*SHOW ~ Orders of British Insects - item descriptions. 26 October 
2011. 
 
*ITEM DESCRIPTIONS 
 
# Archaeognatha/
1<~ Thysanura> 2<Bristle-tails> 6,2<including algae>/4/7<and feeding on
lichens> 8,1<by abrupt, downward flexing of the abdomen> 10,1-2 12,2
14,2<fusiform> 15,2 17,1 19,1 20,2 21<more or less>,1<regarded as primitive>
24,1 25,1 26,15-35<i.e., many-segmented> 28,3<the lateral pair near the
mid-line below the anterior margins of the large compound eyes, and
transversely elongate> 47,2<rarely>/3 48,1 49,3 50,1<these long or fairly
short, shorter than to sub-equalling the appendix dorsalis, with which they
constitute three bristles terminating the abdomen; cf. \i{}Thysanura\i0{} and
\i{}Ephemeroptera\i0{}> 51,1 52,11 53,1<in the form of reduced abdominal
styles on segments 2-9> 58,1 59,2 64,1 65,3 66,2 70,1 72<\i{}Machilidae\i0{}>
73,4 74,7 81<very agile runners and jumpers, nocturnal, hiding by day under
bark, in litter or in rock crevices> 83<archaeog> 
 
# Blattodea/
1<~ Dictyoptera, ~ Orthoptera \i{}s. lat.\i0{}> 2<Cockroaches> 6,2&4&6&7<more
or less omnivorous> 10,2-4 11,1 12,1 13,1<the hindwings> 14,1 15,2 17,1 19,1
21,1<with strong, toothed mandibles> 24,1 25,1 26,15-35<i.e.,
many-segmented> 28<interpretable as>,2<being represented by two ocelliform
spots>/- 29,2 32,2 33,2 35,3 36,1 37,1 38,2 39,3 42,3 47,5 48,1 50,1
52,10<the segments distinguishable by their terga, 11 being absorbed into 10>
54,1 58,1 59,2 64,1 65,2 66,2 70,2 71,1 72<\i{}Blattidae\i0{},
\i{}Blaberidae\i0{}, \i{}Blattellidae (Psedomopidae)\i0{}>
73,6<\i{}Blatta\i0{}, \i{}Blattella\i0{}, \i{}Ectobius\i0{}, \i{}Supella\i0{},
\i{}Periplaneta\i0{} and \i{}Pycnoscelus\i0{} being represented by natives or
established residents, but representatives of about a dozen additional, mainly
tropical genera are often imported with foodstuffs. Of the latter, beautiful,
large green cockroaches of the genus \i{}Panchlora\i0{} (not illustrated here)
sometimes accompany fruit from the West Indies> 74<about>,10<plus about 20
casually occuring exotics> 83<blattode> 
 
# Coleoptera/
2<Beetles> 3,1<mostly>/2<not uncommonly, in either the adult or the
larval stage, or both: see the accompanying data set> 4,1<some genera>/2
6,1/2/3/4/5/6/7<with a few leptinids and staphylinids ectoparasitic on mammals
known outside Britain> 8,1<a few>/2 9,1<not uncommonly, by stridulation>/2 10,1-5
11,1<nearly always>/2<<@not ckeys> rarely, e.g. in female Drilidae and Lampyridae>
12,1<nearly always>/2<in a few forms> 13<usually>,1<the hind pair> 14,1/2/3
15,1-2 16,1<with the mouthparts at its tip>/2<in most families> 17,1 19,1
20,2/1<or probing: notably in the very numerous forms constituting the Weevils
(Curculionoidea), where the head is produced forwards to form a rostrum which
bears them at its tip> 21<more or less>,1<mostly adapted for biting, but the
usual strong mandibles vary from being hugely emphasized, as in Lucanidae, to
being much reduced, as in Scarabaeinae. The curculionid rostrum is widely
employed by the females in boring holes to receive their eggs, but details of
its function in males and relation to adult feeding habits are elusive> 24,1/2
25<variously>,2/1 26,(2-)7-11(-20) 27,1<nearly always>/2<in specialized
cavernicolous species, and inhabitants of other dark places, e.g.
\i{}Leptinus\i0{}> 28,0/1/2 29,1/2<usually, but the elytra and/or the
hind-wings are sometimes absent or much reduced> 30<when only one pair,>,2/3
32<typically>,2<the fore-wings represented by the hardened elytra>
33<(elytra)>,4<usually>/2 35,2/3 36,1/2 37,1 38,2 39,1/3 41,1<the hind-wings,
sometimes>/2 42,3 47,(3-)5 48,1/2<mostly> 49,2/4 50,2 51,1/2 52,8/9<9 being
modified as the genital segment and hidden within the body, and 10 being
greatly reduced> 55,1/2 56,1<especially when predatory>/2<generally, when
non-predatory> 57,1<including forms living in the nests of bees and other
Hymenoptera>/2/3/4/5/6 58,1/2<in which case, distinguishable from most other
legless insect larvae in combining a fully sclerotized head capsule with a
body that is crescent-shaped and thicker in the middle> 59<nearly always>,2
60,2 63,1 64,2 65,1 66,1 67,2 68,2 69,1<usually>/2<rarely> 70,2 71,2 72<95
families, described individually in the accompanying data set> 73<about>,1000
74<about>,3700 79<of female Lampyridae and Drilidae>,2 83<coleopte> 
 
# Collembola/
2<Springtails> 6<mainly>,4&7<and and feeding on other decay-related
micro-organisms>/1<a few, e.g. \i{}Friesia\i0{} species feed on tardigrades
and rotifers>/2<e.g., a few consuming pollen and a few consuming plant roots>
8,1<via an elongate, forked springing organ beneath the fourth abdominal
segment> 10,1-2<rarely exceeding 5 mm> 12,2 14,1-2 15,1-2 17,1 19,3 20,2
21,2<elongated, adapted for grinding and sucking: the mandibles slender, the
maxillae complex, the labium reduced, labial and maxillary palps lacking in
the adults> 24,1-2<variable, sometimes modified as grasping organs in males>
25,1 26,4-6 27,1<but composed of eight or fewer omitidia>/2 28,0-16<the
distinction between compound eyes and ocelli here being indistinct> 44,1<and
4-segmented, comprising coxa, trochanter, femur and tibio-tarsus>
45,1<sometimes>/2 46,1<the tibia ending in a pair of claws> 48<more or
less>,1<via the paired bristles of the springing organ, which however is not
strictly terminal, being borne beneath the fourth abdominal segment>/- 49,3/4
50,2 52,6 53,1<in the form of specialised appendages, a bilobed tube on
segment 1, a bifurcate retinaculum on segment 3, and the bisetose springing
organ on segment 4> 58,1 59,2 64,1 65,3 66,2 70,1<but sometimes treated as a
Class, equivalent in status to the Insecta> 72<\i{}Entomobryidae\i0{},
\i{}Hypogastruridae, \i0{} \i{}Isotomidae\i0{}, \i{}Neelidae\i0{},
\i{}Oncopoduridae\i0{}, \i{}Onychiuridae\i0{}, \i{}Poduridae\i0{},
\i{}Sminthuridae\i0{}, \i{}Tomoceridae\i0{}> 73<about>,55 74<about>,305
81<minute, primitive, soft-bodied, phytophagous or saprophagous arthropods,
with only 6 abdominal segments. The integument sometimes bears scales rather
than the more usual hairs> 83<collembo> 
 
