*SHOW ~ Families of British Spiders. 04-SEP-04 
 
*ITEM DESCRIPTIONS 
 
# Agelenidae/
2<Funnel-web Spiders, Cobweb Spiders> 4,2-17 6,2<mainly>/3 7<diverse in
form,>,1/2/3-4 10,2 11,1 13,1 18,1 26,1 28,2 31,2 33,2 35,1 42,2
44,3<the posterior, larger pair> 45,2 46,1 47,- 48,1 49,4/3<usually with
a tubular retreat at one corner, prey being attacked on the upper side
of the web> 52,17 53<7 genera: \i{}Agelena\i0{}, \i{}Cicurina\i0{},
\i{}Coelotes\i0{}, \i{}Cryphoecia\i0{}, \i{}Tegenaria\i0{},
\i{}Tetrix\i0{}, and \i{}Tuberta\i0{}> 55<The tarsi bear a series of
trichobothria, increasing in length acopetally. These are the common
formers of large, sheet cobwebs in buildings, but in more confined
spaces the webs tend to be funnel-shaped; and in very enclosed places,
such as under stones, they tend to be tubular> 56<agelenid> 
 
# Amaurobiidae/
2<Lace-webbed Spiders> 4,4-15 6,2/3 7,1/2<about as long to about 2.5
times as long as the body> 10,2 11,1 13,1<light in colour> 18,1 28,1
29,2 31,2 35,1 45,1 48,1 49,2<these fuzzy, with a circular retreat, in
walls or tree bark> 52,3 53<the genus \i{}Amaurobius\i0{}> 56<amaurobi> 
 
# Anyphaenidae/
2<Buzzing Spider> 4,4-7.5 6,2 7,1/2<to about twice as long as the body>
10,2 11,1 13,1 18,1 28,2 31,1 32,1 35,1-2 36,1 41,1 45,2 46,1 48,2
50,2<hunting over foliage of trees and shrubs, rarely found on the
ground> 52,1 53<the genus \i{}Anyphaena\i0{} (\i{}A. accentuata\i0{})>
56<anyphaen> 
 
# Araneidae/
1<including \i{}Zygiella\i0{}, cf. Platnick 2002> 2<Orb Weavers> 4,3-15
5,- 6,3<females>/2-3<males> 7,1/2<occasionally to about 3 times the body
length, e.g. in male \i{}Zygiella\i0{}, but mostly less than twice as
long> 10,2 11,1 13,1 17,2-3 18,1 19,1 20,1 28,2 31,2 33,2
34,2<sometimes, e.g. in \i{}Gibbaranea bituberculosa\i0{}>/1<often much
inflated anteriorly> 35,1<nearly always>/2<e.g., occasionally in male
\i{}Hypsosinga pygmaea\i0{}> 38,1<e.g., \i{}Araniella
cucurbitina\i0{}>/2 45,2 46,1 48,1 49,1<in various habitats, with closed
hubs, those of \i{}Zygiella\i0{} with a segment missing> 52,33 53<about
15 genera (i.e., with \i{}Araneus\i0{} broken up, and including
\i{}Zygiella\i0{}): \i{}Agalenatea\i0{}, \i{}Araneus\i0{},\i{}
Araniella\i0{}, \i{}Argiope\i0{}, \i{}Cercidia\i0{},\i{} Cyclosa\i0{},
\i{}Gibbaranea\i0{}, \i{}Hypsosinga\i0{}, \i{}Larinioides\i0{},
\i{}Mangora\i0{}, \i{}Neoscona\i0{}, \i{}Nuctenea\i0{}, \i{}Singa\i0{},
\i{}Zilla\i0{} and \i{}Zygiella\i0{}> 55<the labium is swollen distally,
and the male palp exhibits a paracymbium. The chelicerae lack
stridulating ridges, but usually bear a lateral condyle, and their
posterior margins bear one or more teeth> 56<araneida> 
 
# Atypidae/
2<Purse Web Spiders> 4,7-18 6,1-2<males>/2-3<females> 7,1<somewhat
shorter than the body to only slightly longer> 10,2 11,5 15,1 18,1 28,2
31,2 35,2 44,2<and long> 45,2 47,1<most of this being buried in soft
earth or litter> 48,2 50,1<the spider lurks within the exposed part of
its tube, and it spears insects crossing this, pinning them against the
wall with its long fangs; then it cuts the wall with its
specially-adapted chelicerae, in order to drag the victim inside for
consumption> 52,1 53<the genus \i{}Atypus\i0{} (\i{}A. affinis\i0{})>
56<atypidae> 
 
