*SHOW British Entomology: Pug moths (Lepidoptera-Geometridae) - 11 
October 2010. 
 
*CHARACTER LIST 
 
#1. <synonyms:>/
 
#2. <common name of species>/
 
#3. thorax <patterning>/
       1. only posteriorly white/
       2. wholly white/
       3. with a white central stripe/
       4. neither white nor white-striped/
       5. with a white posterior spot/
       6. grey, with a conspicuous anterior black collar/
 
#4. posterior tibiae of males <number of tibial spurs>/
       1. without spurs/
       2. 2-spurred/
       3. 4-spurred/
 
#5. wingspan <centre of thorax to tip of forewing, multiplied by 2>/
       mm/
 
#6. forewings <relative elongation>/
       1. distinctly elongate <relatively narrow>/
       2. not noticeably elongate <relatively broad>/
 
#7. the outer margin <termen of the forewings, shape>/
       1. convexly curved/
       2. more or less straight/
       3. sigmoid-curved/
       4. angulated/
 
#8. the costa <of the forewing, straight or arched>/
       1. more or less straight/
       2. arched/
 
#9. forewings apically <shape>/
       1. blunt/
       2. somewhat pointed/
       3. hooked/
 
#10. forewings <general appearance, whether dingy>/
       1. relatively conspicuously patterned <additional to a discal
          spot>/
       2. dingy/
 
#11. forewings <colour and markings - general description>/
 
#12. the forewing patterning <whether mainly comprising dark discal and
          costal spots>/
       1. more or less dominated by the conspicuous, dark discal 
          and smaller <dark> costal spots (fasciae and lines lacking or
          obsolete)/
       2. more or less confined to the dark discal spot <lines and fasciae
          obsolete or lacking>/
       3. not restricted to dark discal or costal and discal spots
          (exhibiting more or less conspicuous lines and/or fasciae)
          <<implicit>>/
 
#13. the forewing patterning <whether dominated by two dark costal spots
          forming with the discal one the corners of an anterior-median
          triangle>/
       1. dominated by two dark costal spots which form with the discal
          one the corners of a conspicuous anterior-median triangle
          <<\i{}trisignaria\i0{}>>/
       2. without a predominant anterior-median triangle of dark spots
          <<implicit>>/
 
#14. the <anterior-median> triangle of spots <whether equilateral>/
       1. equilateral/
       2. not equilateral/
 
#15. forewings <presence of discal mark>/
       1. with a <clear> dark discal mark/
       2. without a <clear> discal mark/
 
#16. the discal mark of the forewings <transverse or dot-like>/
       1. elongate <<transverse>>/
       2. dot-like/
 
#17. the discal mark of the forewings whether posteriorly
          whitish-edged/
       1. posteriorly whitish-edged/
       2. not whitish-edged <<implicit>>/
 
#18. the discal mark of the forewings <distinctness>/
       1. grey, indistinct/
       2. black and distinct/
 
#19. forewings <presence of tornal spot>/
       1. with a distinct pale tornal spot/
       2. without a tornal spot <<implicit>>/
 
#20. forewing fringes <chequering of fringe <barring of cilia>>/
       1. conspicuously chequered/
       2. somewhat chequered/
       3. not chequered/
 
#21. the termen of the hindwings <whether dentate>/
       1. dentate/
       2. relatively smooth (no more than somewhat sinuous - not
          dentate) <<implicit>>/
 
#22. the termen of the hindwings <shape>/
       1. slightly concave/
       2. convexly rounded <<implicit>>/
 
#23. the apex of the hindwings <shape>/
       1. somewhat pointed/
       2. smoothly rounded into the costa <<implicit>>/
 
#24. hindwings <colour and markings - general description>/
 
#25. hindwings <whether patterned like the forewings>/
       1. patterned similarly to the forewings/
       2. less conspicuously patterned than the forewings/
 
#26. <the upper surfaces of the> hindwings <patterned or plain>/
       1. conspicuously patterned <conspicuously lined, spotted, banded,
          blotched, streaked, etc.>/
       2. rather plain <concolourous, or merely shaded or suffused, or
          with only faint lines, or with only a discal mark>/
 