# Dermaptera/
2<Earwigs> 6,1&2&4&6&7 10,2-3 11,1 12,1 13,1<the hindwings> 14,1 15,1 17,1
19,1 20,2 21<more or less>,1<the mandibles usually with two apical teeth, and
parts of the maxillae much divided> 24,1 25,1 26,15-35<many-segmented> 28,0
29,2 32,2 33,2<comprising short elytra> 35,3<when opened> 36<much>,1
37,1<folding under the small elytra> 38,2 39,3 42,3 47,3 48,1 49,1
50,1<represented by the much enlarged, characteristic pincers, which are
sometimes used to capture prey> 52,10<males>/8<females, where terga and sterna
of 8 and 9 are reduced, and fused to tergum 10> 58,1 59,2 64,1 65,2 66,2 70,2
71,1 72<\i{}Anisolabidae\i0{}, \i{}Forficulidae\i0{}, \i{}Labiduridae\i0{},
\i{}Labiidae\i0{}> 73,7<\i{}Anisolabis\i0{} (casually introduced),
\i{}Apterigida\i0{}, \i{}Euborellia\i0{}, \i{}Forficula\i0{}, \i{}Labia\i0{},
\i{}Labidura\i0{}, \i{}Marava\i0{}> 74,8 81<the hind-wings are
characteristically rounded, with with radiate venation. The eggs are deposited
in the soil in a group, and the female sits over them and guards them and the
newly hatched young until they can look after themselves, gathering them
together again if they become separated> 83<dermapte> 
 
# Diplura/
6,2<in most \i{}Campodeidae\i0{}, which is the only family represented in
Britain>/1<in some of the other families, which capture their prey using the
maxillae or the cerci> 10,1-2<up to 5 mm> 12,2 15,1 17,1<but the maxillary and
labial palps reduced> 19,1 20,2 21<more or less>,1<the mandibles usually with
a prostheca, cf. larval Ephemoroptera> 24<relatively>,1 25,1
26,15-35<many-segmented> 27,2 28,0 44,1<these 5-segmented> 47,1<with 2 or 3
claws> 48,1 49,3 50,1<these long, filiform and rather resembling the antennae
in the British representatives> 52,10 53,1<with styles and eversible
vesicles, usually on most of the first 7 segments> 58,1 59,2 64,1 65,3 66,2
70,1<but sometimes treated as a Class, equivalent in status to the Insecta>
72<\i{}Campodeidae\i0{}> 73,1<\i{}Campodea\i0{}> 74,12 81<mostly inhabiting
damp soil under logs or stones> 83<diplura> 
 
# Diptera/
2<Two-winged flies: Bot-flies, Houseflies, Blowflies, Mosqitoes, Gnats,
Crane-flies, Hover-flies, Fruit-flies, Warble-flies, etc.> 4,1<some forms>/2
6,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9<e.g., \i{}Oestridae\i0{}. Diptera are extensively
polyphagous, but while a few \i{}Empididae\i0{} and \i{}Syrphidae\i0{} eat
pollen, the order is overwhelmingly confined to liquid foods, for which the
mouth-parts are specially adapted - solids being first liquefied by salivary
secretions> 7<when parasitic,>,1/2/3 10,1-4 12,1/2 13<usually>,1<the
forewings> 15,2 16<as distinct from the mouthparts>,2 17,1 19,2<sometimes
sponging or lapping> 20,1/2 21,2<being strongly adapted for sucking, to form a
more or less elongate proboscis or rostrum which usually incorporates the
bases of the maxillae, the labrum, and sometimes elements of the clypeus and
even of the frons. The mandibles are usually absent in males, and often so in
females, being present mainly in predators and parasitic forms in the guise of
long, piercing stylets> 24,1/2 25,2<with a variety of forms>/1 26,2-16
28,0<exclusively so in fifteen British families>/2<the median one being 
occasionally absent, e.g. some \i{}Cecidomyiidae\i0{}>/3<commonly> 
29<ostensibly>,1 30,1 31,1<these functioning as balancing organs>
38,2 39,3 42,2/3 47<typically>,5 48,1/2 50,1/2<cerci usually very small>
51,1/2 52,10/11<10 and 11 usually being fused to form the ostensible segment
10> 55<(maggots)>,1-2<usually in moist situations, in mud, soil, decomposing
organic material, in plant or animal tissues, or swimming in free water.
Aquatic forms lack external gills.> 56,1<e.g., those of mosqitoes>/2<mostly>
57,1/2/3/4/5/6/7 58,2<but unsegmented prothoracic prolegs sometimes occur>
59,1/2<often> 60,1/2<often> 61<when present,>,2 63,2<only the Nematocera with
a well formed head capsule, elsewhere the head being often undifferentiated
and sometimes partially withdrawn into the thorax> 64,2 65,1 66,1 67,1/2 68,1
69,1/2 70,2 71,2 72<102 families, described individually in the accompanying
data set> 73<about>,1200 74<about>,6700 81<most adult Diptera are immediately
recognizable as such by the combination of only one pair functional wings,
with the hind-wings represented by the halteres; and the few apterous forms
are easily distinguishable from other two-winged insects (some Ephemeroptera,
and male Coccoidea) by the mouthparts> 83<diptera> 
 