# Clubionidae/
1<excluding \i{}Liocranidae\i0{}> 2<Foliage Spiders> 4,3-10 6,2
7,1<mostly>/2<sometimes more than twice the body length in male
\i{}Cheiracanthium\i0{}> 10,2 11,1<the posterior medians circular, by
contrast with most Gnaphosiidae> 13,1 18,1 22,2 28,2 30,1 31,1 32,1
35,1/2 39,2 43,2<hiding the medians> 44,1/3 45,2 46,1 47,1<the retreats
made on foliage and grass> 50,2<hunting nocturnally> 52,23 53<the genera
\i{}Cheiracanthium\i0{}, \i{}Clubiona\i0{}, and \i{}Phrurolithus\i0{}>
55<the total width of the eye group usually at least half the maximum
width of the carapace, by contrast with \i{}Liocranidae\i0{}, but
\i{}Phrurolithus\i0{} constitutes an exception> 56<clubioni> 
 
# Cybaeidae/
1<\i{}Argyronetidae\i0{}; ~\i{}Agelenidae\i0{}> 2<Water Spider> 3,3
4,8-15 6,2<males>/3<females> 7,1<about as long as the body to somewhat
longer> 10,2 11,1 13,1 18,1 28,2 31,2 35,2<dark> 41,2 45,2 46,1 47,2
48,2 50,2<swimming and hunting in slow-moving water> 52,1 53<the genus
\i{}Argyroneta\i0{} (\i{}A. aquatica\i0{})> 56<argyrone> 
 
# Dictynidae/
2<Mesh-webbed Spiders> 4,1-4 5,- 6,2-3/3 7,1<from about as long as the
body to about 1.5 times as long> 10,2 11,1 13,3 18,1 27,2 28,1 29,1 31,2
35,1 37,3/4<yellowish to green with white spots, or in \i{}Nigma\i0{}
sometimes entirely red, or with a red stripe> 38,1<sometimes, in
\i{}Nigma\i0{}>/2 45,1 48,1 49,3<these fuzzy, in plant inflorescences or
across leaves> 52,15 53<the genera \i{}Altella\i0{}, \i{}Argenna\i0{},
\i{}Dictyna\i0{}, \i{}Lathys\i0{}, and \i{}Nigma\i0{}> 56<dictynid> 
 
# Dysderidae/
2<Six-eyed Spiders> 4,4-15 6,1/2 7,1/2<from less than the body length to
almost twice its length> 10,1 12,1<this anteriorly open, or more or less
closed> 18,2 28,2 31,1/2 32,1<when two-clawed>/2 35,2 39,1 41,2 45,2
46,2 47,1<under stones> 48,2 50,2<nocturnal hunters> 52,3 53<the genera
\i{}Dysdera\i0{} and \i{}Harpactea\i0{}> 56<dysderid> 
 
# Eresidae/
2<Ladybird Spider> 4,4-15 6,2 7,1 10,2 11,7 28,1 31,2 35,1<the
male>/2<the female> 37,1<in the male>/4<the female being almost
uniformly velvety black> 45,1 47,1<this mostly buried, up to 8 cm deep>
48,1 49,2-3<the uppermost, exposed part of the silken tube is extended
on one side into a roof-like structure, from which threads extending
into the surounding vegetation constitute a small sheet web for snaring
ground-running invertebrates> 52,1 53<the genus \i{}Eresus\i0{} (\i{}E.
sandaliatus\i0{})> 54,1<and known from only one locality> 56<eresidae> 
 
