*SHOW British Entomology: Pug moths (Lepidoptera-Geometridae). 7 October
2010. 
 
*ITEM DESCRIPTIONS 
 
# \i{}Anticollix sparsata\i0{} <(Treitschke)>/
1<\i{}Collix sparsaria\i0{} Hbner> 2<Dentated Pug> 4,3 5,24-26 6,2 7,1
10<rather>,2 11<light brownish grey, with indistinct, darker irregular
striae, dark fuscous on the costa, the veins marked blackish and whitish
except within the median band, with a whitish subterminal line forming a
white tornal dot, and a black discal dot connected with the costa by a
dark fuscous streak> 15,1 20,1 21<somewhat>,1 24<brownish grey, like the
forewings> 25,1 26,1 27<conspicuously>,1<with dark, wavy basal, median
and outer striae, and a zigzag marginal one> 28,1-2 30,1 36,1 37,2 43,1
44,3 45,28 46<\i{}Lysimachia vulgaris\i0{}> 47,3&8&9 48<in>,6 49,8&9
50,1&2&3&4&5<local> 59,8/12/14 61,2 74,8/12/14 76<sparsata> 
 
# \i{}Chloroclystis v-ata\i0{} <(Haworth)>/
1<\i{}C. coronata\i0{} Hbner> 2<The V-pug> 4,3 5,18-22 6,2 7,1 8,1
9,1-2 10,1 11<dull green to yellowish green, striated darker, second
fascia blackish on the dorsum, the median band anteriorly angulated and
partially blackish, posteriorly blacker on the upper half and twice
angulated resulting in the characteristic black V> 15,1<but this
somewhat obscured by costal darkening of the median band in its
vicinity> 16<shortly>,1-2 20,2 24<pale grey with obscure to conspicuous
darker striae> 25,2 26,1-2 27<faintly to fairly conspicuously>,1<at
least dosally and postmedianly> 28,2 30,1-2 32,1 33,4 36,2 38,3
40,2<being proximally and dorsally only very finely scobinate to smooth>
41,2-3<with few real spines> 43,2 44,2&3 45,9&20&28&29&30&38
46<\i{}Clematis\i0{}, \i{}Crataegus\i0{}, \i{}Lysimachia\i0{},
\i{}Hypericum\i0{}, \i{}Solidago\i0{}, \i{}Artemisa\i0{},
\i{}Eupatorium\i0{}, \i{}Achillea\i0{}, etc.> 47,3 48,6&7<in the
north>/4-8<in the south> 49,5-10<in two overlapping generations>
50,1&2&3&4&5&6&8&9 58,1/2 59,6/7 61,2 74,14 76<v-ata> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia abbreviata\i0{} <Stephens>/
1<\i{}E. nebulata\i0{} (Haworth), \i{}E. subfasciata\i0{} Stephens,
\i{}E. abbreviaria\i0{} Doubleday> 2<Brindled Pug> 4,3 5,23-26 6,1-2 7,1
8,1 9,1 10,1 11<greyish ochreous or pale grey, with bent, rather dark
fuscous striae and usually all the fasciae somewhat suffused fuscous;
veins partially marked black, especially towards the posterior edge of
the median band; the postmedian fascia biangulate, the postmedian line
emitting small basally-pointing dark triangles which are often larger
and more conspicuous towards the dorsum> 15,1 16,1<shortly transversely
linear> 17<partially>,1 18,2 20,1-3 22,1 23,1 24<pale grey with darker
striae> 25<paler and>,2 26,1-2 27<more or less>,1<more strongly
dorsally> 28,1-2<this present but faint> 30,1-2 32,1/2 33,8 34,4<in the
male>/2 35,1<including the outlines of the cells, in f.
\i{}nigra\i0{}>/2 36,2 38,3/4<the prongs very short> 40,2 41,2<with
restricted zones of sparse, fairly coarse spines> 43<rather>,1 44,2
45,17&30 46<\i{}Quercus robur\i0{} and \i{}Q. petraea\i0{}, also
hawthorn> 47<or preferring>,3&5 48,4&5 49,6&7
50,1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9<locally abundant, absent only from the Outer
Hebrides, Orkneys and Shetlands> 51,1 52<The melanic f. \i{}nigra\i0{}
has blackish or blackish bronzy fore- and hindwings marked only by the
darkened nervures.> 53,1/2 56,1 59,3/8/9/12/11 60,2 61,2 62,1 73,4
74,4/12/14/11 75<the hindwing termen slightly concave, resulting in the
apex being rather pointed> 76<abbrevia> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia absinthiata\i0{} <(Clerck)>/
1<\i{}minutata\i0{} Denis and Schiffermller, \i{}elongata\i0{} Haworth,
\i{}innotata\i0{} sensu Wood, \i{}minutaria\i0{} Boisduval,
\i{}elongaria\i0{} Doubleday, \i{}knautiana\i0{} Gregson; excluding
\i{}E. goossensiata\i0{} Mabille> 2<Wormwood Pug> 4,3 5,24-26 6,1-2 7,1
8,1 9,1-2 10,1-2 11<rather uniformly brown, reddish- or purplish-tinged,
with faint obtusely angulated striae, these blackish on the costa and
the edges of the median band forming costal spots; sometimes with a
geniculate postmedian fascia detectable; subterminal line whitish,
interrupted or obsolete apart from the tornal spot> 12,1-3 13,1 14<when
conspicuous,>,2 15,1 19,1 20,3 24<similar in colour to the forewings, or
lighter or greyer> 25,2<similarly coloured or paler> 26,2<the striae and
fasciae obsolete> 27<weakly>,1<with faint, darker striae>/2 28,1<this
dark grey>/2 29,1-2 30,2 32,1 33,3 36,2 38,5<this elongate from a broad
base> 43,2 44,3 45,9&21 46<divers Compositae (\i{}Artemisia\i0{},
\i{}Achillea\i0{}, \i{}Senecio\i0{}, etc.), also \i{}Ballota\i0{} and
\i{}Origanum\i0{}> 47,3 48,6&7 49,8&9&10 50,1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9<widespread
and common throughout the British Isles, except for the Shetlands>
59,8/9/10 61,1 74,4/5/8/9/12/14/15 76<absinthi> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia abietaria\i0{} <(Goeze)>/
1<\i{}E. pini\i0{} (Retzius), \i{}Eucymatoge togata\i0{} Hbner,
\i{}Eupithecia togata\i0{} (Hbner), \i{}E. togaria\i0{} (Boisduval>
2<Cloaked Pug> 4,3 5,23-28 6,2 7,1 8,2 9,1 10,1 11<light
ochreous-greyish or purplish, with indistinct curved fuscous striae; an
angulated black sub-basal stria; edges of the median band black-marked,
more strongly so towards the costa, posteriorly angulated in the middle;
second and fifth fasciae reddish-fuscous, the sixth fuscous> 15,1<this
oval, black> 20,2 24<light ochreous-greyish like the forewings> 25,1
26,1<similarly marked to the forewings, but all the markings greyer and
somewhat less distinct> 27,1<matching the forewings> 28,1-2 30,2 32,1/2
33,6 34,2 36,1 38,3 40,2<distal and longitudinal> 41<coarsely,>,1<with
large spines> 43,1 44,1 45,25 46<\i{}Picea\i0{} and \i{}Abies\i0{}> 47,1
48<in>,6 49,8-10 50,1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9 54,1/2 59,3/4/5/8/14/15 61,1/2
69,2 74,3/8/14/15 75<associated with conifers, this species has become
widespread in the British Isles after probable introduction in the
mid-19th Century> 76<abietari> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia assimilata\i0{} <Doubl.>/
1<\i{}E. assimilaria\i0{} Morris> 2<Currant Pug> 4,3 5,20-23 6,2 7,1 8,2
9,1/1-2 10,1-2 11<resembling those of \i{}E. absinthiata\i0{}, but all
the markings rather more distinct. Brown to fuscous, reddish tinged,
with obtusely angulated faint striae which become blackish on the costa,
and the geniculate edges of the otherwise inconspicuous postmedian band
forming more conspicuous costal spots; the veins on the fourth fascia
shortly black-marked; the dotted subterminal line whitish, ending in a
pale tornal spot. Ground colour tending to richer brown in the first
generation, duller and greyer in the second> 12,1-3 13,1/2 14<when
conspicuous,>,1 15,1 19,1<this usually more conspicuous than in \i{}E.
absinthiata\i0{}> 20,2-3 22,1-2 23,1-2 24<greyish with weak or obsolete
striae and fasciae> 25<even>,2 26,2<paler than the forewings>
27<weakly>,1<but more so than in \i{}E. absinthiata\i0{}, and the
whitish tornal dot paler> 28<usually>,2 29,1<usually, but small>/2 30,2
32,1/2 33,3<and the male abdomen truncate in profile> 38,5<this
triangular> 40,1<but denser distally> 41,1-2<with only small spines>
43,1/2<?> 44,2 45,5&19 46<\i{}Ribes rubrum\i0{} and \i{}R. nigrum\i0{},
but also \i{}Humulus\i0{}> 48,5&6&8 49,7&9&10 50,1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9
59,8/9/10/12-13 61,1 74,4/8/9/12/14/15 76<assimila> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia cauchiata\i0{} <(Duponchel)>/
2<Guenes Pug> 4,3 5,19-24 6,1-2 7,1 8,2 9,1 10,2 11<pale grey or
grey-ochreous, with most markings obsolete; with a faint geniculate
postmedian fascia, darker, wavy transverse striae (more strongly marked
on the costa) and a faint, pale fine subterminal line in the uniformly
grey terminal fascia> 15,1 16,2 18,2 19,1-2<this faint at best> 20,2-3
24<coloured similarly to the forewings to paler, and even less
conspicuously patterned> 25,1 26,1-2 27<very inconspicuously>,1
28<usually>,2 29,1/2 30,1-2 38,4 40,1-2<mostly over the distal 2/3> 41,1
43,2 44,3 45,9&14&31 46<\i{}Achillea\i0{}, \i{}Galium\i0{},
\i{}Scabiosa\i0{}, \i{}Solidago\i0{}, etc.> 48,5&6&7 50,1 59,3/14/15
61,2 74,14 75<The imago resembles \i{}E. satyrata\i0{}, but the forewing
markings of the latter are more clearly defined, including alternate
light-and-dark spotting of nervures and a more prominent discal spot.