# Ephemeroptera/
2<Mayflies> 4,1 6,9 10,2-3 12,1<the reproductive behaviour commonly involves
the males forming aerial swarms of a few individuals to hundreds, by day or
perhaps in some species by night, usually near water> 13,1/2 15,- 17,2<reduced
to asymmetric non-sclerotised vestiges, except sometimes the maxillary palps>
18,2<the adults taking no food> 24,2 25,1<though with a short, thick scape>
26,15-35<small, but many-segmented> 28,3 29,1/2<the hind-wings often much
reduced, absent in the \i{}Caenidae\i0{}> 30<when only one pair,>,1
32,1<membranous> 33,1 35,1/2 36,1/2 37,2 38,1<usually>/2 39,3 41,1<in
sub-imagines, also in adult Caenidae>/2<mostly> 42,1 47,(3-)5 48,1 49,3
50,1<constituting a pair of long, slender caudal styles, which are often
associated with a third bristle representing an appendix dorsalis>
51,1<\i{}Leptophlebiidae\i0{}>/2 52,10<and a short post-abdomen fused with
segment 10> 55,2<with segmentally arranged tracheal gills> 58,1 59,2 64,1
65,2<with a unique, sub-imaginal winged stage> 66,2 70,2 71,1 72<\i{}Baetidae,
Caenidae, Ephemerellidae, Ephemeridae, Heptageniidae, Leptophlebiidae,
Potamanthidae, Siphlonuridae\i0{} (the families described individually in the
accompanying data set)> 73,18 74,46 81<the cerci of the imago are represented
by a pair of slender, elongated styles, and an appendix dorsalis often
constitutes a third, cf. Thysanura. The final moult of the nymph results in a
fully winged sub-imaginal stage, of duration from a few minutes to about 24
hours depending on the species; and the final ecdysis involves a process
unique to Ephemeroptera, in which the sub-imago casts a delicate pellicle from
its entire body including the wings. Sub-imagines (the duns of anglers) are
usually distinguishable from adults by their duller appearance, and their
translucent rather than transparent, conspicuously hair-fringed wings. The
Order is named after the ephemeral life of the imagines (the spinners of
anglers), which famously survive for only a few hours to a few days. The
one-clawed tarsi of the nymphs readily distinguish these from the otherwise
similar nymphs of Plecoptera, which are consistently two-clawed. Some species
reproduce parthenogenetically> 83<ephemero> 
 
# Hemiptera/
2<Bugs, Aphids, Frog-hoppers, Pond-skaters, Water-scorpions, Water-boatmen,
Cicadas, etc.> 3,1<mostly>/2<some \i{}Heteroptera\i0{}> 4,1<some forms>/2
6,1<with many \i{}Heteroptera\i0{} feeding on invertebrates>/2<all
\i{}Homoptera\i0{} being plant feeders, with Sternorrhyncha and Fulgoroidea
predominantly in phloem, Cicadoidea and Cercopoidea in xylem, Cicadelloidea
specialising variously in phloem, xylem or parenchyma, and phytophagous
Heteroptera feeding on parenchyma, seeds or pollen; most are associated with
Angiosperms, but some feed on cryptogams, and a few are mycetophagous>/8<some
\i{}Heteroptera\i0{}> 7<when parasitic,>,1<a few>/2/3 8,1<many Homoptera>/2
9,1<by stridulation, notably in Reduviidae, or by other means in cicadas>/2
10,2-4 11,1/2 12,1/2 13<when winged,>,1<the hindwings> 14,1 15<more or
less>,1<in most Heteroptera>/2-3<in most Homoptera> 16,1<via the extended,
rigid and downward-to-backwardly directed labrum> 17,1 19,2 20,1
21,2<consisting of two pairs of hinged, piercing stylets, comprising the
mandibles and maxillae, both of which lack palps, resting in an elongated,
dorsally grooved, rostrate labium: see the accompanying illustrations, and the
more detailed description below> 24,1/2 25<more or less>,1/2<for example,
often elbowed or articulated> 26,4-5<Heteroptera>/3-10<Hemiptera> 28,0/2/3
29<when present, i.e. usually,>,2 32,1/2<the fore-wings usually completely or
at least proximally harder than the hind-wings> 33,1/2/1&2<commonly basally
leathery and distally membranous> 35,1-3 36,1/2 37,1/2 38,1/2 39,3 42,3 43,1/2
44,1<usually>/2<in mealybugs and scale insects> 47,1-3<erminating in 1-3
claws, or clawless> 48,1<e.g., the respiratory tubes in aquatic forms>/2
49,3/4 50,2 52,8-11<with much diversity of structure - segment 1 or 1 and 2
being sometimes reduced and closely associated with the metathorax, and 10
being usually modified as the anal tube>/2 55,1/2 58,1 59,2 64,1 65,2 66,2
70,2 71,2 72<61 families, described individually in the accompanying data set>
73<about>,540 74<about>,1650 81<the remarkable mouthparts incorporate two
pairs of long, slender, sclerotized, flexible stylets, representing highly
modified mandibles and maxillae. The stylets lie in a groove in the elongated,
1-4 segmented labium, which serves as a guide. The mandibular stylets almost
enclose the maxillary pair, and are apically serrated for piercing and
drilling. Longitudinal grooves in the apposed maxillary stylets form two
separate channels, and during feeding salivary secretions are pumped down one
while liquid food is sucked up the other. Some phytophagous forms, in
particular the aphids, operate this device with remarkable precision to locate
the phloem of the host - a capacity involved in the natural and experimental
transmission of plant viruses, and capitalized upon by plant physiologists
collecting phloem contents> 83<hemipter> 
 
# Hymenoptera/
2<Bees, Ants, Wasps, Sawflies, Icnneumons, etc.> 5,1<ants, many bees and
wasps>/2<the rest> 6,1/2/3/4/6/7/8 7,3<but including many blood-suckers and
parasites of insects and other arthropods> 9,1<commonly, for example by
rubbing a specialized area of the fore-wings over the cenchri, or rubbing
files or scrapers on overlapping terga over one another>/2 10,1-4
12,1<usually>/2<there being rather numerous forms where wings are either
lacking or deciduous> 13<when winged,>,2<nearly always>/1<the hindwings being
vestigial in some \i{}Mymaridae\i0{}> 14,2-3 15,2 17<usually>,1 19,1/3<in the
Apoidea> 20,2 21,1-2<mandibles are always present, but mouthparts range from
the generalized biting type in Symphyta and supposedly primitive Apocrita to
combined chewing and sucking adaptations in the Apoidea. In the latter, the
laciniae of the labium constitute the glossa (tongue), which becomes
lengthened in relation to collecting nectar, the other mouthparts being
elongated to constitute a proboscis on which the glossa is borne. On the other
hand, some parasitic Hymenoptera exhibit some reduction in mouthparts
components> 22,2 24,1/2 25,1/2 26,9-13(-30) 
28,0<or more or less aborted, e.g. in some \i{}Sphecidae\i0{} and the workers 
of many ants>/3<nearly always> 
29,2 32<nearly always>,1<with some tiny
\i{}Mymaridae\i0{} being exceptional, in having the hind-wings reduced to
linear stalks and lacking the membrane> 33,1 34,1/2 35,1 36,2 37,1/2 38,1/2
39,3 42,1/2/3 44,1 45,2 47,(3-)5 48,1/2<but of these, many Apocrita are
equipped with a terminal, retractile sting> 49,2/4 50,1/2 51,1/2 52,2-10<there
being much diversity re fusion of tergites, sternites, and segment 1 being
associated with the metathorax in bees, ants and wasps> 55,1 56,1/2
57,2/3/6/7<on Arthropods>/8<in many \i{}Apocrita\i0{}, being animal or plant
material in different families: e.g., \i{}Apidae\i0{}, \i{}Pompilidae\i0{},
\i{}Formicidae\i0{}> 58,1<in externally feeding Symphyta>/2<Apocrita and
boring, tunelling and mining Symphyta> 59,1<in externally feeding
Symphyta>/2<Apocrita and boring, tunelling and mining Symphyta> 60,1/2<often,
sometimes even when ventral prolegs are present> 61,2 62,1<some
\i{}Symphyta\i0{}>/2<mostly> 63,1<\i{}Symphyta\i0{}>/2<or much less heavily
sclerotized, in the maggot-like larvae of \i{}Apocrita\i0{}> 64,2 65,1 66,1
67,2 68<always>,2 69<usually>,1 70,2 71,2 72<66 families, described
individually in the accompanying data set> 73<about>,1100 74<about>,6700 79,1
81<the adults are found everywhere: in and on the ground, on vegetation
(especially on flowers), hawking for prey, drinking or gathering mud around
ponds and streams, etc. Most adults seem to feed to some extent on nectar or
honey-dew, but many parasitic species suck the juices of their hosts, as well
as depositing eggs in or on them. They are mostly diurnal or crepuscular, but
parasitic wasps with nocturnal hosts are themselves nocturnal, and are
generally of distinctive appearance, being pale coloured and with unusually
large compound eyes and ocelli> 83<hymenopt> 
 
