*COMMENT Taxon images for HTML descriptions.
*TAXON IMAGES
# \i{}Abrostola\i0{} <Ochsenheimer>/
      plusii03.jpg <@subject A. tripartita (Spectacle) and A. triplasia (Dark
                            Spectacle), with Macdunnoughia: photos>
                   <@text x=893 y=936
                                t=Figs. 1-2, \i{}Macdunnoughia confusa\i0{}
                                (Dewick's Plusia: a sporadic immigrant). 3-4,
                                \i{}Abrostola tripartita\i0{} (Spectacle); 5,
                                \i{}Abrostola triplasia\i0{} (Dark Spectacle).
                                \par{}\par{}1-2: Bagneux, Seine, Sept. 1954.
                                3-4, Cheddleton near Leek, Staffs., June 1957.
                                5, Cheddleton, June 1952. From Watsons
                                collection.>
      plusii01.jpg <@subject The British species, with 5 other genera of
                            Plusiinae: Newman>
                   <@text x=292 y=415
                                t=1, ABROSTOLA trigemina (Dark Spectacle); 2,
                                ABROSTOLA triplasia (The Spectacle, or Light
                                Spectacle); 3, Trichoplusia ni (Ni Moth); 4,
                                Diachrysia chrysitis (Burnished Brass); 5,
                                Diachrysia orichalcea (Scarce Burnished Brass);
                                6, Plusia festucae (Gold Spot); 7, Autographa
                                gamma (Silver Y); 8, Autographa jota (Plain
                                Golden Y); 9, Autographa pulchrina (Beautiful
                                Golden Y); 10, Autographa bractea (Gold
                                Spangle); 11, Syngrapha interrogationis (Scarce
                                Silver Y). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirby041.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae and Plusiinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=839 y=430
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Cucullia verbasci (Mullein
                                Shark); 2, Cucullia asteris (Starwort Shark); 3
                                and 5, Cucullia umbratica (Shark); 4, Cucullia
                                lactucae (Lettuce Shark); 5, Cucullia umbratica
                                (Shark); 6, Cucullia chamomillae (Chamomile
                                Shark); 7, Cucullia artemisiae (Scarce Wormwood
                                Shark); 8, Cucullia absinthii (Wormwood Shark);
                                9, Cucullia argentea (Green Silver-spangle); 10,
                                Eutelia adulatrix; 11, Allophyes oxyacanthae ab.
                                capucina (Green-brindled Crescent, var.); 12,
                                Eucarta amethystina . PLUSIINAE. 13,
                                \i{}Abrostola trigemina (Dark Spectacle)\i0{};
                                \i{}14, Abrostola triplasia (Spectacle)\i0{};
                                15, Lamprotes c-aureum; 16, Polychrysia moneta
                                (Golden Plusia); 17, Euchalia consona; 18,
                                Euchalcia modestoides; 19, Diachrysia chrysitis
                                (Burnished Brass); 20, Autographa bractea (Gold
                                Spangle); 21, Plusia festucae (Gold Spot); 22,
                                Autographa jota (Plain Golden Y); 23, Autographa
                                gamma (Silver Y); 24, Syngrapha interrogationis
                                (Scarce Silver Y); 25, Syngrapha ain; 26,
                                Syngrapha hochenwarthi. From Kirby 41.>

# \i{}Acontia\i0{} <Ochsenheimer>/
      bent276.jpg <@subject Acontiinae: Acontia nitidula (Brixton Beauty Moth:
                           alien, B. Ent. 276)>
      text2761.gif <@subject Acontia nitidula: B. Ent. 276, legend+text>
      text2762.gif <@subject Acontia nitidula: B. Ent. 276, text cont.)>
      heliot01.jpg <@subject The British species of Heliothidinae and
                            Acontiinae: Newman>
                   <@text x=287 y=605
                                t=HELIOTHIDINAE. 1, Pyrrhia umbra (Bordered
                                Sallow); 2, Helicoverpa armigera (Scarce
                                Bordered Straw); 3, Heliothis viriplaca (Marbled
                                Clover); 4, Heliothis peltigera (Bordered
                                Straw). ACONTIINAE. 5, Lithacodia pygarga
                                (Marbled White Spot); 6, Eustrotia uncula
                                (Silver Hook); 7, Eublemma ostrina (Purple
                                Marbled); 8, Eublemma parva (Small Marbled); 9,
                                \i{}Acontia lucida\i0{} (Pale Shoulder); 10,
                                Emmelia trabealis (Spotted Sulphur). From
                                Newman, 1869.>
      kirby042.jpg <@subject Acontiinae, Amphipyrinae, Hadeninae and
                            Heliothidinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=897 y=169
                                t=ACONTIINAE. 13, Acontia lucida (Pale
                                Shoulder); 17, Eublemma minutata (Scarce
                                Marbled); 18, Deltote bankiana (Silver Barred);
                                19, Eustrotia uncula (Silver Hook); 20,
                                Lithacodia deceptoria (Pretty Marbled); 21,
                                Lithacodia pygarga (Marbled White Spot); 22,
                                Emmelia trabealis (Spotted Sulphur).
                                AMPHIPYRINAE. 5, Panemeria tenebrata (Small
                                Yellow Underwing). HADENINAE. 3, Anarta myrtilli
                                (Beautiful Yellow Underwing); 4, Anarta
                                cordigera (Small Dark Yellow Underwing).
                                HELIOTHIDINAE. 8. Heliothis viriplaca (Marbled
                                Clover); 9, Protoschinia scutosa (Spotted
                                Clover); 10, Heliothis peltigera (Bordered
                                Straw); 11, Periphanes delphinii (Pease
                                Blossom); 12, Pyrrhia umbra (Bordered Sallow) .
                                CATOCALINAE. 28, Minucia lunaris (Lunar Double
                                Stripe). From Kirby 42.>

# \i{}Acosmetia\i0{} <Stephens>/
      amphip04.jpg <@subject A. caliginosa (The Reddish Buff), and 14 related
                            genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=334 y=144
                                t=1, Panemeria tenebrata (Small Yellow
                                Underwing); 2, Elaphria venustula (The Rosy
                                Marbled); 3, Archanara geminipuncta
                                (Twin-spotted Wainscot); 4(a) and (b), Archanara
                                dissoluta (Brown-veined Wainscot); 5, Archanara
                                algae ( Reed Wainscot); 6, Oria musculosa
                                (Brighton Wainscot); 7, Rhizedra lutosa (Large
                                Wainscot); 8(a)-(d), Charanyca trigrammica
                                (Treble Lines); 9, Arenostola phragmitidis (Fen
                                Wainscot); 10, Hoplodrina alsines (The
                                Uncertain); 11, Hoplodrina blanda (The Rustic);
                                12, Caradrina morpheus (Mottled Rustic); 13,
                                Caradrina clavipalpis (Pale Mottled Willow);
                                14(a)-(d), Chilodes peltigera (Silky Wainscot);
                                15, Stilbia anomala (The Anomalous); 16,
                                Spodoptera exigua (Small Mottled Willow); 17,
                                ACOSMETIA caliginosa (The Reddish Buff); 18,
                                Coenobia rufa (Small Rufous); 19, Athetis
                                pallustris (Marsh Moth). From Newman, 1869.>

# \i{}Actinotia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      noctui01.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: Actinotia polyodon and 10 related
                            genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=448 y=9
                                t=1, \i{}ACTINOTIA polyodon\i0{} (The Purple
                                Cloud); 2, \i{}Axylia putris\i0{} (The Flame);
                                3, \i{}Rhyacia simulans\i0{} (Dotted Rustic); 4,
                                \i{}Eugnorisma glareosa\i0{} (Autumnal Rustic);
                                5, \i{}Paradiarsia\i0{} (\i{}Protolampra\i0{})
                                \i{}sobrina\i0{} (Cousin German); 6,
                                \i{}Lycophotia porphyrea\i0{} (True Lovers'
                                Knot); 7, \i{}Ochropleura praecox\i0{} (Portland
                                Moth); 8, \i{}Ochropleura fennica\i0{}
                                (Eversmanns Rustic); 9, \i{}Eugnorisma
                                depuncta\i0{} (Plain Clay); 10(a) and (b),
                                \i{}Standfussiana lucernea\i0{} (Northern
                                Rustic); 11, \i{}Ochropleura flammatra\i0{} (The
                                Black Collar); 12, \i{}Ochropleura plecta\i0{}
                                (Flame Shoulder); 13, \i{}Eugraphe subrosea\i0{}
                                (Rosy Marsh Moth); 14, \i{}Spaelotis ravida\i0{}
                                (Stout Dart); 15, \i{}Graphiphora augur\i0{}
                                (Double Dart). From Newman (1869).>
      kirby040.jpg <@subject A. polyodon Purple Cloud), with Cuculliinae and
                            Amphipyrinaee: Kirby>
                   <@text x=917 y=8
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Dryobotodes eremita (Brindled
                                Green); 2, Dichonia aprilina
                                (Merveille-du-Jour); 3, Lamprosticta culta; 4,
                                Meganephria bimaculosa (Double-spot Brocade); 5,
                                Allophyes oxyacanthae (Green-brindled Crescent);
                                6, Valeria oleagina (Green Brindled Dot); 10,
                                Blepharita satura (Beautiful Arches); 11,
                                Eremobia ochroleuca (Dusky Sallow); 22, Hyppa
                                rectilinea (Clouded Brocade); 23, Auchmis
                                detersa. AMPHIPYRINAE. 7, Luperina testacea
                                (Flounced Rustic); 8, Thalophila matura (Straw
                                Underwing); 9, Calamia tridens virens (Burren
                                Green); 12, Apamea lateritia (Scarce Brindle);
                                13, Apamea monoglypha (Dark Arches); 14, Apamea
                                lithoxylaea (Light Arches); 15, Apamea sordens
                                (Rustic Shoulder-knot); 16, Apamea crenata
                                (Clouded-bordered Brindle); 17, Apamea remissa
                                (Dusky Brocade); 18, Mesapamea secalis (Common
                                Rustic); 19, Oligia strigilis (Marbled Minor);
                                20, Mesoligia furuncula (Cloaked Minor); 21,
                                Dypterygia scabriuscula (Bird's Wing); 25,
                                Callopistria juventina; 26, Polyphaenis
                                sericata. NOCTUINAE. \i{}24, Actinotia polyodon
                                (Purple Cloud)\i0{}. From Kirby 40, with names
                                updated.>

# \i{}Acronicta\i0{} <Ochsenheimer>/
      bent136.jpg <@subject Acronictinae: Acronicta rumicis (Knot-grass: B. Ent.
                           136)>
      text1361.gif <@subject Acronicta rumicis: (B. Ent. 136, legend+text>
      text1362.gif <@subject Acronicta rumicis: B. Ent. 136, text cont.>
      newmacr1.jpg <@subject 11 Acronicta species, with other Acronictinae:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=614 y=128
                                t=1, Moma alpium (Scarce Merveille-du-jour); 2,
                                \i{}Acronicta megacephala\i0{} (Poplar Grey); 3,
                                \i{}Acronicta aceris\i0{} (The Sycamore: 1b
                                representing a dark var.); 4, \i{}Acronicta
                                leporina\i0{} (The Miller); 5, \i{}Acronicta
                                alni\i0{} (The Alder); 6, Acronicta tridens
                                (Dark Dagger, 6a representing the typical form);
                                7, \i{}Acronicta psi\i0{} (Grey Dagger); 8,
                                \i{}Acronicta strigosa\i0{} (Marsh Dagger); 9,
                                \i{}Acronicata menyanthidis\i0{} (Light
                                Knot-Grass, a and b representing the typical
                                form); 10, \i{}Acronicta auricoma\i0{} (Scarce
                                Dagger); 11, \i{}Acronicta euphorbiae
                                myricae\i0{} (Sweet Gale Moth); 12,
                                \i{}Acronicta rumicis\i0{} (The Knot-Grass); 13,
                                Simyra albovenosa (Powdered Wainscot); 14,
                                Craniophora ligustri (The Coronet); 15, Cryphia
                                algae (Tree-lichen Beauty); 16, Cryphia
                                domestica (Marbled beauty); 17, Cryphia muralis
                                (Marbled Green). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirbyacr.jpg <@subject Acronictinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=918 y=10
                                t=ACRONICTINAE. 10, Simyra albovenosa (Reed
                                Dagger); 12, \i{}Acronicta leporina\i0{}
                                (Miller); 13, \i{}Acronicata aceris\i0{}
                                (Sycamore); 14, \i{}Acronicta megacephala\i0{}
                                (Poplar Grey); 15, \i{}Acronicta alni\i0{}
                                (Alder Moth); 16, \i{}Acronicta tridens\i0{}
                                (Dark Dagger); 17, \i{}Acronicta psi\i0{} (Grey
                                Dagger); 18, \i{}Acronicta auricoma\i0{} (Scarce
                                Dagger); 19, \i{}Acronicta rumicis\i0{}
                                (Knot-grass); 20, Craniophora ligustri
                                (Coronet). From Kirby 33.>
      kirbacr2.jpg <@subject Acronictinae (Cryphia): Kirby>
                   <@text x=254 y=886
                                t=ACRONICTINAE. 1, Cryphia raptricula; 2,
                                Cryphia algae (Tree-lichen Beauty); 3, Cryphia
                                muralis (Marbled Green); 4; Cryphia domestica (=
                                perla: Marbled Beauty); 5, Moma alpium (Scarce
                                Merveille du Jour). From Kirby 34.>
      dpon0061.jpg <@subject Larvae of A. aceris (Sycamore) and A. euphorbiae:
                            Duponchel and Gune (1849)>
                   <@text x=64 y=877
                                t=Noctuidae. 1, \i{}A. euphorbiae\i0{}. 2,
                                \i{}A. aceris\i0{} (Sycamore). Duponchel and
                                Gune, 1849.>
      dpon0071.jpg <@subject Larvae of A. megacephala (Poplar Grey) and A.
                            rumicis (Knot-grass): Duponchel and Gune (1849)>
                   <@text x=846 y=883
                                t=Noctuidae. 1, \i{}A. megacephala\i0{} (Poplar
                                Grey). 2, \i{}A. rumicis\i0{} (Knot-grass).
                                Duponchel and Gune, 1849.>

# \i{}Agrochola\i0{} <Hbner>/
      cucull03.jpg <@subject 6 British Agrochola species, with 3 related genera:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=282 y=108
                                t=1, Atethmia centrago (Centre-barred Sallow);
                                2, AGROCHOLA circellaris (The Brick); 3,
                                AGROCHOLA lota (Red-line Quaker); 4, AGROCHOLA
                                macilenta (Yellow-line Quaker); 5, AGROCHOLA
                                helvola (Flounced Chestnut); 6, AGROCHOLA litura
                                (Brown-spot Pinion); 7(a) and (b), AGROCHOLA
                                lychnidis (Beaded Chestnut); 8, Xanthia citrago
                                (Orange Sallow); 9(a) and (b), Xanthia icteritia
                                (The Sallow); 10, Xanthia togata (Pink-barred
                                Sallow); 11, Xanthia aurago (Barred Sallow); 12,
                                Xanthia gilvago (Dusky-lemon Sallow); 13,
                                Brachionycha nubeculosa (Rannoch Sprawler); 14,
                                Brachionycha sphinx (The Sprawler). From Newman,
                                1869.>
      step0192.jpg <@subject Agrochola macilenta (Yellow-line Quaker): Stephens
                            II, 1830>
      dpon052.jpg <@subject Larvae and pupae of A. lychnidis, Jodia croceago,
                           Conistra rubiginea: Duponchel and Gune (1849)>
                  <@text x=769 y=821
                               t=Noctuidae. 1, \i{}Jodia croceago\i0{} (Orange
                               Upperwing). 2, \i{}Conistra rubiginea\i0{}
                               (Dotted Chestnut). 3, \i{}Agrochola
                               lychnidis\i0{} (Beaded Chestnut). Duponchel and
                               Gune, 1849.>

# \i{}Agrotis\i0{} <Ochsenheimer>/
      bent165.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: Agrotis cinerea (Light Feathered Rustic:
                           B. Ent. 165)>
      text1651.gif <@subject Noctuinae: Agrotis cinerea: B. Ent. 165,
                            legend+text>
      text1652.gif <@subject Noctuinae: Agrotis cinerea: B. Ent. 165, text
                            cont.>
      agrotis1.jpg <@subject British Agrotis species (1): Newman>
                   <@text x=601 y=76
                                t=AGROTIS. 522a-e, A. vestigialis (The Archer's
                                Dart); 523a&b, A. puta (Shuttle-shaped Dart);
                                524a-c, A. ipsilon (Dark Sword-grass); 526a-c,
                                A. segetum (Turnip Moth); 528a-c, A. trux
                                lunigera (Crescent Dart); 529a&b, A.
                                exclamationis (Heart and Dart). From Newman
                                (1869).>
      agrotis2.jpg <@subject British Agrotis species (2): Newman>
                   <@text x=347 y=719 w=325 h=255 m
                          t=AGROTIS. 530, A. clavis (Heart and Club: a-c, males,
                          d-e females); 531, A. cinerea (Light-feathered
                          Rustic); 532, A. ripae (Sand Dart: a normal, b an
                          unusual var.)>
      agrexc01.jpg <@subject Light and melanic forms of Agrotis exclamationis
                            (Heart and Dart: photos)>
                   <@text x=840 y=24
                                t=\i{}Agrotis exclamationis\i0{} (Heart and
                                Dart), male (above) and female. The dark
                                variants may represent rural (non-industrial)
                                melanism, being commonly encountered in both
                                males and females in "natural" as well as
                                polluted habitats. \par{}\par{}Leek, N. Staffs.,
                                1952. From Watsons collection.>
      newm5261.jpg <@subject Larvae of Agrotis segetum (Turnip Moth): Newman>
      kirbnoc1.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=443 y=7
                                t=NOCTUINAE. : 8 and 20, Xestia ditrapezium
                                (Triple-spotted Clay); 9, Noctua janthe (Lesser
                                Broad-border); 10, "Hiria linogrisea", cf.
                                Epiplecta; 11, Noctua fimbria (Broad-bordered
                                Yellow Underwing); 12, Graphiophora augur
                                (Double Dart); 13, Spaelotis ravida (Stout
                                Dart); 14, Noctua pronuba (Yellow Underwing);
                                15, Noctua orbona (Lunar Yellow Underwing); 16,
                                Noctua comes (Lesser Yellow Underwing); 17,
                                Xestia triangulum (Double Square Spot); 18,
                                Xestia baja (Dotted Clay ); 19, Xestia c-nigrum
                                (Setaceous Hebrew Character); 20, Xestia
                                ditrapezium (Triple-spotted Clay); 21, Diarsia
                                brunnea (Purple Clay); 22, Diarsia mendica
                                (Ingrailed Clay); 23, Paradiarsia glareosa
                                (Autumnal Rustic); 24, Chersotis multangula; 25,
                                Chersotis cuprea; 26, Chersotis ocellina; 27,
                                Ochropleura plectra (Flame Shoulder). From Kirby
                                34, with names updated.>
      kirby035.jpg <@subject Noctuinae and Hadeninae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=450 y=333
                                t=NOCTUINAE. 1, Rhacia simulans (True Lover's
                                Knot); 2, Acylia putris (Flame); 3, Agrotis
                                exclamationis (Heart and Dart); 4, Euxoa tritica
                                (White Line Dart); 5,\i{} Agrotis ipsilon\i0{}
                                (Dark Sword-grass); 6, \i{}Agrotis segetum\i0{}
                                (Common Dart, or Turnip Moth); 7, \i{}Agrotis
                                vestigialis\i0{} (Archer's Dart); 8, Ochropleura
                                praecox (Portland Moth); 9, Anaplectoides
                                prasina (Green Arches); 10, Eurois occulta
                                (Great Brocade). HADENINAE. 11, Cerapteryx
                                graminis (Antler Moth); 12, Tholera decimalis
                                (Feathered Gothic); 13, Pacheta sagittigera
                                (Feathered Ear); 14, Polia bombycina (Pale
                                Shinibg Brown); 15, Polia trimaculosa (Silvery
                                Arches); 16, Polia nebulosa (Grey Arches); 17,
                                Lacanobia contigua (Beautiful Brocade); 18,
                                Ceramica pisi (Broom Moth); 19, Mamestra
                                brassicae (Cabbage Moth); 20, Melanchra
                                persicariae (Dot). Kirby 35>
      step0201.jpg <@subject Agrotis puta (Shuttle-shaped Dart): Stephens II,
                            1830>
      step0221.jpg <@subject Agrotis ripae (Sand Dart): Stephens II, 1830>
      step0203.jpg <@subject Agrotis trux lunigera (Crescent Dart): Stephens II,
                            1830>

# \i{}Allophyes\i0{} <Tams>/
      alloph01.jpg <@subject Allophyes oxyacanthae, light and melanic (photos)>
                   <@text x=855 y=935
                                t=5-6, Green-Brindled Crescent, (\i{}Allophyes
                                oxyacanthae\i0{}), photos. \par{}\par{}Specimens
                                collected at light in 1951 in mixed deciduous
                                woodland near Leek, N. Staffs. Melanic and
                                normal individuals were both common, in
                                habitats ostensibly "rural", but about 10 and 30
                                miles miles from the heavily industrial regions
                                of Stoke-on-Trent and Manchester, respectively.
                                The species is thought to exemplify industrial
                                melanism superimposed on pre-existing rural
                                melanism. From Watsons collection.>
      cucull01.jpg <@subject Allophyes oxyacanthae, and 9 related genera:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=286 y=231
                                t=1(a) and (b), Cleoceris viminalis (Minor
                                Shoulder-knot); 2, Leucochlaena oditis
                                (Beautiful Gothic); 3(a)-(c), Dryobotodes
                                eremita (Brindled Green); 4(a)-(c), Dasypolia
                                templi (Brindled Ochre); 5, Lithomoia
                                solidaginis (Golden-rod Brindle); 6, Valeria
                                oleagina (Green-brindled Dot); 7(a) and (b),
                                Aporophyla australis pascuea (Feathered
                                Brindle); 8(a) and (b), Aporophyla lutulenta
                                lutulenta (Deep-brown Dart); 9(a) and (b),
                                Aporophyla nigra (Black Rustic); 10(a) and (b),
                                \i{}Allophyes oxyacanthae\i0{} (Green-brindled
                                Crescent); 11, Trigonophora flammea (Flame
                                Brocade); 12(a) and (b), Dichonia aprilina
                                (Merveille-du-jour). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirby040.jpg <@subject A. oxyacanthae, with Cuculliinae, Amphipyrinae and
                            Noctuinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=917 y=8
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Dryobotodes eremita (Brindled
                                Green); 2, Dichonia aprilina
                                (Merveille-du-Jour); 3, Lamprosticta culta; 4,
                                Meganephria bimaculosa (Double-spot Brocade);
                                \i{}5, Allophyes oxyacanthae (Green-brindled
                                Crescent)\i0{}; 6, Valeria oleagina (Green
                                Brindled Dot); 10, Blepharita satura (Beautiful
                                Arches); 11, Eremobia ochroleuca (Dusky Sallow);
                                22, Hyppa rectilinea (Clouded Brocade); 23,
                                Auchmis detersa. AMPHIPYRINAE. 7, Luperina
                                testacea (Flounced Rustic); 8, Thalophila matura
                                (Straw Underwing); 9, Calamia tridens virens
                                (Burren Green); 12, Apamea lateritia (Scarce
                                Brindle); 13, Apamea monoglypha (Dark Arches);
                                14, Apamea lithoxylaea (Light Arches); 15,
                                Apamea sordens (Rustic Shoulder-knot); 16,
                                Apamea crenata (Clouded-bordered Brindle); 17,
                                Apamea remissa (Dusky Brocade); 18, Mesapamea
                                secalis (Common Rustic); 19, Oligia strigilis
                                (Marbled Minor); 20, Mesoligia furuncula
                                (Cloaked Minor); 21, Dypterygia scabriuscula
                                (Bird's Wing); 25, Callopistria juventina; 26,
                                Polyphaenis sericata. NOCTUINAE. 24, Actinotia
                                polyodon (Purple Cloud). From Kirby 40, with
                                names updated.>
      kirby041.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae and Plusiinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=839 y=430
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Cucullia verbasci (Mullein
                                Shark); 2, Cucullia asteris (Starwort Shark); 3
                                and 5, Cucullia umbratica (Shark); 4, Cucullia
                                lactucae (Lettuce Shark); 5, Cucullia umbratica
                                (Shark); 6, Cucullia chamomillae (Chamomile
                                Shark); 7, Cucullia artemisiae (Scarce Wormwood
                                Shark); 8, Cucullia absinthii (Wormwood Shark);
                                9, Cucullia argentea (Green Silver-spangle); 10,
                                Eutelia adulatrix; \i{}11, Allophyes oxyacanthae
                                ab. capucina (Green-brindled Crescent,
                                var.)\i0{}; 12, Eucarta amethystina . PLUSIINAE.
                                13, Abrostola trigemina (Dark Spectacle); 14,
                                Abrostola triplasia (Spectacle); 15, Lamprotes
                                c-aureum; 16, Polychrysia moneta (Golden
                                Plusia); 17, Euchalia consona; 18, Euchalcia
                                modestoides; 19, Diachrysia chrysitis (Burnished
                                Brass); 20, Autographa bractea (Gold Spangle);
                                21, Plusia festucae (Gold Spot); 22, Autographa
                                jota (Plain Golden Y); 23, Autographa gamma
                                (Silver Y); 24, Syngrapha interrogationis
                                (Scarce Silver Y); 25, Syngrapha ain; 26,
                                Syngrapha hochenwarthi. From Kirby 41.>

