*SHOW The Lycopodiales of the British Isles. 10 July 2009 
 
*ITEM DESCRIPTIONS 
 
# \i{}Diphasiastrum alpinum\i0{} <(L.) Holub>/
1<Alpine Clubmoss> 2<\i{}Lycopodium alpinum\i0{} L.> 3,1 4,2<the erect
branches to 10 cm> 5,15-50(-100) 6,2 8,2 9,2 11,2 12<strongly>,1<in
alternating, opposite pairs, glaucous> 14,2-4 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,2 19,1
20<solitary,>,1 21,1 24,1&2&3<ascending to about 1300 m> 25<moors,
montane grassland and mountain tops> 26<rather common throughout the
British Isles, especially at higher elevations> 28,1 29<ialpinum> 
 
# \i{}Diphasiastrum complanatum\i0{} <(L.) Holub.>/
2<\i{}Lycopodium\i0{} x \i{}issleri\i0{} (Rouy) Domin, \i{}L.
complanatum\i0{} auct Brit., \i{}L. alpinum\i0{} var. \i{}decipiens\i0{}
Syme. Supposedly = \i{}L. alpinum\i0{} x \i{}L. complanatum\i0{} L.> 3,1
4,2 6,2 8,3 9,2 11,2 12<strongly>,1<in alternating, opposite pairs, only
slightly glaucous> 14,2-4 16,2 17,1 18,2 19,1 20<solitary,>,1 21,1
24,1&2&3 25<heaths and moors> 26<curiously, the supposed parental
species \i{}L. complanatum\i0{} is no longer listed as British, it now
being assumed that early records represent the hybrid> 27<more robust in
habit than \i{}D. alpinum\i0{}, and more glaucous> 28,1 29<lissleri> 
 
# \i{}Huperzia selago\i0{} <(L.) Bernh. ex Schrank & Mart.>/
1<Fir Clubmoss> 2<\i{}Lycopodium selago\i0{}> 3,1 4,1<decumbent only
basally> 5,5-25 6,1 9,2 11,2 14,4-8 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,2 21,1 24,1&2&3
25<heaths, moors, mountain grasslands, rock ledges and mountain tops,
ascending to about 1500 m> 26<throughout the British Isles, common in
mountains but rare and decreasing in lowland regions> 27<the megaspores
are non-functional, reproduction being via bud-like gemmae produced in
the leaf axils> 28,1 29<lselago> 
 
# \i{}Isoetes echinospora\i0{} <Durieu>/
1<Quill-wort> 3,2 9,1 10,2 11,1 14,40-120<x 2mm, more or less
subulate, subterete, with four longitudinal septate tubes, without
stomata; cf. those of \i{}I. lacustris\i0{}, but more flaccid> 15,2 17,2
18,1 19,2<the earliest leaves of the annual increment each with a basal,
sunken megasporangium containing several hundred megaspores, these
followed by leaves with one containing up to a million microspores, and
the last-produced leaves sterile> 21,2 22,2 23,2<in lakes and tarns,
usually on peat> 24,1&2&3 26<with a western distribution: E. Cornwall,
S. Devon, Dorset, Glamorgan, Merioneth, Caernarvon> 28,3 29<iechinos> 
 
# \i{}Isoetes histrix\i0{} <Bory>/
1<Quill-wort> 3,2 9,1 10,1 11,1 14,10-30<x 1mm, half-terete, with
stomata> 15,2 17,2 18,1 19,2<the earliest leaves of the annual increment
each with a basal, sunken megasporangium containing several hundred
megaspores, these followed by leaves with one containing up to a million
microspores, and the last-produced leaves sterile> 21,2 22,3 
23,1-2<being only seasonally submerged, in sandy or
peaty hollows on maritime cliff-tops> 24,1
25,2&3 26<in Cornwall and the Channel Islands> 28,3 29<ihistrix> 
 
# \i{}Isoetes lacustris\i0{} <L.>/
1<Quill-wort> 3,2 9,1 10,2 11,1 14,80-200(-450)<x 2-3mm, stiff,
subulate, subterete, with four longitudinal septate tubes, without
stomata> 15,2 17,2 18,1 19,2<the earliest leaves of the annual increment
each with a basal, sunken megasporangium containing several hundred
megaspores, these followed by leaves with one containing up to a million
microspores, and the last-produced leaves sterile> 21,2 22,1 23,2
24,2&3<in lakes and tarns with water poor in dissolved minerals>
26<Wales, Shropshire, S.E. Yorkshire, Lake District, Scotland from Perth
Northwards to Shetland, in Ireland mainly western> 28,3 29<ilacustr> 
 