# Lepidoptera/
2<Moths and Butterflies> 4,2<the majority>/1<when the larvae feed on
helophytic or occasionally aquatic plants> 6,3/9 9,1<only \i{}Acherontia\i0{},
which squeaks like a mouse by forcing air through the proboscis>/2<the rest>
10,2-5 12,1/2<notably in the females of some genera> 13<usually>,2 14,1-3 15,2
17,1<mostly>/2<some groups being characterised by the haustellum and palpi
being lacking or vestigial> 18,1<mostly>/2<when the haustellum is lacking or
non-functional> 19,2<mostly>/1<in Eriocraniidae and Micropterigidae, which
alone have functional mandibles and a hypopharynx specialized for grinding
pollen> 20,2 21,1-2<mandibles absent or vestigial save in the Micropterigidae
and Eriocranidae, and the maxillae usually greatly modified, with their galeae
much elongated, internally grooved and fastened together by interlocking hooks
and spines to form the tubular proboscis (haustellum) through which food is
drawn> 24,1/2 25,1/2 26,15-35<i.e., many-segmented> 28,0/2 29<when present,
i.e. usually,>,2 32,1-2<the fore-wings often firmer> 33,1 35,1-3 36,1/2
37,1/2<in butterflies, in particular> 38,2 39,2<the covering being more or
less complete, except in Sesiidae and a few Sphingidae where the scales are
restricted to the bodies and legs and to coloured areas of the largely clear
wings> 40,2<differing in this respect from those of Trichoptera> 41,1 42,1/2/3
43<when closed and directed backwards,>,1/2 44,1 45,1<comparable with those on
winged forms> 47,5 48,1/2 49,2/4 50,2<cerci entirely lacking> 51,1/2<mostly>
52,6-9(-10)<the sternum of 1 being lacking, and 7-10 often involved in the
structures of the genitalia> 55,1<mostly>/2<Pyralidae-Nymphulinae>
56,1<mostly>/2<in folded leaves, leaf miners, wood and stem borers>
57,2<mostly>/3/5/6 58,1 59,1<nearly always>/2<in some leaf mining forms>
60,1<usually>/2<in some leaf mining forms> 61,1 62,1<often, when exposed
feeders, and often conspicuously hairy or bristly>/2 63,1 64,2 65,1 66,1 67,2
68,1<rarely, e.g. \i{}Zeugloptera\i0{}>/2<almost invariably> 69,1<only in a
few supposedly primitive forms, e.g. \i{}Eriocranidae\i0{}>/2<nearly always>
70,2 71,2 72<61 families, described individually in the accompanying data set>
73<about>,670 74<about>,2200 79,1 81<the fringed wings are characteristically
covered on both surfaces with broad, overlapping but easily removable,
coloured, stalked scales. The body and legs are also densely scaly, including
wingless females and those forms in which the wings are mainly bare of them>
83<lepidopt> 
 
# Mantodea/
1<~\i{}Dictyoptera-Mantodea\i0{}> 2<Praying mantids> 6,1 10,5<the species most
likely to be encounered in Britain reaching about 6 cm in length> 11,1
12,1/2<the females often lacking functional wings> 13<when flying,>,1<the
hindwings> 14,1 15,2-3 17,1 19,1 21,1 24,1 25,1 26,20-40<? many segmented>
28,3 29<when present,>,2 32<in flying forms,>,2 33,2 35<membranous, when
functional>,3 36,1 37,1 38,1 41,2 42,3 47,5 48,1 50,1<these several- to many-
segmented> 54,1 65,2 66,2 70,2 71,1 72<Mantidae> 73,1 74,1<\i{}Mantis
religiosa\i0{}> 75,1 81<although this orthopteroid Order is not represented in
the native British fauna, \i{}Mantis religiosa\i0{} is common in northern
France, and this and more spectacular tropical species are often kept as pets,
which sometimes escape. In addition to their characteristic supplicatory
posture, they are notably voracious carnivores, feeding mainly on other
insects, which they seize and hold between the spined tibiae and femora of the
pincer-like fore-legs> 83<mantodea> 
 