# \i{}Amphipoea\i0{} <Billberg>/
      amphip03.jpg <@subject Amphipoea spp. (The Ear), and 6 related genera:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=710 y=87
                                t=1(a) and (b), Photedes captiuncula (Least
                                Minor); 2(a)-(c), Photedes pygmina (Small
                                Wainscot); 3(a) and (b), Photedes minima (Small
                                Dotted Buff); 4, Photedes elymi (The Lyme
                                Grass); 5, Photedes morrisii (Bond's Wainscot);
                                6, Photedes brevilinea (Fenn's Wainscot); 7(a)
                                and (b), Photedes extrema (The Concolorous);
                                8(a) and (b), Photedes fluxa (Mere Wainscot);
                                9(a) and (b), AMPHIPOEA spp. (The Ear -
                                requiring examination of genitalia to
                                distinguish the species); 10, Luperina testacea
                                (Flounced Rustic); 11, Luperina dumerilii
                                (Dumeril's Luperina); 12, Hydraecia micacea
                                (Rosy Rustic); 13, Hydraecia petasitis (The
                                Butterbur); 14, Gortyna flavago (Frosted
                                Orange); 15(a) and (b), Celaena leucostigma
                                leucostigma (The Crescent) 16, Celaena haworthii
                                (Haworth's Minor); 17(a) and (b), Nonagria
                                typhae (The Bullrush). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirbamp1.jpg <@subject Amphipyrinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=131 y=7
                                t=AMPHIPYRINAE. 1, Trachea atriplicis (Orache
                                Moth); 2, Euplexia lucipara (Small
                                Angle-shades); 4, Phlogophora meticulosa
                                (Angle-shades); 5, Mormo maura (Old Lady); 8,
                                \i{}Amphipoea oculea\i0{} (Golden Ear); 9,
                                Gortyna flavago (Frosted Orange); 10, Archanara
                                cannae (Reed Wainscot); 11, Nonagria typhae
                                (Bulrush Moth); 12, Diclya 00 (Heart); 13,
                                Cosmia pyralina (Lunar-spotted Pinion); 14,
                                Cosmia diffinis (White-spotted Pinion); 15,
                                Cosmia affinis (Lesser-spotted Pinion); 16,
                                Cosmia trapezina (Dun Bar); 17, Ipimorpha retusa
                                (Double Kidney); 21, Amphipyra tragopogonis
                                (Mouse); 22, Amphipyra pyramidea Copper
                                Underwing). From Kirby 36 and 38.>

# \i{}Amphipyra\i0{} <Ochsenheimer>/
      amphip01.jpg <@subject A. pyramidea (Copper Underwing) and A. tragopoginis
                            (The Mouse), with related genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=518 y=187
                                t=1(a) and (b), Mormo maura (The Old Lady); 2,
                                AMPHIPYRA pyramidea (Copper Underwing); 3,
                                AMPHIPYRA tragopoginis (The Mouse); 4,
                                Dypterygia scabriuscula (The Bird's Wing); 5,
                                Thalpophila matura (Straw Underwing); 6(a) and
                                (b), Rusina ferruginea (Brown Rustic); 7,
                                Trachea aptriplicis (The Orache Moth); 8,
                                Euplexia lucipara (Small Angle-shades); 9,
                                Phlogophora meticulosa (The Angle Shades); 10,
                                Ipimorpha subtusa (The Olive); 11, Ipimorpha
                                retusa (The Small Olive). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirbamp1.jpg <@subject Amphipyrinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=131 y=7
                                t=AMPHIPYRINAE. 1, Trachea atriplicis (Orache
                                Moth); 2, Euplexia lucipara (Small
                                Angle-shades); 4, Phlogophora meticulosa
                                (Angle-shades); 5, Mormo maura (Old Lady); 8,
                                Amphipoea oculea (Golden Ear); 9, Gortyna
                                flavago (Frosted Orange); 10, Archanara cannae
                                (Reed Wainscot); 11, Nonagria typhae (Bulrush
                                Moth); 12, Diclya 00 (Heart); 13, Cosmia
                                pyralina (Lunar-spotted Pinion); 14, Cosmia
                                diffinis (White-spotted Pinion); 15, Cosmia
                                affinis (Lesser-spotted Pinion); 16, Cosmia
                                trapezina (Dun Bar); 17, Ipimorpha retusa
                                (Double Kidney); 21, \i{}Amphipyra
                                tragopogonis\i0{} (Mouse); 22, \i{}Amphipyra
                                pyramidea\i0{} Copper Underwing). From Kirby 36
                                and 38.>

# \i{}Anaplectoides\i0{} <McDunnough>/
      noctui02.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: A. prasina (Green Arches) and related
                            genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=509 y=9
                                t=1(a)-(c), Peridroma saucia (Pearly Underwing);
                                2, ANAPLECTOIDES prasina (Green Arches);
                                3(a)-(f), Diarsia mendica mendica (Ingrailed
                                Clay); 4, Diarsia dahlii (Barred Chestnut); 5,
                                Naenia typica (The Gothic); 6, Diarsia rubi
                                (Small Square-spot); 7, Diarsia brunnea (Purple
                                Clay); 8(a) and (b), Eurois occulta (Great
                                Brocade). From Newman (1869).>
      kirby035.jpg <@subject Noctuinae and Hadeninae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=450 y=333
                                t=NOCTUINAE. 1,Rhacia simulans (True Lover's
                                Knot); 2, Acylia putris (Flame); 3, Agrotis
                                exclamationis (Heart and Dart); 4, Euxoa tritica
                                (White Line Dart); 5, Agrotis ipsilon (Dark
                                Sword-grass); 6, Agrotis segetum (Common Dart,
                                or Turnip Moth); 7, Agrotis vestigialis
                                (Archer's Dart); 8, Ochropleura praecox
                                (Portland Moth); 9, \i{}Anaplectoides
                                prasina\i0{} (Green Arches); 10, Eurois occulta
                                (Great Brocade). HADENINAE. 11, Cerapteryx
                                graminis (Antler Moth); 12, Tholera decimalis
                                (Feathered Gothic); 13, Pacheta sagittigera
                                (Feathered Ear); 14, Polia bombycina (Pale
                                Shinibg Brown); 15, Polia trimaculosa (Silvery
                                Arches); 16, Polia nebulosa (Grey Arches); 17,
                                Lacanobia contigua (Beautiful Brocade); 18,
                                Ceramica pisi (Broom Moth); 19, Mamestra
                                brassicae (Cabbage Moth); 20, Melanchra
                                persicariae (Dot). Freom Kirby 45.>

# \i{}Anarta\i0{} <Ochsenheimer>/
      bent145.jpg <@subject Hadeninae: Anarta myrtilli (Beautiful Yellow
                           Underwing: B. Ent. 145)>
      text1451.gif <@subject Anarta myrtilli: B. Ent. 145, legend+text>
      text1452.gif <@subject Anarta myrtilli: B. Ent. 145, text cont.>
      haden01.jpg <@subject Hadeninae: A. melanopa and A. cordigera, with
                           related genera: Newman>
                  <@text x=906 y=13
                               t=1(a) and (b), ANARTA myrtillae (Beautiful
                               Yellow Underwing); 2, ANARTA melanopa
                               (Broad-bordered White Underwing); 3, ANARTA
                               cordigera (Small Dark Yellow Underwing); 4,
                               Discestra trifolii (The Nutmeg); 5(a) and (b),
                               Polia nebulosa (Grey Arches, normal forms); 5(c)
                               and (d), Polia nebulosa (Grey Arches, varieties);
                               6, Polia trimaculosa (Silvery Arches); 7, Polia
                               bombycina (Pale-shining Brown); 8, Pachetra
                               sagittigera britannica (Feathered Ear); 9,
                               Sideridis albicolon (White Colon); 10, Melanchra
                               persicariae (The Dot); 11, Hada plebeja (The
                               Shears); 12, Heliophobus reticulata (Bordered
                               Gothic); 13, Mamestra brassicae (Cabbage Moth).>
      kirby042.jpg <@subject Acontiinae, Amphipyrinae, Hadeninae and
                            Heliothidinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=897 y=169
                                t=ACONTIINAE. 13, Acontia lucida (Pale
                                Shoulder); 17, Eublemma minutata (Scarce
                                Marbled); 18, Deltote bankiana (Silver Barred);
                                19, Eustrotia uncula (Silver Hook); 20,
                                Lithacodia deceptoria (Pretty Marbled); 21,
                                Lithacodia pygarga (Marbled White Spot); 22,
                                Emmelia trabealis (Spotted Sulphur).
                                AMPHIPYRINAE. 5, Panemeria tenebrata (Small
                                Yellow Underwing). HADENINAE. 3, ANARTA myrtilli
                                (Beautiful Yellow Underwing); 4, ANARTA
                                cordigera (Small Dark Yellow Underwing).
                                HELIOTHIDINAE. 8. Heliothis viriplaca (Marbled
                                Clover); 9, Protoschinia scutosa (Spotted
                                Clover); 10, Heliothis peltigera (Bordered
                                Straw); 11, Periphanes delphinii (Pease
                                Blossom); 12, Pyrrhia umbra (Bordered Sallow) .
                                CATOCALINAE. 28, Minucia lunaris (Lunar Double
                                Stripe). From Kirby 42.>

# \i{}Anomis\i0{} <Hbner>/

# \i{}Antitype\i0{} <Hbner>/
      cucull02.jpg <@subject A. chi (Grey Chi) and 8 related genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=667 y=130
                                t=1(a), Blepharita satura (Beautiful Brocade);
                                1(b), Blepharita adusta (Dark Brocade); 2,
                                Polymixis flavicincta (Large Ranunculus); 3,
                                Polymixis xanthomista xanthomista (The
                                Black-banded); 4, Parastichtis suspecta (The
                                Suspected); 5(a)-(c), ANTITYPE chi (Grey Chi);
                                6(a) and (b), Eupsilia transversa (The
                                Satellite); 7(a) and (b), Eumichtis lichenea
                                (Feathered Ranunculus); 8, Jodia croceago
                                (Orange Upper-wing); 9, Conistra vaccinii (The
                                Chestnut); 10, Conistra ligula (Dark Chestnut);
                                11, Conistra rubiginea (Dotted Chestnut); 12,
                                Conistra erythrocephala (Red-headed Chestnut);
                                13(a) and (b), Omphaloscelis lunosa (Lunar
                                Underwing). From Newman (1869).>
      kirby039.jpg <@subject Hadeninae and Cuculliinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=921 y=5
                                t=HADENINAE. 1, Lacanobia thalassina
                                (Pale-shouldered Brocade); 2, Lacanobia suasa
                                (Dog's Tooth); 3, Lacanobia oleracea
                                (Bright-line Brown-eye); 4, Lacanobia w-latinum
                                (Light Brocade); 5, Hada plebeja (Shears); 6,
                                Dicestra trifolii (Nutmeg); 7, Heliophobus
                                reticulata; 8, Hecatera dysodea (Ranunculus
                                Moth); 9, Hecatera bicolorata (Broad-barred
                                White); 10, Hadena caesia; 11, Hadena confusa
                                (Marbled Coronet); 12, Hadena compta; 13, Hadena
                                bicruris (Lychnis); 14, Hadena rivularis
                                (Campion Moth); 15, Hadena perplexa (Tawny
                                Shears); 16, Hadena irregularis; 17, Episema
                                trimacula, cf. E. tersa. CUCULLIINAE. 18,
                                Aporophyla nigra (Black Rustic); 19, Ammoconia
                                caecimacula; 20, Polymixis polymita; 21,
                                Polymixis flavicincta (Large Ranunculus);
                                \i{}22, Antitype chi (Grey Chi)\i0{}. From Kirby
                                39, with names updated.>

# \i{}Apamea\i0{} <Ochsenheimer>/
      apamea01.jpg <@subject The 15 British Apamea species: Newman>
                   <@text x=481 y=7
                                t=1(a) and (b), Apamea monoglypha (Dark Arches);
                                2, A. lithoxylaea (Light Arches); 3, A.
                                sublustris (Reddish Light Arches); 4, A. zeta
                                assimilis (Northern Arches. See supplementary
                                image for A. zeta marmorata); 5, A. furva
                                britannica (The Confused); 6, A. unaminis (Small
                                Clouded Brindle); 7(a) and (b), A. crenata
                                (Clouded-bordered Brindle); 8, A. epomidion
                                (Clouded Brindle); 9, A. oblonga (The Crescent
                                Striped); 10(a) and (b), A. remissa (Dusky
                                Brocade); 11, A. sordens (Rustic Shoulder-knot);
                                12, A. anceps (Large Nutmeg); 13, A.
                                pabulatricula (Union Rustic); 14, A. scolopacina
                                (Slender Brindle); 15, A. ophiogramma (The
                                Double Lobed). From Newman, 1869.>
      apamea03.jpg <@subject Apamea monoglypha (Dark Arches) and A. crenata
                            (Clouded-bordered Brindle: light and melanic
                            (photos)>
                   <@text x=907 y=29
                                t=1-2, Dark Arches (\i{}Apamea monoglypha\i0{});
                                3-4, Clouded-bordered Brindle (\i{}Apamea
                                crenata\i0{}). \par{}\par{}Specimens attracted
                                to light in mixed deciduous woodland and urban
                                habitats near Leek, N. Staffs. Light and melanic
                                individuals of both species were abundant in the
                                decade 1948-1958, in habitats ostensibly
                                "rural", but about 10 and 30 miles miles from
                                the heavily industrial regions of Stoke-on-Trent
                                and Manchester, respectively. Both species seem
                                to reflect drift from pre-existing rural
                                melanism to industrial melanism in polluted
                                environments. From Watsons collection (1953).>
      apamea04.jpg <@subject A. epomidion (Clouded Brindle), A. lithoxylaea
                            (Light Arches), A. sublustris (Reddish Light
                            Arches), A. scolopacina (Slender Brindle), A.
                            sordens (Rustic Shoulder-knot) (photos)>
                   <@text x=478 y=28
                                t=Figs. 1-2, \i{}Apamea sublustris\i0{} (Reddish
                                Light Arches); 3-4, \i{}Apamea lithoxylaea\i0{}
                                (Light Arches); 5-6, \i{}Apamea epomidion\i0{}
                                (Clouded Brindle); 7-8, \i{}Apamea sordens\i0{}
                                (Rustic Shoulder-knot); 9-10, \i{}Apamea
                                scolopacina\i0{} (Slender Brindle).
                                \par{}\par{}1 and 2, Folkestone, Kent (Sept.
                                1914 and Sept. 1908); 3 Wormsley, July 1929 (F.
                                Boddington); 4, Eccleshall Wood, July 1902; 5
                                and 6, Folkestone, June 1908 (R.A. Nichols); 7
                                and 8, Leek, Staffs, June 1953; 9 and 10, Leek
                                (June 1952). From Watson's collection.>
      apamea05.jpg <@subject Apamea remissa (Dusky Brocade) and A. ophiogramma
                            (The Double-lobed), photos)>
                   <@text x=874 y=23
                                t=Figs. 1-7, all tentatively referred to
                                \i{}Apamea remissa\i0{} (formerly \i{}A.
                                gemina\i0{}, Dusky Brocade), including a melanic
                                (Fig. 3); but cf. \i{}A. furva\i0{} and \i{}A.
                                oblonga\i0{}. 8-9, \i{}Apamea ophiogramma\i0{}
                                (Double-lobed). \par{}\par{}1-2 and 4-7,
                                Cheddleton, near Leek, Staffs., June 1952-1957;
                                3, Roaches near Leek, June 1952. 8 and 9,
                                Christchurch, Hants., July 1957. From Watsons
                                collection.>
      apamea02.jpg <@subject Apamea zeta marmorata (The Exile) and A. zeta
                            assimilis (The Northern Arches): Newman>
                   <@text x=8 y=786 w=318 h=182 m
                          t=Apamea zeta marmorata (The Exile), and Apamea zeta
                          assimilis (The Northern Arches)>
      kirbamp2.jpg <@subject Amphipyrinae (Photedes, Stilbia, Apamea,
                            Spodoptera): Kirby>
                   <@text x=36 y=34
                                t=AMPHIPYRINAE. 9, Photedes morrisii bondii
                                (Morris's Wainscot); 10, Stilbia anomala (The
                                Anomalous Moth); 21, \i{}Apamea difflua\i0{}
                                var. \i{}assimilis\i0{} (Northern Arches); 22,
                                \i{}Apamea zeta marmorata\i0{} (The Exile); 23,
                                Spodoptera littoralis (Mediterranean Brocade).
                                From Kirby 52.>
      kirby040.jpg <@subject 6 species, with other Cuculliinae, Amphipyrinae and
                            Noctuinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=917 y=8
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Dryobotodes eremita (Brindled
                                Green); 2, Dichonia aprilina
                                (Merveille-du-Jour); 3, Lamprosticta culta; 4,
                                Meganephria bimaculosa (Double-spot Brocade); 5,
                                Allophyes oxyacanthae (Green-brindled Crescent);
                                6, Valeria oleagina (Green Brindled Dot); 10,
                                Blepharita satura (Beautiful Arches); 11,
                                Eremobia ochroleuca (Dusky Sallow); 22, Hyppa
                                rectilinea (Clouded Brocade); 23, Auchmis
                                detersa. AMPHIPYRINAE. 7, Luperina testacea
                                (Flounced Rustic); 8, Thalophila matura (Straw
                                Underwing); 9, Calamia tridens virens (Burren
                                Green); \i{}12, Apamea lateritia (Scarce
                                Brindle)\i0{}; \i{}13, Apamea monoglypha (Dark
                                Arches)\i0{}; \i{}14, Apamea lithoxylaea (Light
                                Arches)\i0{}; \i{}15, Apamea sordens (Rustic
                                Shoulder-knot)\i0{}; \i{}16, Apamea crenata
                                (Clouded-bordered Brindle)\i0{}; \i{}17, Apamea
                                remissa (Dusky Brocade)\i0{}; 18, Mesapamea
                                secalis (Common Rustic); 19, Oligia strigilis
                                (Marbled Minor); 20, Mesoligia furuncula
                                (Cloaked Minor); 21, Dypterygia scabriuscula
                                (Bird's Wing); 25, Callopistria juventina; 26,
                                Polyphaenis sericata. NOCTUINAE. 24, Actinotia
                                polyodon (Purple Cloud). From Kirby 40, with
                                names updated.>
      step0242.jpg <@subject Apamea oblonga (Crescent Striped)?: Stephens II,
                            1830>

# \i{}Aporophyla\i0{} <Guene>/
      cucull01.jpg <@subject A. australis pascuea (Feathered Brindle), A.
                            lutulenta lutulenta (Deep-brown Dart) and Aporophyla
                            nigra (Black Rustic), with related genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=286 y=231
                                t=1(a) and (b), Cleoceris viminalis (Minor
                                Shoulder-knot); 2, Leucochlaena oditis
                                (Beautiful Gothic); 3(a)-(c), Dryobotodes
                                eremita (Brindled Green); 4(a)-(c), Dasypolia
                                templi (Brindled Ochre); 5, Lithomoia
                                solidaginis (Golden-rod Brindle); 6, Valeria
                                oleagina (Green-brindled Dot); 7(a) and (b),
                                \i{}Aporophyla australis pascuea\i0{} (Feathered
                                Brindle); 8(a) and (b), \i{}Aporophyla lutulenta
                                lutulenta\i0{} (Deep-brown Dart); 9(a) and (b),
                                \i{}Aporophyla nigra\i0{} (Black Rustic); 10(a)
                                and (b), Allophyes oxyacanthae (Green-brindled
                                Crescent); 11, Trigonophora flammea (Flame
                                Brocade); 12(a) and (b), Dichonia aprilina
                                (Merveille-du-jour). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirby039.jpg <@subject A. nigra, with Hadeninae and Cuculliinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=921 y=5
                                t=HADENINAE. 1, Lacanobia thalassina
                                (Pale-shouldered Brocade); 2, Lacanobia suasa
                                (Dog's Tooth); 3, Lacanobia oleracea
                                (Bright-line Brown-eye); 4, Lacanobia w-latinum
                                (Light Brocade); 5, Hada plebeja (Shears); 6,
                                Dicestra trifolii (Nutmeg); 7, Heliophobus
                                reticulata; 8, Hecatera dysodea (Ranunculus
                                Moth); 9, Hecatera bicolorata (Broad-barred
                                White); 10, Hadena caesia; 11, Hadena confusa
                                (Marbled Coronet); 12, Hadena compta; 13, Hadena
                                bicruris (Lychnis); 14, Hadena rivularis
                                (Campion Moth); 15, Hadena perplexa (Tawny
                                Shears); 16, Hadena irregularis; 17, Episema
                                trimacula, cf. E. tersa. CUCULLIINAE. \i{}18,
                                Aporophyla nigra (Black Rustic)\i0{}; 19,
                                Ammoconia caecimacula; 20, Polymixis polymita;
                                21, Polymixis flavicincta (Large Ranunculus);
                                22, Antitype chi (Grey Chi). From Kirby 39, with
                                names updated.>
      step0202.jpg <@subject Aporophyla nigra (Black Rustic): Stephens II, 1830>