# \i{}Lycopodiella inundata\i0{} <(L.) Holub>/
1<Marsh Clubmoss> 2<\i{}Lycopodium inundatum\i0{} L.> 3,1 4,2 5,5-20
6,2 9,2 11,2 14,4-6 15,2 16,2 17,1 18,2 19,1 20<solitary,>,1 21,1 24,1
25<wet heaths> 26<throughout the British Isles, but local, rare in S.
Scotland, Wales and N.E. England> 28,1 29<linundat> 
 
# \i{}Lycopodium annotinum\i0{} <L.>/
1<Interrrupted Clubmoss> 3,1 4,2 5,30-60 6,2 9,2 11,2 14,4-6 15,2 17,1
18,2 19,1 20<solitary,>,1 21,1 24,2&3 25<moors on mountains, ascending
to about 900 m> 26<local in England and Scotland, extinct in Wales and
absent from Ireland(?)> 28,1 29<lannotin> 
 
# \i{}Lycopodium clavatum\i0{} <L.>/
1<Common Clubmoss, Stags-Horn Moss> 3,1 4,2 5,30-100 6,2 9,2 11,2
14,3-5 16,1 17,1 19,1 20<1-2(-3),>,2 21,1 24,1&2&3 25<heaths, moors and
montane grassland, ascending to about 900 m> 26<throughout the British
Isles, but scarce in lowland areas> 28,1 29<lclavatu> 
 
# \i{}Selaginella kraussiana\i0{} <(Kunze) A. Br.>/
3,1 4,3 6,1 7,1<with two rows of leaves dorsally, and a row of
larger leaves down each side> 8,3 9,2 11,1 12,1 13,1 
14<about>,1<on the upper side of the
stem>/2<on the sides> 15,1&2 17,2 18<ovate, cuspidate, keeled> 19,1
20,1<short, 4-sided> 21,1 26<commonly grown in greenhouses, naturalized
in Cornwall, Ireland and perhaps elsewhere> 28,2 29<skrasuss> 
 
# \i{}Selaginella selaginoides\i0{} <(L.) Link>/
1<Lesser Clubmoss> 2<\i{}S. spinosa\i0{} Beauv., \i{}S. spinulosa\i0{}
A. Br.> 3,1 4,3 5,3-15<the decumbent, slender stems bearing short
sterile and long fertile, ascending branches> 6,1 7,2 8,1 9,2 11,1 12,2
13,2 14,2-4 15,1-2 17,2 18,1<but larger> 19,1 20,1<1-1.5 cm long> 21,1
24<mainly>,3 25<on damp, mossy or peaty ground> 26<widespread and rather
common on high ground in England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland, ascending
to about 1000 m> 28,2 29<sselagin> 
 
# \i{}Extinct Lycopsida\i0{}/
2<including Lycopodiales, Selaginellales, Isoetales> 7,- 12,- 13,- 16,-
23,- 27<interest in extinct Lycopsida  .... has centred largely on the
Carboniferous members of the group because of the abundance of fossils,
the diversity of forms they exhibit, and their arborescent habit. Some
of them vie in size with all but the largest of modern forest trees, and
the fossil record indicates that they grew in more or less pure stands.
As a result, they enter our economy today as important contributors of
the raw material that became coal" (Andrews (1961). Rermarkably,
however, fossil remains of plants morphologically and anatomically very
similar to extant \i{}Lycopodium\i0{} occurred much earlier in the
Paleozoic, as exemplified by \i{}Baragwanathia longifolia\i0{} from the
Silurian of Australia, and by \i{}Lycopodites\i0{} from the
Carboniferous and Mesozoic. Heterosporous, herbaceous plants closely
comparable with present day \i{}Selaginella\i0{}, variously referred to
\i{}Selaginellites\i0{} and even to \i{}Selaginella\i0{} itself, also
occur in Paleozoic and Mesozoic deposits; and it is clear from the
fossil record that the genus \i{}Isoetes\i0{} was represented in
essentially its present form by the mid-Cretaceous. While the
spectacular arborescent lycopods which dominated Carboniferous forests
disappeared around the end of that epoch, their herbaceous relatives
have shown extraordinary resilience> 29<lycopsid> 