# Gnaphosidae/
2<Ground Spiders> 4,2-18 6,1-2 7,1 10,2 11,1<the posterior medians
usually oval> 13,1 18,1 22,2 28,2 31,1 32,1 35,1/2 39,2 41,3
43<usually>,1<so that the medians are readily visible> 45,2 46,1 48,2
50,2<hunting on the ground, mainly feeding on other spiders> 52,33
53<the genera \i{}Callilepis\i0{}, \i{}Drassodes\i0{},
\i{}Drassyllus\i0{}, \i{}Gnaphosa\i0{}, \i{}Haplodrassus\i0{},
\i{}Micaria\i0{}, \i{}Phaeocedus\i0{}, \i{}Scotophaeus\i0{},
\i{}Trachyzelotes\i0{}, \i{}Urozelotes\i0{}, and \i{}Zelotes\i0{}>
55<the posterior median eyes are usually oval, and the cylindrical,
slightly longer anterior spinners are usually separated, so that the
median spinners are readily visible; but \i{}Scotophaeus\i0{} and some
\i{}Zelotes\i0{} have circular posterior median eyes, and in
\i{}Micaria\i0{} the anterior spinners are not separated> 56<gnaphosi> 
 
# Hahniidae/
2<Lesser Cobweb Spiders> 4,1.3-3 6,2/3 7,1 10,2 11,1 13,1 18,1 28,2 31,2
35,1 41,1/3 42,1 44,3<the outer ones> 45,2 46,1 48,1 49,3<making small
webs on the ground, in soil, moss and leaf litter> 52,7 53<the genera
\i{}Antistea\i0{} and \i{}Hahnia\i0{}> 56<hahniida> 
 
# Linyphiidae/
1<including \i{}Microphantidae\i0{} (= Erigoninae)> 2<Money Spiders>
4,1.5-3.5<Erigoninae>/1.2-6(-7.2)<Linyphiinae> 7,1<rarely>/2-3<the
Erigoninae being generally relatively short-legged, the Linyphiinae
relatively long- and slender-legged, but the legs rarely more than three
times the body length> 9,1<in the males of some Erigoninae, sometimes
spectacularly so, e.g. in \i{}Walckenaeria\i0{} spp.>/2 10,2
11<basically>,1<but in some Erigoninae the pattern is disturbed in that
some of the eyes are elevated on lobes. This is spectacularly
exemplified in males of \i{}Walckenaeria acuminata\i0{}, where the the
caput exhibits a slender elongation bearing the two pairs of medians on
its tip, and the laterals on its slightly thickened mid-region>/- 13,1
17<variable in form,>,2-3 18,1 19,1 20,1<in Linyphiinae>/2 28,2 31,2
33,2 35,1<in most Linyphiinae>/2<in most Erigoninae> 45,2 46,1
48,1<conspicuously so in many Linyphiinae>/2<many Erigoninae seeming to
be ground-running predators; numerous species of \i{}Linyphiidae\i0{}
are highly dispersive, being generally encountered wandering or
ballooning rather than in webs> 49<the web-formers>,3<on the ground or
in vegetation, those of Linyphiinae often large, but those of Erigoninae
often small and perhaps not genuine snares> 52<about>,270 53<about 105
genera, e.g. \i{}Centromerus\i0{}, \i{}Entelecara\i0{},
\i{}Erigone\i0{}, \i{}Lepthyphantes\i0{}, \i{}Linyphia\i0{},
\i{}Oedothorax\i0{}, \i{}Porrhomma\i0{}, \i{}Walckenaeria\i0{}. The
traditional tribes (Erigoninae, with about 58 genera) and Linyphiinae
(about 46 genera), appear to reflect general morphological and
behavioural trends, but have fallen into disfavour in recent times>
55<the labium is swollen distally, and the male palp bears a discrete
chitinized paracymbium, which is variable in form and attached to the
cymbium by a membrane. The chelicerae usually bear stridulating ridges,
but have no lateral condyle, and their posterior margins exhibit one or
more teeth. This family provides most of the ballooning species, and is
responsible for adorning large areas of countryside with shimmering
silken mantles> 56<linyphii> 
 
# Liocranidae/
1<~\i{}Clubionidae\i0{}> 2<Running Foliage Spiders> 4,2.5-6 6,2
7,1/2<but then generally less than twice the body length> 10,2 11,1 13,1
18,1 28,2 31,1 32,2 35,1 44,1/3 45,2 48,2 50,2<fast ground runners,
mainly nocturnal, feeding on other invertebrates> 52,11 53<the genera
\i{}Agroeca\i0{}, \i{}Apostenus\i0{}, \i{}Liocranum\i0{}, and
\i{}Scotina\i0{}> 55<the anterior spinners close together, hiding the
medians; and the eye group less than half as wide as the maximum width
of the carapace, by contrast with most \i{}Clubionidae\i0{}>
56<liocrani> 
 