# \i{}Archanara\i0{} <Walker>/
      amphip04.jpg <@subject The British species, with 14 related genera:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=334 y=144
                                t=1, Panemeria tenebrata (Small Yellow
                                Underwing); 2, Elaphria venustula (The Rosy
                                Marbled); 3, ARCHANARA geminipuncta
                                (Twin-spotted Wainscot); 4(a) and (b), ARCHANARA
                                dissoluta (Brown-veined Wainscot); 5, ARCHANARA
                                algae ( Reed Wainscot); 6, Oria musculosa
                                (Brighton Wainscot); 7, Rhizedra lutosa (Large
                                Wainscot); 8(a)-(d), Charanyca trigrammica
                                (Treble Lines); 9, Arenostola phragmitidis (Fen
                                Wainscot); 10, Hoplodrina alsines (The
                                Uncertain); 11, Hoplodrina blanda (The Rustic);
                                12, Caradrina morpheus (Mottled Rustic); 13,
                                Caradrina clavipalpis (Pale Mottled Willow);
                                14(a)-(d), Chilodes peltigera (Silky Wainscot);
                                15, Stilbia anomala (The Anomalous); 16,
                                Spodoptera exigua (Small Mottled Willow); 17,
                                Acosmetia caliginosa (The Reddish Buff); 18,
                                Coenobia rufa (Small Rufous); 19, Athetis
                                pallustris (Marsh Moth). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirbamp1.jpg <@subject Amphipyrinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=131 y=7
                                t=AMPHIPYRINAE. 1, Trachea atriplicis (Orache
                                Moth); 2, Euplexia lucipara (Small
                                Angle-shades); 4, Phlogophora meticulosa
                                (Angle-shades); 5, Mormo maura (Old Lady); 8,
                                Amphipoea oculea (Golden Ear); 9, Gortyna
                                flavago (Frosted Orange); 10, \i{}Archanara
                                cannae\i0{} (Reed Wainscot); 11, Nonagria typhae
                                (Bulrush Moth); 12, Diclya 00 (Heart); 13,
                                Cosmia pyralina (Lunar-spotted Pinion); 14,
                                Cosmia diffinis (White-spotted Pinion); 15,
                                Cosmia affinis (Lesser-spotted Pinion); 16,
                                Cosmia trapezina (Dun Bar); 17, Ipimorpha retusa
                                (Double Kidney); 21, Amphipyra tragopogonis
                                (Mouse); 22, Amphipyra pyramidea Copper
                                Underwing). From Kirby 36 and 38.>

# \i{}Arenostola\i0{} <Hampson>/
      amphip04.jpg <@subject A. phragmitidis (Fen Wainscot), and related genera:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=334 y=144
                                t=1, Panemeria tenebrata (Small Yellow
                                Underwing); 2, Elaphria venustula (The Rosy
                                Marbled); 3, Archanara geminipuncta
                                (Twin-spotted Wainscot); 4(a) and (b), Archanara
                                dissoluta (Brown-veined Wainscot); 5, Archanara
                                algae ( Reed Wainscot); 6, Oria musculosa
                                (Brighton Wainscot); 7, Rhizedra lutosa (Large
                                Wainscot); 8(a)-(d), Charanyca trigrammica
                                (Treble Lines); 9, ARENOSTOLA phragmitidis (Fen
                                Wainscot); 10, Hoplodrina alsines (The
                                Uncertain); 11, Hoplodrina blanda (The Rustic);
                                12, Caradrina morpheus (Mottled Rustic); 13,
                                Caradrina clavipalpis (Pale Mottled Willow);
                                14(a)-(d), Chilodes peltigera (Silky Wainscot);
                                15, Stilbia anomala (The Anomalous); 16,
                                Spodoptera exigua (Small Mottled Willow); 17,
                                Acosmetia caliginosa (The Reddish Buff); 18,
                                Coenobia rufa (Small Rufous); 19, Athetis
                                pallustris (Marsh Moth). From Newman, 1869.>

# \i{}Atethmia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      bent084.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae: Atethmia centrago (Centre-barred
                           Sallow: B. Ent. 84)>
      text0841.gif <@subject Atethmia centrago: B. Ent. 84, legend>
      cucull03.jpg <@subject A. centrago (Centre-barred Sallow) and related
                            genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=282 y=108
                                t=1, \i{}Atethmia centrago\i0{} (Centre-barred
                                Sallow); 2, Agrochola circellaris (The Brick);
                                3, Agrochola lota (Red-line Quaker); 4,
                                Agrochola macilenta (Yellow-line Quaker); 5,
                                Agrochola helvola (Flounced Chestnut); 6,
                                Agrochola litura (Brown-spot Pinion); 7(a) and
                                (b), Agrochola lychnidis (Beaded Chestnut); 8,
                                Xanthia citrago (Orange Sallow); 9(a) and (b),
                                Xanthia icteritia (The Sallow); 10, Xanthia
                                togata (Pink-barred Sallow); 11, Xanthia aurago
                                (Barred Sallow); 12, Xanthia gilvago
                                (Dusky-lemon Sallow); 13, Brachionycha
                                nubeculosa (Rannoch Sprawler); 14, Brachionycha
                                sphinx (The Sprawler). From Newman, 1869.>

# \i{}Athetis\i0{} <Hbner>/
      amphip04.jpg <@subject A. pallustris (Marsh Moth), and 14 related genera:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=334 y=144
                                t=1, Panemeria tenebrata (Small Yellow
                                Underwing); 2, Elaphria venustula (The Rosy
                                Marbled); 3, Archanara geminipuncta
                                (Twin-spotted Wainscot); 4(a) and (b), Archanara
                                dissoluta (Brown-veined Wainscot); 5, Archanara
                                algae ( Reed Wainscot); 6, Oria musculosa
                                (Brighton Wainscot); 7, Rhizedra lutosa (Large
                                Wainscot); 8(a)-(d), Charanyca trigrammica
                                (Treble Lines); 9, Arenostola phragmitidis (Fen
                                Wainscot); 10, Hoplodrina alsines (The
                                Uncertain); 11, Hoplodrina blanda (The Rustic);
                                12, Caradrina morpheus (Mottled Rustic); 13,
                                Caradrina clavipalpis (Pale Mottled Willow);
                                14(a)-(d), Chilodes peltigera (Silky Wainscot);
                                15, Stilbia anomala (The Anomalous); 16,
                                Spodoptera exigua (Small Mottled Willow); 17,
                                Acosmetia caliginosa (The Reddish Buff); 18,
                                Coenobia rufa (Small Rufous); 19, ATHETIS
                                pallustris (Marsh Moth). From Newman, 1869.>

# \i{}Autographa\i0{} <Hbner>/
      plusii02.jpg <@subject Autographa gamma (Silver Y), A. jota (Plain Golden
                            Y) and A. pulchrina (Beautiful Golden Y), with other
                            Plusiinae: photos>
                   <@text x=264 y=939
                                t=Figs. 1-2, \i{}Autographa gamma\i0{} (Silver
                                Y); 3-4, \i{}Autographa pulchrina\i0{}
                                (Beautiful Golden Y); 5-6, \i{}Autographa
                                jota\i0{} (Plain Golden Y); 7-8, \i{}Polychrysia
                                moneta\i0{} (Golden Plusia); 9-10,
                                \i{}Diachrysia chrysitis\i0{} (Burnished Brass);
                                11-12, \i{}Plusia festucae\i0{} (Gold Spot).
                                \par{}\par{}1-2, Cheddleton near Leek, Staffs.,
                                Sept. 1952; 3-6 and 9-12, Cheddleton, July 1952.
                                7-8, Leek, July 1951. From Watsons collection.>
      plusii01.jpg <@subject A. gamma (Silver Y), A. jota (Plain Golden Y), A.
                            pulchrina (Beautiful Golden Y) and A. bractea (Gold
                            Spangle), with 5 other Plusiinae: Newman>
                   <@text x=292 y=415
                                t=1, Abrostola trigemina (Dark Spectacle); 2,
                                Abrostola triplasia (The Spectacle, or Light
                                Spectacle); 3, Trichoplusia ni (Ni Moth); 4,
                                Diachrysia chrysitis (Burnished Brass); 5,
                                Diachrysia orichalcea (Scarce Burnished Brass);
                                6, Plusia festucae (Gold Spot); 7, AUTOGRAPHA
                                gamma (Silver Y); 8, AUTOGRAPHA jota (Plain
                                Golden Y); 9, AUTOGRAPHA pulchrina (Beautiful
                                Golden Y); 10, AUTOGRAPHA bractea (Gold
                                Spangle); 11, Syngrapha interrogationis (Scarce
                                Silver Y). From Newman, 1869.>
      dpon054.jpg <@subject Larvae and pupae of A. gamma and Plusia festucae:
                           Duponchel and Gune (1849)>
                  <@text x=214 y=6
                               t=Noctuidae. 1, \i{}Autographa gamma\i0{} (Silver
                               Y). 2, \i{}Plusia festucae\i0{} (Gold Spot).
                               Duponchel and Gune, 1849.>

# \i{}Axylia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      noctui01.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: Axylia putris (The Flame), and related
                            genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=448 y=9
                                t=1, \i{}Actinotia polyodon\i0{} (The Purple
                                Cloud); 2, \i{}AXYLIA putris\i0{} (The Flame);
                                3, \i{}Rhyacia simulans\i0{} (Dotted Rustic); 4,
                                \i{}Eugnorisma glareosa\i0{} (Autumnal Rustic);
                                5, \i{}Paradiarsia\i0{} (\i{}Protolampra\i0{})
                                \i{}sobrina\i0{} (Cousin German); 6,
                                \i{}Lycophotia porphyrea\i0{} (True Lovers'
                                Knot); 7, \i{}Ochropleura praecox\i0{} (Portland
                                Moth); 8, \i{}Ochropleura fennica\i0{}
                                (Eversmanns Rustic); 9, \i{}Eugnorisma
                                depuncta\i0{} (Plain Clay); 10(a) and (b),
                                \i{}Standfussiana lucernea\i0{} (Northern
                                Rustic); 11, \i{}Ochropleura flammatra\i0{} (The
                                Black Collar); 12, \i{}Ochropleura plecta\i0{}
                                (Flame Shoulder); 13, \i{}Eugraphe subrosea\i0{}
                                (Rosy Marsh Moth); 14, \i{}Spaelotis ravida\i0{}
                                (Stout Dart); 15, \i{}Graphiphora augur\i0{}
                                (Double Dart). From Newman (1869).>

# \i{}Bena\i0{} <Billberg>/
      bent575.jpg <@subject Chloephorinae: Bena bicolorana (Scarce Silver
                           Lines: B. Ent. 575)>
      text5751.gif <@subject Bena bicolorana: B. Ent. 575, legend+text>
      text5752.gif <@subject Bena bicolorana: B. Ent. 575, text cont.>
      kirbychl.jpg <@subject B. bicolorana (Scarce Silver-lines) and other
                            Chloephorinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=816 y=914
                                t=21, Earias clorana (Cream-bordered Pea); 22,
                                Pseudoips prasinana prasinana (Green
                                Silver-lines); \i{}23a-c, Bena bicolorana
                                (Scarce Silver-lines)\i0{}. From Kirby 22.>

# \i{}Blepharita\i0{} <Hampson>/
      cucull02.jpg <@subject B. satura (Beautiful Brocade) and B. adusta (Dark
                            Brocade), with related genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=669 y=130
                                t=1(a),BLEPHARITA satura (Beautiful Brocade);
                                1(b), BLEPHARITA adusta (Dark Brocade); 2,
                                Polymixis flavicincta (Large Ranunculus); 3,
                                Polymixis xanthomista xanthomista (The
                                Black-banded); 4, Parastichtis suspecta (The
                                Suspected); 5(a)-(c), Antitype chi (Grey Chi);
                                6(a) and (b), Eupsilia transversa (The
                                Satellite); 7(a) and (b), Eumichtis lichenea
                                (Feathered Ranunculus); 8, Jodia croceago
                                (Orange Upper-wing); 9, Conistra vaccinii (The
                                Chestnut); 10, Conistra ligula (Dark Chestnut);
                                11, Conistra rubiginea (Dotted Chestnut); 12,
                                Conistra erythrocephala (Red-headed Chestnut);
                                13(a) and (b), Omphaloscelis lunosa (Lunar
                                Underwing). From Newman (1869).>
      kirby040.jpg <@subject B. satura (Beautiful Arches), with other
                            Cuculliinae, Amphipyrinae and Noctuinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=917 y=8
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Dryobotodes eremita (Brindled
                                Green); 2, Dichonia aprilina
                                (Merveille-du-Jour); 3, Lamprosticta culta; 4,
                                Meganephria bimaculosa (Double-spot Brocade); 5,
                                Allophyes oxyacanthae (Green-brindled Crescent);
                                6, Valeria oleagina (Green Brindled Dot);
                                \i{}10, Blepharita satura (Beautiful
                                Arches)\i0{}; 11, Eremobia ochroleuca (Dusky
                                Sallow); 22, Hyppa rectilinea (Clouded Brocade);
                                23, Auchmis detersa. AMPHIPYRINAE. 7, Luperina
                                testacea (Flounced Rustic); 8, Thalophila matura
                                (Straw Underwing); 9, Calamia tridens virens
                                (Burren Green); 12, Apamea lateritia (Scarce
                                Brindle); 13, Apamea monoglypha (Dark Arches);
                                14, Apamea lithoxylaea (Light Arches); 15,
                                Apamea sordens (Rustic Shoulder-knot); 16,
                                Apamea crenata (Clouded-bordered Brindle); 17,
                                Apamea remissa (Dusky Brocade); 18, Mesapamea
                                secalis (Common Rustic); 19, Oligia strigilis
                                (Marbled Minor); 20, Mesoligia furuncula
                                (Cloaked Minor); 21, Dypterygia scabriuscula
                                (Bird's Wing); 25, Callopistria juventina; 26,
                                Polyphaenis sericata. NOCTUINAE. 24, Actinotia
                                polyodon (Purple Cloud). From Kirby 40, with
                                names updated.>

# \i{}Brachionycha\i0{} <Hbner>/
      cucull03.jpg <@subject B. nubeculosa (Rannoch Sprawler) and B. sphinx (The
                            Sprawler, with related genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=282 y=108
                                t=1, Atethmia centrago (Centre-barred Sallow);
                                2, Agrochola circellaris (The Brick); 3,
                                Agrochola lota (Red-line Quaker); 4, Agrochola
                                macilenta (Yellow-line Quaker); 5, Agrochola
                                helvola (Flounced Chestnut); 6, Agrochola litura
                                (Brown-spot Pinion); 7(a) and (b), Agrochola
                                lychnidis (Beaded Chestnut); 8, Xanthia citrago
                                (Orange Sallow); 9(a) and (b), Xanthia icteritia
                                (The Sallow); 10, Xanthia togata (Pink-barred
                                Sallow); 11, Xanthia aurago (Barred Sallow); 12,
                                Xanthia gilvago (Dusky-lemon Sallow); 13,
                                \i{}Brachionycha nubeculosa\i0{} (Rannoch
                                Sprawler); 14, \i{}Brachionycha sphinx\i0{} (The
                                Sprawler). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirbcuc1.jpg <@subject B. nebulosa and B. sphinx, with other Cuculliinae:
                            Kirby>
                   <@text x=790 y=204
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Xanthia gilvago (Dusky Lemon
                                Sallow); 2, Jodia croceago (Orange Upper-wing);
                                3, Mecoptera fragariae, = ?; 4, Conistra
                                erythrocephala (Red-headed Chestnut); 5,
                                Orrhodia silene, = ?; 6, Conistra vacciniae
                                (Chestnut); 7, Conistra rubiginea (Dotted
                                Chestnut); 8, Eupsilia transversa (Satellite);
                                10, Lithophane socia (Pale Pinion); 11,
                                Lithophane furcifera; 12, Lithophane ornitopus
                                (Grey Shoulder-knot); 13, Xylena vetusta (Red
                                Sword-Grass); 14, Xylena exsoleta (Sword-Grass);
                                15, Lithomoia solidaginis (Golden-rod Brindle);
                                \i{}17, Brachionycha nebulosa (Rannoch
                                Sprawler)\i0{}; \i{}18, Brachionycha sphinx
                                (Sprawler)\i0{}; 19, Calophasia opalina; 20,
                                Calophasia lunula (Flax Moth). OPHIDERINAE. 9,
                                Scoliopteryx libatrix (Herald). From Kirby 37,
                                with updated names.>

# \i{}Brithys\i0{} <Hbner>/
      kirbhad2.jpg <@subject B. crini (Kew Arches), with Hadena species: Kirby>
                   <@text x=124 y=914
                                t=HADENINAE. 15, \i{}Brithys crini\i0{} (Kew
                                Arches); 18, Hadena perplexa; 19, Hadena luteago
                                luteago (a Mainland European form of the
                                species).>

# \i{}Caenurgina\i0{} <McDunnough>/

# \i{}Calamia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      kirby040.jpg <@subject C. tridens virens (Burren Green) with Cuculliinae,
                            other Amphipyrinae and Noctuinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=917 y=8
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Dryobotodes eremita (Brindled
                                Green); 2, Dichonia aprilina
                                (Merveille-du-Jour); 3, Lamprosticta culta; 4,
                                Meganephria bimaculosa (Double-spot Brocade); 5,
                                Allophyes oxyacanthae (Green-brindled Crescent);
                                6, Valeria oleagina (Green Brindled Dot); 10,
                                Blepharita satura (Beautiful Arches); 11,
                                Eremobia ochroleuca (Dusky Sallow); 22, Hyppa
                                rectilinea (Clouded Brocade); 23, Auchmis
                                detersa. AMPHIPYRINAE. 7, Luperina testacea
                                (Flounced Rustic); 8, Thalophila matura (Straw
                                Underwing); \i{}9, Calamia tridens virens
                                (Burren Green)\i0{}; 12, Apamea lateritia
                                (Scarce Brindle); 13, Apamea monoglypha (Dark
                                Arches); 14, Apamea lithoxylaea (Light Arches);
                                15, Apamea sordens (Rustic Shoulder-knot); 16,
                                Apamea crenata (Clouded-bordered Brindle); 17,
                                Apamea remissa (Dusky Brocade); 18, Mesapamea
                                secalis (Common Rustic); 19, Oligia strigilis
                                (Marbled Minor); 20, Mesoligia furuncula
                                (Cloaked Minor); 21, Dypterygia scabriuscula
                                (Bird's Wing); 25, Callopistria juventina; 26,
                                Polyphaenis sericata. NOCTUINAE. 24, Actinotia
                                polyodon (Purple Cloud). From Kirby 40, with
                                names updated.>

# \i{}Callistege\i0{} <Hbner>/
      catoc02.jpg <@subject C. mi (Mother Shipton), with Catocala promissa,
                           Minucia and Euclidia: Newman>
                  <@text x=689 y=46
                               t=1(a)-(c), Catocala promissa (Light Crimson
                               Underwing); 2(a) and (b), Minucia lunaris (Lunar
                               Double Stripe); 3, \i{}Callistege mi\i0{} (Mother
                               Shipton); 4, Euclidia glyphica (Burnet
                               Companion). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirbycat.jpg <@subject Catocalinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=20 y=864
                                t=CATOCALINAE. 23, \i{}Callistege mi\i0{}
                                (Mother Shipton); 24, Euclidia glyphica (Burnet
                                Companion); 27, Dysgonia algira; 28, Minucia
                                lunaris (Lunar Double Stripe). From Kirby 42.>

# \i{}Callopistria\i0{} <Hbner>/
      kirby040.jpg <@subject C. juventina (The Latin), with Cuculliinae, other
                            Amphipyrinae and Noctuinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=917 y=8
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Dryobotodes eremita (Brindled
                                Green); 2, Dichonia aprilina
                                (Merveille-du-Jour); 3, Lamprosticta culta; 4,
                                Meganephria bimaculosa (Double-spot Brocade); 5,
                                Allophyes oxyacanthae (Green-brindled Crescent);
                                6, Valeria oleagina (Green Brindled Dot); 10,
                                Blepharita satura (Beautiful Arches); 11,
                                Eremobia ochroleuca (Dusky Sallow); 22, Hyppa
                                rectilinea (Clouded Brocade); 23, Auchmis
                                detersa. AMPHIPYRINAE. 7, Luperina testacea
                                (Flounced Rustic); 8, Thalophila matura (Straw
                                Underwing); 9, Calamia tridens virens (Burren
                                Green); 12, Apamea lateritia (Scarce Brindle);
                                13, Apamea monoglypha (Dark Arches); 14, Apamea
                                lithoxylaea (Light Arches); 15, Apamea sordens
                                (Rustic Shoulder-knot); 16, Apamea crenata
                                (Clouded-bordered Brindle); 17, Apamea remissa
                                (Dusky Brocade); 18, Mesapamea secalis (Common
                                Rustic); 19, Oligia strigilis (Marbled Minor);
                                20, Mesoligia furuncula (Cloaked Minor); 21,
                                Dypterygia scabriuscula (Bird's Wing); \i{}25,
                                Callopistria juventina (The Latin)\i0{}; 26,
                                Polyphaenis sericata. NOCTUINAE. 24, Actinotia
                                polyodon (Purple Cloud). From Kirby 40, with
                                names updated.>

# \i{}Calophasia\i0{} <Stephens>/
      cucull05.jpg <@subject C. lunula (Toadflax Brocade) and C. platyptera
                            (Antirrhinum Brocade), with Lithophane and
                            Meganephria: Newman>
                   <@text x=873 y=16
                                t=1, Lithophane semibrunnea (Tawny Pinion); 2,
                                Lithophane hepatica (Pale Pinion); 3, Lithophane
                                ornitopus (Grey Shoulder-knot); 4, Lithophane
                                furcifera (The Conformist); 5(a) and (b),
                                Lithophane lambda (The Nonconformist); 6,
                                Meganephria bimaculosa (Double-spot Brocade); 7,
                                \i{}Calophasia lunula\i0{} (Toadflax Brocade);
                                8, \i{}Calophasia platyptera\i0{} (Antirrhinum
                                Brocade). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirbcuc1.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=790 y=204
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Xanthia gilvago (Dusky Lemon
                                Sallow); 2, Jodia croceago (Orange Upper-wing);
                                3, Mecoptera fragariae, = ?; 4, Conistra
                                erythrocephala (Red-headed Chestnut); 5,
                                Orrhodia silene, = ?; 6, Conistra vacciniae
                                (Chestnut); 7, Conistra rubiginea (Dotted
                                Chestnut); 8, Eupsilia transversa (Satellite);
                                10, Lithophane socia (Pale Pinion); 11,
                                Lithophane furcifera; 12, Lithophane ornitopus
                                (Grey Shoulder-knot); 13, Xylena vetusta (Red
                                Sword-Grass); 14, Xylena exsoleta (Sword-Grass);
                                15, Lithomoia solidaginis (Golden-rod Brindle);
                                17, Brachionycha nebulosa (Rannoch Sprawler);
                                18, Brachionycha sphinx (Sprawler); 19,
                                \i{}Calophasia opalina\i0{}; 20, \i{}Calophasia
                                lunula (Toadflax Brocade)\i0{}. OPHIDERINAE. 9,
                                Scoliopteryx libatrix (Herald). From Kirby 37,
                                with updated names.>
      dpon055.jpg <@subject Larvae and pupae of C. lunula and Periphanes
                           delphinii: Duponchel and Gune (1849)>
                  <@text x=763 y=56
                               t=Noctuidae. 1, \i{}Periphanes delphinii\i0{}
                               (Pease Blossom). 2, \i{}Calophasia lunula\i0{}
                               (Toadflax Brocade). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.>

