| # Festuca of North America |

S.G. Aiken, M.J. Dallwitz, C.L. McJannet, and L.L. Consaul

### Festuca vivipara subsp. vivipara (L.) Sm.

Fl. Brit. 1: 114. 1800.

Notes. This subspecies does not occur in North America (Aiken and Darbyshire 1990). These authors noted that "the name F. vivipara has been applied by authors in various ways. For example, Hitchcock and Chase (1951), Boivin (1967), and Scoggan (1978) applied it to any fescue of the ovina group with proliferating spikelets. Other authors, including Frederiksen (1981), Pavlick (1984), and Alexeev (1984, 1985), recognized and named various entities at subspecific or specific ranks. The diversity of morphological form and chromosome number indicate a polyphyletic origin for F. vivipara (sensu amplissima). Several authors have suggested that the viviparous Festuca may be species complexes of hybrid origin that have become stabilized by means of vivipary (Flovik 1938, Löve and Löve 1956, Tzvelev 1972b, Siplivinskii 1973)

We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. This is much more easily achieved using the DELTA data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations with detailed captions, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. See also Guidelines for using data taken from Web publications.

Cite this publication as: ‘Aiken, S.G., Dallwitz, M.J., McJannet, C.L. and Consaul, L.L. 1996 onwards. Festuca of North America: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. Version: 14th February 2019. delta-intkey.com’. Aiken, Dallwitz, McJannet, and Consaul (1997) should also be cited (see References).

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