Reliable identification of this species seems to depend on examination
of the genitalia. However, there is only a dubious mid-19th Century
British record, so it is probably a spurious inclusion in British check
lists.> 76<cauchiat> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia centaureata\i0{} <(Denis & Schiffermller)>/
1<\i{}oblongata\i0{} Thunberg, \i{}centaurearua\i0{} Boisduval>
2<Lime-speck Pug> 3,2 4,3 5,21-24 6,1 7,1 8,1 9,1 10,1 11<white with
otherwise obsolete striae showing dark grey on the costal and hind
margins, the main feature being a characteristic dark median patch
extending from the costa to the discal spot; the pale subterminal line
edged by pale greyish or brownish shading, and the fringe conspicuously
chequered> 15,1 16<somewhat>,1 18,2<small, crescentic, adjoining or
immediately interior to the bluish-grey costal-discal mark> 20,1
24<whitish> 25,2<though similarly coloured> 26,1<with about 5 dark
striae conspicuous only towards the hind margin> 27,1<conspicuously so
towards the hand margin> 28,1<this grey, indistinct>/2 30,1 32,1 33,1/8
34,2<on two basal segments only, but dorsally dark-spotted on most
segments> 38,3<the prongs broad and blunt> 40,1 41,1-2<with only tiny
spines> 43,2 44,3 45,4&9&14&26&29&38 46<divers Compositae and
Umbelliferae, also \i{}Saxifraga\i0{}, \i{}Campanula\i0{},
\i{}Scabiosa\i0{}, \i{}Clematis\i0{}, \i{}Plantago\i0{}, etc.!> 47,3&7
48,5&6&8 49,7&8 50,1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9<widespread and generally common
except at higher altitudes> 59,1&14 61,2 66,1 74,1&14 76<centauri> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia denotata\i0{} <(Hbner)>/
1<including \i{}E. denotata\i0{} subsp. \i{}jasioneata\i0{} Crewe>
2<Campanula Pug> 4,3 5,22-24 6,2 7,1 8,1 9,1 10,1-2 11<in subsp.
\i{}jasioneata\i0{} fuscous with a biangulate postmedian fascia, a
curved postmedian one, rather conspicuous dark striae, or (subsp.
\i{}denotata\i0{}) brown with the patterning far less contrasty, the
faciae very faint or lacking; usually with a detectable pale subterminal
line that is dentate near the costa> 12,3/2 13,2 15<consistently>,1 16,2
17,2 18,2 19<usually>,1<this elongate> 20,2-3 24<light grey, striated
more darkly dorsally and postmedianly> 25,1-2 26,1-2 27,1 28,1<or this
rather faint and grey> 29,2 30,1-2 32,1 33,8 34,2<sub-basally> 38,4/5
40,2<mostly distal> 41,1 43,1 44,3 45,4 46<\i{}Campanula\i0{},
\i{}Phyteuma\i0{} and (subsp. \i{}jasioneata\i0{}) \i{}Jasione
montana\i0{}> 47,6&7 48,6&7 49,8&9&10 50,1&2&3&4&8&9<the western
component mainly subsp. \i{}jasioneata\i0{}> 57,2 59,8/9/12/13/14/15
61,2 74,8/14 76<denotata> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia distinctaria\i0{} <Herrich-Schffer>/
1<\i{}E. constrictaria\i0{} Morris, \i{}E. distinctaria\i0{} subsp.
\i{}constrictata\i0{} Guene> 2<Thyme Pug> 4,3 5,18-21<in British
material, which is referred to subsp. \i{}constrictata\i0{}> 6,1 7,1-2
9,1-2 10,1<but delicately marked, apart from the dark spots>
11<grey-whitish to grey-brownish, with slender blackish curved striae
and some indistinct greyish ones darkened to form spots at the costa,
the edges of the geniculate postmedian band fine, dark fuscous, blackish
marked and forming blackish costal spots; with a small dark postmedian
dorsal mark, and the darker subterminal band enclosing a faint wavy
whitish subterminal line> 12,3 15,1 16,1<tending to be linked to a dark
costal mark> 18,2<prominent> 20,2-3 24<light grey or brownish-grey,
traversed except near the costa by somewhat darker striae including a
rather conspicuous median one, the underside with a curved postmedian
line> 25,1 26<fairly>,1 27<obscurely>,1 28,1<this small but conspicuous,
dark grey> 30,2 32,2<the margins mixed blackish> 33,8 34,5 38,5<shortly
produced apically> 40,2 41<densely>,1<with rather slender spines> 43,1
44,3 45,21 46<\i{}Thymus serpyllum\i0{}, taking \i{}Origanum
vulgare\i0{} in captivity> 47,3 48,6-8 49,8&9 50,2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9<locally
common in Scotland and Wales, rather scarce elsewhere> 59,8/12/14 61,2
63,2 65,2 74,8/12/14 76<disticta> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia dodoneata\i0{} <Guene>/
1<\i{}E. dodonearia\i0{} Morris> 2<Oak-tree Pug> 4,3 5,19-21 6,2 7,1
8,1-2 9,1 10,1 11<pale brownish-ochreous, more whitish in the disc, with
bent, numerous rather dark fuscuous striae; the veins partially
black-marked with small arrows, especially towards the edges of the
slightly paler median band> 15,1 16<slightly>,1<oval> 17,1 18,2 20,1
22,1<but somewhat less so than in \i{}E. abbreviata\i0{}> 23,1-2
24<whitish-grey with dark grey striae> 25,1-2 26,1 27,1<especially
dorsally and postmedianly> 28,1<this very small, dark grey> 30,1-2
32,1/2 34<in the male>,4 38,3/4<the prongs very short> 40,2<dense, but
anterior and distal only> 41,1<with small spines> 43<rather>,1 44,2
45,17&30 46<oak (including \i{}Q. ilex\i0{}) and hawthorn> 47,3&9
48,4&5&6 49,6&7&8 50,1&2&3&4&5&8&9<absent from Scotland, locally common
elsewhere> 56,1 59,2&3&4&8 61,2 74,2/3/14 76<dodoneat> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia egenaria\i0{} <Herrich-Schffer>/
1<\i{}undosata\i0{} Dietze> 2<Fletchers Pug, Pauper Pug> 4,3 5,22-26
6,1 7,1 8,1-2 9,1 10,1 11<brownish grey with variably distinct sinuous
fuscous striae and a slightly darker submarginal band; ante- and
postmedian lines double and curved rather than geniculate, veins
partially marked blackish and sometimes whitish; the terminal line
obscurely paler> 15,1 16,1 17,2 18,2 19,1-2<this obscure> 20,1-2
24<light brownish grey with only very faint darker striae, a fragmentary
darker terminal line, and a scarcely paler postmedian fascia> 25,2 26,2
27<almost>,2 28,1<this grey, inconspicuous>/2 30,1 32,1-2 33,2&5
38,3<elongate, the prongs small and narrow> 40,2 41,1<the bursa mostly
smooth, with one or two longitudinal rows of spines> 43,1 44,2 45,37
46<\i{}Tilia\i0{}> 48<in>,6 50,2&3&4 57,1 58,4 59,3/4/8/12/14 61,2
74,8/9/12/14 75<note that Meyricks description apparently confused
\i{}E. egenaria\i0{} with \i{}E. intricata\i0{} subsp.
\i{}arceuthata\i0{}.> 76<egenaria> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia exiguata\i0{} <(Hbner)>/
1<\i{}trimaculata\i0{} Haworth, \i{}ochreata\i0{} Stephens,
\i{}exiguaria\i0{} Boisduval, \i{}lanceolaria\i0{} Wood> 2<Mottled Pug>
4,3 5,21-25 6,1 7,1 8,1 9,2 10,1-2 11<light grey, whitish mixed, with
obtusely angulated rather dark fuscous striae and a biangulate
postmedian fascia, the veins partially black-marked especially towards
the posterior edge of this near the discal spot, the interrupted
subterminal band conspicuously exhibiting three dark patches> 15,1
16,1-2<sub-oval> 17,2 18,2 20,2<only indistinctly barred darker>
24<grey-whitish, with grey striae more distinct dorsally and
postmedianly> 25,2 26<fairly>,1 27,1<usually, the striae sharp to
faint>/2 28,1<this dark grey> 30,2 32,1/2 33,8 34<in the male>,4
38,5<this narrow-elongate from a broad base> 40,2<distal> 41,1 43,2 44,2
45,1&3&6&11&19&32 46<hawthorn, blackthorn, rowan, ash, maple,
\i{}Berberis\i0{}, \i{}Cornus\i0{}, sallows, \i{}Ribes\i0{},
\i{}Symphoricarpos\i0{}, etc.> 47,3&8&9<?> 48,5&6 49,8&9&10
50,1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9<widespread and generally common except in Scotland>
59,8/12/14 60,1<i.e., above and below the middle> 61,2 63,1 74,2/8/12/14
76<exiguata> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia expallidata\i0{} <Doubleday>/
1<\i{}expallidaria\i0{} Morris> 2<Bleached Pug> 4,3 5,26-28 6<rather
ample,>,2 7,1 8,2 9,1 10,1-2 11<rather uniform light brown, the edges of
the obsolete median band faintly black-dotted and angled towards the
costa where they form prominent blackish costal spots, with other faint
or obsolete striae represented by weaker costal spots; an obscurely
whitish subterminal line sometimes anteriorly edged reddish-fuscous>
12,1 13,1 14,2 15,1 16<very shortly>,1<oval, much larger than in \i{}E.
absinthiata\i0{} and \i{}E. pimpinellata\i0{}> 17,2 18,2 20,1-2
24<ochreous-grey, with obscurely darker striae> 25,1-2 26,2<almost
uniform> 27<only faintly>,1/2 28,1<a grey dot, more conspicuous on the
underside> 30,1 32,1/2 33,2 34,4 35,1 38,4/5 40,1 41<coarsely,>,1<with
large spines> 43,1 44,3 45,9 46<\i{}Solidago virgaurea\i0{} (mainly) but
successfully fed on other Compositae in captivity> 47,3 48,7&8 49<in>,9
50,1&2&3&4&5&6&8&9<locally common in England and Wales> 59,8 61,2 66,2
67,2 74,3/8/14 76<expallid> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia extensaria\i0{} <(Freyer)>/
1<\i{}E. prolongata\i0{} Dietze> 2<Scarce Pug> 4,3 5,24-26 6,1-2 7,1 8,1
9,1-2 10,1 11<light fuscous or ochreous-brownish mixed whitish, with
conspicuously contrasting, uninterrupted pale silvery-grey striae and
fasciae angulated near the dark-and-pale-spotted costa, and a pale
almost straight postmedian band crossed near the apex by a short oblique
white streak linking it to the finely wavy pale subterminal line; some
dark marking of veins in the disc> 15,2<or this very obscure> 20,1
24<very pale greyish, paler towards the base, with a faint narrow curved
whitish median fascia and very indistinct dark postmedian striae> 25,2
26<fairly>,1<paler than the forewings> 27<faintly>,1 28,2 29,2<but with
a small dark one> 30<rather>,1 32,1 33,8 34,3<according to Meyrick>
38,5<this triangular> 40,2<mostly to the distal third> 41<fairly
coarsely,>,1 43<very>,1 44,3 45,9 46<Sea Wormwood, \i{}Seriphidium
maritimum\i0{}, in captivity taking \i{}Artemisia abrotanum\i0{}>
47,3&8&9 48,5&6&7&8 49,7&8&9 50,1&4&5<apart from occasional probable
vagrants, confined to south Yorkshire, Lincolnshire and north Essex, in
coastal salt-marshes> 59,2/3/13/14 61,2 63<in part>,1 69,1 74,2/14
75<This species is represented in the British Isles exclusively by
subsp. \i{}occidua\i0{} Prout, in which the wing patterning is brighter>
76<extensar> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia fraxinata\i0{} <Crewe>/
1<\i{}E. innotata\i0{} f. \i{}fraxinata\i0{} Crewe and f.