# \i{}Caradrina\i0{} <Ochsenheimer>/
      amphip04.jpg <@subject C. morpheus (Mottled Rustic) and C. clavipalpis
                            (Pale Mottled Willow), with related genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=334 y=144
                                t=1, Panemeria tenebrata (Small Yellow
                                Underwing); 2, Elaphria venustula (The Rosy
                                Marbled); 3, Archanara geminipuncta
                                (Twin-spotted Wainscot); 4(a) and (b), Archanara
                                dissoluta (Brown-veined Wainscot); 5, Archanara
                                algae ( Reed Wainscot); 6, Oria musculosa
                                (Brighton Wainscot); 7, Rhizedra lutosa (Large
                                Wainscot); 8(a)-(d), Charanyca trigrammica
                                (Treble Lines); 9, Arenostola phragmitidis (Fen
                                Wainscot); 10, Hoplodrina alsines (The
                                Uncertain); 11, Hoplodrina blanda (The Rustic);
                                12, CARADRINA morpheus (Mottled Rustic); 13,
                                CARADRINA clavipalpis (Pale Mottled Willow);
                                14(a)-(d), Chilodes peltigera (Silky Wainscot);
                                15, Stilbia anomala (The Anomalous); 16,
                                Spodoptera exigua (Small Mottled Willow); 17,
                                Acosmetia caliginosa (The Reddish Buff); 18,
                                Coenobia rufa (Small Rufous); 19, Athetis
                                pallustris (Marsh Moth). From Newman, 1869.>

# \i{}Catephia\i0{} <Ochsenheimer>/
      ophid01.jpg <@subject C. alchymista (The Alchymist), with the other
                           Ophiderinae: Newman>
                  <@text x=459 y=867
                               t=1(a)-(c), Tyta luctuosa (The Four-spotted); 2,
                               \i{}Catephia alchymista\i0{} (The Alchymist); 3,
                               Scoliopteryx libatrix (The Herald); 4, Lygephila
                               pastinum (Blackneck); 5, Lygephila craccae
                               (Scarce Blackneck); 6, Phytometra viridaria
                               (Small Purple-barred); 7, Parascotia fuliginaria
                               (Waved Black). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirboph1.jpg <@subject Ophiderinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=870 y=24
                                t=OPHIDERINAE. 1, \i{}Catephia alchymista\i0{}
                                (The Alchymist); 2, Aedia funesta; 9,
                                Scoliopteryx libatrix (The Herald); 14, Tyta
                                luctuosa (The Four-spotted). From Kirby 37 and
                                42.>
      kirby043.jpg <@subject Ophiderinae and Catocalinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=886 y=281
                                t=OPHIDERINAE. 1. \i{}Catephia alchymista\i0{}
                                (The Alchymist); 11 and 12, Lygephila pastinum
                                (The Blackneck); 13, Lygephila craccae (Scarce
                                Blackneck). CATOCALINAE. 2. Catocala fraxinae
                                (Clifden Nonpareil); 4, Catocala nupta (Red
                                Underwing); 5., Catocala sponsa (Dark Crimson
                                Underwing); 6, Catocala promissa (Light Crimson
                                Underwing); 7, Catocala electa (Rosy Underwing).
                                From Kirby 43.>

# \i{}Catocala\i0{} <Schrank>/
      catoc01.jpg <@subject C. fraxini, C. nupta and C. sponsa: Newman>
                  <@text x=93 y=242
                               t=1, Catocala fraxini (Clifden Nonpareil); 2,
                               Catocala nupta (Red Underwing); 3(a) and (b),
                               Catocala sponsa (Dark Crimson Underwing). From
                               Newman, 1869.>
      catoc02.jpg <@subject C. promissa (Light Crimson Underwing), with Minucia,
                           Callistege and Euclidia: Newman>
                  <@text x=689 y=46
                               t=1(a)-(c), \i{}Catocala promissa\i0{} (Light
                               Crimson Underwing); 2(a) and (b), Minucia lunaris
                               (Lunar Double Stripe); 3, Callistege mi (Mother
                               Shipton); 4, Euclidia glyphica (Burnet
                               Companion). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirby043.jpg <@subject Ophiderinae and Catocalinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=886 y=281
                                t=OPHIDERINAE. 1. Catephia alchymista (The
                                Alchymist); 11 and 12, Lygephila pastinum (The
                                Blackneck); 13, Lygephila craccae (Scarce
                                Blackneck). CATOCALINAE. 2. \i{}Catocala
                                fraxinae\i0{} (Clifden Nonpareil); 4,
                                \i{}Catocala nupta\i0{} (Red Underwing); 5.,
                                \i{}Catocala sponsa\i0{} (Dark Crimson
                                Underwing); 6, \i{}Catocala promissa\i0{} (Light
                                Crimson Underwing); 7, \i{}Catocala electa\i0{}
                                (Rosy Underwing). From Kirby 43.>
      bent217.jpg <@subject Catocalinae: Catocala nupta (Red Underwing: B. Ent.
                           217)>
      text2171.gif <@subject Catocalinae: Catocala nupta: B. Ent. 217,
                            legend+text>
      text2172.gif <@subject Catocalinae: Catocala nupta: B. Ent. 217, text
                            cont.>
      nod876.jpg <@subject Catocala nupta (Red Underwing: Shaw and Nodder,
                          1799)>
      nodt876.gif <@subject Catocala nupta (Red Underwing: Shaw and Nodder,
                           text)>
      nod490.jpg <@subject Catocala fraxini (Clifden Nonpareil: Shaw and Nodder,
                          1801)>
      nodt490.gif <@subject Catocala fraxini (Clifden Nonpareil: Shaw and
                           Nodder, text)>
      dpon0081.jpg <@subject Larvae C. fraxini and C. electa: Duponchel and
                            Gune (1849)>
                   <@text x=38 y=42
                                t=Noctuidae. 1, \i{}C. electa\i0{} (Rosy
                                Underwing). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.>

# \i{}Celaena\i0{} <Stephens>/
      amphip03.jpg <@subject C. leucostigma (The Crescent) and C. haworthii
                            (Haworths Minor), with related genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=710 y=87
                                t=1(a) and (b), Photedes captiuncula (Least
                                Minor); 2(a)-(c), Photedes pygmina (Small
                                Wainscot); 3(a) and (b), Photedes minima (Small
                                Dotted Buff); 4, Photedes elymi (The Lyme
                                Grass); 5, Photedes morrisii (Bond's Wainscot);
                                6, Photedes brevilinea (Fenn's Wainscot); 7(a)
                                and (b), Photedes extrema (The Concolorous);
                                8(a) and (b), Photedes fluxa (Mere Wainscot);
                                9(a) and (b), Amphipoea spp. (The Ear -
                                requiring examination of genitalia to
                                distinguish the species); 10, Luperina testacea
                                (Flounced Rustic); 11, Luperina dumerilii
                                (Dumeril's Luperina); 12, Hydraecia micacea
                                (Rosy Rustic); 13, Hydraecia petasitis (The
                                Butterbur); 14, Gortyna flavago (Frosted
                                Orange); 15(a) and (b), CELAENA leucostigma
                                leucostigma (The Crescent) 16, CELAENA haworthii
                                (Haworth's Minor); 17(a) and (b), Nonagria
                                typhae (The Bullrush). From Newman, 1869.>
      bent260.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae: Celaena haworthii (Curtis): Haworth's
                           Minor: B. Ent. 260>
      text2601.gif <@subject Celaena haworthii (B. Ent. 260, legend+text)>
      text2602.gif <@subject Celaena haworthii (B. Ent. 260, text cont.)>

# \i{}Ceramica\i0{} <Guene>/
      haden02.jpg <@subject C. pisi (The Broom Moth), and related genera:
                           Newman>
                  <@text x=290 y=117
                               t=1, Lacanobia contigua (Beautiful Brocade); 2,
                               Lacanobia w-latinum (Light Brocade); 3, Lacanobia
                               oleracea (Bright-line Brown-eye); 4(a)-(c),
                               Lacanobia thalassina (Pale-shouldered Brocade);
                               5, Lacanobia suasa (The Dog's Tooth); 6,
                               Lacanobia blenna (The Stranger); 7(a)-(c),
                               Lacanobia biren (Brindled Green); 8, CERAMICA
                               pisi (The Broom Moth); 9, Cerapteryx graminis
                               (The Antler Moth); 10, Hecatera dysodea (Small
                               Ranunculus); 11, Hecatera bicolorata
                               (Broad-barred White); 12, Tholera cespitis (Hedge
                               Rustic); 13, Tholera decimalis (Feathered
                               Gothic).>
      kirby035.jpg <@subject Noctuinae and Hadeninae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=450 y=333
                                t=NOCTUINAE. 1,Rhacia simulans (True Lover's
                                Knot); 2, Acylia putris (Flame); 3, Agrotis
                                exclamationis (Heart and Dart); 4, Euxoa tritica
                                (White Line Dart); 5, Agrotis ipsilon (Dark
                                Sword-grass); 6, Agrotis segetum (Common Dart,
                                or Turnip Moth); 7, Agrotis vestigialis
                                (Archer's Dart); 8, Ochropleura praecox
                                (Portland Moth); 9, Anaplectoides prasina (Green
                                Arches); 10, Eurois occulta (Great Brocade).
                                HADENINAE. 11, Cerapteryx graminis (Antler
                                Moth); 12, Tholera decimalis (Feathered Gothic);
                                13, Pacheta sagittigera (Feathered Ear); 14,
                                Polia bombycina (Pale Shinibg Brown); 15, Polia
                                trimaculosa (Silvery Arches); 16, Polia nebulosa
                                (Grey Arches); 17, Lacanobia contigua (Beautiful
                                Brocade); 18, \i{}Ceramica pisi\i0{} (Broom
                                Moth); 19, Mamestra brassicae (Cabbage Moth);
                                20, Melanchra persicariae (Dot). From Kirby 35.>

# \i{}Cerapteryx\i0{} <Curtis>/
      bent451.jpg <@subject Hadeninae: Cerapteryx graminis Linn. ab. hibernicus
                           Curtis (Original generic description. Antler: B. Ent.
                           451)>
      text451.gif <@subject Cerapteryx graminis Linn. ab. hibernicus Curtis (B.
                           Ent. 451, legend+text)>
      text4511.gif <@subject Cerapteryx graminis Linn. ab. hibernicus Curtis (B.
                            Ent. 451, text cont.)>
      haden02.jpg <@subject C. graminis (The Antler Moth), and related genera:
                           Newman>
                  <@text x=277 y=108
                               t=1, Lacanobia contigua (Beautiful Brocade); 2,
                               Lacanobia w-latinum (Light Brocade); 3, Lacanobia
                               oleracea (Bright-line Brown-eye); 4(a)-(c),
                               Lacanobia thalassina (Pale-shouldered Brocade);
                               5, Lacanobia suasa (The Dog's Tooth); 6,
                               Lacanobia blenna (The Stranger); 7(a)-(c),
                               Lacanobia biren (Brindled Green); 8, Ceramica
                               pisi (The Broom Moth); 9, CERAPTERYX graminis
                               (The Antler Moth); 10, Hecatera dysodea (Small
                               Ranunculus); 11, Hecatera bicolorata
                               (Broad-barred White); 12, Tholera cespitis (Hedge
                               Rustic); 13, Tholera decimalis (Feathered
                               Gothic).>
      kirby035.jpg <@subject Noctuinae and Hadeninae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=450 y=333
                                t=NOCTUINAE. 1,Rhacia simulans (True Lover's
                                Knot); 2, Acylia putris (Flame); 3, Agrotis
                                exclamationis (Heart and Dart); 4, Euxoa tritica
                                (White Line Dart); 5, Agrotis ipsilon (Dark
                                Sword-grass); 6, Agrotis segetum (Common Dart,
                                or Turnip Moth); 7, Agrotis vestigialis
                                (Archer's Dart); 8, Ochropleura praecox
                                (Portland Moth); 9, Anaplectoides prasina (Green
                                Arches); 10, Eurois occulta (Great Brocade).
                                HADENINAE. 11, \i{}Cerapteryx graminis\i0{}
                                (Antler Moth); 12, Tholera decimalis (Feathered
                                Gothic); 13, Pacheta sagittigera (Feathered
                                Ear); 14, Polia bombycina (Pale Shinibg Brown);
                                15, Polia trimaculosa (Silvery Arches); 16,
                                Polia nebulosa (Grey Arches); 17, Lacanobia
                                contigua (Beautiful Brocade); 18, Ceramica pisi
                                (Broom Moth); 19, Mamestra brassicae (Cabbage
                                Moth); 20, Melanchra persicariae (Dot). From
                                Kirby 35.>

# \i{}Cerastis\i0{} <Ochsenheimer>/
      xestia01.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: C. leucographa (The White-marked) and C.
                            rubicosa (The Red Chestnut), with Xestia spp.:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=628 y=113
                                t=XESTIA. 1, X. alpicola alpicola (Mountain
                                Rustic); 2, X. triangulum (Double-spotted Square
                                Spot); 3, X. rhomboidea (Square-spotted Clay);
                                4, X. sexstrigata (Six-striped Rustic); 5(a) and
                                (b), X. agathina (Heath Rustic); 6, X. c-nigrum
                                (Setaceous Hebrew Character); 7(a) and (b), X.
                                ashworthii (Ashworth's Rustic); 8, X.
                                xanthographa (Square-spot Rustic); 9, X.
                                ditrapezium (Triple-spotted Clay); 10, X. baja
                                (Dotted Clay); 11(a) and (b), X. castanea (Grey
                                or Neglected Rustic). CERASTIS. 12, C.
                                leucographa (The White-marked); 13, C. rubicosa
                                (Red Chestnut). From Newman, 1869.>

# \i{}Charadra\i0{} <Walker>/
      panth01.jpg <@subject C. deridens (Marbled Tuffett), with other
                           Pantheinae: Swain>
                  <@text x=462 y=222
                               t=1(a) and (b), Colocasia coryli (Nut-tree
                               Tussock); 2*, \i{}Charadra deridens\i0{} (Marbled
                               Tuffett); 3*, Raphia frater. Swain, 1961.>

# \i{}Charanyca\i0{} <Billberg>/
      bent651.jpg <@subject Charanyca trigrammica (Dark Treble Lines): B. Ent.
                           651>
      text6511.gif <@subject Charanyca trigrammica: B. Ent. 651, legend+text>
      text6512.gif <@subject Charanyca trigrammica: B. Ent. 651, text cont.>
      amphip04.jpg <@subject C. trigrammica (Treble Lines), and related genera:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=334 y=144
                                t=1, Panemeria tenebrata (Small Yellow
                                Underwing); 2, Elaphria venustula (The Rosy
                                Marbled); 3, Archanara geminipuncta
                                (Twin-spotted Wainscot); 4(a) and (b), Archanara
                                dissoluta (Brown-veined Wainscot); 5, Archanara
                                algae ( Reed Wainscot); 6, Oria musculosa
                                (Brighton Wainscot); 7, Rhizedra lutosa (Large
                                Wainscot); 8(a)-(d), CHARANYCA trigrammica
                                (Treble Lines); 9, Arenostola phragmitidis (Fen
                                Wainscot); 10, Hoplodrina alsines (The
                                Uncertain); 11, Hoplodrina blanda (The Rustic);
                                12, Caradrina morpheus (Mottled Rustic); 13,
                                Caradrina clavipalpis (Pale Mottled Willow);
                                14(a)-(d), Chilodes peltigera (Silky Wainscot);
                                15, Stilbia anomala (The Anomalous); 16,
                                Spodoptera exigua (Small Mottled Willow); 17,
                                Acosmetia caliginosa (The Reddish Buff); 18,
                                Coenobia rufa (Small Rufous); 19, Athetis
                                pallustris (Marsh Moth). From Newman, 1869.>

# \i{}Chilodes\i0{} <Herrich-Schffer>/
      amphip04.jpg <@subject C. peltigera (Silky Wainscot), and related genera:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=334 y=144
                                t=1, Panemeria tenebrata (Small Yellow
                                Underwing); 2, Elaphria venustula (The Rosy
                                Marbled); 3, Archanara geminipuncta
                                (Twin-spotted Wainscot); 4(a) and (b), Archanara
                                dissoluta (Brown-veined Wainscot); 5, Archanara
                                algae ( Reed Wainscot); 6, Oria musculosa
                                (Brighton Wainscot); 7, Rhizedra lutosa (Large
                                Wainscot); 8(a)-(d), Charanyca trigrammica
                                (Treble Lines); 9, Arenostola phragmitidis (Fen
                                Wainscot); 10, Hoplodrina alsines (The
                                Uncertain); 11, Hoplodrina blanda (The Rustic);
                                12, Caradrina morpheus (Mottled Rustic); 13,
                                Caradrina clavipalpis (Pale Mottled Willow);
                                14(a)-(d), CHILODES peltigera (Silky Wainscot);
                                15, Stilbia anomala (The Anomalous); 16,
                                Spodoptera exigua (Small Mottled Willow); 17,
                                Acosmetia caliginosa (The Reddish Buff); 18,
                                Coenobia rufa (Small Rufous); 19, Athetis
                                pallustris (Marsh Moth). From Newman, 1869.>

# \i{}Chrysodeixis\i0{} <Hbner>/
      plusadv.jpg <@subject C. acuta (Tunbridge Wells Gem), with other adventive
                           or casual Plusiinae: Swain>
                  <@text x=478 y=209
                               t=1, Syngrapha interrogationis (Scarce Silver Y);
                               2, \i{}Chrysodeixis chalcites\i0{} (Golden Twin
                               Spot); 3, \i{}Chrysodeixis acuta\i0{} (Tunbridge
                               Wells Gem); 4, Ctenoplusia limbirana (Scar Bank
                               Gem); 5, Macdunnoughia confusa (Dewick's Plusia);
                               6, Euchalcia variabilis (Purple-shaded Gem); 7,
                               Diachrysia orichalcea (Slender Burnished Brass).
                               Swain, 1961.>

# \i{}Cleoceris\i0{} <Duponchel>/
      bravim01.jpg <@subject Cleoceris viminalis (Brachylomia viminalis), Minor
                            Shoulder-knot (photos)>
                   <@text x=420 y=14
                                t=\i{}Cleoceris\i0{} (= \i{}Brachylomia\i0{})
                                \i{}viminalis\i0{} (Minor Shoulder-knot), male
                                (above) and female. \par{}\par{}Woodwalton Fen,
                                July 1956. From Watsons collection.>
      cucull01.jpg <@subject C. viminalis (Minor Shoulder-knot), and related
                            genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=286 y=231
                                t=1(a) and (b), \i{}Cleoceris viminalis\i0{}
                                (Minor Shoulder-knot); 2, Leucochlaena oditis
                                (Beautiful Gothic); 3(a)-(c), Dryobotodes
                                eremita (Brindled Green); 4(a)-(c), Dasypolia
                                templi (Brindled Ochre); 5, Lithomoia
                                solidaginis (Golden-rod Brindle); 6, Valeria
                                oleagina (Green-brindled Dot); 7(a) and (b),
                                Aporophyla australis pascuea (Feathered
                                Brindle); 8(a) and (b), Aporophyla lutulenta
                                lutulenta (Deep-brown Dart); 9(a) and (b),
                                Aporophyla nigra (Black Rustic); 10(a) and (b),
                                Allophyes oxyacanthae (Green-brindled Crescent);
                                11, Trigonophora flammea (Flame Brocade); 12(a)
                                and (b), Dichonia aprilina (Merveille-du-jour).
                                From Newman, 1869.>

# \i{}Clytie\i0{} <Hbner>/
      hubclyt.jpg <@subject Clytie illunaris (Trent Double-stripe): Hbner 1813>
                  <@text x=54 y=859
                               t=Noctuidae. 565 (female) and 574 (male): \i{}Clytie
                               illunaris\i0{} (Hubner), The Trent Double-stripe. 868,
                               seemingly a melanic form of the female. From
                               Hubner, Plates 122, 124 and 182. >

# \i{}Coenobia\i0{} <Stephens>/
      amphip04.jpg <@subject C. ruga (Small rufous), and related genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=334 y=144
                                t=1, Panemeria tenebrata (Small Yellow
                                Underwing); 2, Elaphria venustula (The Rosy
                                Marbled); 3, Archanara geminipuncta
                                (Twin-spotted Wainscot); 4(a) and (b), Archanara
                                dissoluta (Brown-veined Wainscot); 5, Archanara
                                algae ( Reed Wainscot); 6, Oria musculosa
                                (Brighton Wainscot); 7, Rhizedra lutosa (Large
                                Wainscot); 8(a)-(d), Charanyca trigrammica
                                (Treble Lines); 9, Arenostola phragmitidis (Fen
                                Wainscot); 10, Hoplodrina alsines (The
                                Uncertain); 11, Hoplodrina blanda (The Rustic);
                                12, Caradrina morpheus (Mottled Rustic); 13,
                                Caradrina clavipalpis (Pale Mottled Willow);
                                14(a)-(d), Chilodes peltigera (Silky Wainscot);
                                15, Stilbia anomala (The Anomalous); 16,
                                Spodoptera exigua (Small Mottled Willow); 17,
                                Acosmetia caliginosa (The Reddish Buff); 18,
                                COENOBIA rufa (Small Rufous); 19, Athetis
                                pallustris (Marsh Moth). From Newman, 1869.>

# \i{}Colobochyla\i0{} <Hbner>/
      leech011.jpg <@subject C. salicalis (Lesser Belle), with Herminiinae,
                            Hypeninae and Rivulinae: Leech, 1886>
                   <@text x=469 y=30
                                t=NOCTUIDAE-RIVULINAE. 1. \b{}Colobochyla
                                salicalis\b0{} (Lesser Belle). 9, \i{}Rivula
                                sericealis\i0{}(Straw Dot). HYPENINAE. 2,
                                \i{}Hypena proboscidalis\i0{} (Snout); 3,
                                \i{}Hypena rostralis\i0{} (Buttoned Snout); 4,
                                \i{}Hypena crassalis\i0{} (Beautiful Snout. 4,
                                \i{}Schrankia taenialis\i0{} (White-line Snout);
                                6, \i{}Schrankia costaestrigalis\i0{}
                                (Pinion-streaked Snout). 7, \i{}Hypenodes
                                humidalis\i0{} (Marsh Oblique-barred).
                                HERMINIINAE. 8, \i{}Trisateles emortualis\i0{}
                                (Olive Crescent). 10, \i{}Paracolax
                                tristalis\i0{} (Clay Fan-foot). 11,
                                \i{}Pechipogo strigulata\i0{} (Common Fan-foot).
                                12, \i{}Zanclognatha tarsipennalis\i0{} (The
                                Fan-foot). Leech, 1886.>
      ophid02.jpg <@subject Ophiderinae and Rivulinae: Swain>
                  <@text x=429 y=133
                               t=1, Tyta luctuosa (The Four-spotted); 2*,
                               Tathorhynchus exsiccata (Levant Blackneck:
                               Amphipyrinae); 3, Lygephila pastinum (Blackneck);
                               4, Lygephila cracca (Scarce Blackneck); 5,
                               \i{}Colobochyla salicalis\i0{} (Lesser Belle); 6,
                               Rivula sericealis (Straw Dot); 7, Scoliopteryx
                               libatrix (Herald); 8, Phytometra viridaria (Small
                               Purple-barred); 9, Parascotia fuliginaria (Waved
                               Black); 10, Laspeyria flexula (Beautiful
                               Hook-tip). Swain, 1961.>