#27. <the upper surfaces of the> hindwings <whether transversely
          striated>/
       1. transversely striated <lines detectable, continuous, or
          dotted>/
       2. without transverse striation/
 
#28. <the upper surfaces of the> hindwings <whether exhibiting a discal
          mark>/
       1. with a clear <pigmented> discal mark/
       2. without a clear discal mark/
 
#29. hindwings <presence of tornal spot>/
       1. with a pale tornal spot/
       2. without a pale tornal spot <<implicit>>/
 
#30. the fringes <of the hindwings, whether chequered <cilia barred>>/
       1. conspicuously chequered <<extensaria, nanata, intricata>>/
       2. not conspicuously chequered <<15 to 26 in Meyricks key>>/
 
#31. the abdomen <pale reddish suffusion>/
       1. suffused pale reddish towards the base/
       2. not reddish towards the base <<implicit>>/
 
#32. the abdomen <patterned or plain>/
       1. conspicuously patterned <with stripes, bands, spots, etc.>/
       2. plain <ignoring effect of segmentation on hair distribution
          and crests of darker hairs>/
 
#33. the abdomen <ringing and banding>/
       1. with a white base/
       2. with an entire black sub-basal band/
       3. with an interrupted black sub-basal band/
       4. with black basal and sub-basal bands/
       5. with a pale basal band adjoining a dark sub-basal one/
       6. with a brown or ferrugineous sub-basal band/
       7. with a fuscous sub-basal band/
       8. neither ringed nor banded nor white-based/
 
#34. the abdomen <lateral black spots>/
       1. with a lateral blackish spot/
       2. with lateral series of black spots/
       3. with fuscous lateral spots/
       4. with a black lateral streak/
       5. laterally neither black-streaked nor black-spotted/
 
#35. forewing and hindwing neuration layout <whether conspicuously
          darkened>/
       1. revealed in detail by conspicuous darkening <often including
          the outlines of the cells>/
       2. not conspicuously darkened (usually more or less
          obscured by striae and/or fasciae) <<implicit>>/
 
#36. vein 10 of the forewings <whether anastomosing to form a double
          areole>/
       1. arising independently, anastomosing with 11 and 9 to form a
          double areole/
       2. arising out of 11 and anastomosing with 9 to form a simple
          areole <<implicit>>/
 
#37. the male abdomen <presence of abdominal plate>/
       1. with a sclerotized plate under the eighth segment
          <<implicit>>/
       2. without a sclerotized plate under the eighth segment/
 
#38. the male abdominal plate <under the eighth abdominal segment, form
          of sclerotization>/
       1. in the form of two separate sclerotized components/
       2. in the form of two sclerotized components broadly joined basally/
       3. in the form of a single sclerotized patch with a pair of
          apical extensions/
       4. in the form of a single sclerotized patch with retuse apex/
       5. in the form of a single sclerotized patch with entire apex/
 
#39. the female bursa copulatrix <ornamentation>/
       1. conspicuously ornamented <<implicit>>/
       2. entirely smooth or only very finely scobinate/
 
#40. the female bursa copulatrix <distribution of ornamentation>/
       1. ornamented over most of its surface <usually excepting the
          region around the entrance>/
       2. with ornamentation conspicuously restricted in distribution
          <the bursa pannicular>/
 
#41. the female bursa copulatrix <whether spiny>/
       1. conspicuously spiny/
       2. only inconspicuously spiny <with small spines>/
       3. without spines <scobinate>/
 
#42. the female bursa copulatrix <peculiar distribution of
          ornamentation>/
       1. ornamented exclusively by single narrow, curved transverse row
          of tiny spines/
       2. ornamented exclusively by two adjacent, narrow, curved
          transverse rows of tiny spines/
       3. not ornamented exclusively by one or two narrow, curved
          transverse rows of tiny spines <<implicit>>/
 
#43. botanically <foodplant diversity>/
       1. specialised <e.g., associated with a single species, genus or
          family>/
       2. polyphagous <associated with several plant families>/
 