\i{}tamarisciata\i0{} Freyer> 2<Ash Pug, Tamarisk Pug> 4,3 5,21-25 6,1
7,1-2/3 8,1-2 9,1-2 10,2 11<dark grey or fuscous, with indistinct to
obsolete dark angulated striae tending to be darker from the angle to
the costa; veins in the feeble median band sometimes black-marked; the
subterminal line pale wavy, fairly well defined to interrupted and
obsolete or reduced to a tornal mark or dot> 12,1-3 13,2 15,1 16<very
shortly>,1 18,2 19,1<when the subterminal line is thus reduced>/2<when
it is not> 20,2-3 24<grey-whitish> 25<paler but>,1-2 26<fairly>,1-2
27,1-2<i.e., darkly to obscurely striated postmedianly and dorsally>
28,1<this dark grey> 30,2 32,1 33,8 34,4<according to Meyrick> 35,1<in
unicolorous forms>/2 38,5 40,1 41,1<with only smallish, slender spines>
43<rather>,2 44,2/2&3 45,6&9&15&23&36 46<\i{}Fraxinus exelsior\i0{},
\i{}Hippopha\i0{} and \i{}Tamarix\i0{} (but in captivity taking lilac,
\i{}Artemisia\i0{} and \i{}Viburnum\i0{})> 47,3&9 48,5&6/7&8<double
brooded> 49,6&7&8&9 50,1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9<widespread locally associated
with ash, but commonest in coastal localities associated with
\i{}Hippopha\i0{}> 51,1 52<All the British material approaches
melanism, with some individuals very weakly marked only by the discal
spots and the faint tornal one (e.g., f. \i{}unicolor\i0{})> 53,1/2
59,13/16 61,2 74,2/12/14 75<Coastal English records of the
mainland-European \i{}E. innotata\i0{} (Hufnagel) are mostly old and
dubious, while \i{}E. fraxinata\i0{} is widely distributed throughout
the British Isles.> 76<fraxinat> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia goossensiata\i0{} <Mabille>/
1<= \i{}E. absinthiata\i0{} f. \i{}goossensiata\i0{}, when viewed as an
ecotype; \i{}E. minutata\i0{} Guene; \i{}E. notata\i0{} Stephens>
2<Ling Pug> 4,3 5,21-23 6,1<more so than in \i{}E. absinthiata\i0{}> 7,1
8,1-2 9,1-2<more pointed than in \i{}E. absinthiata\i0{}> 10,2 11<brown
to fuscous, with striae more sharply angulated than in \i{}E.
absinthiata\i0{}, these blackened on the costa and on the edges of the
median band also forming dark costal spots; subterminal line whitish,
interrrupted, forming a tornal spot> 12,1-3 13,1 14,2 15,1 16,2<less
elongated than that of \i{}E. absinthiata\i0{}> 17,2 19,1 20,2-3
24<similar in colour to the forewings, paler and more ochreous-tinged
than in \i{}E. absinthiata\i0{}> 25,2 26,1-2<like or unlike the
forewings> 27,1<with faint, darker striae, also an obscure whitish
tornal dot> 28,1<this dark grey> 29,1-2 30,2 32,1 33,3 34<in the male>,5
36,2 43<rather>,1 44,2&3 45,9&16 46<\i{}Calluna\i0{} and \i{}Erica\i0{},
but also \i{}Achillea\i0{}> 47,3&7 48,6&7 49,8&9&10 50,1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9
59,3/4/8/9/12 61,2 74,4/8/9/12/14/15 75<common; cf. \i{}E.
absinthiata\i0{}> 76<goosseni> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia haworthiata\i0{} <(Doubleday)>/
1<\i{}haworthiaria\i0{} Morris> 2<Haworths Pug> 4,3 5,16-18 6,2 7,1
8<slightly>,2 9,1 11<pale grey, somewhat whitish mixed, usually with a
dark geniculate median line, the postmedian fascia curved, with curved
(not angulated) darker grey striae, and usually a prominent pale
subterminal line, the fringe inconspicuously chequered> 15,2 20,2
24<coloured like the forewings> 25,1 26<fairly>,1 27<faintly>,1 28,2
29,2 30,2 31,1 32,2 33,8 34,5 38,1 40,2<longitudinally banded>
41,1-2<the spines small> 43,1 44<a vine> 45,29 46<\i{}Clematis
vitalba\i0{} and garden \i{}Clematis\i0{}> 47,4 48,6&7 49,8&9
50,1&2&3&4&5&8&9 59,14 61,2 63<somewhat>,1/- 73,4 74,14 75<becoming
scarce?> 76<haworthi> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia icterata\i0{} <Villers>/
1<\i{}E. subfulvata\i0{} Haworth; including subsp. \i{}subfulvata\i0{}
(Haworth), subsp. \i{}oxydata\i0{} Treitschke and f. \i{}cognata\i0{}
Stephens > 2<Tawny-speckled Pug> 4,3 5,(20-)24-27 6,2 7,1 8,1-2 9,1
10,1-2 11<in subsp. \i{}subfulvata\i0{} predominantly warm
reddish-orangish-brown, the costa, termen and sometimes the dorsum
rather broadly darker greyer, often striated dark grey with the terminal
line whitish or inconspicuous except towards the tornus, or in f.
\i{}cognata\i0{} grey, conspicuously striated and lined darker; with
various intermediates occurring, but usually with some traces of
orangish-brown> 12,2<f. \i{}grisescens\i0{}>/3 15,1 16<somewat>,1-2 17,2
18,2 19,1-2 20,1-2 24<grey, with the darker striae more emphasised
posteriorly and postmedianly> 25,1-2<often similarly striated, but
without the orange tints> 26,1-2<the patterning less marked in f.
\i{}grisescens\i0{}> 27,1<only very faintly so in f.
\i{}grisescens\i0{}> 28,1/2 30,1-2 32,1 33,8 34,4 35<more or less>,1<in
f. \i{}grisescens\i0{}>/2 38,3/4<the prongs short and blunt>
40,1-2<being proximally smooth to only finely scobiculate> 41<fairly
coarsely,>,1 43,1 44,3 45,9 46<\i{}Achillea\i0{}, \i{}Tanacetum\i0{},
\i{}Artemisia\i0{}, \i{}Senecio\i0{} and chrysanthemums> 47,3&7&9
48,5&6&7&8&9 49,9&10 50,1&2&3&4&5&6&8&9 51,1<f. \i{}grisescens\i0{}>
52<The melanic f. \i{}grisescens\i0{} with fuscous fore- and hindwings
exhibiting the discal spots and detectable fasciae and lines.> 53,1/2
59,4/9/10/14/15 61,1<usually>/2<in f. \i{}grisescens\i0{}> 74,13/14/15
75<a common species throughout lowland Britain, with much variation of
wing coloration and patterning reflected in formal recognition of forms
and subspecies> 76<icterata> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia indigata\i0{} <(Hbner)>/
1<\i{}\i{}E. indigaria\i0{}\i0{} Boisduval> 2<Ochreous Pug> 4,3 5,17-21
6,1<very much so> 7,2 8,1 9,1-2 10,2 11<pale greyish-ochreous brown,
with faint angulated striae darkened as dusky costal spots, a faint
angulated postmedian fascia and a somewhat darkened terminal band, or
all these markings obsolete; subterminal line absent or obscure> 12,2
13,2 15,1<this large and prominent> 16,1<transversely oval, at least
sometimes approaching the costa> 17,2 18,2 20,2<pale> 24<whitish to pale
grey, somewhat paler than the forewings, with very faint striae>
26<fairly>,1-2 27<almost>,2/1<at least sometimes with bent dark median
and postmedian striae, the former traversing the discal spot> 28,1-2
30<brown,>,2 32,1 33,6 34,1 38,4/5 40,1 41,1-2<no large spines> 43,1
44,1 45,25<normally>/13 46<\i{}Pinus\i0{} and \i{}Larix\i0{}, in
captivity accepting juniper and cypress> 47,2<and perhaps also on
lateral vegetative buds> 48<late>,4&5&6 49,6&7&8&9
50,1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9<locally common throughout, except Outer Hebrides,
Shetlands and Orkneys> 59,3/4/8/12/14/15 61,2 72<if detectable at
all,>,2 74,2/14 75<Poorly named the Ochreous Pug: even fresh specimens
tend to have a washed-out appearance, the only clearly defined feature
being the conspicuous and relatively large black discal spot on the
forewings> 76<indigata> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia insigniata\i0{} <(Hbner)>/
1<\i{}consignata\i0{} Borkhausen, \i{}\i{}consignaria\i0{}\i0{}
Boisduval> 2<The Pinion-spotted Pug> 3<brown,>,3 4,3 5,22-24 6,1 7,1 8,2
10<at least towards the costa>,1 11<pale
grey, greyish-ochreous or greyish-whitish, with a conspicuous dark
anterior-basal patch and dark costal marks; the veins partly blackish;
two pairs of blackish-edged whitish sinuate striae limiting the median
band, the second posteriorly ferrugineous-edged; a ferrugineous-brown
costal blotch before the first pair and another beyond the second, and
between them three brown median striae ending in a dark fuscous costal
suffusion> 15,1<this large, touching the dark fuscous costal
suffusion> 16<shortly>,1 18,2 20,1 24<whitish-grey, with two 
pale grey posterior striae> 25,1-2 26,1-2 27<weakly 
dorsally and postmedianly>,1 28,1-2<this pale grey or
indistinct> 30,1 32<dark fuscous,>,2 33,8 34,5 38,3 40,2 41,1 43,1 44,2
45,30 46<apple and hawthorn> 47,3&9 48,5&6 49,6&7&8 50,1&2&3&4<southern
England and Norfolk> 59,2/3/12/14 61,2 62<pale>,1 74,2/14 76<insignia> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia intricata\i0{} <(Zetterstedt)>/
1<including suspp. \i{}arceuthata\i0{}, \i{}millieraria\i0{} and
\i{}hibernica\i0{}> 2<Freyers Pug, Edinburgh Pug, Meres Pug> 4,3
5,21-26 6,1/1-2 7,1 8,1<subspp. \i{}arceuthata\i0{} and
\i{}hibernica\i0{}>/2<subsp. \i{}millieraria\i0{}> 9,1 10,1 11<grey
(subspp. \i{}erceuthata\i0{} and \i{}hibernica\i0{}) or brown (subsp.