# \i{}Colocasia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      kirbypan.jpg <@subject Pantheinae (Colocasia coryli (Nut-tree Tussock):
                            Kirby>
      panth01.jpg <@subject C. coryli (Nut-tree Tussock), with other Pantheinae:
                           Swain>
                  <@text x=462 y=222
                               t=1(a) and (b), \i{}Colocasia coryli\i0{}
                               (Nut-tree Tussock); 2*, Charadra deridens
                               (Marbled Tuffett); 3*, Raphia frater. Swain,
                               1961.>

# \i{}Conistra\i0{} <Hbner>/
      cucull02.jpg <@subject 4 British Chestnut species, with related genera:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=667 y=130
                                t=1(a), Blepharita satura (Beautiful Brocade);
                                1(b), Blepharita adusta (Dark Brocade); 2,
                                Polymixis flavicincta (Large Ranunculus); 3,
                                Polymixis xanthomista xanthomista (The
                                Black-banded); 4, Parastichtis suspecta (The
                                Suspected); 5(a)-(c), Antitype chi (Grey Chi);
                                6(a) and (b), Eupsilia transversa (The
                                Satellite); 7(a) and (b), Eumichtis lichenea
                                (Feathered Ranunculus); 8, Jodia croceago
                                (Orange Upper-wing); 9, CONISTRA vaccinii (The
                                Chestnut); 10, CONISTRA ligula (Dark Chestnut);
                                11, CONISTRA rubiginea (Dotted Chestnut); 12,
                                CONISTRA erythrocephala (Red-headed Chestnut);
                                13(a) and (b), Omphaloscelis lunosa (Lunar
                                Underwing). From Newman (1869).>
      bent268.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae: Conistra ligula ab. subnigra (Dark
                           Chestnut: B. Ent. 268)>
      text2681.gif <@subject Conistra ligula ab. subnigra: B. Ent. 268,
                            legend+text>
      text2682.gif <@subject Conistra ligula ab. subnigra: B. Ent. 268, text
                            cont.>
      kirbcuc1.jpg <@subject C. vaccinii, C. erythrocephala and C. rubiginea,
                            with other Cuculliinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=790 y=204
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Xanthia gilvago (Dusky Lemon
                                Sallow); 2, Jodia croceago (Orange Upper-wing);
                                3, Mecoptera fragariae, = ?; 4, \i{}Conistra
                                erythrocephala (Red-headed Chestnut)\i0{}; 5,
                                Orrhodia silene, = ?; \i{}6, Conistra
                                vacciniae (Chestnut)\i0{}; \i{}7, Conistra
                                rubiginea (Dotted Chestnut)\i0{}; 8, Eupsilia
                                transversa (Satellite); 10, Lithophane socia
                                (Pale Pinion); 11, Lithophane furcifera; 12,
                                Lithophane ornitopus (Grey Shoulder-knot); 13,
                                Xylena vetusta (Red Sword-Grass); 14, Xylena
                                exsoleta (Sword-Grass); 15, Lithomoia
                                solidaginis (Golden-rod Brindle); 17,
                                Brachionycha nebulosa (Rannoch Sprawler); 18,
                                Brachionycha sphinx (Sprawler); 19, Calophasia
                                opalina; 20, Calophasia lunula (Toadflax
                                Brocade). OPHIDERINAE. 9, Scoliopteryx libatrix
                                (Herald). From Kirby 37, with updated names.>
      dpon052.jpg <@subject Larvae and pupae of C. rubiginea, Jodia crocago,
                           Agrochola lychnidis: Duponchel and Gune (1849)>
                  <@text x=748 y=834
                               t=Noctuidae. 1, \i{}Jodia croceago\i0{} (Orange
                               Upperwing). 2, \i{}Conistra rubiginea\i0{}
                               (Dotted Chestnut). 3, \i{}Agrochola
                               lychnidis\i0{} (Beaded Chestnut). Duponchel and
                               Gune, 1849.>
      dpon053.jpg <@subject Larvae of C. vaccinii: Duponchel and Gune (1849)>
                  <@text x=817 y=258
                               t=Noctuidae. \i{}Conistra vaccinii\i0{}
                               (Chestnut; 1 being labelled in the original
                               \i{}Conistra spadicea\i0{}, now regarded as a
                               synonym of \i{}C. vaccinii\i0{}). Duponchel and
                               Gune, 1849.>

# \i{}Cosmia\i0{} <Ochsenheimer>/
      amphip02.jpg <@subject The British 5 species, with related genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=281 y=250
                                t=1, Enargia paleacea (Angle-striped Sallow); 2,
                                Parastichtis ypsillon (The Dismal, Dingy
                                Shears); 3, Dicycla oo (The Heart Moth); 4,
                                Mesoligia literosa (Rosy Minor); 5,(a)-(c),
                                Mesoligia furuncula (Cloaked Minor); 6, Eremobia
                                ochroleuca (Dusky Sallow); 7(a)-(c), \i{}Cosmia
                                trapezina\i0{} (The Dun-bar); 8, \i{}Cosmia
                                affinis\i0{} (Lesser-spotted Pinion); 9,
                                \i{}Cosmia pyralina\i0{} (Lunar-spotted Pinion);
                                10, \i{}Cosmia diffinis\i0{} (White-spotted
                                Pinion); 11, Hyppa rectilinea (The Saxon);
                                12(a)-(d), Oligia strigilis (Marbled Minor); 13,
                                Oligia fasciuncula (Middle-barred Minor);
                                14(a)-(e), Mesapamea secalis (Common Rustic).
                                From Newman, 1869.>
      kirbamp1.jpg <@subject Amphipyrinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=131 y=7
                                t=AMPHIPYRINAE. 1, Trachea atriplicis (Orache
                                Moth); 2, Euplexia lucipara (Small
                                Angle-shades); 4, Phlogophora meticulosa
                                (Angle-shades); 5, Mormo maura (Old Lady); 8,
                                Amphipoea oculea (Golden Ear); 9, Gortyna
                                flavago (Frosted Orange); 10, Archanara cannae
                                (Reed Wainscot); 11, Nonagria typhae (Bulrush
                                Moth); 12, Diclya 00 (Heart); 13, \i{}Cosmia
                                pyralina\i0{} (Lunar-spotted Pinion); 14,
                                \i{}Cosmia diffinis\i0{} (White-spotted Pinion);
                                15, \i{}Cosmia affinis\i0{} (Lesser-spotted
                                Pinion); 16, \i{}Cosmia trapezina\i0{} (Dun
                                Bar); 17, Ipimorpha retusa (Double Kidney); 21,
                                Amphipyra tragopogonis (Mouse); 22, Amphipyra
                                pyramidea Copper Underwing). From Kirby 36 and
                                38.>

# \i{}Craniophora\i0{} <Snellen>/
      newmacr1.jpg <@subject C. ligustri (The Coronet), with other Acronictinae:
                            Newman (1869)>
                   <@text x=614 y=128
                                t=1, Moma alpium (Scarce Merveille-du-jour); 2,
                                Acronicta megacephala (Poplar Grey); 3, ta
                                aceris (The Sycamore: 1b representing a dark
                                var.); 4, Acronicta leporina (The Miller); 5,
                                Acronicta alni (The Alder); 6, Acronicta tridens
                                (Dark Dagger, 6a representing the typical form);
                                7, Acronicta psi (Grey Dagger); 8, Acronicta
                                strigosa (Marsh Dagger); 9, Acronicata
                                menyanthidis (Light Knot-Grass, a and b
                                representing the typical form); 10, Acronicta
                                auricoma (Scarce Dagger); 11, Acronicta
                                euphorbiae myricae (Sweet Gale Moth); 12,
                                Acronicta rumicis (The Knot-Grass); 13, Simyra
                                albovenosa (Powdered Wainscot); 14,
                                \i{}Craniophora ligustri\i0{} (The Coronet); 15,
                                Cryphia algae (Tree-lichen Beauty); 16, Cryphia
                                domestica (Marbled beauty); 17, Cryphia muralis
                                (Marbled Green).>

# \i{}Cryphia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      newmacr1.jpg <@subject C. algae (Tree-lichen Beauty), C. domestica
                            (Marbled beauty) and C. muralis (Marbled Green),
                            with other Acronictinae: Newman (1869)>
                   <@text x=614 y=128
                                t=1, Moma alpium (Scarce Merveille-du-jour); 2,
                                Acronicta megacephala (Poplar Grey); 3,
                                Acronicta aceris (The Sycamore: 1b representing
                                a dark var.); 4, Acronicta leporina (The
                                Miller); 5, Acronicta alni (The Alder); 6,
                                Acronicta tridens (Dark Dagger, 6a representing
                                the typical form); 7, Acronicta psi (Grey
                                Dagger); 8, Acronicta strigosa (Marsh Dagger);
                                9, Acronicata menyanthidis (Light Knot-Grass, a
                                and b representing the typical form); 10,
                                Acronicta auricoma (Scarce Dagger); 11,
                                Acronicta euphorbiae myricae (Sweet Gale Moth);
                                12, Acronicta rumicis (The Knot-Grass); 13,
                                Simyra albovenosa (Powdered Wainscot); 14,
                                Craniophora ligustri (The Coronet); 15,
                                \i{}Cryphia algae\i0{} (Tree-lichen Beauty); 16,
                                Cryphia domestica (Marbled beauty); 17,
                                \i{}Cryphia muralis\i0{} (Marbled Green).>
      kirbacr2.jpg <@subject Acronictinae (Cryphia): Kirby>
                   <@text x=254 y=886
                                t=ACRONICTINAE. 1, Cryphia raptricula; 2,
                                Cryphia algae (Tree-lichen Beauty); 3, Cryphia
                                muralis (Marbled Green); 4; Cryphia domestica (=
                                perla: Marbled Beauty); 5, Moma alpium (Scarce
                                Merveille du Jour). From Kirby 34.>

# \i{}Ctenoplusia\i0{} <Dufay>/
      plusadv.jpg <@subject C. limbirana (Scar Bank Gem), with other adventive
                           or casual Plusiinae: Swain>
                  <@text x=478 y=209
                               t=1, Syngrapha interrogationis (Scarce Silver Y);
                               2, Chrysodeixis chalcites (Golden Twin Spot); 3,
                               Chrysodeixis acuta (Tunbridge Wells Gem); 4,
                               \i{}Ctenoplusia limbirana\i0{} (Scar Bank Gem);
                               5, Macdunnoughia confusa (Dewick's Plusia); 6,
                               Euchalcia variabilis (Purple-shaded Gem); 7,
                               Diachrysia orichalcea (Slender Burnished Brass).
                               Swain, 1961.>

# \i{}Cucullia\i0{} <Schrank>/
      cucull04.jpg <@subject 8 British Shark species, with Xylena and Xylocampa:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=857 y=319
                                t=1, \i{}Cucullia absinthii\i0{} (Wormwood
                                Shark); 2, \i{}Cucullia chamomillae\i0{}
                                (Chamomile Shark); 3, \i{}Cucullia
                                umbratica\i0{} (The Shark); 4, \i{}Cucullia
                                asteri\i0{}s (Star-wort Shark); 5, \i{}Cucullia
                                lychnitis\i0{} (Striped Lychnis Shark); 6,
                                \i{}Cucullia gnaphalii\i0{} occidentalis
                                (Cudweed Shark); 7, \i{}Cucullia
                                scrophulariae\i0{} (Water Betony Shark); 8,
                                \i{}Cucullia verbasci\i0{} (Mullein Shark); 9,
                                Xylena vetusta (Red Sword-grass); 10, Xylena
                                exsoleta (The Sword-grass); 11, Xylocampa areola
                                (Early Grey). From Newman, 1869.>
      bent045.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae: Cucullia asteris (Star-wort Shark: B.
                           Ent. 45)>
      text0451.gif <@subject Cucullia asteris: B. Ent. 45, legend>
      kirby041.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae and Plusiinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=839 y=430
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Cucullia verbasci (Mullein
                                Shark); 2, Cucullia asteris (Starwort Shark); 3
                                and 5, Cucullia umbratica (Shark); 4, Cucullia
                                lactucae (Lettuce Shark); 5, Cucullia umbratica
                                (Shark); 6, Cucullia chamomillae (Chamomile
                                Shark); 7, Cucullia artemisiae (Scarce Wormwood
                                Shark); 8, Cucullia absinthii (Wormwood Shark);
                                9, Cucullia argentea (Green Silver-spangle); 10,
                                Eutelia adulatrix; 11, Allophyes oxyacanthae ab.
                                capucina (Green-brindled Crescent, var.); 12,
                                Eucarta amethystina . PLUSIINAE. 13, Abrostola
                                trigemina (Dark Spectacle); 14, Abrostola
                                triplasia (Spectacle); 15, Lamprotes c-aureum;
                                16, Polychrysia moneta (Golden Plusia); 17,
                                Euchalia consona; 18, Euchalcia modestoides; 19,
                                Diachrysia chrysitis (Burnished Brass); 20,
                                Autographa bractea (Gold Spangle); 21, Plusia
                                festucae (Gold Spot); 22, Autographa jota (Plain
                                Golden Y); 23, Autographa gamma (Silver Y); 24,
                                Syngrapha interrogationis (Scarce Silver Y); 25,
                                Syngrapha ain; 26, Syngrapha hochenwarthi. From
                                Kirby 41.>
      dpon056.jpg <@subject Larvae of C. scrophulariae, C. lychnitis, C.
                           umbratica: Duponchel and Gune (1849)>
                  <@text x=625 y=95
                               t=Noctuidae. 1, \i{}C. scrophulariae\i0{} (Water
                               Betony). 2, \i{}C. lychnitis\i0{} (Striped
                               Lychnis). 3, \i{}Cucullia umbratica\i0{} (The
                               Shark) Duponchel and Gune, 1849.>

# \i{}Dasypolia\i0{} <Guene>/
      templi01.jpg <@subject Dasypolia templi (Brindled Ochre): photo>
                   <@text x=31 y=928
                                t=\i{}Dasypolia templi\i0{} (Brindled Ochre).
                                \par{}\par{}Above: Buxton, Derbys., 20th
                                November 1949. Below: Waterhouses, nr. Leek,
                                Staffs., November 1957. Both specimens found on
                                dry-stone walls in moorland. From Watson's
                                collection.>
      cucull01.jpg <@subject D. templi (Brindled Ochre), and related genera:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=286 y=231
                                t=1(a) and (b), Cleoceris viminalis (Minor
                                Shoulder-knot); 2, Leucochlaena oditis
                                (Beautiful Gothic); 3(a)-(c), Dryobotodes
                                eremita (Brindled Green); 4(a)-(c),
                                \i{}Dasypolia templi\i0{} (Brindled Ochre); 5,
                                Lithomoia solidaginis (Golden-rod Brindle); 6,
                                Valeria oleagina (Green-brindled Dot); 7(a) and
                                (b), Aporophyla australis pascuea (Feathered
                                Brindle); 8(a) and (b), Aporophyla lutulenta
                                lutulenta (Deep-brown Dart); 9(a) and (b),
                                Aporophyla nigra (Black Rustic); 10(a) and (b),
                                Allophyes oxyacanthae (Green-brindled Crescent);
                                11, Trigonophora flammea (Flame Brocade); 12(a)
                                and (b), Dichonia aprilina (Merveille-du-jour).
                                From Newman, 1869.>
      kirbcuc2.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae (Dasypolia templi): Kirby>
                   <@text x=535 y=50 w=405 h=164 m
                          t=Dasypolia templi (Brindled Ochre)>

# \i{}Deltote\i0{} <R.L.>/
      heliot01.jpg <@subject D. bankiana (Silver-barred), with other Acontiinae
                            and Heliothidinae: Newman>
                   <@text x=287 y=605
                                t=HELIOTHIDINAE. 1, Pyrrhia umbra (Bordered
                                Sallow); 2, Helicoverpa armigera (Scarce
                                Bordered Straw); 3, Heliothis viriplaca (Marbled
                                Clover); 4, Heliothis peltigera (Bordered
                                Straw). ACONTIINAE. 5, Lithacodia pygarga
                                (Marbled White Spot); 6, Eustrotia uncula
                                (Silver Hook); 7, Eublemma ostrina (Purple
                                Marbled); 8, Eublemma parva (Small Marbled); 9,
                                Acontia lucida (Pale Shoulder); 10, \i{}Deltote
                                bankiana\i0{} (Silver-Barred); 11, Emmelia
                                trabealis (Spotted Sulphur). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirby042.jpg <@subject Acontiinae, Amphipyrinae, Hadeninae and
                            Heliothidinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=897 y=169
                                t=ACONTIINAE. 13, Acontia lucida (Pale
                                Shoulder); 17, Eublemma minutata (Scarce
                                Marbled); 18, DELTOTE bankiana (Silver Barred);
                                19, Eustrotia uncula (Silver Hook); 20,
                                Lithacodia deceptoria (Pretty Marbled); 21,
                                Lithacodia pygarga (Marbled White Spot); 22,
                                Emmelia trabealis (Spotted Sulphur).
                                AMPHIPYRINAE. 5, Panemeria tenebrata (Small
                                Yellow Underwing). HADENINAE. 3, Anarta myrtilli
                                (Beautiful Yellow Underwing); 4, Anarta
                                cordigera (Small Dark Yellow Underwing).
                                HELIOTHIDINAE. 8. Heliothis viriplaca (Marbled
                                Clover); 9, Protoschinia scutosa (Spotted
                                Clover); 10, Heliothis peltigera (Bordered
                                Straw); 11, Periphanes delphinii (Pease
                                Blossom); 12, Pyrrhia umbra (Bordered Sallow) .
                                CATOCALINAE. 28, Minucia lunaris (Lunar Double
                                Stripe). From Kirby 42.>

# \i{}Diachrysia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      plusii01.jpg <@subject D. chrysitis (Burnished Brass) and D. orichalcea
                            (Scarce Burnished Brass), with other genera of
                            Plusiinae: Newman>
                   <@text x=292 y=415
                                t=1, Abrostola trigemina (Dark Spectacle); 2,
                                Abrostola triplasia (The Spectacle, or Light
                                Spectacle); 3, Trichoplusia ni (Ni Moth); 4,
                                DIACHRYSIA chrysitis (Burnished Brass); 5,
                                DIACHRYSIA orichalcea (Scarce Burnished Brass);
                                6, Plusia festucae (Gold Spot); 7, Autographa
                                gamma (Silver Y); 8, Autographa jota (Plain
                                Golden Y); 9, Autographa pulchrina (Beautiful
                                Golden Y); 10, Autographa bractea (Gold
                                Spangle); 11, Syngrapha interrogationis (Scarce
                                Silver Y). From Newman, 1869.>
      plusii02.jpg <@subject Diachrysia chrysitis (Burnished Brass, with other
                            Plusiinae: photos)>
                   <@text x=264 y=939
                                t=Figs. 1-2, \i{}Autographa gamma\i0{} (Silver
                                Y); 3-4, \i{}Autographa pulchrina\i0{}
                                (Beautiful Golden Y); 5-6, \i{}Autographa
                                jota\i0{} (Plain Golden Y); 7-8, \i{}Polychrysia
                                moneta\i0{} (Golden Plusia); 9-10,
                                \i{}Diachrysia chrysitis\i0{} (Burnished Brass);
                                11-12, \i{}Plusia festucae\i0{} (Gold Spot).
                                \par{}\par{}1-2, Cheddleton near Leek, Staffs.,
                                Sept. 1952; 3-6 and 9-12, Cheddleton, July 1952.
                                7-8, Leek, July 1951. From Watsons collection.>
      kirby041.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae and Plusiinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=839 y=430
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Cucullia verbasci (Mullein
                                Shark); 2, Cucullia asteris (Starwort Shark); 3
                                and 5, Cucullia umbratica (Shark); 4, Cucullia
                                lactucae (Lettuce Shark); 5, Cucullia umbratica
                                (Shark); 6, Cucullia chamomillae (Chamomile
                                Shark); 7, Cucullia artemisiae (Scarce Wormwood
                                Shark); 8, Cucullia absinthii (Wormwood Shark);
                                9, Cucullia argentea (Green Silver-spangle); 10,
                                Eutelia adulatrix; 11, Allophyes oxyacanthae ab.
                                capucina (Green-brindled Crescent, var.); 12,
                                Eucarta amethystina . PLUSIINAE. 13, Abrostola
                                trigemina (Dark Spectacle); 14, Abrostola
                                triplasia (Spectacle); 15, Lamprotes c-aureum;
                                16, Polychrysia moneta (Golden Plusia); 17,
                                Euchalia consona; 18, Euchalcia modestoides;
                                \i{}19, Diachrysia chrysitis (Burnished
                                Brass)\i0{}; 20, Autographa bractea (Gold
                                Spangle); 21, Plusia festucae (Gold Spot); 22,
                                Autographa jota (Plain Golden Y); 23, Autographa
                                gamma (Silver Y); 24, Syngrapha interrogationis
                                (Scarce Silver Y); 25, Syngrapha ain; 26,
                                Syngrapha hochenwarthi. From Kirby 41.>

# \i{}Diarsia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      noctui02.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: 4 Diarsia species with related genera:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=509 y=7
                                t=1(a)-(c), Peridroma saucia (Pearly Underwing);
                                2, \i{}Anaplectoides prasina\i0{} (Green
                                Arches); 3(a)-(f), \i{}Diarsia mendica
                                mendica\i0{} (Ingrailed Clay); 4, \i{}Diarsia
                                dahlii\i0{} (Barred Chestnut); 5, \i{}Naenia
                                typica\i0{} (The Gothic); 6, \i{}Diarsia
                                rubi\i0{} (Small Square-spot); 7, \i{}Diarsia
                                brunnea\i0{} (Purple Clay); 8(a) and (b),
                                \i{}Eurois occulta\i0{} (Great Brocade). From
                                Newman (1869).>
      diamen01.jpg <@subject Diarsia mendica (Ingrailed Clay, light and dark
                            forms: photos)>
                   <@text x=883 y=941
                                t=\i{}Diarsia mendica\i0{} (Ingrailed Clay).
                                Light and dark forms, from Leek (Staffs.), 1957.
                                \par{}\par{}From Watson's collection.>
      kirbnoc1.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=443 y=7
                                t=NOCTUINAE. : 8 and 20, Xestia ditrapezium
                                (Triple-spotted Clay); 9, Noctua janthe (Lesser
                                Broad-border); 10, "Hiria linogrisea", cf.
                                Epiplecta; 11, Noctua fimbria (Broad-bordered
                                Yellow Underwing); 12, Graphiophora augur
                                (Double Dart); 13, Spaelotis ravida (Stout
                                Dart); 14, Noctua pronuba (Yellow Underwing);
                                15, Noctua orbona (Lunar Yellow Underwing); 16,
                                Noctua comes (Lesser Yellow Underwing); 17,
                                Xestia triangulum (Double Square Spot); 18,
                                Xestia baja (Dotted Clay ); 19, Xestia c-nigrum
                                (Setaceous Hebrew Character); 20, Xestia
                                ditrapezium (Triple-spotted Clay); 21, Diarsia
                                brunnea (Purple Clay); 22, Diarsia mendica
                                (Ingrailed Clay); 23, Paradiarsia glareosa
                                (Autumnal Rustic); 24, Chersotis multangula; 25,
                                Chersotis cuprea; 26, Chersotis ocellina; 27,
                                Ochropleura plectra (Flame Shoulder). From Kirby
                                34, with names updated.>

