*COMMENT ~ Orders: Character notes. 
 
*CHARACTER NOTES 
#1. ~ (alternatively) is here used to indicate sometimes not unreasonably
included in or reduced to. 
#2-3. Collections of leaf miners should routinely include reliably identified
samples of the mined plant material from which the adults were obtained. 
#4. Collections of leaf miners should routinely include reliably identified
samples of the mined plant material from which the adults were obtained.
\par{}This character will usually be a reliable separator with which to commence
an identification, because the species of Phyllonorycter exhibit taxonomically
very restricted host-ranges. However, it seems likely that the available lists
of occasional hosts will be incomplete, especially regarding close relatives of
the plants listed. If an identification involving use of this character breaks
down, therefore, use of the host families character (or even the plant habit
character) should be substituted, before assuming that the specimen may
represent a species not included this data set. 
#5. Collections of leaf miners should routinely include reliably identified
samples of the mined plant material from which the adults were obtained. 
#6. Collections of leaf miners should routinely include reliably identified
samples of the mined plant material from which the adults were obtained. 
#50-57. The paired, lateral 'valvae' are presumed homologous with wings. In
\i{}Phyllonorycter\i0{}, they are critically variable among the species in shape
and form, and regarding left and right members of pairs. Also, curiously, the
'costae' (q.v.) are often interpretable as being more or less detached from the
bodies of the valvae, being then represented by distinct structures that also
exhibit much variation in size and form. \par{}\i{}In ventral views\i0{}, the
'costa' of the valva appears as the uppermost (i.e. posterior) margin; and when
the costa is interpreted as separate from its valva, the margin of the valva
from which it is detached (the posterior margin in ventral views) is of
necessity here referred to as 'costal-marginal'.
#58. The 'signum' of female genitalia refers to sclerotised spines and plates
on the bursa copulatrix. The illustrations and text of Pierce and Metcalfe
(1935) are the only source of comparative data quoted here. 
