish. Dark longitudinal streaks through basal cells absent. Crossvein r-m covered by a major crossband. Crossvein dm-cu covered by a major crossband which reaches posterior margin of wing. Crossveins r-m and dm-cu ambiguous. Cell r2+3 apical to r-m with large hyaline area. Anal band absent, or not reaching nearly to wing margin. Cell r1 and r2+3 without darker spots within the pattern. Intercalary band absent. Subbasal crossband present. Subbasal and discal crossbands joined. Marginal hyaline area in cell r1 present and distinct. Ratio of width of apical band in cell r4+5 to length of r-m 1. Anterior apical crossband contiguous with costa over entire length, without marginal hyaline band or spots apically in cells r1 and r2+3. Anterior apical band or costal band extended to vein M. Posterior apical crossband present; fused to subapical band, or fused to anterior apical band (fused to discal band). Costal and discal bands joined on vein R4+5. Discal band strongly oblique in posterobasal-anteroapical direction, extended from apex of cell cup, across r-m to middle of cell r1. Discal and apical crossbands directly joined. Discal and subapical crossbands joined along vein M, or joined along posterior wing margin. Subapical and anterior apical crossbands joined (indirect), or not joined, subapical crossband not reaching costa. Outstanding costal spine(s) at subcostal break present. Ratio of length of costal section 3 to costal section 4 0.33. Ratio of pterostigmal length to width 1.5–2. Vein R1 dorsal setation without bare section opposite end of vein Sc. Vein Rs dorsal setation non-setulose. Vein R2+3 generally straight. Anteriorly-directed accessory vein emerging from R2+3 absent. Vein R4+5 dorsal setation sparse over both sections; ventral setation absent or only present on node or close thereafter. Distance between crossvein r-m and costa longer than r-m. R-m crossvein on cell dm at or near distal third of cell dm. Cell bm narrow, triangular; ratio of length to width 3; ratio of width to cell cup width 1. Vein M distally straight. Cell dm widens apically gradually from base. Posterodistal corner of cell dm approximately a right angle, or distinctly obtuse. Cell cup extension or lobe present, vein CuA2 abruptly bent; longer than vein A1+CuA2; triangular.

Abdomen. Abdomen ovate or parallel sided. Abdominal tergites separate. Abdomen in lateral view flatter, more flexible. Abdominal tergite 1 broader at apex than at base; without a prominent hump laterally. Pecten of dark bristles on tergite 3 of male absent. Tergal glands on tergite 5 absent. Abdominal tergite 5 normal. 6th tergite of female exposed; shorter than 5th. Abdominal setulae acuminate and dark. Abdominal microtomentum absent. Abdominal sternite 5 of male less than 2x wider than long, not longer than wide. Posterior margin of sternite 5 of male with shallow posterior concavity. Abdominal tergites 3–5 predominantly yellow to orange brown. Abdominal tergites without medial dark stripe; not brown with medial T-shaped yellow mark; without isolated dark areas on lateral margins of T3-T5; without dark brown transverse bands.

Male terminalia. Epandrium in posterior view with long outer surstyli, which are more than half as long as epandrium; lateral view with outer surstyli distinctly narrower than epandrium, clearly differentiated.

Female terminalia. Syntergosternite 7 straight; shorter than preabdomen; base without a laterally projecting flap; flattened. Ratio of syntergosternite 7 to abdominal tergite 5 0.5–0.75. Dorsobasal scales of eversible membrane about as large as other scales (?). Aculeus tip gradually tapering, needle-like, with flat cross-section; fused to main part of aculeus, not movable; 0% serrated; not serrate. Three sclerotized spermathecae.

Miscellaneous. Male attractant: none known.

Nearctic. Canada & USA (British Columbia & Quebec S to n. California, Mississippi & Florida).

Trypetinae. Trypetini.

Illustrations. • Wing. • Wing.

We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. This is much more easily achieved using the DELTA data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. See also Guidelines for using data taken from Web publications.

Cite this publication as: ‘L.E. Carroll, I.M. White, A. Freidberg, A.L. Norrbom, M.J. Dallwitz, and F.C. Thompson. 2002 onwards. Pest fruit flies of the world. Version: 2nd April 2019. delta-intkey.com’.

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