# \i{}Dichonia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      aprilina.jpg <@subject D. aprilina (Merveille-du-jour): photo>
      cucull01.jpg <@subject D. aprilina (Merveille-du-jour), and related
                            genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=286 y=231
                                t=1(a) and (b), Cleoceris viminalis (Minor
                                Shoulder-knot); 2, Leucochlaena oditis
                                (Beautiful Gothic); 3(a)-(c), Dryobotodes
                                eremita (Brindled Green); 4(a)-(c), Dasypolia
                                templi (Brindled Ochre); 5, Lithomoia
                                solidaginis (Golden-rod Brindle); 6, Valeria
                                oleagina (Green-brindled Dot); 7(a) and (b),
                                Aporophyla australis pascuea (Feathered
                                Brindle); 8(a) and (b), Aporophyla lutulenta
                                lutulenta (Deep-brown Dart); 9(a) and (b),
                                Aporophyla nigra (Black Rustic); 10(a) and (b),
                                Allophyes oxyacanthae (Green-brindled Crescent);
                                11, Trigonophora flammea (Flame Brocade); 12(a)
                                and (b), \i{}Dichonia aprilina\i0{}
                                (Merveille-du-jour). From Newman, 1869.>
                            
      kirby040.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae, Amphipyrinae and Noctuinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=917 y=8
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Dryobotodes eremita (Brindled
                                Green); \i{}2, Dichonia aprilina
                                (Merveille-du-Jour)\i0{}; 3, Lamprosticta culta;
                                4, Meganephria bimaculosa (Double-spot Brocade);
                                5, Allophyes oxyacanthae (Green-brindled
                                Crescent); 6, Valeria oleagina (Green Brindled
                                Dot); 10, Blepharita satura (Beautiful Arches);
                                11, Eremobia ochroleuca (Dusky Sallow); 22,
                                Hyppa rectilinea (Clouded Brocade); 23, Auchmis
                                detersa. AMPHIPYRINAE. 7, Luperina testacea
                                (Flounced Rustic); 8, Thalophila matura (Straw
                                Underwing); 9, Calamia tridens virens (Burren
                                Green); 12, Apamea lateritia (Scarce Brindle);
                                13, Apamea monoglypha (Dark Arches); 14, Apamea
                                lithoxylaea (Light Arches); 15, Apamea sordens
                                (Rustic Shoulder-knot); 16, Apamea crenata
                                (Clouded-bordered Brindle); 17, Apamea remissa
                                (Dusky Brocade); 18, Mesapamea secalis (Common
                                Rustic); 19, Oligia strigilis (Marbled Minor);
                                20, Mesoligia furuncula (Cloaked Minor); 21,
                                Dypterygia scabriuscula (Bird's Wing); 25,
                                Callopistria juventina; 26, Polyphaenis
                                sericata. NOCTUINAE. 24, Actinotia polyodon
                                (Purple Cloud). From Kirby 40, with names
                                updated.>

# \i{}Dicycla\i0{} <Guene>/
      amphip02.jpg <@subject D. oo (The Heart Moth), with related genera:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=281 y=250
                                t=1, Enargia paleacea (Angle-striped Sallow); 2,
                                Parastichtis ypsillon (The Dismal, Dingy
                                Shears); 3, \i{}Dicycla oo\i0{} (The Heart
                                Moth); 4, Mesoligia literosa (Rosy Minor);
                                5,(a)-(c), Mesoligia furuncula (Cloaked Minor);
                                6, Eremobia ochroleuca (Dusky Sallow); 7(a)-(c),
                                Cosmia trapezina (The Dun-bar); 8, Cosmia
                                affinis (Lesser-spotted Pinion); 9, Cosmia
                                pyralina (Lunar-spotted Pinion); 10, Cosmia
                                diffinis (White-spotted Pinion); 11, Hyppa
                                rectilinea (The Saxon); 12(a)-(d), Oligia
                                strigilis (Marbled Minor); 13, Oligia
                                fasciuncula (Middle-barred Minor); 14(a)-(e),
                                Mesapamea secalis (Common Rustic). From Newman,
                                1869.>

# \i{}Discestra\i0{} <Hampson>/
      haden01.jpg <@subject Hadeninae: D. trifolii (The Nutmeg), and related
                           genera: Newman>
                  <@text x=906 y=13
                               t=1(a) and (b), Anarta myrtillae (Beautiful
                               Yellow Underwing); 2, Anarta melanopa
                               (Broad-bordered White Underwing); 3, Anarta
                               cordigera (Small Dark Yellow Underwing); 4,
                               DISCESTRA trifolii (The Nutmeg); 5(a) and (b),
                               Polia nebulosa (Grey Arches, normal forms); 5(c)
                               and (d), Polia nebulosa (Grey Arches, varieties);
                               6, Polia trimaculosa (Silvery Arches); 7, Polia
                               bombycina (Pale-shining Brown); 8, Pachetra
                               sagittigera britannica (Feathered Ear); 9,
                               Sideridis albicolon (White Colon); 10, Melanchra
                               persicariae (The Dot); 11, Hada plebeja (The
                               Shears); 12, Heliophobus reticulata (Bordered
                               Gothic); 13, Mamestra brassicae (Cabbage Moth).>
      kirby039.jpg <@subject D. trifolii, with Hadeninae and Cuculliinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=921 y=5
                                t=HADENINAE. 1, Lacanobia thalassina
                                (Pale-shouldered Brocade); 2, Lacanobia suasa
                                (Dog's Tooth); 3, Lacanobia oleracea
                                (Bright-line Brown-eye); 4, Lacanobia w-latinum
                                (Light Brocade); 5, Hada plebeja (Shears);
                                \i{}6, Dicestra trifolii (Nutmeg)\i0{}; 7,
                                Heliophobus reticulata; 8, Hecatera dysodea
                                (Ranunculus Moth); 9, Hecatera bicolorata
                                (Broad-barred White); 10, Hadena caesia; 11,
                                Hadena confusa (Marbled Coronet); 12, Hadena
                                compta; 13, Hadena bicruris (Lychnis); 14,
                                Hadena rivularis (Campion Moth); 15, Hadena
                                perplexa (Tawny Shears); 16, Hadena irregularis;
                                17, Episema trimacula, cf. E. tersa.
                                CUCULLIINAE. 18, Aporophyla nigra (Black
                                Rustic); 19, Ammoconia caecimacula; 20,
                                Polymixis polymita; 21, Polymixis flavicincta
                                (Large Ranunculus); 22, Antitype chi (Grey Chi).
                                From Kirby 39, with names updated.>

# \i{}Dryobotodes\i0{} <Warren>/
      cucull01.jpg <@subject D. eremita (Brindled Green), and related genera:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=286 y=231
                                t=1(a) and (b), Cleoceris viminalis (Minor
                                Shoulder-knot); 2, Leucochlaena oditis
                                (Beautiful Gothic); 3(a)-(c), \i{}Dryobotodes
                                eremita\i0{} (Brindled Green); 4(a)-(c),
                                Dasypolia templi (Brindled Ochre); 5, Lithomoia
                                solidaginis (Golden-rod Brindle); 6, Valeria
                                oleagina (Green-brindled Dot); 7(a) and (b),
                                Aporophyla australis pascuea (Feathered
                                Brindle); 8(a) and (b), Aporophyla lutulenta
                                lutulenta (Deep-brown Dart); 9(a) and (b),
                                Aporophyla nigra (Black Rustic); 10(a) and (b),
                                Allophyes oxyacanthae (Green-brindled Crescent);
                                11, Trigonophora flammea (Flame Brocade); 12(a)
                                and (b), Dichonia aprilina (Merveille-du-jour).
                                From Newman, 1869.>
      kirby040.jpg <@subject D. eremita (Brindled Green), with Cuculliinae,
                            Amphipyrinae and Noctuinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=917 y=8
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. \i{}1, Dryobotodes eremita
                                (Brindled Green)\i0{}; 2, Dichonia aprilina
                                (Merveille-du-Jour); 3, Lamprosticta culta; 4,
                                Meganephria bimaculosa (Double-spot Brocade); 5,
                                Allophyes oxyacanthae (Green-brindled Crescent);
                                6, Valeria oleagina (Green Brindled Dot); 10,
                                Blepharita satura (Beautiful Arches); 11,
                                Eremobia ochroleuca (Dusky Sallow); 22, Hyppa
                                rectilinea (Clouded Brocade); 23, Auchmis
                                detersa. AMPHIPYRINAE. 7, Luperina testacea
                                (Flounced Rustic); 8, Thalophila matura (Straw
                                Underwing); 9, Calamia tridens virens (Burren
                                Green); 12, Apamea lateritia (Scarce Brindle);
                                13, Apamea monoglypha (Dark Arches); 14, Apamea
                                lithoxylaea (Light Arches); 15, Apamea sordens
                                (Rustic Shoulder-knot); 16, Apamea crenata
                                (Clouded-bordered Brindle); 17, Apamea remissa
                                (Dusky Brocade); 18, Mesapamea secalis (Common
                                Rustic); 19, Oligia strigilis (Marbled Minor);
                                20, Mesoligia furuncula (Cloaked Minor); 21,
                                Dypterygia scabriuscula (Bird's Wing); 25,
                                Callopistria juventina; 26, Polyphaenis
                                sericata. NOCTUINAE. 24, Actinotia polyodon
                                (Purple Cloud). From Kirby 40, with names
                                updated.>

# \i{}Dypterygia\i0{} <Stephens>/
      amphip01.jpg <@subject D. scabriuscula (The Bird's Wing), and related
                            genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=518 y=187
                                t=1(a) and (b), Mormo maura (The Old Lady); 2,
                                Amphipyra pyramidea (Copper Underwing); 3,
                                Amphipyra tragopoginis (The Mouse); 4,
                                DYPTERYGIA scabriuscula (The Bird's Wing); 5,
                                Thalpophila matura (Straw Underwing); 6(a) and
                                (b), Rusina ferruginea (Brown Rustic); 7,
                                Trachea aptriplicis (The Orache Moth); 8,
                                Euplexia lucipara (Small Angle-shades); 9,
                                Phlogophora meticulosa (The Angle Shades); 10,
                                Ipimorpha subtusa (The Olive); 11, Ipimorpha
                                retusa (The Small Olive). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirby040.jpg <@subject D. scabriuscula (Bird's Wing), with Cuculliinae,
                            Amphipyrinae and Noctuinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=917 y=8
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Dryobotodes eremita (Brindled
                                Green); 2, Dichonia aprilina
                                (Merveille-du-Jour); 3, Lamprosticta culta; 4,
                                Meganephria bimaculosa (Double-spot Brocade); 5,
                                Allophyes oxyacanthae (Green-brindled Crescent);
                                6, Valeria oleagina (Green Brindled Dot); 10,
                                Blepharita satura (Beautiful Arches); 11,
                                Eremobia ochroleuca (Dusky Sallow); 22, Hyppa
                                rectilinea (Clouded Brocade); 23, Auchmis
                                detersa. AMPHIPYRINAE. 7, Luperina testacea
                                (Flounced Rustic); 8, Thalophila matura (Straw
                                Underwing); 9, Calamia tridens virens (Burren
                                Green); 12, Apamea lateritia (Scarce Brindle);
                                13, Apamea monoglypha (Dark Arches); 14, Apamea
                                lithoxylaea (Light Arches); 15, Apamea sordens
                                (Rustic Shoulder-knot); 16, Apamea crenata
                                (Clouded-bordered Brindle); 17, Apamea remissa
                                (Dusky Brocade); 18, Mesapamea secalis (Common
                                Rustic); 19, Oligia strigilis (Marbled Minor);
                                20, Mesoligia furuncula (Cloaked Minor); \i{}21,
                                Dypterygia scabriuscula (Bird's Wing)\i0{}; 25,
                                Callopistria juventina; 26, Polyphaenis
                                sericata. NOCTUINAE. 24, Actinotia polyodon
                                (Purple Cloud). From Kirby 40, with names
                                updated.>

# \i{}Dysgonia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      kirbycat.jpg <@subject D. algira, with other Catocalinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=20 y=864
                                t=CATOCALINAE. 23, \i{}Callistege mi\i0{}
                                (Mother Shipton); 24, Euclidia glyphica (Burnet
                                Companion); 27, Dysgonia algira; 28, Minucia
                                lunaris (Lunar Double Stripe). From Kirby 42
                                (part).>

# \i{}Earias\i0{} <Hbner>/
      kirbychl.jpg <@subject E. clorana (Cream-bordered Pea), and other
                            Chloephorinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=816 y=914
                                t=21, Earias clorana (Cream-bordered Pea); 22,
                                Pseudoips prasinana prasinana (Green
                                Silver-lines); \i{}23a-c, Bena bicolorana
                                (Scarce Silver-lines)\i0{}. From Kirby 22.>

# \i{}Egira\i0{} <Duponchel>/
      haden03.jpg <@subject E. spicillaris (The Silver Cloud), with Panolis and
                           Hadena: Newman>
                  <@text x=287 y=238
                               t=1(a)-(e), Hadena perplexa (Tawny Shears,
                               various forms); 2, Hadena perplexa capsophila
                               (The Pod lover); 3, Hadena caesia mananii (The
                               Grey); 4, Hadena rivularis (The Campion); 5(a)
                               and (b), Hadena confusa (Marbled Coronet); 6(a),
                               Hadena bicruris (The Lychnis, typical form);
                               6(b), Hadena bicruris (unusual variety); 7(a) and
                               (b), Hadena luteago barrettii (Barrett's Marbled
                               Coronet); 8, Hadena albimacula (The White Spot);
                               9(a)-(c), \i{}Egira spicillaris\i0{} (The Silver
                               Cloud); 10, Panolis flammea (Pine Beauty). From
                               Newman, 1869>
      kirbhad1.jpg <@subject Hadeninae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=747 y=36
                                t=HADENINAE. 1, Orthosia gothica (Hebrew
                                Character); 2, Orthosia miniosa Blossom
                                Underwing); 3, Orthosia cruda (Small Quaker); 4,
                                Orthosia cerasi (Common Quaker); 5, Orthosia
                                gracilis (Powdered Quaker); 6, Orthosia incerta
                                (Clouded Drab); 7, Orthosia munda (Twin-spot
                                Quaker); 8, Panolis flammea (Pine Beauty); 12,
                                Mythimna pallens (Common Wainscot); 13, Mythimna
                                comma (Shoulder-striped Wainscot); 14, Mythimna
                                conigera (Brown-line Bright Eye); 15, Mythimna
                                L-album; 16, \i{}Egira spicillaris\i0{} (Silver
                                Cloud). From Kirby 36, 37 and 38.>

# \i{}Elaphria\i0{} <Hbner>/
      amphip04.jpg <@subject E. venustula (The Rosy Marbled), and related
                            genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=334 y=144
                                t=1, Panemeria tenebrata (Small Yellow
                                Underwing); 2, ELAPHRIA venustula (The Rosy
                                Marbled); 3, Archanara geminipuncta
                                (Twin-spotted Wainscot); 4(a) and (b), Archanara
                                dissoluta (Brown-veined Wainscot); 5, Archanara
                                algae ( Reed Wainscot); 6, Oria musculosa
                                (Brighton Wainscot); 7, Rhizedra lutosa (Large
                                Wainscot); 8(a)-(d), Charanyca trigrammica
                                (Treble Lines); 9, Arenostola phragmitidis (Fen
                                Wainscot); 10, Hoplodrina alsines (The
                                Uncertain); 11, Hoplodrina blanda (The Rustic);
                                12, Caradrina morpheus (Mottled Rustic); 13,
                                Caradrina clavipalpis (Pale Mottled Willow);
                                14(a)-(d), Chilodes peltigera (Silky Wainscot);
                                15, Stilbia anomala (The Anomalous); 16,
                                Spodoptera exigua (Small Mottled Willow); 17,
                                Acosmetia caliginosa (The Reddish Buff); 18,
                                Coenobia rufa (Small Rufous); 19, Athetis
                                pallustris (Marsh Moth). From Newman, 1869.>

# \i{}Emmelia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      heliot01.jpg <@subject E. trabealis (Spotted Sulphur), with Heliothidinae
                            and other Acontiinae: Newman>
                   <@text x=287 y=605
                                t=HELIOTHIDINAE. 1, Pyrrhia umbra (Bordered
                                Sallow); 2, Helicoverpa armigera (Scarce
                                Bordered Straw); 3, Heliothis viriplaca (Marbled
                                Clover); 4, Heliothis peltigera (Bordered
                                Straw). ACONTIINAE. 5, Lithacodia pygarga
                                (Marbled White Spot); 6, Eustrotia uncula
                                (Silver Hook); 7, Eublemma ostrina (Purple
                                Marbled); 8, Eublemma parva (Small Marbled); 9,
                                Acontia lucida (Pale Shoulder); 10, Deltote
                                bankiana (Silver-Barred); 11, \i{}Emmelia
                                trabealis\i0{} (Spotted Sulphur). From Newman,
                                1869.>
      kirby042.jpg <@subject Acontiinae, Amphipyrinae, Hadeninae and
                            Heliothidinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=897 y=169
                                t=ACONTIINAE. 13, Acontia lucida (Pale
                                Shoulder); 17, Eublemma minutata (Scarce
                                Marbled); 18, Deltote bankiana (Silver Barred);
                                19, Eustrotia uncula (Silver Hook); 20,
                                Lithacodia deceptoria (Pretty Marbled); 21,
                                Lithacodia pygarga (Marbled White Spot); 22,
                                EMMELIA trabealis (Spotted Sulphur).
                                AMPHIPYRINAE. 5, Panemeria tenebrata (Small
                                Yellow Underwing). HADENINAE. 3, Anarta myrtilli
                                (Beautiful Yellow Underwing); 4, Anarta
                                cordigera (Small Dark Yellow Underwing).
                                HELIOTHIDINAE. 8. Heliothis viriplaca (Marbled
                                Clover); 9, Protoschinia scutosa (Spotted
                                Clover); 10, Heliothis peltigera (Bordered
                                Straw); 11, Periphanes delphinii (Pease
                                Blossom); 12, Pyrrhia umbra (Bordered Sallow) .
                                CATOCALINAE. 28, Minucia lunaris (Lunar Double
                                Stripe). Kirby 42.>

# \i{}Enargia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      amphip02.jpg <@subject E. paleacea (Angle-striped Sallow), with related
                            genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=281 y=250
                                t=1, \i{}Enargia paleacea\i0{} (Angle-striped
                                Sallow); 2, Parastichtis ypsillon (The Dismal,
                                Dingy Shears); 3, Dicycla oo (The Heart Moth);
                                4, Mesoligia literosa (Rosy Minor); 5,(a)-(c),
                                Mesoligia furuncula (Cloaked Minor); 6, Eremobia
                                ochroleuca (Dusky Sallow); 7(a)-(c), Cosmia
                                trapezina (The Dun-bar); 8, Cosmia affinis
                                (Lesser-spotted Pinion); 9, Cosmia pyralina
                                (Lunar-spotted Pinion); 10, Cosmia diffinis
                                (White-spotted Pinion); 11, Hyppa rectilinea
                                (The Saxon); 12(a)-(d), Oligia strigilis
                                (Marbled Minor); 13, Oligia fasciuncula
                                (Middle-barred Minor); 14(a)-(e), Mesapamea
                                secalis (Common Rustic). From Newman, 1869.>

# \i{}Epizeuxis\i0{} <Hbner>/
      step0333.jpg <@subject Epizeuxis (Idia) lubricalis (Twin-striped Tabby):
                            Stephens IV, 1834 (as Camptylocheila bistrigalis,
                            probably alien)>

# \i{}Eremobia\i0{} <Stephens>/
      amphip02.jpg <@subject E. ochroleuca (Dusky Sallow), with related genera:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=281 y=250
                                t=1, Enargia paleacea (Angle-striped Sallow); 2,
                                Parastichtis ypsillon (The Dismal, Dingy
                                Shears); 3, Dicycla oo (The Heart Moth); 4,
                                Mesoligia literosa (Rosy Minor); 5,(a)-(c),
                                Mesoligia furuncula (Cloaked Minor); 6,
                                \i{}Eremobia ochroleuca\i0{} (Dusky Sallow);
                                7(a)-(c), Cosmia trapezina (The Dun-bar); 8,
                                Cosmia affinis (Lesser-spotted Pinion); 9,
                                Cosmia pyralina (Lunar-spotted Pinion); 10,
                                Cosmia diffinis (White-spotted Pinion); 11,
                                Hyppa rectilinea (The Saxon); 12(a)-(d), Oligia
                                strigilis (Marbled Minor); 13, Oligia
                                fasciuncula (Middle-barred Minor); 14(a)-(e),
                                Mesapamea secalis (Common Rustic). From Newman,
                                1869.>
      kirby040.jpg <@subject E. ochroleuca (Dusky Sallow), with Cuculliinae,
                            Amphipyrinae and Noctuinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=917 y=8
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Dryobotodes eremita (Brindled
                                Green); 2, Dichonia aprilina
                                (Merveille-du-Jour); 3, Lamprosticta culta; 4,
                                Meganephria bimaculosa (Double-spot Brocade); 5,
                                Allophyes oxyacanthae (Green-brindled Crescent);
                                6, Valeria oleagina (Green Brindled Dot); 10,
                                Blepharita satura (Beautiful Arches); \i{}11,
                                Eremobia ochroleuca (Dusky Sallow)\i0{}; 22,
                                Hyppa rectilinea (Clouded Brocade); 23, Auchmis
                                detersa. AMPHIPYRINAE. 7, Luperina testacea
                                (Flounced Rustic); 8, Thalophila matura (Straw
                                Underwing); 9, Calamia tridens virens (Burren
                                Green); 12, Apamea lateritia (Scarce Brindle);
                                13, Apamea monoglypha (Dark Arches); 14, Apamea
                                lithoxylaea (Light Arches); 15, Apamea sordens
                                (Rustic Shoulder-knot); 16, Apamea crenata
                                (Clouded-bordered Brindle); 17, Apamea remissa
                                (Dusky Brocade); 18, Mesapamea secalis (Common
                                Rustic); 19, Oligia strigilis (Marbled Minor);
                                20, Mesoligia furuncula (Cloaked Minor); 21,
                                Dypterygia scabriuscula (Bird's Wing); 25,
                                Callopistria juventina; 26, Polyphaenis
                                sericata. NOCTUINAE. 24, Actinotia polyodon
                                (Purple Cloud). From Kirby 40, with names
                                updated.>