\i{}milieraria\i0{}), with fuscous ante-, postmedian and median striae
either conspicuous only at the costa or extending across the wing; veins
partially marked blackish and sometimes whitish; the paler terminal line
obscure, the fringe conspicuously to inconspicuously chequered> 15,1
16,1 17,2 18,2 19,1-2 20,1-2 24<light brownish grey with only very faint
darker striae, a fragmentary darker terminal line and a faint curved
postmedian fascia, or (subsp. \i{}arceuthata\i0{}) uniform with fasciae
and striae obsolete> 25,2 26,2 27<almost>,2 28,1<this dark grey> 30,1
32,1-2 33,7 38,5 40,2<mostly distal> 41<coarsely,>,1<with large spines>
43,1<at sub-species level> 44,1&2 45,13&36 46<conifers
(\i{}Juniperus\i0{}, \i{}Thuya\i0{}, \i{}Chamaecyparis\i0{}, etc.), and
\i{}Tamarix\i0{}> 48,5&6&7 49,6&7&8 50,2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9<represented in
England by subsp. \i{}arceuthata\i0{}, which is locally common
northwards to Cheshire and north Yorkshire but seemingly absent from
most of Wales; represented in Scotland by subsp. \i{}millieraria\i0{},
and in Ireland by subsp. \i{}hibernica\i0{}> 57,2 59,3/4/8/12/14 61,2
74,8/9/12/14 75<note that Meyricks description confused components of
\i{}E. intricata\i0{} with \i{}E. egenaria\i0{}.> 76<intricat> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia inturbata\i0{} <(Hbner)>/
1<\i{}E. subciliata\i0{} Doubleday, \i{}E. subciliaria\i0{} Morris>
2<Maple Pug> 4,3 5,16-18 6,1 7,1 8,2 9,2 11<pale greyish-ochreous with a
bi-angulate postmedian fascia, the middle of the disc and the sixth
fascia mixed brownish-ochreous; the first five fasciae formed by pairs
of dark fuscous angulated striae; the submarginal band interrupted and
represented by dark patches, no pale subterminal line> 15,1 16,2<minute>
18,1-2 19,1<<according to Meyrick>>/1-2 20,1-2 24<pale greyish-ochreous
like the forewings, with a curved postmedian fascia, more whitish
costally, with indistinct fuscous striae> 25,2 26<fairly>,1
27<faintly>,1 28,1<this minute, grey>/2 30<fairly>,1 32,1 33,6<or rather
dark reddish-fuscous> 34,5 38,1 40,1-2 41,3 43,1 44,2 45,1 46<\i{}Acer
campestre\i0{}> 47,3 48,7&8 49,5<i.e., when mature?>
50,1&2&3&4&5<scarce> 59,3/14 61,2 62<pale>,1 72,2 74,3/14 75<the
antennae of the male doubly fasciculated.> 76<inturbat> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia irriguata\i0{} <(Hbner)>/
1<\i{}variegata\i0{} Haworth, \i{}irriguaria\i0{} Boisduval> 2<Marbled
Pug> 4,3 5,19-23 6,1 7,1-2 8,2 9,1 10,1 11<predominantly rather shining
white or ochreous-whitish in the disc, with a dark fuscous sub-basal
fascia and a subterminal one interrupted white patches, otherwise with
dark fuscous markings well defined only costally where they form a
narrow band that is broadly interrupted beyond the discal spot;
otherwise with only very faint bent fuscous striae, or with two or three
median striae detectably darker; the fringe fairly conspicuously
chequered> 15,1<this black> 16<shortly>,1/2 18,2 20,1-2 24<whitish with
grey dorsal striae (the latter usually faint apart from the last two), a
blackish dorsal sub-basal spot, and an interrupted subterminal band
paler than that of the forewings> 25,2 26<fairly>,1 27,2 28,1<this
blackish> 30<fairly>,1 32,1 33,2 34,2 38,3 40,1 41<anteriorly>,1 43,1
44,2 45,17 46<oak (mainly) and beech> 47,3&8&9<?> 48,4&5 49<in>,6
50,1&2&3&4&8<England and Wales south of a line from Caernarvon to the
Thames estuary, local> 59,1-2/3 61,2 66,1 74,2/14 75<a woodland
species.> 76<irriguat> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia lariceata\i0{} <(Freyer)>/
2<Larch Pug> 3,5 4,3 5,21-23 6,1-2 7,1 8,1-2 9,2 10,1-2 11<whitish-grey,
conspicuously striped by markedly angulated dark grey striae and
light-and-dark fasciae, veins marked briefly blackish on the edges of
the postmedian fascia, the the subterminal line inconspicuous and
incomplete towards the tornus; or largely unpatterned in melanic forms>
12,2<f. \i{}nigra\i0{}>/3 15,1 16,2 17,2 18,2 20,2 24<whitish grey in
the typical form, dark in others> 25,2/1<in melanics> 26,1/2 27<quite
conspicuously dorsally and postmedianly>,1/2<i.e., unpatterned in some
forms> 28,1 30,1-2 32,1 33,8 34,2 35,1<including the outlines of the
cells, in f. \i{}nigra\i0{}>/2 38,4 40,1 41<densely scobinate,>,3 43,1
44,1 45,25 46<\i{}Larix europea\i0{} and other larches, and in captivity
\i{}Picea abies\i0{}> 47,9<on the needles> 48,5-9 49<late>,6-9
50,1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9<locally common throughout, except Orkney> 51,1
52<Melanics of \i{}E. tripunctaria\i0{}, \i{}E. trisignaria\i0{}, \i{}E.
subfuscata\i0{}, \i{}E. virgaureata\i0{} and \i{}E. lariceata\i0{} are
not reliably separable without resort to the genitalia. Dark forms with
all markings obsolete except the discal spots (e.g., the widespread
\i{}E. lariceata\i0{} f. \i{}nigra\i0{}) are frequent.> 53,1/2 57,2
59,2/12/13/14/17 61,2 65,2 72,2 74,2/13/14 75<typical adults similar
to \i{}E. subfuscata\i0{}, but differing in the somewhat more elongated
forewings with lighter ground colour and no reddish tinge, the darker
and more angulated striae and black-marked veins, the larger discal
spot, and the somewhat longer cilia of the male antennae> 76<lariceat> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia linariata\i0{} <(Denis & Schiffermller)>/
1<\i{}linariaria\i0{} (Boisduval), \i{}linariaria\i0{} Borkhausen>
2<Toadflax Pug> 4,3 5,19-23 6,2 7,1 8,1 9,1 10,1 11<pale
brownish-ochreous, with conspicuous grey curved striae and a short
blackish bar at the base of the costa; second and fifth transverse
fasciae (i.e., before and after the median band) reddish-ochreous-brown,
the median band itself dark grey, uniform and and not interrupted in the
middle with ochreous, posteriorly curved rather than angulated; the
subterminal line conspicuous; fringe only inconspicuously chequered>
15,1 16,2 17,2 18,2 20<only>,2 24<whitish grey, darkly lined and
striated> 25,2 26,1<but less distinctly so than the forewings> 27,1 28,1
30,1-2 38,1 39,2<being only in part very finely scobinate> 43,1 44,3
45,35 46<\i{}Linaria vulgaris\i0{} and \i{}Antirrhinum majus\i0{}> 47,3
48,6&7 49,8&9 50,1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9 54,1 59,3/8/14 61,2 63,2 68,1 70,2
74,2/14/15 75<a common species except in Scotland. Resembling \i{}E.
pulchellata\i0{}, but generally smaller, neater looking and glossier;
differing in the forewing striae being less waved and less distinct, the
median band not interrupted with ochreous and its posterior edge not or
less angulated, and the less distinct hindwing patterning.> 76<linariat>
 
# \i{}Eupithecia millefoliata\i0{} <Rssler>/
1<\i{}E. achilleata\i0{} Mabille> 2<Yarrow Pug> 4,3 5,23-27 6,2 7,1 8,1
9,1-2 10,1 11<grey or ochreous-tinged mottled with white, with brownish
grey and blackish grey post-median and subterminal fasciae and numerous
fine transverse striae; the geniculate postmedian fascia with a pale
streak from its angle to near the apex of the obscurely pale subterminal
line, the latter interiorly dark-edged; the marginal band noticeably
darker than the rest of the wing bt paler towards its apex. Without the
more conspicuous reddish-ochreous fasciae of \i{}E. abietaria\i0{}> 15,1
17,2 18,2<but characteristically diffuse especially towards the costa>
19,1-2<this at most indistinct> 20,2-3 24<ground-coloured like the
forewings, but basally paler> 25,1-2 26,1 27,1<at least postmedianly and
dorsally> 28,2<this at best inconspicuous> 30<fairly>,1 31,2 32,1
33,2/3/7<?> 36,1 38,4 40,2<the bursa anteriorly smooth> 41<fairly
coarsely,>,1 43,1 44,3 45,9 46<flowers and later on fruits of
\i{}Achillea millefolium\i0{}> 48<late>,5&6&7 49,8-11 50,1&2<mainly
coastal> 59,2/4/14 61,1-2<?> 63,1 64,2 65,2 69,1 74,2&14 75<this is an
inadequate description. Species first recorded in Britain in 1939.