#44. foodplants <major taxonomic groupings>/
       1. Gymnospermous/
       2. woody-dicotyledonous/
       3. herbaceous-dicotyledonous/
 
#45. foodplants <families>/
       1. Aceraceae/
       2. Aquifoliaceae/
       3. Berberidaceae/
       4. Campanulaceae/
       5. Cannabaceae/
       6. Caprifoliaceae/
       7. Caryophyllaceae/
       8. Chenopodiaeae/
       9. Compositae (Asteraceae)/
       10. Convolvulaceae/
       11. Cornaceae/
       12. Crassulaceae/
       13. Cupressaceae/
       14. Dipsacaceae/
       15. Elaeagnaceae/
       16. Ericaceae/
       17. Fagaceae/
       18. Gentianaceae/
       19. Grossulariaceae/
       20. Hypericaceae/
       21. Labiatae (Lamiaceae)/
       22. Leguminosae-Papilionoideae/
       23. Oleaceae/
       24. Onagraceae/
       25. Pinaceae/
       26. Plantaginaceae/
       27. Polygonaeae/
       28. Primulaceae/
       29. Ranunculaceae/
       30. Rosaceae/
       31. Rubiaceae/
       32. Salicaceae/
       33. Sambucaceae/
       34. Saxifragaeae/
       35. Scrophulariaceae/
       36. Tamaricaceae/
       37. Tiliaceae/
       38. Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)/
       39. Valerianaceae/
 
#46. the larvae found on <foodplants>/
 
#47. <larvae> feeding on <plant parts>/
       1. unripe seeds in cones/
       2. cone primordia and scale leaves (not the needles)/
       3. flowers/
       4. in flower buds/
       5. catkins/
       6. seed capsules/
       7. seeds/
       8. buds/
       9. leafy shoots/
 
#48. adults abroad <months>/
       1. January/
       2. February/
       3. March/
       4. April/
       5. May/
       6. June/
       7. July/
       8. August/
       9. September/
       10. October/
       11. November/
       12. December/
 
#49. larvae found <months>/
       1. January/
       2. February/
       3. March/
       4. April/
       5. May/
       6. June/
       7. July/
       8. August/
       9. September/
       10. October/
       11. November/
       12. December/
 
#50. <distribution in the British Isles:>/
       1. South-east England <East of 0.20' to 52.00' N.>/
       2. Central-southern England <0.20'-2.40' West, to 52.00' N.>/
       3. South-west England <West of 2.40' W., to 52.00' N.>/
       4. English Midlands <52.00-53.20' N., 0.20'-2.40' West>/
       5. Northern England <53.20'-55.20'>/
       6. Southern Scotland/
       7. Northern Scotland/
       8. Wales/
       9. Ireland/
 
#51. melanic imagines <incidence>/
       1. frequent/
       2. unlikely to be encountered/
 
#52. <special description for melanics>/
 
#53. <melanism>/
       1. melanic <with few fore- or hindwing markings>/
       2. not melanic <<implicit>>/
 
#54. forewings <whether with a conspicuous broad median fascia (band)>/
       1. exhibiting a conspicuous broad median fascia from costa to
          dorsum/
       2. without a conspicuous broad median fascia from costa to dorsum
          <<implicit>>/
 
#55. forewings <whether with a conspicuous pale oblique oval fascia>/
       1. with a conspicuous oblique, pale dark-edged oval fascia
          extending from near the apex to the mid-dorsum <\i{}E.
          phoeniceata\i0{}>/
       2. without a conspicuous oblique pale fascia <<implicit>>/
 
#56. forewings <arrow-like markings on a postmedian line>/
       1. with small dark arrow-like markings pointing inwards from the
          postmedian line/
       2. without a postmedian line bearing arrow-like markings
          <<implicit>>/
 
#57. forewings <presence of double ante- and postmedian lines>/
       1. with double, smoothly curved ante- and postmedian lines
          predominant <\i{}E. egenaria\i0{}>/
       2. not dominated by double ante- and postmedian lines/
 
#58. forewings <whether yellow, green or black> <<for keys only>>/
       1. yellowish/
       2. green or greenish when fresh/
       3. blackish/
       4. not predominantly green, yellow, or blackish <<implicit>>/
 