# Lycosidae/
2<Wolf Spiders> 4,3.5-18 6,2 7,1/2<but rarely reaching twice the body
length> 10,2 11,3<4+2+2: configured as an anterior, somewhat recurved
row of four small eyes, and behind it four equal-sized, larger ones
forming a trapezium> 18,1 26,3 28,2 31,2 33,2 35,1 45,2 46,1 47,1<in
some species>/3<although some - e.g., \i{}Pirata\i0{} and
\i{}Arctosa\i0{} species living in wet places - build burrows or silken
retreats that are regularly inundated, or open at or only just above the
surface of the water> 48,2 50,2<mostly ground runners> 51,1<and carrying
the young for several days after the eggs have hatched> 52,36 53<the
genera \i{}Alopecosa\i0{}, \i{}Arctosa\i0{}, \i{}Aulonia\i0{},
\i{}Hygrolycosa\i0{}, \i{}Pardosa\i0{}, \i{}Pirata\i0{},
\i{}Tricca\i0{}, \i{}Trochosa\i0{}, and \i{}Xerolycosa\i0{}>
56<lycosida> 
 
# Metidae/
1<~\i{}Tetragnathidae\i0{}; excluding \i{}Zygiella\i0{}> 2<Orb Weavers>
4,3.5-16 6,2/3 7,1/2<somewhat shorter than to nearly three times the
body length> 10,2 11,1 13,1 17,1 18,1 19,1 28,2 31,2 33,2 35,1 40,1 45,2
46,1 48,1 49,1<usually strung vertically, with an open hub> 52,7 53<the
genera \i{}Metellina\i0{} and \i{}Meta\i0{}, with \i{}Zygiella\i0{} now
referred to Araneidae> 55<the posterior margin of the chelicerae
exhibits one or more teeth, the labium is swollen distally, and the male
palpus has an elongate, hairy paracymbium> 56<metidae> 
 
# Mimetidae/
2<Pirate Spiders> 4,2.4-4 6,3 7,1/2/3<from about i.5 to three times the
body length> 10,2 11,1 13,1 18,1 25,1 28,2 31,2 35,1 37,3<variegated
black, red and white - the red colouring in Blackwall's illustrations
appears to be exaggerated> 45,2 46,1 48,1<temporary only>/2<specialising
in entering the webs of other spiders, and mimicking their prey in order
to capture and devour them> 52,4 53<the genus \i{}Ero\i0{}> 56<mimetida>
 
# Nesticidae/
2<Comb-footed Cellar Spider> 4,3-6 6,2<males>/3<females> 7,2/3<from less
than twice to over three times the body length> 10,2 11,1 13,1 17,1 18,1
19,1 20,1 28,2 31,2 33,1 35,1 45,2 46,1 48,1 49,3<in the form of a loose
platform, attached to stone or brick by sticky threads, in deep shade,
caves, cellars, etc.> 52,1 53<the genus \i{}Nesticus\i0{} (\i{}N.
cellulanus\i0{})> 55<the male palp with a well developed paracymbium>
56<nesticid> 
 
# Oonopidae/
2<Six-eyed Spiders> 4,1.2-2 6,2 7,1/2<but less than twice the body
length> 10,1 12,2 18,2 28,2 31,1 32,2 35<and cephalothorax>,2<uniformly
pale yellow to pinkish in colour> 37,3/4 39,1 45,2 46,2 48,2
50,2<nocturnal hunters and scavengers in diverse habitats, including
birds nests and webs of other spiders> 52,2 53<the genus
\i{}Oonops\i0{}> 56<oonopida> 
 
# Oxyopidae/
2<Lynx Spider> 4,5-8 6,1/2 7,1/2<but less than twice the body length>
10,2 11,8<characteristic of the genus, see illustration> 18,1 26,2 28,2
31,2 33,2 35,1 45,2 46,1 48,2 50,2<hunting in heather> 52,1 53<the genus
\i{}Oxyopes\i0{} (\i{}O. heterophthalmus\i0{})> 54,1 55<readily
recognised by the combination of very long-spined legs, tapering
abdomen, and the presence on the carapace and abdomen of scales as well
as hairs> 56<oxyopida> 
 