Adults similar to \i{}subnotata\i0{}, including the divided areole.>
76<millefol> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia nanata\i0{} <(Hbner)>/
1<\i{}E. angustata\i0{} (Haworth), \i{}E. angusta\i0{} Prout>
2<Narrow-winged Pug> 4,3 5,18-22 6<very>,1 7,2 8,1 9,2 10,1 11<pale
grey, or whitish, contrastingly striped with dark fuscous angulated or
much-bent striae, these separated by pairs of pale or white striae; the
postmedian fascia biangulate, the veins partly black-marked; the
conspicuous pale or white subterminal line forming a tornal spot and
traversed by an oblique whitish apical dash which links the upper angle
of the postmedian fascia with the wing apex> 15,1<this small> 16<very
shortly>,1-2 17,- 18,2<and preceded anteriorly by a white dot> 19,1
20,1-2 24<with curved dark striae and fasciae on the whitish background>
25<only somewhat>,2 26,1<at least dorsally and postmedianly>
27,1<whitish and grey, at least dorsally and postmedianly> 28,1<though
this small> 30,1 32,1 33,6 34,2 38,5<this triangular-elongate> 40,1
41,2-3<at most with some very small spines> 43,1 44,2 45,16
46<\i{}Erica\i0{} and \i{}Calluna\i0{}> 47,3<or inside them>
48<late>,4&5&6/8 49,7&8&9 50,1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9<locally common in
moorland and heaths throughout the British Isles> 59,2/14/15 60,2 61,2
69,1 72,1 74,2/14/15 76<nanata> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia phoeniceata\i0{} <(Rambur)>/
3,6 5,18-22 6,1 7,1-2 8,2 9,1 10,1 11<pale grey or pale
greyish-ochreous, with blackish markings: two or more thin, angled
striae before the middle, and two median ones which are obscure above
the bend except on the costa but strong below, where they converge to
the hind margin, resulting in the wing exhibiting a characteristic
oblique pale median fascia; no subterminal darkening but somewhat paler
than the ground colour near the apex; no noticeable pale subcostal line,
but with blackish-marked veins towards the mid-termen> 15,1<but this
small and somewhat disguised by association with the strong antemedian
stria> 16,2 17,2 18,2 20,3 24<coloured like the forewings, with blackish
markings> 25,1-2 26,1 27,1<especially dorsally and postmedianly> 28,1
30,2 32,1 33,2 36,2 38,3<the prongs short> 40,2 41<coarsely,>,1 44,1
45,13 46<(\i{}Cupressus\i0{}, \i{}Chamaecyparis\i0{} and
\i{}Juniperus\i0{}> 47,9<mainly on young leaf tips> 48,7&8&9&10
49,9-12/1-3 50,1&2&3&4&8&9<having spread east and north and arrived in
southern Ireland since appearing in Cornwall in 1959> 55,1 59,3/14/15
61,2 74,3/14 76<phoenice> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia pimpinellata\i0{} <(Hbner)>/
1<\i{}E. pimpinellaria\i0{} Boisduval, \i{}E. denotata\i0{} sensu
Doubleday> 2<Pimpinel Pug> 4,3 5,23-25 6,1-2 7,1 8,1 9,1-2 10<rather>,2
11<usually light brown to pale ochreous and somewhat whitish mixed
except the darkened costa, with several weakly defined angulated striae
that are only obscurely darker except where they form small blackish
costal spots; the edges of the weakly defined geniculate median band
tending blackish-marked at least towards the costa; the median vein and
its branches dotted with black, the veins normally scarcely
black-marked; the fairly obscure subterminal line pale or whitish, wavy,
sometimes edged blackish, dentate towards the costa and widened
tornally; and sometimes exhibiting a dark wavy line along the termen.
Occasionally the costal half of the wing is greyish, with the rest
faintly tinged pale brownish> 12,1/2 13,2 15,1 16,1 17,2 18,2<large and
very prominent> 19,1<this elongate, ending the subterminal line> 20,3
24<whitish to light grey with darker grey striae and darkened, curved
postmedian fasciae> 25,1-2 26<fairly>,1 27,1<fairly conspicuously,
especially dorsally and postmedianly, or only obscurely> 28,1 29,2 30,2
32,1 33,6 34,5 35<more or less>,1<in relatively unicolorous forms>/2
38,3 40,1 41,1-2<with relatively few, small spines> 43,1 44,3 45,38
46<\i{}Pimpinella\i0{} spp.> 47,3&6 48,6&7 49,9&10
50,1&2&3&4&5&8&9<absent from Scotland and known in Wales only from
Caernarvonshire> 59,8/9/14 61,2 63,1-2 72,1 74,2/14 76<pimpinel> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia plumbeolata\i0{} <(Haworth)>/
1<\i{}begrandaria\i0{} Boisduval, \i{}plumbeolaria\i0{} Doubleday>
2<Lead-coloured Pug> 4,3 5,17-20 6,2 7,1 8,1 9,2 10,2 11<pale grey,
sometimes ochreous-tinged, with obscure curved (not angled) darker grey
striae, fasciae obscure; subterminal line inconspicuous, the fringe only
inconspicuously chequered> 15,1-2<more or less obsolete> 16,2 18<if
present,>,1 19,2 20,2 24<similarly coloured to or paler than the
forewings> 25<even>,2 26,2 27<faintly>,1 28,2 30,2 32,2 33,8 34,5 38,1
40,2<smooth over the distal third> 41,1-2<with small spines> 43,1 44,3
45,35 46<\i{}Melampyrum\i0{}, \i{}Rhinanthus\i0{} and (in captivity)
\i{}Euphrasia\i0{} and \i{}Odontites\i0{}> 47,3&6&7 48,5&6 49,7&8
50,1&2&3&4&5&6&8&9 59,3&14/14 61,2 63,2 74,14/3&14 76<plumbeol> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia pulchellata\i0{} <Stephens>/
1<\i{}pulchellaria\i0{} Doubleday> 2<Foxglove Pug> 4,3 5,21-24 6,2 7,1
8,1-2 9,1 10,1 11<pale brownish-ochreous, with conspicuous grey curved
striae; the dusky basal patch blackish at the costa cf. \i{}E.
linariata\i0{}, usually more complete than in that species; a
reddish-ochreous-brown transverse fascia before the median band, and a
similar but less regular one beyond it; the wavily black-and-white edged
median band itself greyish inclining to blackish near the costa, usually
clouded with ochreous below the middle, and posteriorly obtusely
angulated; the subterminal line inconspicuous or more whitish, with
partially black-marked edges; the fringe rather inconspicuously
chequered> 15,1 16,2 17,2 18,2 20,1-2 24<whitish grey, conspicuously
darkly banded and striated, sometimes tending subterminally ochreous>
25,2 26<very>,1 27,1 28,1 30,1-2 32,1 33,6<this black-marked>/- 38,1
39,2<being only in part very finely scobinate> 43,1 44,3 45,35
46<foxglove> 47,3 48,5&6 49,7&8 50,1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9 59,3/8/14 61,2 63,2
68,1 70,1 74,2/14/15 75<a common species, differing from \i{}E.
linariata\i0{} in the forewing striae more waved and more less distinct,
the basal patch less reduced, the median band usually interrupted with
ochreous and its posterior edge more obviously angulated, and the
hindwing patterning more distinct.> 76<pulchell> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia pusillata\i0{} <(Denis & Schiffermller)>/
1<\i{}E. sobrinata\i0{} Hbner, \i{}E. sobrinaria\i0{} Boisduval, \i{}E.
scotica\i0{} Dietze> 2<Juniper Pug> 4,3 5,19-22 6,1-2 7,1 8,1-2 9,1
10,1-2 11<dark fuscous, brownish grey or brown, sometimes faintly
reddish tinged, with fairly distinct to indistinct darker or fuscous
angulated striae often more strongly marked on the costa; postmedian
line and fascia biangulate; the veins towards the edges of the median
band and the basal half of the median vein black-marked so that the
postmedian line exhibits small basally-pointing dark triangles, those
near the dorsum elongate and often more prominent; the pale subterminal
line obscure and interrupted, more empasized at the tornus> 15,1
16<shortly>,1 17<usually>,1 18,2 19,1<though this sometimes obscure>
20,1-3 24<with dark striae of variable intensity and sometimes obsolete,
and an entire dark terminal line> 25,1-2 26,1-2 27<conspicuously to only
faintly and dorso-postmedianly>,1/2 28,2<perhaps with a trace of one>
30,1-2 32,2 33,8 34,5 38,3<the prongs short> 40,2<over the distal half>
41<rather coarsely,>,1 43<supposedly>,1 44,1 45,13
46<\i{}Juniperus\i0{}, \i{}Thuja\i0{} and \i{}Chamaecyparis\i0{}>
48,6&7&8&9 49,4&5&6 50,1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9<common and widespread> 51,1
52<Unlike those of \i{}E. trisignaria\i0{}, \i{}E. tripunctaria\i0{},
\i{}E. subfuscata\i0{}, \i{}E. virgaureata\i0{} and \i{}E.
lariceata\i0{}, melanic forms of this species including the very dark
fuscous-blackish f. \i{}nigrofasciata\i0{} retain vestiges the 'normal'
fasciae and lines.> 53,1/2 56,1 59,3/8/9/13/15/17 61,1/2 63,2
74,3/8/9/13/15/8&4 76<pusillat> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia pygmaeata\i0{} <(Hbner)>/
2<Marsh Pug> 4,3 5,15-18 6,2 7,1 8,1 9,1-2 10,2 11<dark leaden
brown/fuscous, sometimes whitish-mixed, most markings inconspicuous or
absent or with curved, obscurely darker striae; the subterminal line
consisting of fairly inconspicuous whitish dots or obsolete save for the
larger, tornal one; the fringe only obscurely chequered> 15,2 19,1
20<only>,2 24<coloured like the forewings, but the markings almost
obsolete apart from the tornal spot> 25<even>,2 26,2 27<almost>,2 28,2
29,1 30,2 31,2 32,2 33,8 34,5 38,1 40,2<the bursa with conspicuous
smooth regions> 41,1 43,1 44,3 45,7 46<\i{}Stellaria\i0{} and
\i{}Cerastium\i0{} species> 47,3 48,5&6 49,6&7 50,1&2&4&5&6&7&8&9<local
and scarce, but widespread almost throughout the British Isles; uncommon
or absent in southern England, and absent from the western isles of
Scotland and the Shetlands> 59,13/2&12 61,2 63,1/2 74,13/2&12
76<pygmaeat> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia satyrata\i0{} <(Hbner)>/
1<satyraria Boisduval; including forms \i{}satyrata\i0{},
\i{}callunaria\i0{} Doubleday and \i{}curzoni\i0{} Gregson> 2<Satyr Pug,
Beech Pug> 4,3 5,19-22 6,2 7,1 8,1 9<rather>,2 10,1 11<fuscous or grey,
somewhat whitish-mixed, with darker obtusely angulated striae and
usually with a darker marginal band, the veins marked alternately
blackish and white, the subterminal line incomplete or absent save
tornally; much more conspicuously striated and banded in f.