#59. forewings <predominant ground colour of upper side, viewed from
          about 40 cm in good natural light (see Notes) <for keys
          only>>/
       1. white/
       2. whitish/
       3. pale ochreous/
       4. ochreous/
       5. purplish/
       6. green/
       7. greenish/
       8. light brown/
       9. brown/
       10. reddish brown <rusty, ferrugineous>/
       11. bronze tinged/
       12. pale fuscous <light brownish-grey>/
       13. fuscous <dark brownish-grey>/
       14. pale grey/
       15. grey/
       16. dark grey/
       17. blackish/
       18. black/
 
#60. the fifth and sixth forewing fasciae <whether markedly
          interrupted <special key character>>/
       1. twice markedly interrupted/
       2. not markedly interrupted/
 
#61. forewings <whether reddish-tinged>/
       1. at least partially reddish-tinged (ferrugineous-tinged)/
       2. not reddish-tinged/
 
#62. forewings <colour <special key character,abbreviata/dodoneata>>/
       1. greyish-ochreous/
       2. brownish-ochreous, mixed whitish in the disc/
 
#63. forewings <whether whitish-mixed>/
       1. whitish-mixed/
       2. not whitish-mixed/
 
#64. forewings <whether veins and costa ochreous-brown <special key
          character>>/
       1. with ochreous-brown veins and costa/
       2. with veins and costa not ochreous-brown/
 
#65. forewings <brownish or grey <special key character>>/
       1. brownish <<vulgata, goossensiata>>/
       2. grey <<lariciata, distinctaria>>/
 
#66. forewings <whether white in the disc <special key character>>/
       1. white in the disc <<irriguata>>/
       2. not white in the disc <<expallidata, venosata>>/
 
#67. forewings <median lines, whether black throughout <special key
          character>>/
       1. with median lines black throughout <<venosata>>/
       2. with median lines blackish only on the costa, otherwise faint
          <<expallidata>>/
 
#68. forewings <presence of dark grey band and reddish-ochreous
          fasciae>/
       1. with a dark grey band and two reddish-ochreous fasciae
          <<pulchellata, linariata>>/
       2. without a dark grey band and two reddish-ochreous fasciae
          <<implicit>>/
 
#69. forewings <whether with a subterminally broken dark fascia <special
          key character>>/
       1. with a pale break in a subterminal dark fascia near the apex
          <<millefoliata>>/
       2. not exhibiting a subterminal fascia with a pale break near the
          apex <<implicit>>/
 
#70. the median band of the forewings <whether interrupted with
          ochreous <special key character>>/
       1. grey, interrupted with ochreous <<pulchellata>>/
       2. grey, not interrupted with ochreous <<linariata>>/
 
#71. the postmedian forewing line <shape: \i{}Pasiphila\i0{}>/
       1. once-angulated to the costa/
       2. twice-angulated (dentate) near the costa/
 
#72. the subterminal line of the forewings <whether whitish throughout
          <special key character>>/
       1. whitish throughout <<pimpinellata, tantillaria>>/
       2. not whitish throughout <<indigata, inturbata>>/
 
#73. hindwings <whether yellow, green or black> <<for keys only>>/
       1. yellowish/
       2. greenish when fresh/
       3. predominantly black/
       4. not predominantly green, yellow, or black <<implicit>>/
 
#74. hindwings <ground colour of upper side, viewed from about 40 cm in
          good natural light predominantly (see Notes) <for keys only>>/
       1. white/
       2. whitish/
       3. pale ochreous/
       4. ochreous/
       5. purplish/
       6. green/
       7. greenish/
       8. light brown/
       9. brown/
       10. reddish brown <rusty, ferrugineous>/
       11. tinged bronze/
       12. pale fuscous <light brownish-grey>/
       13. fuscous <dark brownish-grey>/
       14. pale grey/
       15. grey/
       16. dark grey/
       17. blackish/
       18. black/
 
#75. <general comments:>/
 
#76. abbreviated taxon name:/
 
#77. <illustrations>/