# Philodromidae/
1<~\i{}Thomisidae\i0{}> 2<Running Crab Spiders> 4,4-7 5,2
6,2-3<mostly>/1<e.g., conspicuously so in male \i{}Tibellus\i0{}> 7,1/2
8,2<at least, less obviously so than in the related \i{}Thomisidae\i0{}>
10,2<black and beady> 11,1 13,2 14,2 18,1 23<forwardly directed,>,1
24,1<but the stance and locomotion less obviously crab-like than in
\i{}Thomisidae\i0{}>/2 28,2 31,1 32,1 35,1 45,2 48,2 50,2<active on
foliage and ground vegetation, sometimes in buildings, and capable of
rapid movement> 52,15 53<the genera \i{}Philodromus\i0{},
\i{}Thanatus\i0{}, and \i{}Tibellus\i0{}> 55<the form, posture and
locomotion of these active hunters are less obviously crab-like than in
the sedentary \i{}Thomisidae\i0{} s. str., of which this family is a
recent segregate> 56<philodro> 
 
# Pholcidae/
2<Cellar Spiders, Daddy-long-legs Spiders> 4,2-10 6,1 7,3/4 10,2
11,1<with a distinctive arrangement, the median pair of the front row of
four being very small and flanked by horizontally elongated laterals,
and the paired, somewhat longitudinally-elongated members constituting
the posterior row being large> 16,1 18,1 28,2 31,2 35,1 45,2 46,1 48,1
49,2<in which the spider hangs upside down, mostly in buildings>
50<\i{}Pholcus\i0{} occasionally leaving the web to prey on other
spiders, sometimes using the same technique of deception as
\i{}Mimetidae\i0{} (q.v.)> 51,2 52,2 53<the genera \i{}Pholcus\i0{} and
\i{}Psilochorus\i0{}> 54,2<in England> 55<the legs extremely long, those
of the first pair four to five times the body length; and the tarsi
flexible and falsely segmented> 56<pholcida> 
 
# Pisauridae/
1<including \i{}Dolomedididae\i0{}> 2<Nursery-web Spiders, Raft Spiders>
3,2<\i{}Dolomedes\i0{}>/1 4,9-22 6,1/2 7,1/2<less than twice the body
length> 10,2 11,3<comprising a recurved front row of four small,
equal-sized members, and two pairs of larger, equal-zized eyes forming a
trapezium behind> 18,1 26,3 28,2 31,2 33,2 35,1 45,2 46,1 48,2<but the
females construct nursery webs for the protection of their young>
50,2<ground running, and in the case of \i{}Dolomedes\i0{} moving over
still water to take prey, the movements of which are detected by a
submerged leg as the spider lies in wait at the waters edge.
\i{}Dolomedes\i0{} sometimes takes small fish, as well as invertebrates>
51,2 52,3 53<the genera \i{}Dolomedes\i0{} and \i{}Pisaura\i0{}>
56<pisaurid> 
 
# Salticidae/
2<Jumping Spiders> 4,2-10 6,2/3 7,1<decidedly shorter to somewhat longer
than the body> 10,2 11,4 18,1 22<forwardly directed,>,1 28,2 31,1 32,1
35,1 39,2 45,2 46,1 48,2 50,2<on foliage, ground vegetation and walls,
leaping onto their prey in characteristic fashion> 52,34 53<the genera
\i{}Attulus\i0{}, \i{}Ballus\i0{}, \i{}Bianor\i0{}, \i{}Euophrys\i0{},
\i{}Heliophanus\i0{}, \i{}Marpissa\i0{}, \i{}Myrmarachne\i0{},
\i{}Neon\i0{}, \i{}Pellenes\i0{}, \i{}Phlegra\i0{},
\i{}Pseudeuophrys\i0{}, \i{}Salticus\i0{}, \i{}Sitticus\i0{}, and
\i{}Synageles\i0{}> 55<compact spiders, with relatively short legs, the
first pair of which are often markedly stouter than the rest>
56<salticid> 
 
# Scytodidae/
2<Spitting Spiders> 4,3-6(-8) 6,3 7,3 10,1 12,4 18,2 28,2 31,1 32,2 35,1
45,2 46,2 48,2 50<fairly>,2<usually found wandering over walls and
ceilings in buildings, entangling prey in gummy threads which they spit
from the chelicerae> 52,1 53<the genus \i{}Scytodes\i0{} (\i{}S.
thoracica\i0{})> 55<the carapace, abdomen and legs of the single British
representative are clearly patterned with black on a pale yellow
background> 56<scytodid> 
 