\i{}curzoni\i0{} than in the other forms> 15<usually>,1<though this
often minute> 16,2 17,2 19,1 20,1-3 24<coloured and patterned more or
less like the forewings, or basally paler> 25,2<sometimes only very
obscurely so> 26,1<in f. \i{}curzoni\i0{}>/1-2 27,1<more conspicuously
so in f. \i{}curzoni\i0{}> 28,1-2 30,1-2 32,2<mixed white> 33,8 34,5
38,1<this elongate-triangular> 40,1-2 41,1<but with relatively few large
ones> 43<widely>,2 44,3 45,9&14&16&18&20&21&27&31&35<etc.?> 46<numerous
species from diverse dicot families> 47,3 48,5&6 49,8&9
50,1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9<widespread and locally common, but less so in
southeastern England> 57,2 59,12/13/14/15 61,2 63,1-2 74,12/13/14/15
76<satyrata> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia simpliciata\i0{} <(Haworth)>/
1<\i{}Eucymatoge subnotata\i0{} Hbner, \i{}E. subnotaria\i0{}
Boisduval> 2<Plain Pug> 4,3 5,23-26 6,2 7,1 8,2 9,1-2 10,2 11<light
ochreous-brown, sometimes whitish-mixed, with indistinct, curved fuscous
striae; the postmedian fascia rather conspicuous by its curved pale
edges, the out one of which is is zig-zagged towards the tornus> 15,1
16,2 17,2 18,2 20,2 24<whitish-grey, darkened dorsally and postmedianly>
25,1-2 26,1-2 27<very faintly>,1 28,2<or this very obscure> 30,2
32<crested throughout> 33,8<?> 34,U 36,1 38,4 40,2<over the distal 3/4>
41<fairly coarsely,>,1 43,1 44,3 45,8 46<\i{}Atriplex\i0{} and \i{}
Chenopodium\i0{}> 47,3&7 48<mid>,6-8 49,8&9 50,1&2&3&4&5&6&8<locally
common south of Cheshire and south Yorkshire, in Wales known only from
Cardiganshire, rare and local in Ireland> 59,8/2&8/3&4&8/14 61,2
74,2&13&14&15 76<simplici> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia subfuscata\i0{} <(Haworth)>/
1<\i{}E. singulariata\i0{} (Haworth), \i{}E. castigata\i0{} (Hbner),
\i{}E. castigaria\i0{} (Boisdval), \i{}E. blancheata\i0{} Cooke> 2<Grey
Pug> 4,3 5,19-24 6,2 7,1 8,1-2 9,1 10,1/2<in the melanic f.
\i{}obscurissima\i0{}> 11<whitish-grey but sometimes tinged ochreous,
with obtusely angulated dark striae, a geniculate postmedian fascia and
a pale dentate subterminal line; or in the melanic f.
\i{}obscurisssima\i0{}, dark fuscous with only the discal mark
convincingly detectable> 12,2<f. \i{}obscurissima\i0{}>/3 13,2 15,1 16,1
17,2 18,2 19<of subsp. \i{}subfuscata\i0{}>,1<this elongate> 20,2 24<in
f. \i{}subfuscata\i0{} whitish grey, resembling the forewings in colour
or paler anteriorly, fuscous or blackish in f. \i{}obscurissima\i0{}>
25,1-2 26<in subsp. \i{}subfuscata\i0{}>,1<striated and lined like the
forewings, at least dorsally and postmedianly>/2<plain in f.
\i{}obscurissima\i0{}> 27,1/2 28,1/2<f. \i{}obscurissima\i0{}>
29,1<often>/2<f. \i{}obscurissima\i0{}> 30,1-2 32,1 33,8 34,2
35,1<including the outlines of the cells, in melanics>/2 38,2 40,1
41,2<scobinate, incorporating only small spines> 43,2 44,3
45,7&9&14&24&22&30&38<etc.?> 46<divers dicot herbs (\i{}Scabiosa\i0{},
\i{}Senecio\i0{}, \i{}Solidago\i0{}, \i{}Lychnis\i0{}, \i{}Ononis\i0{},
\i{}Prunus\i0{}, \i{}Epilobium\i0{},\i{}Angelica\i0{}, etc.)> 47,3&9
48,5&6&7/8 49,7&8&9&10 50,1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9<common throughout the
British Isles, except the Shetlands> 51,1 52<melanic f.
\i{}obscurissima\i0{} with dark fuscous fore- and hindwings, marked only
by conspicuously darkened nevures and the small forewing discal spot;
and f. \i{}obscura\i0{} less strongly darkened, with the subterminal
line (and discal spot???) remaining. Melanics of \i{}E.
tripunctaria\i0{}, \i{}E. trisignaria\i0{}, \i{}E. subfuscata\i0{},
\i{}E. virgaureata\i0{} and \i{}E. lariceata\i0{} are not reliably
separable without resort to the genitalia.> 53,1/2 57,2 59,2/12/13/14/15
61,2 63,1/2 65,2 72,2 74,2/13/14/15/17 75<non-melanic adults sometimes
similar to \i{}E. lariceata\i0{}, but differing in the less elongated
forewings with darker ground colour and no reddish tinge, the less
marked and less strongly angulated striae, the veins not black-marked,
the smaller discal dot, and the somewhat shorter cilia of the male
antennae> 76<subfusca> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia subumbrata\i0{} <(Denis & Schiffermller)>/
1<\i{}Eucymatoge subumbrata\i0{} Guene, \i{}Eucymatoge scabiosata\i0{}
Borkhausen, \i{}E. piperata\i0{} Stephens, \i{}E. subumbraria\i0{}
Boisduval, \i{}E. piperaria\i0{} Doubleday> 2<Shaded Pug> 4,3 5,19-22
6,1 7,1 8,1 9,1-2 10,1 11<pale grey to whitish, with rather straight
fuscous striae angled to the costa, where they and the edges of the
geniculate postmedian fascia broaden to form dark costal marks; with a
conspicuous dark marginal band which is broken towards the apex by a
white streak extending from the angle of the postmedian fascia to the
obscurely whitish subterminal line> 15,2<or minute and only ambiguously
present> 20,2 22,1-2 23,1-2 24<paler than the forewings at least towards
the base, grey-striated dorsally with a dark grey terminal fascia> 25,2
26,1 27<conspicuously>,1<at least postmedianly and dorsally> 28,1<this
dark grey, minute> 30,1-2 32<crested throughout> 33,U 34,U 36,1 38,4
40,2<concentrated over the distal half> 41,1 43,2 44,3
45,9&14&18&21&38<etc.?> 46<\i{}Leontodon\i0{}, \i{}Crepis\i0{},
\i{}Scabiosa\i0{}, \i{}Knautia\i0{}, \i{}Centaurea\i0{},
\i{}Prunella\i0{}, \i{}Origanum\i0{}, \i{}Gentiana\i0{},
\i{}Pimpinella\i0{}, etc.> 47,3 48,5&6&7 49,7&8&9 50,1&2&4&5&6&8&9<but
commonest in southeastern England south of a line from the Severn
estuary to The Wash, and locally common in Ireland> 54,1-2 59,2&14/15
61,2 63,1 69,1 74,2/14 76<subumbra> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia succenturiata\i0{} <(Linnaeus)>/
1<\i{}E. disparata\i0{} (Hbner), \i{}E. succenturiaria\i0{} Boisduval>
2<Bordered Pug> 3,1<the anterior edge dark fuscous> 4,3 5,24-28 6,1 7,1
8,1-2 9,1-2 10,1 11<grey, the first five fasciae separated by pairs of
angulated and wavy whitish striae, the sixth brownish and traversed by
grey veins, the base of the dorsum and dorso-posteriorly around the
discal mark white, and with a dark fuscous band along the costa which is
interrupted subterminally before joining the dark terminal fascia, this
itself containing a pale wavy line> 15,1<this large> 16<slightly>,1-2
17,- 18<blackish or>,2 19<usually>,1<this terminating the sometimes
interrupted subterminal line> 20,2 24<whitish-grey with grey striae, and
the broadly fuscous terminal band enclosing the wavy pale subterminal
line> 25,2<but postmedianly matching them> 26,1 27,1<with dark striae
postmedianly conspicuous> 28,1<this blackish grey> 29,1-2 30,1-2 32,1
33<grey,>,1 34,5 38,3<the prongs blunt> 40,1-2<being proximally smooth
to only finely scobiculate> 41<fairly coarsely,>,1 43,1 44,3 45,9
46<\i{}Artemisia\i0{}, \i{}Anthemis\i0{}, \i{}Achillea\i0{}
\i{}Tanacetum\i0{} and garden chrysanthemums ...> 47,8&9 48,6&7&8&9
49,8&9 50,1&2&3&4&5&6&8&9<widespread and rather commonon southeast
England, local elsewhere> 59,1&2/14 61,2 66<whitish or>,1<conspicuously
so, but to a variable extent> 74,2&14 76<succentu> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia tantillaria\i0{} <Boisduval>/
1<\i{}E. subumbrata\i0{} (Hbner), \i{}E. pusillata\i0{} sensu auctt.,
\i{}E. piceata\i0{} Prout> 2<Dwarf Pug> 4,3 5,19-22 6,1 7,1 8,2 9,1-2
10,1 11<pale greyish-whitish or greyish-ochreous, with curved fuscous
striae tending to be more distinct from the angle to the costa and the
postmedian one tending to be dotted; the median band dark-edged, and
traversed near the dorsum by a dark-marked vein; the dark subterminal
fascia bisected by the pale subterminal line, crossed towards the apex
by two fairly conspicuous pale streaks and interrupted in the middle by
a pale patch, the subterminal line tending to form median and tornal
dots> 15,1 16<slightly>,1<oval> 18,2 19,1-2<the subterminal line ending
in a more or less interrupted pale crescent> 20,1 24<whitish, darkened
postmedianly and dorsally> 25,2 26,1 27,1<the dotted striations more
distinct towards the dorsum, including a rather prominent, geniculate
postmedian one> 28,1<this rather dark> 30,1-2 32,1 33,5 34<with the
margins mixed black> 36,2 38,3 40,2<mostly smooth or only finely
scobinate on the proximal third> 41,1<with small and rather large
spines> 43,1 44,1 45,25<mainly>/13 46<\i{}Picea\i0{}, \i{}Pinus\i0{},
\i{}Larix\i0{}, \i{}Pseudotsuga\i0{}, and \i{}Tsuga\i0{}, also
\i{}Chamaecyparis\i0{}> 47,9<on needles> 48<late>,4-7 49,7&8
50,1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9<locally common throughout the British Isles except
Orkney, the Hebrides and the northern islands of Scotland> 59,2/3/14
74,2/14 76<tantilla> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia tenuiata\i0{} <(Hbner)>/
1<\i{}E. tenuiaria\i0{} Doubleday> 2<Slender Pug> 4,3 5,17-19 6,2 7,1