# Mecoptera/
2<Scorpion-flies> 6,1/2/4<\i{}Panorpa\i0{} feeds on small arthropods, but
perhaps only when these are incapacitated, while \i{}Boreus\i0{} is unusual in
this generally carnivorous Order in feeding on vegetable matter> 10,2-3
12,1/2<the wings rudimentary and without venation in the Boreidae, being
represented by two pairs of slender, bristle-like vestiges in tbe males and a
single pair of scale-like lobes on the mesothorax in the females> 13<when
wings fully developed,>,1/2 14,2 15,2 16,1<via the extended clypeus> 17,1 19,1
20,1/2<?> 21<more or less>,1<but with the clypeus and labrum elongated to form
a rostrum bearing the other components> 24,1 25,1 26,15-35<many-segmented>
28,3 29,1<i.e., in the females of Boreidae>/2 32<when two pairs are
present,>,1<and commonly conspicuously maculated> 33,1 35<when two pairs are
present,>,2 36,2 37,2 38,1 39,3<sometimes slightly hairy, but not
conspicuously so> 42,3 43,2 47,5 48,1<male \i{}Panorpa\i0{}, with the ninth
sternum prolonged into two styliform arms, its tergum prolonged into a
subquadrate plate, and a pair of laterally inserted, two-segmented claspers
between the dorsal and ventral processes thus formed>/2 50,1<these short,
two-segmented or ostensibly three-segmented via narrow basal prolongations>
52,11<tergum 1 fused with the metathorax, but the sternite free> 56,1
57,1<?>/2/3 58<caterpillar-like,>,1 59,1<on segments 1-8:
\i{}Panorpidae\i0{}>/2<\i{}Boreidae\i0{}> 60,1<at least, the abdominal apex
often modified into a suction disc: \i{}Panorpidae\i0{}>/2<\i{}Boreidae\i0{}>
61<when present,>,2 63,1 64,2 65,1 66,1 67,2 68,1 69,1 70,2 71,2
72<\i{}Boreidae, Panorpidae\i0{}> 73,2<\i{}Boreus\i0{} and \i{}Panorpa\i0{}>
74,4 81<the vernacular name Scorpion-fly derives from the posture of male
\i{}Panorpidae\i0{}, which carry the tip of the abdomen curved upwards and
forward> 83<mecopter> 
 
# Neuroptera/
1<Including Megaloptera (\i{}Sialidae\i0{}); excluding \i{}Raphidioptera\i0{}>
2<Green Lacewings, Brown Lacewings, Alder-flies, Stinkers, Stink-flies,
Dusty-wings, Sponge-flies, Wax-flies> 4,1<the Sialidae and \i{}Sisyridae\i0{}
having aquatic larvae>/2 6,1<on slow moving, soft bodied arthropods - aphids,
psyllids, etc.> 10,2-3 12,1 13,2 15,2 17,1 19,1 20,2 21,1<with the apical
segments of the labial and maxillary palps sensory in function and often
swollen> 24,1 25,1 26,15-35<many-segmented> 28,0<usually absent>/3<but
vestigial only, in \i{}Osmylidae\i0{}> 29,2 32,1 33,1 35<more or
less>,2/3<\i{}Sialidae\i0{}> 36,1/2 37,1<at least in \i{}Sialidae\i0{}, where
the hind-wings have an expanded anal field>/2<all the rest?>
38,1<mostly>/2<e.g. \i{}Conwentzia\i0{}> 39,1/3 40,1<sometimes, according to
text-books, but details not recorded>/2 41,1/2 42,3 43,1 47,5 48,2 50,2
52,9<\i{}Chrysopidae\i0{}>/10<even then with sternite 1 reduced> 55,2<those of
Megaloptera-\i{}Sialidae\i0{} and Neuroptera-\i{}Sisyridae\i0{} having
abdominal gills, the latter being predatory on fresh-water sponges>/1<the
rest> 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,2 60,1<i.e., often with one or two terminal abdominal
suction discs, which in \i{}Osmylidae\i0{} are identical with those of
\i{}Lepidoptera\i0{}>/2 61,1<e.g., \i{}Osmylidae\i0{}>/2 63,1 64,2 65,1 66,1
67,2 68,1 69,1 70,2 71,2 72<\i{}Chrysopidae, Coniopterigidae, Hemerobiidae,
Osmylidae, Sialidae, Sisyridae\i0{}> 73,18 74,56 81<often emitting an odour
when handled. The wings sometimes bear corneous spots, cf. Trichoptera
(Riek, 1970)> 83<neuropt> 
 
# Odonata/
2<Dragonflies, Damsel-flies> 4,1 6,1 10,3-5 12,1 13,2 14<much elongated,>,1-3
15,2 17,1 19,1 20,2 21<more or less>,1<but clearly adapted for predation, with
wide gape, strongly toothed mandibles, spined maxillae with unsegmented palpi,
and labial palpi modified into large lateral lobes, each of the latter
equipped near its apex with a moveable hook and a spine or end-hook> 24,2
25,-<exhibiting considerable differentiation among the few segments - scape
relatively large, pedicel variable, the distal flagellum thin> 26,3-5
28<always>,3 29,2 32,1 33,1 35,2 36,2 37,2 38,1 39,3 42,2 47,3 48<fairly>,1
50,1 51,2 52,10<all ten complete and flexibly articulated> 55,2<with tracheal
gills> 57<spectacularly>,1<equipped with a large, prehensile, hinged labium
for seizing prey, which can include tadpoles and fish> 58,1 59,2 64,1 65,2
66,2 70,2 71,1 72<9 families> 73,21 74,45<described individually in the
accompanying data set> 81<hovering and darting hunters, the eyes very large
and the abdomen much elongated. The large, hinged labium of the nymphs of
Odonata, with the labial palps bearing moveable hooks and constituting
pincers, is unique> 83<odonata> 
 
# Orthoptera/
1<\i{}sensu stricto\i0{}: = Orthoptera-Saltatoria. Excluding Blattodea,
Dermaptera, Mantodea, Phasmatodea> 2<Grasshoppers, Crickets> 6,1<occasionally
eating other insects>/2<mostly>/6 8,1<nearly always, the hind femurs enlarged
in this connection>/2<the burrowing Mole-cricket being a notable exception>
9,1<usually, by stridulation, often in chorus, and with associated 
auditory organs>/2<rarely, e.g. \i{}Tachycines asynamorus\i0{}>
10,2-5 12,1/2<sometimes apterous, often brachypterous> 
13<flying forms>,1<the hindwings> 
14,2-3 15,2 17,1 19,1 20,2 21,1<the large
mandibles usually somewhat asymmetric> 24,1<often so long
so as to extend beyond the rear of the abdomen when directed backwards>
25,1 26,7-40<? - to very numerous>
28,0/2/3<mostly> 29<when present>,2 32,2 33,2 35,3 36,1 37<much>,1 38,1 39,3 42,3
47,1-4<nearly always terminating in two claws> 48,1/2 49,2/4 50,1 51,1/2
52,(10-)11<terga 11 forming a supra-anal plate, which is sometimes fused with
10> 58,1 59,2 64,1 65,2 66,2 70,2 71,1 72<10 families, described individually
in the accompanying data set> 73<about>,21<native and established aliens, with
about 14 more represented by occasional migrants and casual introductions>
74<about>,30<natives and established aliens, and about 20 more occasionally
occurring as migrants or as casual introductions> 83<orthopte> 
 