# Segestriidae/
1<~\i{}Dysderidae\i0{}> 2<Six-eyed Spiders> 4,6-22 6,2 7,1/2<less than
twice the body length> 10,1 12,3 18,2 28,2 31,2 35,1 41,2 45,2 46,2
47,1<this occupying a hole in a wall, in bark or under stones, and
having up to twelve threads radiating from its lip> 48,2<in the normal
sense> 50,1<the radiating threads serve as trip-wires for passing
insects, to alert the spider lurking within its retreat> 52,3 53<the
genus \i{}Segestria\i0{}> 56<segestri> 
 
# Sparassidae/
1<Eusparassidae> 2<Green Spider> 4,7-13 5,1 6,1-2<the male>/2-3<the
female> 7,1/2<from somewhat longer to the body to twice as long> 10,2
11,1<the posterior medians circular> 13,2<black and beady> 14,1 18,1
22,2 23<forwardly directed,>,1 24,2 28,2 30,1 31,1 32,1 35,1 37,2<in the
male>/4<green, in the female> 38,1<in the female>/2<in the male> 39,2
43,2<hiding the medians> 45,2 46,1 48,2 50,1<hanging downwards, often
from low vegetation in grassy places, and springing on passing insects>
52,1 53<the genus \i{}Micrommata\i0{} (\i{}M. virescens\i0{})> 54,2<in
England, but mainly southern> 56<eusparas> 
 
# Tetragnathidae/
1<excluding \i{}Metidae\i0{}> 2<Long-jawed Orb Weavers> 4,2.5-11 5,-
6,2/3 7<diverse in form,>,1/2/3 10,2 11,1 13,1 17,1 18,1 19,1 28,2 31,2
33,2 35,1<sometimes green> 38,1<sometimes>/2 40,2 45,2 46,1<but very
simple in form> 48,1/2<\i{}Pachygnatha\i0{}> 49<when
web-forming,>,1<with an open hub, often in damp marsh vegetation, strung
horizontally or at an angle> 50<in \i{}Pachygnatha\i0{},>,2<ground
running> 52,9 53<the genera \i{}Pachygnatha\i0{} and
\i{}Tetragnatha\i0{}> 55<the posterior margin of the chelicerae exhibits
one or more teeth, the labium is swollen distally except in
\i{}Pachygnathus\i0{}, and the male palpus has an elongate, hairy
paracymbium which is sometimes branched> 56<tetragna> 
 
# Theridiidae/
2<Comb-footed Spiders> 4,1-10 6,3<mainly>/1-2<in some of the males>
7,1/2/3<from shorter than the body to over three times as long> 10,2
11,1 13,1 17,1 18,1 19,2 20,1 28,2 31,2 33,1<though this is indistinct
in the males of some species>/- 35,1<usually>/2<e.g., in \i{}Dipoena
inornata\i0{}> 37<sometimes>,3/4 45,2 46,1 48,1 49,2<usually, an
irregular assemblage of criss-cross threads, in various
situations>/3<rarely> 52,52 53<the genera \i{}Achaearanea\i0{},
\i{}Anelosimus\i0{}, \i{}Dipoena\i0{}, \i{}Crustulina\i0{},
\i{}Enoplagnatha\i0{}, \i{}Episinus\i0{}, \i{}Euryopis\i0{},
\i{}Neottiura\i0{}, \i{}Paidiscura\i0{}, \i{}Pholcomma\i0{},
\i{}Robertus\i0{}, \i{}Simitidion\i0{}, \i{}Steatoda\i0{},
\i{}Theonoe\i0{}, and \i{}Theridion\i0{}> 55<the posterior margins of
the chelicerae usually lack teeth, and the male palp lacks a well
developed paracymbium, the latter being often represented by a small
hook near the base of the cymbium. The labium is not usually swollen
distally, but is sometimes so in \i{}Euryopis\i0{}, \i{}Theonoe\i0{} and
\i{}Robertus\i0{}. 
 \par{}The False Widow, \i{}Steatoda 
nobilis\i0{}, native to Madeira and the Canary 
Islands but found in southern Britain since the Nineteenth Century, 
seems to be spreading northwards. It is very venomous, and can inflict a bite 
calling for immediate medical attention. Other members of the genus  
also sometimes bite humans, causing feverishness or general 
malaise.> 56<theridii> 