8,2 9,1 11<light greyish-ochreous, with numerous curved rather dark
fuscous striae, the veins and costa ochreous-brown and the edges of the
biangulate obscure median band forming dark costal spots; the
subterminal line scarcely paler, very inconspicuous, the fringe fairly
conspicuously chequered> 15,1 16,2<ovoid and conspicuous> 17,2 18,2 19,2
20,1-2 24<whitish grey with dark striae, the marking stronger
posteriorly and post-medianly> 25,2 26,1 27,1<similarly to the
forewings, with a curved postmedian fascia> 28,1<this small, dark
grey>/2 30<fairly>,1 32<with the margins mixed black and white> 38,1
40,1 41,2 43,1 44,2 45,32 46<\i{}Salix\i0{}> 47<male and female>,5
48,6&7<single-brooded> 49,3&4 50,1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9<widespread and often
common, local in Ireland> 59,3&14/12 61,2 62<light>,1 63,2 64,1
74,1&12/14 76<tenuiata> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia tripunctaria\i0{} <Herrich-Schffer>/
1<\i{}E. albipunctata\i0{} Haworth> 2<White-spotted Pug> 3,5 4,3 5,21-24
6,2 7,1 8,2 9,1 10,1-2 11<grey to fuscous, usually with a very obscure
geniculate postmedian fascia and numerous obscure, darker, angulated and
sometimes dotted striae which tend to darken and form spots on the
costa; also a fairly inconspicuous subterminal line of whitish dots, a
small pale tornal spot and sometimes a submedian one as well; veins
beyond the middle marked with blackish dashes and pale dots; the fringe
scarcely chequered> 12,2<f. \i{}angelicata\i0{}>/3-2 13,2 15,1
16<somewhat>,1<oval> 17,2 18,2 19,1 20,2-3 22,2 23,1-2 24<whitish-grey
with interrupted darker grey striations (these darker posteriorly and
towards the base)> 25,1-2 26<fairly>,1-2 27<usually>,1<especially
posteriorly and postmedianly> 28,1<this dark grey, minute> 29<usually>,1
30,2 32,1 33,8 34,4 35,1<including the outlines of the cells, in some
melanics>/2 38,3<the prongs very short> 40,2<median only> 41,2<mostly
scobinate, with some small spines> 43,1/2<the first brood seemingly
specialising more than the second> 44,3 45,33<the first brood>/9&38
46<\i{}Sambucus nigra\i0{}, \i{}Angelica\i0{}, \i{}Heracleum\i0{},
\i{}Pastinaca\i0{}, etc. (those of the first brood only seemingly mainly
on \i{}Sambucus\i0{})> 47,3 48,5&6/8&9 49,6&7/9&10
50,1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9<widespread and locally common throughout England
and Wales, seemingly absent from upland regions of Scotland, in Ireland
and scarce and mostly western> 52<Melanics of \i{}E. tripunctaria\i0{},
\i{}E. trisignaria\i0{}, \i{}E. subfuscata\i0{}, \i{}E. virgaureata\i0{}
and \i{}E. lariceata\i0{} are not reliably separable without resort to
the genitalia. The dark fuscous to blackish f. \i{}angelicata\i0{} lacks
the usual metathoracic crest and tornal spots, with markings restricted
to the conspicuous forewing discal spot and the darkened nervures, while
the very dark f. \i{}intermedia\i0{} retains the subterminal line and
tornal mark.> 53,1/2 57,2 59,12/13/14/15 61,2 63,2 65,2 74,12/14
76<tripunct> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia trisignaria\i0{} <Herrich-Schffer>/
1<\i{}trisignata\i0{} Herrich-Schffer> 2<Triple-spotted Pug> 4,3
5,21-25 6,2 7,1 8,2 9,1-2 10,2 11<fuscous, with only indistinct obtusely
angulated darker striae; the edges of the poorly defined geniculate
median band marked faintly darker, more strongly so as two dark costal
spots which characteristically form the corners of an equilateral
triangle with the discal one; the subterminal line obcurely paler in the
dusky subterminal facia and dentate towards the costa> 12,2 13,1 14,1
15,1 16<shortly>,1<oval> 17,2 18,2 20,2-3 24<fuscous like the forewings
with only very faint striae and fasciae> 25<even>,2 26,2 27,1-2<with at
the most very faint darker basal-posterior striae> 28,1<this dark
fuscous, shortly linear> 30,2 32,2 33,8 34,1<but this small and
indistinct, sub-basal> 35<including the outlines of te cells>,1 38,2-3
40<rather>,2<mostly distal> 41,1 43,1 44,3 45,38 46<\i{}Angelica\i0{},
\i{}Heracleum\i0{}, \i{}Pimpinella\i0{}, \i{}Pastinaca\i0{}> 47,3&7
48,6&7 49,9 50,1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9<widespread but local, seemingly absent
from the Western Isles, Orkney and Shetland> 52<Melanic f.
\i{}angelicata\i0{} dark fuscous to somewhat coppery, marked only by the
conspicuous nervures and the conspicuous forewing and less conspicuous
hindwing discal marks. Melanics of \i{}E. tripunctaria\i0{}, \i{}E.
trisignaria\i0{}, \i{}E. subfuscata\i0{}, \i{}E. virgaureata\i0{} and
\i{}E. lariceata\i0{} are not reliably separable without resort to the
genitalia.> 59,12-13 61,2 74,12/13/14 76<trisigna> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia valerianata\i0{} <(Hbner)>/
1<\i{}viminata\i0{} Doubleday, \i{}viminaria\i0{} Morris> 2<Valerian
Pug> 4,3 5,20-22 6,2 7,1 8,2 9,2 10,2 11<grey (glossy when fresh), with
very indistinct striations endinging in darker marks at the costa; the
posterior, dark edge of the otherwise undefined postmedian fascia
obtusely angulated; the pale, dentate subterminal line sometimes
incomplete> 15,1/2<this very inconspicuous if present> 18<if
detectable,>,1 19,1<this small but relatively prominent, elongate,
terminating the pale subterminal line> 20,3 24<light grey, fairly
faintly striated post-medianly and posteriorly, the terminally
darker-suffused region enclosing a paler wavy subterminal line> 25,2
26,1-2 27,1 28,1 29,1<according to Meyrick>/2<?> 30,2 32,2 33,8 34,5
38,3<elongate, the prongs short> 40,1/2<?> 41<coarsely,>,1<with large
spines> 43,1 44,3 45,39 46<\i{}Valeriana dioica\i0{} and \i{}V.
officinalis\i0{}> 47,3&7 48<in>,6 49,7&8 50,1&2&3&4&5&6&8&9
59,12/13/14/15 61,2 63,2 65,2 74,12/14 76<valerian> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia venosata\i0{} <(Fabricius)>/
2<Netted Pug> 4,3 5,24-27 6,2/1-2 7,1 8,1 9,1-2 10<generally>,1<but the
boldness of the characteristic, netted markings depending on the form
encountered> 11<in the typical form (subsp. \i{}venosata\i0{}) pale
ochreous-grey, the broad median band delimited on either side by pairs
of black-edged curved and wavy pale striae, the veins across the dorsal
half blackish, a blackish transverse line near the base and a median one
continuous with the linear discal mark; varying to smokey-brownish grey
or dark ochreous to clay-yellow with the markings less contrasty (subsp.
\i{}fumosae\i0{} and \i{}ochracae\i0{})> 15,1<this black, often
continuous with the median line> 16,1<transversely linear> 20,2-3
24<paler than the forewings, with the median line and posterior striae
less distinct except sometimes dorsally and posteriorly> 25,2 26,1-2<in
different forms> 27,1<at least posteriorly and dorsally, to varying
intensity> 28,1<this grey>/2 30,1-2 32,1 33,2 34,5 38,1 40,1 41<densely
but>,2 43,1 44,3 45,7 46<species of \i{}Lychnis\i0{} and
\i{}Silene\i0{}> 47,6 48,5&6 49,7&8 50,1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9<locally common
except at high altitudes throughout Britain and Ireland, represented by
subspecies in the Outer Hebrides (subspp. \i{}hebridensis\i0{}), Orkney
and Shetland (\i{}ochraceae\i0{} and \i{}fumosae\i0{}), and extreme SW
England and W Ireland (\i{}plumbea\i0{})> 59,3/4/8/9/12/13/14/15 61,2
62,1/2/- 67,1 74,3/4/8/9/12/14/14 76<venosata> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia virgaureata\i0{} <Doubleday>/
1<\i{}E. pimpinellata\i0{} sensu Doubleday, \i{}E. virgaurearia\i0{}
Morris> 2<Golden-rod Pug> 3<sometimes>,5/- 4,3 5,21-24 6,2 7,1 8,1 9,2
10,2 11<pale grey-brownish or fuscous, with distinct ochreous tinge,
sometimes with nervures spotted alternately light and dark, the obtusely
angulated dark grey striae more or less ill defined except on the costa;
a pale subterminal line more or less interrupted, or this obscure or
obsolete and reduced to a faint tornal spot> 12,1/2 13,2 15,1 16,1 17,2
18,2 19,1 20,2-3 24<whitish grey, the colour more or less resembling or
paler than that of the forewings> 25<even>,2 26,2<very faintly striated
and lined to more or less plains> 27<very faintly postmedianly>,1-2 28,1
29<usually>,1<but this usually indistinct> 30,1-2 32,1 33,6 34,5 35,1<in
f. nigra>/2 38,3<this apically asymmetrical> 40,2<to distal and anterior
patches> 41,3 43,2 44,2&3 45,9/17/18/30/32/38 46<\i{}Crataegus\i0{}
(first brood), with the second brood usually on \i{}Solidago\i0{} and
\i{}Senecio\i0{}, but has been recorded on oak, sallow, hogweed,
\i{}Gentiana\i0{} and garden dahlias, and in captivity will eat Wild
Chervil> 47,3 48,4-6<first brood>/7&8<second brood> 49,6&7&8&9&10
50,1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9<locally widespread throughout the British Isles
except Outer Hebrides, Orkneys and Shetlands> 51,1 52<The melanic f.