# \i{}Eublemma\i0{} <Hbner>/
      bent140.jpg <@subject Eublemma ostrina (Purple Marbled: B. Ent. 140)>
      text1401.gif <@subject Eublemma ostrina: B. Ent. 140, legend+text>
      text1402.gif <@subject Eublemma ostrina: B. Ent. 140, text cont.>
      heliot01.jpg <@subject Eublemma parva (Small Marbled), with Heliothidinae
                            and other Acontiinae: Newman>
                   <@text x=287 y=605
                                t=HELIOTHIDINAE. 1, Pyrrhia umbra (Bordered
                                Sallow); 2, Helicoverpa armigera (Scarce
                                Bordered Straw); 3, Heliothis viriplaca (Marbled
                                Clover); 4, Heliothis peltigera (Bordered
                                Straw). ACONTIINAE. 5, Lithacodia pygarga
                                (Marbled White Spot); 6, Eustrotia uncula
                                (Silver Hook); 7, \i{}Eublemma ostrina\i0{}
                                (Purple Marbled); 8, \i{}Eublemma parva\i0{}
                                (Small Marbled); 9, Acontia lucida (Pale
                                Shoulder); 10, Deltote bankiana (Silver-Barred);
                                11, Emmelia trabealis (Spotted Sulphur). From
                                Newman, 1869.>
      kirby042.jpg <@subject Acontiinae, Amphipyrinae, Hadeninae and
                            Heliothidinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=897 y=169
                                t=ACONTIINAE. 13, Acontia lucida (Pale
                                Shoulder); \b{}17, Eublemma minutata\b0{}
                                (Scarce Marbled); 18, Deltote bankiana (Silver
                                Barred); 19, Eustrotia uncula (Silver Hook); 20,
                                Lithacodia deceptoria (Pretty Marbled); 21,
                                Lithacodia pygarga (Marbled White Spot); 22,
                                Emmelia trabealis (Spotted Sulphur).
                                AMPHIPYRINAE. 5, Panemeria tenebrata (Small
                                Yellow Underwing). HADENINAE. 3, Anarta myrtilli
                                (Beautiful Yellow Underwing); 4, Anarta
                                cordigera (Small Dark Yellow Underwing).
                                HELIOTHIDINAE. 8. Heliothis viriplaca (Marbled
                                Clover); 9, Protoschinia scutosa (Spotted
                                Clover); 10, Heliothis peltigera (Bordered
                                Straw); 11, Periphanes delphinii (Pease
                                Blossom); 12, Pyrrhia umbra (Bordered Sallow) .
                                CATOCALINAE. 28, Minucia lunaris (Lunar Double
                                Stripe). From KIrby 42.>

# \i{}Eucarta\i0{} <Lederer>/
      kirby041.jpg <@subject E. amethystina (Cumberland Gem), with Cuculliinae
                            and Plusiinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=839 y=430
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Cucullia verbasci (Mullein
                                Shark); 2, Cucullia asteris (Starwort Shark); 3
                                and 5, Cucullia umbratica (Shark); 4, Cucullia
                                lactucae (Lettuce Shark); 5, Cucullia umbratica
                                (Shark); 6, Cucullia chamomillae (Chamomile
                                Shark); 7, Cucullia artemisiae (Scarce Wormwood
                                Shark); 8, Cucullia absinthii (Wormwood Shark);
                                9, Cucullia argentea (Green Silver-spangle); 10,
                                Eutelia adulatrix; 11, Allophyes oxyacanthae ab.
                                capucina (Green-brindled Crescent, var.);
                                \i{}12, Eucarta amethystina (Cumberland
                                Gem)\i0{}. PLUSIINAE. 13, Abrostola trigemina
                                (Dark Spectacle); 14, Abrostola triplasia
                                (Spectacle); 15, Lamprotes c-aureum; 16,
                                Polychrysia moneta (Golden Plusia); 17, Euchalia
                                consona; 18, Euchalcia modestoides; 19,
                                Diachrysia chrysitis (Burnished Brass); 20,
                                Autographa bractea (Gold Spangle); 21, Plusia
                                festucae (Gold Spot); 22, Autographa jota (Plain
                                Golden Y); 23, Autographa gamma (Silver Y); 24,
                                Syngrapha interrogationis (Scarce Silver Y); 25,
                                Syngrapha ain; 26, Syngrapha hochenwarthi. From
                                Kirby 41.>

# \i{}Euchalcia\i0{} <Ochsenheimer>/
      bent7311.jpg <@subject Euchalcia variabilis (Purple-shaded Gem): B. Ent.
                            731>
      text7311.gif <@subject Euchalcia variabilis: B. Ent. 731, legend+text>
      text7312.gif <@subject Euchalcia variabilis: B. Ent. 731, text cont.>
      plusadv.jpg <@subject E. variabilis, with adventive or casual Plusiinae:
                           Swain>
                  <@text x=478 y=209
                               t=1, Syngrapha interrogationis (Scarce Silver Y);
                               2, Chrysodeixis chalcites (Golden Twin Spot); 3,
                               Chrysodeixis acuta (Tunbridge Wells Gem); 4,
                               Ctenoplusia limbirana (Scar Bank Gem); 5,
                               Macdunnoughia confusa (Dewick's Plusia); 6,
                               \i{}Euchalcia variabilis\i0{} (Purple-shaded
                               Gem); 7, Diachrysia orichalcea (Slender Burnished
                               Brass). Swain, 1961.>

# \i{}Euclidia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      bent6591.jpg <@subject Euclidia glyphica (Burnet Companion): B. Ent. 659>
      text6591.gif <@subject Euclidia glyphica: B. Ent. 659, legend+text>
      text6592.gif <@subject Euclidia glyphica: B. Ent. 659, text cont.>
      catoc02.jpg <@subject E. glyphica, with Catocala promissa, Minucia and
                           Callistege: Newman>
                  <@text x=689 y=46
                               t=1(a)-(c), Catocala promissa (Light Crimson
                               Underwing); 2(a) and (b), Minucia lunaris (Lunar
                               Double Stripe); 3, Callistege mi (Mother
                               Shipton); 4, \i{}Euclidia glyphica\i0{} (Burnet
                               Companion). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirbycat.jpg <@subject Catocalinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=20 y=864
                                t=CATOCALINAE. 23, \i{}Callistege mi\i0{}
                                (Mother Shipton); 24, Euclidia glyphica (Burnet
                                Companion); 27, Dysgonia algira; 28, Minucia
                                lunaris (Lunar Double Stripe). From Kirby 42.>

# \i{}Eugnorisma\i0{} <Boursin>/
      noctui01.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: E. depuncta (Plain Clay) and related
                            genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=448 y=9
                                t=1, \i{}Actinotia polyodon\i0{} (The Purple
                                Cloud); 2, \i{}Axylia putris\i0{} (The Flame);
                                3, \i{}Rhyacia simulans\i0{} (Dotted Rustic); 4,
                                \i{}EUGNORISMA glareosa\i0{} (Autumnal Rustic);
                                5, \i{}Paradiarsia\i0{} (\i{}Protolampra\i0{})
                                \i{}sobrina\i0{} (Cousin German); 6,
                                \i{}Lycophotia porphyrea\i0{} (True Lovers'
                                Knot); 7, \i{}Ochropleura praecox\i0{} (Portland
                                Moth); 8, \i{}Ochropleura fennica\i0{}
                                (Eversmanns Rustic); 9, \i{}EUGNORISMA
                                depuncta\i0{} (Plain Clay); 10(a) and (b),
                                \i{}Standfussiana lucernea\i0{} (Northern
                                Rustic); 11, \i{}Ochropleura flammatra\i0{} (The
                                Black Collar); 12, \i{}Ochropleura plecta\i0{}
                                (Flame Shoulder); 13, \i{}Eugraphe subrosea\i0{}
                                (Rosy Marsh Moth); 14, \i{}Spaelotis ravida\i0{}
                                (Stout Dart); 15, \i{}Graphiphora augur\i0{}
                                (Double Dart). From Newman (1869).>
      step0211.jpg <@subject Eugnorisma glareosa (Autumnal Rustic): Stephens II,
                            1830>

# \i{}Eugraphe\i0{} <Hbner>/
      noctui01.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: E. subrosea (Rosy Marsh Moth) and
                            related genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=448 y=9
                                t=1, \i{}Actinotia polyodon\i0{} (The Purple
                                Cloud); 2, \i{}Axylia putris\i0{} (The Flame);
                                3, \i{}Rhyacia simulans\i0{} (Dotted Rustic); 4,
                                \i{}Eugnorisma glareosa\i0{} (Autumnal Rustic);
                                5, \i{}Paradiarsia\i0{} (\i{}Protolampra\i0{})
                                \i{}sobrina\i0{} (Cousin German); 6,
                                \i{}Lycophotia porphyrea\i0{} (True Lovers'
                                Knot); 7, \i{}Ochropleura praecox\i0{} (Portland
                                Moth); 8, \i{}Ochropleura fennica\i0{}
                                (Eversmanns Rustic); 9, \i{}Eugnorisma
                                depuncta\i0{} (Plain Clay); 10(a) and (b),
                                \i{}Standfussiana lucernea\i0{} (Northern
                                Rustic); 11, \i{}Ochropleura flammatra\i0{} (The
                                Black Collar); 12, \i{}Ochropleura plecta\i0{}
                                (Flame Shoulder); 13, \i{}EUGRAPHE subrosea\i0{}
                                (Rosy Marsh Moth); 14, \i{}Spaelotis ravida\i0{}
                                (Stout Dart); 15, \i{}Graphiphora augur\i0{}
                                (Double Dart). From Newman (1869).>
      step0191.jpg <@subject Eugraphe subrosea (Rosy Marsh Moth): Stephens II,
                            1830>

# \i{}Eumichtis\i0{} <Hbner>/
      cucull02.jpg <@subject E. lichenea (Feathered Ranunculus), and related
                            genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=667 y=130
                                t=1(a), Blepharita satura (Beautiful Brocade);
                                1(b), Blepharita adusta (Dark Brocade); 2,
                                Polymixis flavicincta (Large Ranunculus); 3,
                                Polymixis xanthomista xanthomista (The
                                Black-banded); 4, Parastichtis suspecta (The
                                Suspected); 5(a)-(c), Antitype chi (Grey Chi);
                                6(a) and (b), Eupsilia transversa (The
                                Satellite); 7(a) and (b), EUMICHTIS lichenea
                                (Feathered Ranunculus); 8, Jodia croceago
                                (Orange Upper-wing); 9, Conistra vaccinii (The
                                Chestnut); 10, Conistra ligula (Dark Chestnut);
                                11, Conistra rubiginea (Dotted Chestnut); 12,
                                Conistra erythrocephala (Red-headed Chestnut);
                                13(a) and (b), Omphaloscelis lunosa (Lunar
                                Underwing). From Newman (1869).>

# \i{}Euplexia\i0{} <Stephens>/
      bent619.jpg <@subject Euplexia lucipara (Small Angle-shades): B. Ent. 619>
      text6191.gif <@subject Euplexia lucipara: B. Ent. 619, legend+text>
      text6192.gif <@subject Euplexia lucipara: B. Ent. 619, text cont.>
      amphip01.jpg <@subject E. lucipara, and related genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=518 y=187
                                t=1(a) and (b), Mormo maura (The Old Lady); 2,
                                Amphipyra pyramidea (Copper Underwing); 3,
                                Amphipyra tragopoginis (The Mouse); 4,
                                Dypterygia scabriuscula (The Bird's Wing); 5,
                                Thalpophila matura (Straw Underwing); 6(a) and
                                (b), Rusina ferruginea (Brown Rustic); 7,
                                Trachea aptriplicis (The Orache Moth); 8,
                                EUPLEXIA lucipara (Small Angle-shades); 9,
                                Phlogophora meticulosa (The Angle Shades); 10,
                                Ipimorpha subtusa (The Olive); 11, Ipimorpha
                                retusa (The Small Olive). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirbamp1.jpg <@subject Amphipyrinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=131 y=7
                                t=AMPHIPYRINAE. 1, Trachea atriplicis (Orache
                                Moth); 2, \i{}Euplexia lucipara\i0{} (Small
                                Angle-shades); 4, Phlogophora meticulosa
                                (Angle-shades); 5, Mormo maura (Old Lady); 8,
                                Amphipoea oculea (Golden Ear); 9, Gortyna
                                flavago (Frosted Orange); 10, Archanara cannae
                                (Reed Wainscot); 11, Nonagria typhae (Bulrush
                                Moth); 12, Diclya 00 (Heart); 13, Cosmia
                                pyralina (Lunar-spotted Pinion); 14, Cosmia
                                diffinis (White-spotted Pinion); 15, Cosmia
                                affinis (Lesser-spotted Pinion); 16, Cosmia
                                trapezina (Dun Bar); 17, Ipimorpha retusa
                                (Double Kidney); 21, Amphipyra tragopogonis
                                (Mouse); 22, Amphipyra pyramidea Copper
                                Underwing).>

# \i{}Eupsilia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      bent6351.jpg <@subject Eupsilia transversa (The Satellite): B. Ent. 635>
      text6351.gif <@subject Eupsilia transversa: B. Ent. 635, legend+text>
      text6352.gif <@subject Eupsilia transversa: B. Ent. 635, text cont.>
      cucull02.jpg <@subject E. transversa and and related genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=667 y=130
                                t=1(a), Blepharita satura (Beautiful Brocade);
                                1(b), Blepharita adusta (Dark Brocade); 2,
                                Polymixis flavicincta (Large Ranunculus); 3,
                                Polymixis xanthomista xanthomista (The
                                Black-banded); 4, Parastichtis suspecta (The
                                Suspected); 5(a)-(c), Antitype chi (Grey Chi);
                                6(a) and (b), EUPSILIA transversa (The
                                Satellite); 7(a) and (b), Eumichtis lichenea
                                (Feathered Ranunculus); 8, Jodia croceago
                                (Orange Upper-wing); 9, Conistra vaccinii (The
                                Chestnut); 10, Conistra ligula (Dark Chestnut);
                                11, Conistra rubiginea (Dotted Chestnut); 12,
                                Conistra erythrocephala (Red-headed Chestnut);
                                13(a) and (b), Omphaloscelis lunosa (Lunar
                                Underwing). From Newman (1869).>
      kirbcuc1.jpg <@subject E. transversa, with other Cuculliinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=790 y=204
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Xanthia gilvago (Dusky Lemon
                                Sallow); 2, Jodia croceago (Orange Upper-wing);
                                3, Mecoptera fragariae, = ?; 4, Conistra
                                erythrocephala (Red-headed Chestnut); 5,
                                Orrhodia silene, = ?; 6, Conistra vacciniae
                                (Chestnut); 7, Conistra rubiginea (Dotted
                                Chestnut); \i{}8, Eupsilia transversa
                                (Satellite)\i0{}; 10, Lithophane socia (Pale
                                Pinion); 11, Lithophane furcifera; 12,
                                Lithophane ornitopus (Grey Shoulder-knot); 13,
                                Xylena vetusta (Red Sword-Grass); 14, Xylena
                                exsoleta (Sword-Grass); 15, Lithomoia
                                solidaginis (Golden-rod Brindle); 17,
                                Brachionycha nebulosa (Rannoch Sprawler); 18,
                                Brachionycha sphinx (Sprawler); 19, Calophasia
                                opalina; 20, Calophasia lunula (Toadflax
                                Brocade). OPHIDERINAE. 9, Scoliopteryx libatrix
                                (Herald). From Kirby 37, with updated names.>

# \i{}Eurois\i0{} <Hbner>/
      bent248.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: Eurois occulta (Great Brocade: B. Ent.
                           248)>
      text2481.gif <@subject Eurois occulta: B. Ent. 248, legend+text>
      text2482.gif <@subject Eurois occulta: B. Ent. 248, text cont.>
      noctui02.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: E. occulta (Great Brocade) and 4 related
                            genera>
                   <@text x=509 y=7
                                t=1(a)-(c), Peridroma saucia (Pearly Underwing);
                                2, Anaplectoides prasina (Green Arches);
                                3(a)-(f), Diarsia mendica mendica (Ingrailed
                                Clay); 4, Diarsia dahlii (Barred Chestnut); 5,
                                Naenia typica (The Gothic); 6, Diarsia rubi
                                (Small Square-spot); 7, Diarsia brunnea (Purple
                                Clay); 8(a) and (b), EUROIS occulta (Great
                                Brocade). From Newman (1869).>
      kirby035.jpg <@subject Noctuinae and Hadeninae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=450 y=333
                                t=NOCTUINAE. 1,Rhacia simulans (True Lover's
                                Knot); 2, Acylia putris (Flame); 3, Agrotis
                                exclamationis (Heart and Dart); 4, Euxoa tritica
                                (White Line Dart); 5, Agrotis ipsilon (Dark
                                Sword-grass); 6, Agrotis segetum (Common Dart,
                                or Turnip Moth); 7, Agrotis vestigialis
                                (Archer's Dart); 8, Ochropleura praecox
                                (Portland Moth); 9, Anaplectoides prasina (Green
                                Arches); 10, \i{}Eurois occulta\i0{} (Great
                                Brocade). HADENINAE. 11, Cerapteryx graminis
                                (Antler Moth); 12, Tholera decimalis (Feathered
                                Gothic); 13, Pacheta sagittigera (Feathered
                                Ear); 14, Polia bombycina (Pale Shinibg Brown);
                                15, Polia trimaculosa (Silvery Arches); 16,
                                Polia nebulosa (Grey Arches); 17, Lacanobia
                                contigua (Beautiful Brocade); 18, Ceramica pisi
                                (Broom Moth); 19, Mamestra brassicae (Cabbage
                                Moth); 20, Melanchra persicariae (Dot). From
                                Kirby 35.>

# \i{}Eustrotia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      heliot01.jpg <@subject E. uncula (The Silver Hook), with Heliothidinae and
                            other Acontiinae: Newman>
                   <@text x=287 y=605
                                t=HELIOTHIDINAE. 1, Pyrrhia umbra (Bordered
                                Sallow); 2, Helicoverpa armigera (Scarce
                                Bordered Straw); 3, Heliothis viriplaca (Marbled
                                Clover); 4, Heliothis peltigera (Bordered
                                Straw). ACONTIINAE. 5, Lithacodia pygarga
                                (Marbled White Spot); 6, \i{}Eustrotia
                                uncula\i0{} (Silver Hook); 7, Eublemma ostrina
                                (Purple Marbled); 8, Eublemma parva (Small
                                Marbled); 9, Acontia lucida (Pale Shoulder); 10,
                                Deltote bankiana (Silver-Barred); 11, Emmelia
                                trabealis (Spotted Sulphur). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirby042.jpg <@subject Acontiinae, Amphipyrinae, Hadeninae and
                            Heliothidinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=897 y=169
                                t=ACONTIINAE. 13, Acontia lucida (Pale
                                Shoulder); 17, Eublemma minutata (Scarce
                                Marbled); 18, Deltote bankiana (Silver Barred);
                                \b{}19, Eustrotia uncula (Silver Hook)\b0{}; 20,
                                Lithacodia deceptoria (Pretty Marbled); 21,
                                Lithacodia pygarga (Marbled White Spot); 22,
                                Emmelia trabealis (Spotted Sulphur).
                                AMPHIPYRINAE. 5, Panemeria tenebrata (Small
                                Yellow Underwing). HADENINAE. 3, Anarta myrtilli
                                (Beautiful Yellow Underwing); 4, Anarta
                                cordigera (Small Dark Yellow Underwing).
                                HELIOTHIDINAE. 8. Heliothis viriplaca (Marbled
                                Clover); 9, Protoschinia scutosa (Spotted
                                Clover); 10, Heliothis peltigera (Bordered
                                Straw); 11, Periphanes delphinii (Pease
                                Blossom); 12, Pyrrhia umbra (Bordered Sallow) .
                                CATOCALINAE. 28, Minucia lunaris (Lunar Double
                                Stripe). From Kirby 42.>

# \i{}Euxoa\i0{} <Hbner>/
      euxoa.jpg <@subject British Euxoa species: Coast, Garden, White-line and
                         Square-spot Darts: Newman>
                <@text x=894 y=839
                             t=EUXOA. 533, E. cursoria (Coast Dart); 534, E.
                             nigricans (Garden Dart); 535(a-c) and 536, E.
                             tritici (White-line Dart; 537, E. obelisca
                             (Square-spot Dart). From Newman (1869).>
      kirby035.jpg <@subject Noctuinae and Hadeninae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=450 y=333
                                t=NOCTUINAE. 1,Rhacia simulans (True Lover's
                                Knot); 2, Acylia putris (Flame); 3, Agrotis
                                exclamationis (Heart and Dart); 4, \i{}Euxoa
                                tritica\i0{} (White Line Dart); 5, Agrotis
                                ipsilon (Dark Sword-grass); 6, Agrotis segetum
                                (Common Dart, or Turnip Moth); 7, Agrotis
                                vestigialis (Archer's Dart); 8, Ochropleura
                                praecox (Portland Moth); 9, Anaplectoides
                                prasina (Green Arches); 10, Eurois occulta
                                (Great Brocade). HADENINAE. 11, Cerapteryx
                                graminis (Antler Moth); 12, Tholera decimalis
                                (Feathered Gothic); 13, Pacheta sagittigera
                                (Feathered Ear); 14, Polia bombycina (Pale
                                Shinibg Brown); 15, Polia trimaculosa (Silvery
                                Arches); 16, Polia nebulosa (Grey Arches); 17,
                                Lacanobia contigua (Beautiful Brocade); 18,
                                Ceramica pisi (Broom Moth); 19, Mamestra
                                brassicae (Cabbage Moth); 20, Melanchra
                                persicariae (Dot). Kirby 35.>

# \i{}Feltia\i0{} <Walker>/
      step0223.jpg <@subject Feltia subgothica (Gothic Dart): Stephens II, 1830>
      step0222.jpg <@subject Feltia subterranea (The Tawny Shoulder): Stephens
                            II, 1830>

# \i{}Gortyna\i0{} <Ochsenheimer>/
      amphip03.jpg <@subject G. flavago (The Frosted Orange), and related
                            genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=710 y=87
                                t=1(a) and (b), Photedes captiuncula (Least
                                Minor); 2(a)-(c), Photedes pygmina (Small
                                Wainscot); 3(a) and (b), Photedes minima (Small
                                Dotted Buff); 4, Photedes elymi (The Lyme
                                Grass); 5, Photedes morrisii (Bond's Wainscot);
                                6, Photedes brevilinea (Fenn's Wainscot); 7(a)
                                and (b), Photedes extrema (The Concolorous);
                                8(a) and (b), Photedes fluxa (Mere Wainscot);
                                9(a) and (b), Amphipoea spp. (The Ear -
                                requiring examination of genitalia to
                                distinguish the species); 10, Luperina testacea
                                (Flounced Rustic); 11, Luperina dumerilii
                                (Dumeril's Luperina); 12, Hydraecia micacea
                                (Rosy Rustic); 13, Hydraecia petasitis (The
                                Butterbur); 14, GORTINA flavago (Frosted
                                Orange); 15(a) and (b), Celaena leucostigma
                                leucostigma (The Crescent) 16, Celaena haworthii
                                (Haworth's Minor); 17(a) and (b), Nonagria
                                typhae (The Bullrush). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirbamp1.jpg <@subject Amphipyrinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=131 y=7
                                t=AMPHIPYRINAE. 1, Trachea atriplicis (Orache
                                Moth); 2, Euplexia lucipara (Small
                                Angle-shades); 4, Phlogophora meticulosa
                                (Angle-shades); 5, Mormo maura (Old Lady); 8,
                                Amphipoea oculea (Golden Ear); 9, \i{}Gortyna
                                flavago\i0{} (Frosted Orange); 10, Archanara
                                cannae (Reed Wainscot); 11, Nonagria typhae
                                (Bulrush Moth); 12, Diclya 00 (Heart); 13,
                                Cosmia pyralina (Lunar-spotted Pinion); 14,
                                Cosmia diffinis (White-spotted Pinion); 15,
                                Cosmia affinis (Lesser-spotted Pinion); 16,
                                Cosmia trapezina (Dun Bar); 17, Ipimorpha retusa
                                (Double Kidney); 21, Amphipyra tragopogonis
                                (Mouse); 22, Amphipyra pyramidea Copper
                                Underwing). From Kirby 36 and 38.>