# Phasmatodea/
1<~ Dictyoptera-Phasmida> 2<Stick-insects, Leaf-insects> 6,2 9,2 10,5<the
British introductions about 5-12 cm long, but some tropical forms can exceed
30 cm> 12,2<in the the species encountered in Britain> 15,1 17,1 19,1
21,1<with strong, cutting mandibles> 24,1 25,1 26,20-40<? - many segmented>
28,0<being present only in some winged forms> 29<two, representing the reduced
fore-wings, the hind-wings being absent in British representatives> 47,5 48,1
50,1<these fairly conspicuous, but unsegmented> 52,10<dorsally, although the
first or media segment is between the hind-legs and is ostensibly part of the
thorax> 57,2 66,2 70,2 71,1 72<Phasmatidae> 73,2 74,3 76<in Britain,>,1 78,-
81<this orthopteroid Order is not native to Britain, but several introduced
New Zealand species have persisted in warm locations (especially in Cornwall),
and the widely cultured laboratory species \i{}Carausius morosus\i0{}
occasionally escapes. The Order comprises exclusively foliage feeders,
intriguingly stick-like or leaf-like in form. A remarkable capacity for
regenerating organs (which sometimes develop in the wrong positions) lends
them special interest in morphogenetic studies> 83<phasmato> 
 
# Phthiraptera/
1<including Mallophaga, Siphunculata (= Anoplura)> 2<Bird Lice, Biting Lice
(Mallophaga), Sucking Lice, Head Louse, Body Louse>
6<exclusively>,8<Mallophaga feeding on feathers or feathers and blood,
Anoplura exclusively on blood> 7,1<Anoplura, seemingly to the exclusion of
bats and monotremes>/2<Mallophaga> 10,1-2 12,2 14,1 15,1
16,1<Siphunculata>/2<Mallophaga> 17,1 19,1<Mallophaga>/2<Siphunculata>
20,1<when sucking>/2 21<more or less>,1<mandibulate in Mallophaga, with or
without maxillary palps>/2<tiny and difficult to interpret in Siphunculata,
where they comprise a small, soft proboscis with internal teeth, which when
feeding is everted to grip the host, and three piercing stylets; the whole
assembly being borne on the unjointed, conical or rounded beak which
constitutes the front of the head> 24,2 25,1-2 26,3-5 27,2 28,0 47,1-2<the
conspicuously one- or two-clawed tarsi adapted for clinging to the hosts> 48,2
50,2 52,8-10<9 in Anoplura> 56,1 57,7<on birds and mammals> 58,1 59,2
60,1<sometimes, with a terminal pair of abdominal claspers>/2 63,1 64,1 65,3
66,2 70,2 71,2 72<12 families> 73,96 74<about>,540 80,1 83<phthirap> 
 
# Plecoptera/
2<Stoneflies> 4,1 6<imbibing liquids only, or>,9<?>/- 10,2-3 12,1 13,2 15,2
17,1-2<weak> 19,1<but only weakly mandibulate> 20,2 21<more or
less>,1<having only weak or vestigial mandibles, but well developed maxillae
complete with galea, lacinia and 5-segmented palps, and a complete labium with
3-segmented palps> 24,1 25,1 26,15-35<long, setaceous, filiform,
many-segmented> 28,2/3 29,2 32,1<differing in this respect from other
orthopteroid Orders> 33,1 35,3<often much larger> 36,1 37,1<their anal lobes
folding fan-wise against the body, and the hand-wings overlain by the
fore-wings, of which one closely enwraps all but the base of the other>
38,1<often>/2 39,3 42,3 43,2 47,3 48,1<with two thread-like cerci, and usually
a pair of large paraprocts, which are often fused with the bases of the cerci
and are frequently armed with copulatory hooks> 49,3/4 50,1 51<generally>,2
52,10 55,2<with or without external gills. Distinguishable from nymphs of
\i{}Ephemeroptera\i0{} by their large prothorax and absence of an appendix
dorsalis> 58,1 59,2 64,1 65,2 66,2 70,2 71,1 72<\i{}Capniidae, Chloroperlidae,
Leuctridae, Nemouridae, Perlidae, Perlodidae, Taeniopterygidae\i0{}> 73,16
74,34 81<a small orthopteroid Order of soft-bodied, weak-flying insects with
membranous wings and aquatic nymphs, frequenting habitats with unpolluted,
moving water. The larger species are popular as trout bait> 83<plecopte> 
 
# Protura/
1<~ Myrientomata> 6,4&7/2<?> 10,1<less than 2 mm long> 12,2 15,1 17,1 19,1
20,2 21,1<slender and pointed, the maxillary and labial palpi better developed
than in other entognathous classes> 23,2 27,2 28,2 44,1<these 5-segmented>
47,1<with the pretarsus ending in a single claw> 48,2 50,2 52,12 53,1<on
segments 1-3> 58,1 59,2 64,1 65,3 66,2 70,1<but sometimes treated as a Class,
equivalent in status to the Insecta> 72<3 families in Britain:
\i{}Eosentomidae\i0{}, \i{}Protentomidae\i0{} and \i{}Acerentomidae\i0{}> 73,6
74,12 81<mostly unpigmented, slow moving. Adult abdomen 12-segmented. In damp
places, in soil, leaf litter, moss, under stones, etc.> 83<protura> 
 
# Psocoptera/
2<Book-lice, Psocids> 6,2/4/6/7 10,1-2 12,1/2<not uncommonly> 13<when wings
developed>,2 14,1-3<?> 15,2 17,1 19,1 20,2 21,1-2<the mandibles asymmetric,
the maxillary lacinia modified into an elongate, strongly sclerotized rod
sunken well into the head capsule and apically variously toothed, the labial
palpi reduced> 22,1 24,1 25,1 26,15-35<many-segmented> 28,3<in winged
forms>/0<in apterous forms> 29<when present,>,2 32,1 33,1 35,1 36,2
38,2<venation reduced> 39,3 42,3 43<usually>,1 45,2 47,2/3 48,2 50,2 52,9 58,1
59,2 64,1 65,2 66,2 70,2 71,1 72<11 families> 73<about>,50 74<about>,90 79,1
81<adults free living, feeding on plants, plant and animal remains, fungal
hyphae, stored products, etc. Of little economic significance> 83<psocopte> 
 
# Raphidioptera/
2<Snake-flies> 4,2 6,1 10,2-3 12,1 13,2 15,2 17,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 24,1 25,1
26,15-35<? - elongated> 28,3<in British representatives> 29,2 32,1 33,1 34,1
35<somewhat>,1 36,2 38,1-2 39,3 42,3 43,1 47,5 48,1/2 49,2<females>/4 50,2
51,1 55,1 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,2 60,1<represented by suction discs?>/2 61<if
present,>,2 63,1 64,2 65,1 66,1 67,2 68,1 69,1 70,2 71,2
72<\i{}Raphidiidae\i0{}> 73,1/4/5<\i{}Raphidia\i0{} s. lat., the British
representatives being now referred to the segregate genera
\i{}Atlantoraphidia\i0{}, \i{}Phaeostigma\i0{}, \i{}Subilla\i0{} Linn. and
\i{}Xanthostigma\i0{}> 74,4<\i{}Atlantoraphidia maculicollis\i0{},
\i{}Phaeostigma notata\i0{}, \i{}Subilla confinis\i0{} and \i{}Xanthostigma
xanthostigma\i0{}. The Fenno-Scandian and central European \i{}Raphidia
ophiopsis\i0{} Linn. may yet be found here.> 77,1 83<raphidio> 
 