nigra has blackish wings with darkened nervures, otherwise unmarked save
for the the conspicuous discal spot on the forewings, the less
conspicuous hindwing one, and some darkening with inconspicuous spotting
of the forewing costa. Melanics of \i{}E. tripunctaria\i0{}, \i{}E.
trisignaria\i0{}, \i{}E. subfuscata\i0{}, \i{}E. virgaureata\i0{} and
\i{}E. lariceata\i0{} are not reliably separable without resort to the
genitalia.> 53,1/2 57,2 59,3/4/12/14/15 61,2 63,1/2 64,2 72,2
74,2/3/12/14 75<adults somewhat unconvincingly differing from \i{}E.
subfuscata\i0{} in the ochreous-tinged forewings, the striae less
distinct except on the costa, the veins usually posteriorly alternately
marked blackish and whitish, the distinct white tornal dot, and the
larger, oval black discal spot. However, the antennal segments of \i{}E.
virgaureata\i0{} exhibit cilia in two rows, whereas those of \i{}E.
subfuscata\i0{} have them evenly distributed> 76<virgaure> 
 
# \i{}Eupithecia vulgata\i0{} <(Haworth)>/
1<\i{}E. clusterata\i0{} (Hbner), \i{}E. austerata\i0{} (Hbner),
\i{}E. austeraria\i0{} Boisduval, \i{}E. vulgaria\i0{} Morris> 2<Common
Pug> 4,3 5,21-23 6,1 7,1 8,1-2 9,1-2 10<variously>,1-2 11<very variable
in colouring, brown to fuscous, usually with reddish tinge, ochreous, or
even whitish; with angulated darker fuscous striae including the
biangulate postmedian line; the veins partly marked blackish and white,
the posterior edge of the median band marked blackish, the subterminal
line of whitish dots and forming a small white tornal mark>
12<usually>,3 13,2 15,1<but this minute>/2 16<if present,>,2 17,1-2
18,1-2 19,1<this usually prominent, tending to crescentic> 20,2
24<coloured similarly to the forewings or paler, obscurely striated
darker at least dorsally and posteriorly, with a wavy whitish
subterminal line more or less defined> 25,1-2 26,1-2 27<at least
weakly>,1<especially dorsally and posteriorly> 28,1-2 29,1 30,2 32<with
sub-basal blackish spots> 33,8 34<without a black lateral streak>
35<sometimes>,1/2 38,5 40,1 41,1<with unusual, slender spines> 43,2
44,2&3 45,7&9&12&16&30&32 46<divers woody and herbaceous dicots -
\i{}Achillea\i0{}, \i{}Crataegus\i0{}, \i{}Rubus\i0{}, \i{}Salix\i0{},
\i{}Senecio\i0{}, \i{}Taraxacum\i0{}, \i{}Vaccinium\i0{},
\i{}Sedum\i0{}, \i{}Silene\i0{}, etc.> 47,3&8&9<?> 48,5&6&7&8&9<but
mostly encountered May to July> 49,6&7&8/9&10
50,1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9<generally common, in divers habitats> 51,1 52<The
various forms exhibit at least traces of the usual lines, fasciae and
marks, including the forewing tornal spot, but the supposed melanic f.
\i{}atropicta\i0{} lacks the forewing discal spot.> 53,1/2
59,2/3/4/8/9/10/12/13/14/15 61,1 63,1 65<more or less>,1
74,2/3/8/12/13/14/15 76<vulgata> 
 
# \i{}Gymnoscelis rufifasciata\i0{} <(Haworth)>/
1<\i{}Lyncometra\i0{}, \i{}G. bistrigata\i0{} (Haworth), \i{}G.
pumilata\i0{} (Hbner), \i{}G. recictaria\i0{} (Boisduval), \i{}G.
globulariata\i0{} (Milliere)> 2<Double-striped Pug> 4,2<females also?>
5,16-22 6,1-2 7,1-2 8,1-2 9,2 10,1 11<pale brownish-ochreous, darker
basally and marginally,s omewhat whitish mixed and conspicuously
dark-striated, the fasciae black-sprinked and often suffused reddish,
the anterior edge of the median band angulated near the costa; the
postmedian line obtusely angulated towards the costa, with small
basally-pointing dark triangles; a much darkened part of the submarginal
band approching the costa broken between the postmedian and subterminal
lines by a paler patch> 15,1-2 16<when detectable,>,1 20,2-3 22,1 23,1-2
24<coloured like the forewings> 25,1 26,1 27,1<striated and fasciated to
match the forwings, including the postmedian line with its small dark
triangular marks> 28,2 30,2 32,1 33,2/7 36,2 38,1 40,1 41,3 43,2 44,2&3
45,2&9&10&16&22&30&38 46<\i{}Ulex\i0{}, \i{}Cytissus\i0{},
\i{}Sorbus\i0{}, \i{}Crataegus\i0{}, \i{}Ilex\i0{}, \i{}Calluna\i0{},
\i{}Clematis\i0{}, \i{}Convolvulus\i0{}, \i{}Chaerophyllum\i0{},
\i{}Senecio\i0{}, \i{}Eupatorium\i0{}, etc.> 47,3 48,3-5/7-9 49,5&6/8&9
50,1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9<common everywhere except the Shetlands> 56,1
59,3/8/10 61<usually>,1 69,1 74,3/8/10 76<rufifasc> 
 
# \i{}Pasiphila chloerata\i0{} <Mabille>/
2<Sloe Pug> 4,3 5,18-21 6,2 7,1 8,2 9,1-2 10,1 11<usually green or
green-tinged, but varying to bronze-tinged or whitish-greyish or
(especially when faded) pale brownish; conspicuously darkly striated
blackish-grey or fuscous, the edges of the median band black, its
anterior edge curved and its posterior one curved to once-angulated (not
dentate) towards the costa; a subterminal dark fascia interrupted near
the apex, the subterminal line whitish only in dark varieties> 15,1
16<shortly>,1-2 17,2 18,2 20,2-3 24<green, greenish or pale grey, the
postmedian fascia curved to smoothly geniculatebut not angulated> 25,1
26<very>,1<matching the forewings> 27,1<the several darker striae sharp
and wavy> 28,1/2 30,1 32,1 33,3 34,5 36,2 38,1 40,2 41,1-2 42,1 43,1
44,2 45,30 46<\i{}Prunus spinosa\i0{}, by contrast with \i{}P.
rectangulata\i0{}> 47,3&6&7 48,5&6&7 49,3&4&5 50,1&2&3&4&5&8<but absent
from much of the southwest> 58,2/4<sometimes tinged bronze>
59,6/7/8/12/13/14/17/11 63,- 71,1 72,2 73,2/4 74,2/6/7/12/14/17/11
75<the adult moth is closely similar to the Green Pug, with which
British material was confused until the larvae were correctly identified
in 1960. Hindwing underside postmedian line obsolete or absent.>
76<chloerat> 
 
# \i{}Pasiphila debiliata\i0{} <(Hbner)>/
2<Bilberry Pug> 4,3 5,19-23 6,2 7,1 8,1-2 9,1 10,1 11<usually very pale
tinged green or whitish-greenish when fresh, but soon fading to
whitish-greyish; conspicuously striated fuscous-grey, the striations
darkened on the costa; edges of the median band blackish-dotted, its
anterior curved and its posterior twice-angulated (dentate) towards the
costa; the subterminal line obscure to not apparent> 15,1 16,2 17,2 18,2
20,1-2 24<green, greenish or pale grey> 25,1 26,1<striations and fasciae
matching those of the forewings, including the dotted angulate
postmedian line> 27<conspicuously>,1<the several dark striae sharp and
wavy, the postmedian fascia and dotted line angulated> 28,2<this at best
obscure> 30,2<only obscurely so> 32,1 33,2<this broad> 36,2 38,1<these
apically crossed> 39,2<smooth or in parts very finely scobinate> 43,1
44,2 45,16 46<\i{}Vaccinium myrtillus\i0{}> 47,3 48,6&7&8 49,4&5
50,1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9<locally common south of Staffordshire to west
Sussex, including Wales, found only sporadically elsewhere> 58,2
59,6/7/12/13 61,2 71,2 73,2/3/4 74,6/7/14 76<debiliat> 
 
# \i{}Pasiphila rectangulata\i0{} <(Linnaeus)>/
1<\i{}P. viridulata\i0{} (Hufnagel), P. nigrosericeata (Haworth), \i{}P.
sericeata\i0{} (Haworth), \i{}P. subaerata\i0{} (Hbner), \i{}P.
rectangularia\i0{} Boisduval> 2<Green Pug> 4,3 5,19-23 6,1-2 7,1 8,1-2
9,1-2 10,1-2 11<usually green or green-tinged varying to whitish-greyish
or pale brownish when faded, but melanism occurs; usually conspicuously
darkly striated blackish-grey or fuscous, the edges of the median band
black, its anterior edge curved and its posterior one twice-angulated
(dentate) towards the costa with the lower angle more prominent; a
subterminal dark fascia interrupted near the apex, the wavy subterminal
line conspicuously whitish only in dark forms, the fringe conspicuously
chequered> 15,1 16,1-2 18,2 20,3 24<green, greenish to pale grey tinged
greenish, to almost black> 25,1 26<very>,1-2<matching the forewings>
27<conspicuously to inconspicuously>,1<the several darker striae sharp
and wavy>/2 28,1/2 30,2 32,1 33<often green,>,2/3<or black lateral
spots> 34,5 35,1<e.g, in f. \i{}nigrosericeata\i0{}>/2 36,2 38,1<these
apically crossed> 40,2 41,1-2 42,2 43,1 44,2 45,30 46<Malus, Pyrus and
Prunus species, occasionally injurious in orchards> 47,3 48<late>,5&6&7
49,4&5 50,1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9<locally common except the Outer Hebrides and
northern isles> 51,1 52<Variants include the melanic f.
\i{}anthrax\i0{}, with the wings black and unmarked save for the
forewing discal spot and obscurely pale subterminal fore- and hindwing
lines, while in f. \i{}nigrosericeata\i0{} they are pale to dark fuscous
with darkened nervures, obsolete sometimes greenish-tinged striae and
somewhat more conspicuous subterminal lines.> 53,1/2 58,1/2/3
59,3/4/6/7/8/12/13/14/17 61,2 63,- 71,2 72,2 73,2/4
74,6/7/12/13/14/17/18 75<the undersides of the hindwings with an
angulate postmedian line> 76<rectangu> 