 
# Theridiosomatidae/
1<~\i{}Araneidae\i0{}> 2<Orb Weavers> 4,1.5-2.5 6,3 7,1 10,2 11,1/2 13,1
17,2 18,1 20,2 28,2 31,2 33,2 35,1<darkly, on the silvery background>
45,2 46,1 48,1 49,1<these horizontal and umbrella shaped, in damp marsh
vegetation> 52,1 53<the genus \i{}Theridiosoma\i0{} (\i{}T.
gemmosum\i0{})> 54,2<but restricted to southern England, southern Wales,
and southern Ireland> 55<the globular abdomen of \i{}T. gemmosum\i0{} is
marked with silver in both sexes> 56<theridio> 
 
# Thomisidae/
1<excluding \i{}Philodromidae\i0{}> 2<Crab Spiders> 4,2-10 5,-
6<mostly>,3/2<in some males> 7,1/2/3<from about as long as the body to
over three times as long> 8,1 10,2<black and beady, occasionally dark
blue-grey> 11,1<the laterals often on tubercles> 13,2 18,1 22,2
23<forwardly directed,>,1 24,1<resulting in the characteristic,
crab-like stance and sideways locomotion> 28,2 30,2 31,1 32,2
34,2<sometimes, e.g. in \i{}Thomisus onustus\i0{}>/2 35,1<usually,
occasionally green>/2 37<occasionally>,3<or at least pink, e.g. in
female \i{}Thomisus onustus\i0{}>/4 38,1<sometimes>/2 39,2 43,2 45,2
46,1 48,2 50,1<on the ground, in vegetation or in flowers, often
cryptically coloured and some, e.g. \i{}Misumena vatia\i0{}, actively
changing colour to match the background; the prey being seized with the
large and often spiny front legs> 52,25 53<the genera \i{}Diaea\i0{},
\i{}Misumena\i0{}, \i{}Ozyptila\i0{}, \i{}Pistius\i0{},
\i{}Thomisus\i0{}, and \i{}Xysticus\i0{}> 55<these species have legs I
and II longer and stouter than III and IV, reflecting the
characteristic, crab-like posture and locomotion> 56<thomisid> 
 
# Uloboridae/
2<Cribellate Orb-weavers> 4,3-6 6,2 7,1/2<less than twice as long as the
body?> 10,2 11,1 13,2 18,1 27,1 28,1 29,1 31,2 35,1 45,1 48,1 49,1<or a
triangular section of one, the full versions being strung horizontally
and exhibiting stabilimenta of matted silk threads across the centre>
52,2 53<the genera \i{}Hyptiotes\i0{} and \i{}Uloborus\i0{}> 54,2<in
England, but overwhelmingly southern> 55<The two British representatives
are very different in appearance from one another, and fairly easily
identifiable on sight.> 56<uloborid> 
 
# Zodariidae/
2<Ant-eating Spider> 4,2-3 6,2/3 7,2 10,2 11,6 28,2 31,2 33,2 35,2<dark
brown above, but contrastingly pale yellow below> 42,- 43,- 45,2 48,2
50,2<found among black ants, \i{}Lasius niger\i0{}, on which they
exclusively feed> 52,1 53<the genus \i{}Zodarion\i0{} (\i{}Z.
italicum\i0{})> 54,1 55<exhibiting only one pair of clearly visible
spinnerets, the others being very reduced> 56<zodariid> 
 
# Zoridae/
2<Ghost Spiders> 4,2.5-6.5 6,2 7,1 10,2 11,3<comprising a front row of
four, in which the median pair are larger than the laterals, with the
two pairs behind of equal size and forming a trapezium> 18,1 28,2 31,1
32,1 35,1 45,2 46,1 48,2 50,2<often found during the day on low
vegetation> 52,4 53<the genus \i{}Zora\i0{}> 56<zoridae> 
 
# Unidentified Blackwall images/
3,U 8,U 9,U 15,U 16,U 19,U 20,U 23,U 25,U 34,U 37,U 38,U 44,U 47,U 51,U
54,U 56<unidenti> 