# Siphonaptera/
2<Fleas> 6,8 7,1&2 8,1 10,1-2 12,2 14,3 15,2 17,1 19,2 20,1 21,2<mandibles
absent, the maxillary laciniae adapted as a pair of long, distally serrated,
cutting blades, the maxillary and labial palpi well developed with the latter
forming a sheath for the laciniae, and the epipharynx forming a long stylet>
25,2<the terminal segment usually petiolate, with nine units> 26,3 27,2
28,2<or these reduced>/0 47,5 48,2 52,10 57,3<commonly in dust and detritus>
58,2<vermiform> 59,2 60,1-2<the terminal segment with a pair of anal struts>
63,1 64,2 65,1 66,1 67,2 68,2 69,1 70,2 71,2 72<\i{}Ceratophyllidae,
Hystrichopsyllidae, Ichnopsyllidae, Leptopsyllidae, Pulicidae\i0{}>
73<about>,25 74<about>,50 83<siphonap> 
 
# Strepsiptera/
2<Stylopids> 6<the neotenic, larviform females>,8<the diet of males being
unknown>/- 7<the females>,3<being permanent, entomophagous endoparasites>
10,1-2 12,1<males>/2<females> 13<the males only>,1<the hindwings>
15,2<males>/1-2<females> 17<quite>,1<though somewhat reduced: the mandibles
broad and scimitar-shaped, the maxillae reduced to 2-segmented palpi, and the
labial palpi absent> 19<more or less>,1 20,2 21,2<much reduced from the normal
biting type> 23,1<in the males>/2<in the females> 24<in the males,
relatively>,1 25,2<ostensibly bifircate, because of the conspicuously
flabellate third segment> 26,4-7 28,0 29<of the males>,1/2<if the much reduced
and haltere-like or elytriform fore-wings are interpreted as such> 32,2
33<much reduced> 35<very much>,3 36<much>,1 37,1 38,2<greatly reduced> 39,3
42,3 44,1<in the males>/2<in females> 47,4/5 48,2 50,2 52,(8-)9(-10)<1 fused
with the metathorax, one or two more partly concealed beneath the
post-scutellum> 56,2 57<(endo-)>,7<in all but the well differentiated,
free-living, actively host-seeking first instar, which moults to become
apodous after entering the host> 58,2 59,2 60,2 64,2 65,1 66,1<males>/2<the
pupal stage being suppressed in the females> 68<of males>,2/- 69,1/- 70,2 71,2
72<\i{}Elenchidae, Halictophagidae, Stylopidae\i0{}> 73,5 74,18 78,1 79<of the
females>,2 83<strepsip> 
 
# Thysanoptera/
2<Thrips> 6,1<sometimes, e.g. on small insects and mites>/2/3/4/6/7
10,1-2<never exceeding 12 mm> 12,1/2 13<when winged,>,2 14,1 15,2/3 17,1
19,3<or rasping and sucking> 20,1 21,2<the mouthparts in the form of a ventral
cone, with the piercing/chewing/rasping elements comprising paired maxillary
stylets and a single functional (left) mandible> 24,1-2 25,1 26,4-9
28,3<winged forms>/0<apterous forms> 29<when present,>,2 32,1 33,1 35,1-3 36,2
37,2 38,2<the venation much reduced> 41<conspicuously long>,1 42,3<not
folding> 47,1/2<clawless, but with the distal segment bearing an eversible
bladder facilitating adhesion to varied surfaces, which readily distinguishes
adult thrips from all other insects> 48,1/2 49,2/4 50,2 51,1<sometimes, or the
terminal segment drawn out into a tube>/2 52,10<10 conical or drawn out into a
tube> 58,1 59,2 64,1 65,2 66,2<but with two or three pre-imaginal resting
stages> 70,2 71,1 72<\i{}Aelothripidae\i0{}, \i{}Thripidae\i0{},
\i{}Phlaeothripidae\i0{}> 73<about>,50 74<about>,165 81<small, slender
insects. Some are associated with flowers, a few form galls, others are
saprophagous or mycophilous in debris, a few are predatory on smaller animals>
83<thysanop> 
 
# Thysanura/
1<excluding \i{}Archaeognatha\i0{}> 2<Silverfish> 6,2/4/6/7<more or less
omnivorous, and some secrete their own cellulase> 10,1-2 12,2 14,1 15,1-2<less
hypognathous than \i{}Archaeognatha\i0{}> 17,1 19,1 20,2 21<more or
less>,1<the mandibles biting transversely as in higher insects> 24,1 25,1
26,15-35<many-segmented> 27,2<sometimess represented as isolated omatidia>
28,0/1<reduced> 47,2-5 48,1<cerci plus appendix dorsalis> 49,3 50,1<these long
or fairly short, shorter than to sub-equalling the appendix dorsalis, with
which they constitute three bristles terminating the abdomen; cf.
\i{}Ephemeroptera\i0{}> 51,1 52,11 53,1<in the form of reduced abdominal
styles on some segments> 58,1 59,2 64,1 65,3 66,2 70,1
72<\i{}Lepismatidae\i0{}> 73,2 74,2 81<very agile runners, nocturnal,
omnivorous, often living in association with vertebrates and in human
habitations> 83<thysanur> 
 
# Trichoptera/
2<Caddis-flies> 4,1 6,3<or water only - the mouth-parts always being
reduced>/9 9,1/2 10,2-3 11,1/2 12,1 13,2 15,2 17,2<all but the palps being
very reduced and specialised for ingesting liquids, the mandibles vestigial>
18,1-2 19<if operational for feeding,>,2 20,2 24,1<very long and filamentous>
25,1 26,15-35<many-segmented> 28,0<e.g., \i{}Leptoceridae\i0{}>/2<in 
some \i{}Hydroptilidae\i0{}>/3<usually, when present. Many adult Trichoptera are 
nocturnal and are attracted to light, but some fly actively in sunlight, and
it would be worth pursuing the extent to which variation re ocelli 
is associated with this> 29,2 32,1-2<the fore-wings somewhat
leathery, the hind-wings thinner> 33,1-2 34,1<in
\i{}Rhyacophilidae\i0{}>/2<mostly not clearly developed> 35,1-3 36,1/2 37,1/2
38,2 39,1<though occasionally also with some narrow scales> 40,1 41,1<always?>
42,3 43,1<though nearly flat in \i{}Hydroptilidae\i0{}> 47,5 48,1/2 49,2/4
50,1<short, one-segmented>/2 51,1<in some families>/2 52,9<males, the tenth
being incorporated in the terminalia>/10<in females, but sternum 1 not
differentiated> 55,2<often case-making; without spiracles, but often with
tracheal gills, otherwise gaseous exchange occurs via the general body
surface> 56,1<commonly constructing characteristic cases which they carry
around with them, comprising an inner, silken tube with affixed fragments of
wood, plant stems and stones> 57,1<then sometimes making elaborate silken nets
or traps for enmashing prey>/2/3<more or less omnivorous as a group, with the
case-bearing forms generally vegetarian and the free forms predatory> 58,1
59,2 60,1 61,1<the terminal prolegs usually bearing hooks anchoring the larva
to its case or substrate>/2 63,1 64,2 65,1 66,1 67,2 68,1 69,1 70,2 71,2 72<14
families, described individually in some detail in the accompanying data set>
73,70 74,192 81<the adult morphology resembles that of Lepidoptera, but
although the wings and bodies of some Trichoptera exhibit scales, these are
narrow and acuminate and never assume the broadened form characteristic of
Lepidoptera; trichopteran mouthparts lack the specialised galea characteristic
of Lepidoptera; caddis with ocelli usually have three, while Lepidoptera
posessing them have ony two, and a further distinction is that 
the wings of Lepidoptera lack corneous spots.> 83<trichopt> 
 
# Unsatisfactorily resolved images/
3,- 4,- 5,- 7,- 8,- 9,- 10,- 11,- 12,- 13,- 16,- 20,- 21,- 26,- 28,- 29,- 31,-
41,- 43,- 47,- 49,- 53,- 55,- 60,- 62,- 77,- 78,- 82<\par{}Inclusion in this
list means that the nomenclatural combination quoted by Curtis or Stephens
could not be resolved via the Kloet and Hincks Check Lists (1945 and
subsequent updates) and the other works to hand (see \i{}References\i0{}).
Numbers refer to the first edition of Curtis's \i{}British Entomology\i0{},
while number-less names refer to J.F. Stephenss \i{}Illustrations of British
Entomology\i0{} (1828-1846). \par{} COLEOPTERA. 183, \i{}Agonum
austriacum\i0{} Fab. (Cranch's Agonum), cf. mainland-European \i{}Agonum
viridecupreum\i0{}. 387, \i{}Anobium pertinax\i0{} Linn. (Obstinate
Death-watch beetle), cf. \i{}A. punctatum\i0{}. 199, \i{}Clytus
quadripunctatus\i0{} Fab. (Spotted Longicorn), probably alien. 542, \i{}Lixus
angustatus\i0{} Fab. (Narrow Lixus Weevil), cf. the mainland-European
\i{}Lixus pulverentulus\i0{}. 196, \i{}Pterostichus elongatus\i0{} Sam. mss,
probably alien. 188, \i{}Zabrus obesus\i0{} Lat. (Devon Zabrus), cf. \i{}Z.
tenebrioides\i0{} (probably alien). \par{} DERMAPTERA. 560, \i{}Forficula
borealis\i0{} Leach mss (Northern Earwig), probably = \i{}F. auricularia\i0{}.
\par{} HEMIPTERA. 693, \i{}Capsus hirtus\i0{} Curtis, = black form of \i{}C.
ater\i0{}? 717, \i{}Coccus aceris\i0{}, nomenclaturally = \i{}Aleurochiton
aceris\i0{}, but cf. \i{}Eulecanium tiliae\i0{}. 640, \i{}Eupteryx
ornatipennis\i0{} Curtis, = ? 612, \i{}Rhyparochromus maculipennis\i0{}
Curtis, = ? 741,\i{} Tingis oxyacanthae\i0{} Curtis, cf. \i{}Physatocheila
dumetorum\i0{}. \par{} HYMENOPTERA. 764, \i{}Allantus flavipes\i0{} Fourc.,
probably = \i{}Elinora dominiquei\i0{}. 584, \i{}Alyson kennedii\i0{} Curtis,
= \i{}Alysson\i0{} sp.? 129, \i{}Andrena kirbii\i0{} Stephens mss (Kirbian
Andrena Bee), cf. \i{}A. flavipes\i0{}? 564, \i{}Bombus ericetorum\i0{} Panzer
(Heath Humble-bee), cf. \i{}Chalicodoma ericetorum\i0{} Lep.? 680, \i{}Crabro
subpunctatus\i0{} Rossi, cf.\i{} Crossocerus quadrimaculatus\i0{} (Fab). 436,
\i{}Emphytus fasciatus\i0{} Le Pel. (Banded Tenthredo). 13, \i{}Eumenes
atricornis\i0{} Fab., nomnclaturally = \i{}E. coronatus\i0{}, but cf.
\i{}Eumenes coarctatus\i0{}. 407, \i{}Lampronota crenicornis\i0{} Hal. mss
(Broken-horned Lampronota), cf. \i{}Lissonota\i0{}. \i{}Nomada kirbyella\i0{}
Stephens (Stephens 1846). 632, \i{}Pemphredon unicolor\i0{} Fab., cf. \i{}Psen
littoralis\i0{} or \i{}Psen spooneri\i0{}. 512, \i{}Rogas balteatus\i0{} Hal.
mss (Red-and-black Rhogas), = ? \par{} LEPIDOPTERA. 205a, \i{}Coenonympha
arcania\i0{}? (Plastead's Tawny Ringlet Butterfly), probably alien.
\i{}Hipparchia iphis\i0{}, = \i{}Coenonympha glycerion\i0{}? (probably alien:
from Stephens, 1828). 424, \i{}Psodos equestrata\i0{} (Gold Four-spot Moth),
"from Mr. Plastead's cabinet" - not British? Cf. montane mainland-European
\i{}P. quadrifaria\i0{}. \par{} NEUROPTERA-Hemerobiidae. 202, \i{}Hemerobius
fimbriatus\i0{} Curtis (Bordered Brown Lacewing), cf. Megalomus hirtus Linn.
\par{} ORTHOPTERA. 608, \i{}Locusta christii\i0{} Curtis, = \i{}L.
migratoria\i0{}? \par{} PSOCOPTERA. 648, \i{}Psocus fenestratus\i0{} Curtis, =
? \par{} TRICHOPTERA. Stephens 332 (1835): Mormonia nigripunctata, =
\i{}Grammotaulius nigripunctatus\i0{} (Retz.)?> 83<unidenti> 