# \i{}Graphania\i0{} <Hampson>/
      southadv.jpg <@subject G. dives, with other adventive Noctuidae: Swain>
                   <@text x=833 y=455
                                t=1, Mesogana acetosellae (Pale Stigma); 2,
                                \i{}Graphania dives\i0{}; 3, Pseudenargia ulicis
                                (The Berber); 4, Sedina buettneri (Blair's
                                Wainscot). Swain, 1961.>

# \i{}Graphiphora\i0{} <Ochsenheimer>/
      noctui01.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: G. augur (Double Dart) and related
                            genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=448 y=9
                                t=1, \i{}Actinotia polyodon\i0{} (The Purple
                                Cloud); 2, \i{}Axylia putris\i0{} (The Flame);
                                3, \i{}Rhyacia simulans\i0{} (Dotted Rustic); 4,
                                \i{}Eugnorisma glareosa\i0{} (Autumnal Rustic);
                                5, \i{}Paradiarsia\i0{} (\i{}Protolampra\i0{})
                                \i{}sobrina\i0{} (Cousin German); 6,
                                \i{}Lycophotia porphyrea\i0{} (True Lovers'
                                Knot); 7, \i{}Ochropleura praecox\i0{} (Portland
                                Moth); 8, \i{}Ochropleura fennica\i0{}
                                (Eversmanns Rustic); 9, \i{}Eugnorisma
                                depuncta\i0{} (Plain Clay); 10(a) and (b),
                                \i{}Standfussiana lucernea\i0{} (Northern
                                Rustic); 11, \i{}Ochropleura flammatra\i0{} (The
                                Black Collar); 12, \i{}Ochropleura plecta\i0{}
                                (Flame Shoulder); 13, \i{}Eugraphe subrosea\i0{}
                                (Rosy Marsh Moth); 14, \i{}Spaelotis ravida\i0{}
                                (Stout Dart); 15, \i{}GRAPHIPHORA augur\i0{}
                                (Double Dart). From Newman (1869).>

# \i{}Hada\i0{} <Billberg>/
      haden01.jpg <@subject Hadeninae: H. plebeja (The Shears), and related
                           genera: Newman>
                  <@text x=906 y=13
                               t=1(a) and (b), Anarta myrtillae (Beautiful
                               Yellow Underwing); 2, Anarta melanopa
                               (Broad-bordered White Underwing); 3, Anarta
                               cordigera (Small Dark Yellow Underwing); 4,
                               Discestra trifolii (The Nutmeg); 5(a) and (b),
                               Polia nebulosa (Grey Arches, normal forms); 5(c)
                               and (d), Polia nebulosa (Grey Arches, varieties);
                               6, Polia trimaculosa (Silvery Arches); 7, Polia
                               bombycina (Pale-shining Brown); 8, Pachetra
                               sagittigera britannica (Feathered Ear); 9,
                               Sideridis albicolon (White Colon); 10, Melanchra
                               persicariae (The Dot); 11, HADA plebeja (The
                               Shears); 12, Heliophobus reticulata (Bordered
                               Gothic); 13, Mamestra brassicae (Cabbage Moth).>
      kirby039.jpg <@subject H. plebeja, with Hadeninae and Cuculliinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=921 y=5
                                t=HADENINAE. 1, Lacanobia thalassina
                                (Pale-shouldered Brocade); 2, Lacanobia suasa
                                (Dog's Tooth); 3, Lacanobia oleracea
                                (Bright-line Brown-eye); 4, Lacanobia w-latinum
                                (Light Brocade); \i{}5, Hada plebeja
                                (Shears)\i0{}; 6, Dicestra trifolii (Nutmeg); 7,
                                Heliophobus reticulata; 8, Hecatera dysodea
                                (Ranunculus Moth); 9, Hecatera bicolorata
                                (Broad-barred White); 10, Hadena caesia; 11,
                                Hadena confusa (Marbled Coronet); 12, Hadena
                                compta; 13, Hadena bicruris (Lychnis); 14,
                                Hadena rivularis (Campion Moth); 15, Hadena
                                perplexa (Tawny Shears); 16, Hadena irregularis;
                                17, Episema trimacula, cf. E. tersa.
                                CUCULLIINAE. 18, Aporophyla nigra (Black
                                Rustic); 19, Ammoconia caecimacula; 20,
                                Polymixis polymita; 21, Polymixis flavicincta
                                (Large Ranunculus); 22, Antitype chi (Grey Chi).
                                From Kirby 39, with names updated.>

# \i{}Hadena\i0{} <Schrank>/
      haden03.jpg <@subject 10 British Hadena species, with Panolis and Egira:
                           Newman>
                  <@text x=287 y=238
                               t=1(a)-(e), Hadena perplexa (Tawny Shears,
                               various forms); 2, Hadena perplexa capsophila
                               (The Pod lover); 3, Hadena caesia mananii (The
                               Grey); 4, Hadena rivularis (The Campion); 5(a)
                               and (b), Hadena confusa (Marbled Coronet); 6(a),
                               Hadena bicruris (The Lychnis, typical form);
                               6(b), Hadena bicruris (unusual variety); 7(a) and
                               (b), Hadena luteago barrettii (Barrett's Marbled
                               Coronet); 7*, Hadena irregularis (Viper's
                               Bugloss); 8(a) and (b), Hadena albimacula (The
                               White Spot); 9(a)-(c), Egira (The Silver Cloud);
                               10, Panolis flammea (Pine Beauty). From Newman.>
      kirby039.jpg <@subject 7 species, with Hadeninae and Cuculliinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=921 y=5
                                t=HADENINAE. 1, Lacanobia thalassina
                                (Pale-shouldered Brocade); 2, Lacanobia suasa
                                (Dog's Tooth); 3, Lacanobia oleracea
                                (Bright-line Brown-eye); 4, Lacanobia w-latinum
                                (Light Brocade); 5, Hada plebeja (Shears); 6,
                                Dicestra trifolii (Nutmeg); 7, Heliophobus
                                reticulata; 8, Hecatera dysodea (Ranunculus
                                Moth); 9, Hecatera bicolorata (Broad-barred
                                White); \i{}10, Hadena caesia\i0{}; 11,
                                \i{}Hadena confusa (Marbled Coronet)\i0{};
                                \i{}12, Hadena compta\i0{}; \i{}13, Hadena
                                bicruris (Lychnis)\i0{}; \i{}14, Hadena
                                rivularis (Campion Moth)\i0{}; \i{}15, Hadena
                                perplexa (Tawny Shears)\i0{}; \i{}16, Hadena
                                irregularis\i0{}; 17, Episema trimacula, cf.
                                E. tersa. CUCULLIINAE. 18, Aporophyla nigra
                                (Black Rustic); 19, Ammoconia caecimacula; 20,
                                Polymixis polymita; 21, Polymixis flavicincta
                                (Large Ranunculus); 22, Antitype chi (Grey Chi).
                                From Kirby 39, with names updated.>
      kirbhad2.jpg <@subject Hadeninae (Hadena, Brithys): Kirby>
                   <@text x=124 y=914
                                t=HADENINAE. 15, Brithys crini (Kew Arches); 18,
                                Hadena perplexa; 19, Hadena luteago luteago (a
                                Mainland European form of the species). From
                                Kirby 52.>
      bent308.jpg <@subject Hadeninae: Hadena rivularis (The Campion: B. Ent.
                           308)>
      text3081.gif <@subject Hadeninae: Hadena rivularis: B. Ent., legend+text>
      text3082.gif <@subject Hadeninae: Hadena rivularis: B. Ent. 308, text
                            cont.>
      dpon051.jpg <@subject Larvae and pupae of H. bicruris, H. confusa, H.
                           albimacula: Duponchel and Gune (1849)>
                  <@text x=211 y=118
                               t=Noctuidae. 1, \i{}H. bicruris\i0{} (Lychnis).
                               2, \i{}H. confusa\i0{} (Marbled Coronet). 3,
                               \i{}H. albimacula\i0{} (White Spot). Duponchel
                               and Gune, 1849.>

# \i{}Hecatera\i0{} <Guene>/
      haden02.jpg <@subject H. dysodea (Small Ranunculus) and H. bicolorata
                           (Broad-barred White), and 4 related genera: Newman>
                  <@text x=278 y=111
                               t=1, Lacanobia contigua (Beautiful Brocade); 2,
                               Lacanobia w-latinum (Light Brocade); 3, Lacanobia
                               oleracea (Bright-line Brown-eye); 4(a)-(c),
                               Lacanobia thalassina (Pale-shouldered Brocade);
                               5, Lacanobia suasa (The Dog's Tooth); 6,
                               Lacanobia blenna (The Stranger); 7(a)-(c),
                               Lacanobia biren (Brindled Green); 8, Ceramica
                               pisi (The Broom Moth); 9, Cerapteryx graminis
                               (The Antler Moth); 10, HECATERA dysodea (Small
                               Ranunculus); 11, Hecatera bicolorata
                               (Broad-barred White); 12, Tholera cespitis (Hedge
                               Rustic); 13, Tholera decimalis (Feathered
                               Gothic). From Newman.>
                  <@text x=621 y=265 w=112 h=55 m
                         t=See notes for legend>
      kirby039.jpg <@subject H. dysodea (The Ranunculus), with Hadeninae and
                            Cuculliinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=921 y=5
                                t=HADENINAE. 1, Lacanobia thalassina
                                (Pale-shouldered Brocade); 2, Lacanobia suasa
                                (Dog's Tooth); 3, Lacanobia oleracea
                                (Bright-line Brown-eye); 4, Lacanobia w-latinum
                                (Light Brocade); 5, Hada plebeja (Shears); 6,
                                Dicestra trifolii (Nutmeg); 7, Heliophobus
                                reticulata; \i{}8, Hecatera dysodea (Ranunculus
                                Moth)\i0{}; 9, Hecatera bicolorata (Broad-barred
                                White); 10, Hadena caesia; 11, Hadena confusa
                                (Marbled Coronet); 12, Hadena compta; 13, Hadena
                                bicruris (Lychnis); 14, Hadena rivularis
                                (Campion Moth); 15, Hadena perplexa (Tawny
                                Shears); 16, Hadena irregularis; 17, Episema
                                trimacula, cf. E. tersa. CUCULLIINAE. 18,
                                Aporophyla nigra (Black Rustic); 19, Ammoconia
                                caecimacula; 20, Polymixis polymita; 21,
                                Polymixis flavicincta (Large Ranunculus); 22,
                                Antitype chi (Grey Chi). From Kirby 39, with
                                names updated.>
      dpon0102.jpg <@subject Larvae of H. dysodea (Small Ranunculus): Duponchel
                            and Gune (1849)>
                   <@text x=49 y=21
                                t=Noctuidae. \i{}H. dysodea\i0{} (Small
                                Ranunculus). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.>

# \i{}Helicoverpa\i0{} <Hardwick>/
      heliot01.jpg <@subject H. armigera (Scarce Bordered Straw), with other
                            Heliothidinae and Acontiinae: Newman>
                   <@text x=287 y=605
                                t=HELIOTHIDINAE. 1, Pyrrhia umbra (Bordered
                                Sallow); 2, \i{}Helicoverpa armigera\i0{}
                                (Scarce Bordered Straw); 3, Heliothis viriplaca
                                (Marbled Clover); 4, Heliothis peltigera
                                (Bordered Straw). ACONTIINAE. 5, Lithacodia
                                pygarga (Marbled White Spot); 6, Eustrotia
                                uncula (Silver Hook); 7, Eublemma ostrina
                                (Purple Marbled); 8, Eublemma parva (Small
                                Marbled); 9, Acontia lucida (Pale Shoulder); 10,
                                Deltote bankiana (Silver-Barred); 11, Emmelia
                                trabealis (Spotted Sulphur). From Newman, 1869.>

# \i{}Heliophobus\i0{} <Boisduval>/
      haden01.jpg <@subject Hadeninae: H. reticulata (Bordered Gothic), and 8
                           related genera (Newman)>
                  <@text x=906 y=13
                               t=1(a) and (b), Anarta myrtillae (Beautiful
                               Yellow Underwing); 2, Anarta melanopa
                               (Broad-bordered White Underwing); 3, Anarta
                               cordigera (Small Dark Yellow Underwing); 4,
                               Discestra trifolii (The Nutmeg); 5(a) and (b),
                               Polia nebulosa (Grey Arches, normal forms); 5(c)
                               and (d), Polia nebulosa (Grey Arches, varieties);
                               6, Polia trimaculosa (Silvery Arches); 7, Polia
                               bombycina (Pale-shining Brown); 8, Pachetra
                               sagittigera britannica (Feathered Ear); 9,
                               Sideridis albicolon (White Colon); 10, Melanchra
                               persicariae (The Dot); 11, Hada plebeja (The
                               Shears); 12, HELIOPHOBUS reticulata (Bordered
                               Gothic); 13, Mamestra brassicae (Cabbage Moth).
                               From Newman, 1869.>
      kirby039.jpg <@subject Hadeninae and Cuculliinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=921 y=5
                                t=HADENINAE. 1, Lacanobia thalassina
                                (Pale-shouldered Brocade); 2, Lacanobia suasa
                                (Dog's Tooth); 3, Lacanobia oleracea
                                (Bright-line Brown-eye); 4, Lacanobia w-latinum
                                (Light Brocade); 5, Hada plebeja (Shears); 6,
                                Dicestra trifolii (Nutmeg); \i{}7, Heliophobus
                                reticulata\i0{}; 8, Hecatera dysodea (Ranunculus
                                Moth); 9, Hecatera bicolorata (Broad-barred
                                White); 10, Hadena caesia; 11, Hadena confusa
                                (Marbled Coronet); 12, Hadena compta; 13, Hadena
                                bicruris (Lychnis); 14, Hadena rivularis
                                (Campion Moth); 15, Hadena perplexa (Tawny
                                Shears); 16, Hadena irregularis; 17, Episema
                                trimacula, cf. E. tersa. CUCULLIINAE. 18,
                                Aporophyla nigra (Black Rustic); 19, Ammoconia
                                caecimacula; 20, Polymixis polymita; 21,
                                Polymixis flavicincta (Large Ranunculus); 22,
                                Antitype chi (Grey Chi). From Kirby 39, with
                                names updated.>

# \i{}Heliothis\i0{} <Ochsenheimer>/
      heliot01.jpg <@subject H. peltigera (Bordered Straw) and H. viriplaca
                            (Marbled Clover), with other Heliothidinae and
                            Acontiinae: Newman>
                   <@text x=287 y=605
                                t=HELIOTHIDINAE. 1, Pyrrhia umbra (Bordered
                                Sallow); 2, Helicoverpa armigera (Scarce
                                Bordered Straw); 3, \i{}Heliothis viriplaca\i0{}
                                (Marbled Clover); 4, \i{}Heliothis
                                peltigera\i0{} (Bordered Straw). ACONTIINAE. 5,
                                Lithacodia pygarga (Marbled White Spot); 6,
                                Eustrotia uncula (Silver Hook); 7, Eublemma
                                ostrina (Purple Marbled); 8, Eublemma parva
                                (Small Marbled); 9, Acontia lucida (Pale
                                Shoulder); 10, Deltote bankiana (Silver-Barred);
                                11, Emmelia trabealis (Spotted Sulphur). From
                                Newman, 1869.>
      kirby042.jpg <@subject Acontiinae, Amphipyrinae, Hadeninae and
                            Heliothidinae: Kirby 42 (part)>
                   <@text x=897 y=169
                                t=ACONTIINAE. 13, Acontia lucida (Pale
                                Shoulder); 17, Eublemma minutata (Scarce
                                Marbled); 18, Deltote bankiana (Silver Barred);
                                19, Eustrotia uncula (Silver Hook); 20,
                                Lithacodia deceptoria (Pretty Marbled); 21,
                                Lithacodia pygarga (Marbled White Spot); 22,
                                Emmelia trabealis (Spotted Sulphur).
                                AMPHIPYRINAE. 5, Panemeria tenebrata (Small
                                Yellow Underwing). HADENINAE. 3, Anarta myrtilli
                                (Beautiful Yellow Underwing); 4, Anarta
                                cordigera (Small Dark Yellow Underwing).
                                HELIOTHIDINAE. \b{}8. Heliothis viriplaca
                                (Marbled Clover)\b0{}; 9, Protoschinia scutosa
                                (Spotted Clover); \b{}10, Heliothis peltigera
                                (Bordered Straw)\b0{}; 11, Periphanes delphinii
                                (Pease Blossom); 12, Pyrrhia umbra (Bordered
                                Sallow) . CATOCALINAE. 28, Minucia lunaris
                                (Lunar Double Stripe).>

# \i{}Herminia\i0{} <Latreille>/
      leech022.jpg <@subject H. grisealis, with Macrochilo cribrumalis and
                            Laspeyria flexula: Leech, 1886>
                   <@text x=826 y=901
                                t=NOCTUIDAE-HERMINIINAE. 1, \b{}Herminia
                                grisealis\b0{} Small Fan-foot). 2,
                                \i{}Macrochilo cribrumalis\i0{} (Dotted
                                Fan-foot). NOCTUIDAE-RIVULINAE. 3, \i{}Laspeyria
                                flexula\i0{} (Beautiful Hook-tip). From Leech,
                                1886.>
      south147.jpg <@subject British Hypeninae (1: Fan-foot Moths)>
                   <@text x=444 y=70
                                t=1(a) and (b), Zanclognatha tarsipennalis (The
                                Fan-foot); \i{}2(a) and (b), Herminia grisealis
                                (Small Fan-foot)\i0{}; 3(a) and (b), Macrochilo
                                cribrumalis (Dotted Fan-foot); 4, Paracolax
                                tristalis (Clay Fan-foot); 5, Trisateles
                                emortualis (Olive Crescent); 6(a) and (b),
                                Pechipogo strigilata (Common Fan-foot). Swain,
                                1961.>
      kirbyhyp.jpg <@subject Ophiderinae and Hypeninae: Kirby 44>
                   <@text x=870 y=20
                                t=OPHIDERINAE. 1, Laspeyria flexula (Beautiful
                                Hook-tip); 2, Parascotia fuliginaria (Waved
                                Black); 5, Colobochyla salicalis (Lesser Belle).
                                HYPENINAE. \i{}3, Herminia grisealis (Small
                                Fan-foot)\i0{}; \i{}4, Herminia tarsicrinalis
                                (Fan-foot)\i0{}; 6, Polypogon tentacularia; 7,
                                Pechipogo strigilata (Common Fan-foot); 8,
                                Hypena crassalis (Beautiful Snout); 9, Hypena
                                proboscidalis (Snout); 10, Hypena obesalis
                                (Paignton Snout). From Kirby.>

# \i{}Hoplodrina\i0{} <Boursin>/
      amphip04.jpg <@subject H. alsines (The Uncertain) and H. Blanda (The
                            Rustic), with 14 related genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=334 y=144
                                t=1, Panemeria tenebrata (Small Yellow
                                Underwing); 2, Elaphria venustula (The Rosy
                                Marbled); 3, Archanara geminipuncta
                                (Twin-spotted Wainscot); 4(a) and (b), Archanara
                                dissoluta (Brown-veined Wainscot); 5, Archanara
                                algae ( Reed Wainscot); 6, Oria musculosa
                                (Brighton Wainscot); 7, Rhizedra lutosa (Large
                                Wainscot); 8(a)-(d), Charanyca trigrammica
                                (Treble Lines); 9, Arenostola phragmitidis (Fen
                                Wainscot); 10, HOPLODRINA alsines (The
                                Uncertain); 11, HOPLODRINA blanda (The Rustic);
                                12, Caradrina morpheus (Mottled Rustic); 13,
                                Caradrina clavipalpis (Pale Mottled Willow);
                                14(a)-(d), Chilodes peltigera (Silky Wainscot);
                                15, Stilbia anomala (The Anomalous); 16,
                                Spodoptera exigua (Small Mottled Willow); 17,
                                Acosmetia caliginosa (The Reddish Buff); 18,
                                Coenobia rufa (Small Rufous); 19, Athetis
                                pallustris (Marsh Moth). From Newman, 1869.>

# \i{}Hydraecia\i0{} <Guene>/
      amphip03.jpg <@subject H. micacea (Rosy Rustic) and H. petasitis (The
                            Butterbur), with 6 related genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=710 y=87
                                t=1(a) and (b), Photedes captiuncula (Least
                                Minor); 2(a)-(c), Photedes pygmina (Small
                                Wainscot); 3(a) and (b), Photedes minima (Small
                                Dotted Buff); 4, Photedes elymi (The Lyme
                                Grass); 5, Photedes morrisii (Bond's Wainscot);
                                6, Photedes brevilinea (Fenn's Wainscot); 7(a)
                                and (b), Photedes extrema (The Concolorous);
                                8(a) and (b), Photedes fluxa (Mere Wainscot);
                                9(a) and (b), Amphipoea spp. (The Ear -
                                requiring examination of genitalia to
                                distinguish the species); 10, Luperina testacea
                                (Flounced Rustic); 11, Luperina dumerilii
                                (Dumeril's Luperina); 12, HYDRAECIA micacea
                                (Rosy Rustic); 13, HYDRAECIA petasitis (The
                                Butterbur); 14, Gortyna flavago (Frosted
                                Orange); 15(a) and (b), Celaena leucostigma
                                leucostigma (The Crescent) 16, Celaena haworthii
                                (Haworth's Minor); 17(a) and (b), Nonagria
                                typhae (The Bullrush). From Newman, 1869.>
      bent252.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae: Hydraecia micacea (Rosy Rustic, Rosy
                           Ear: B. Ent. 252)>
      text2521.gif <@subject Hydraecia micacea: B. Ent. 252, legend+text>
      text2522.gif <@subject Hydraecia micacea: B. Ent. 252, text cont.>

# \i{}Hypena\i0{} <Schrank>/
      leech011.jpg <@subject H. crassalis (Beautiful Snout), H. proboscidalis
                            (Snout) and H. rostralis Buttoned Snout), with
                            Herminiinae, Hypeninae and Rivulinae: Leech, 1886>
                   <@text x=469 y=30
                                t=NOCTUIDAE-RIVULINAE. 1. \i{}Colobochyla
                                salicalis\i0{} (Lesser Belle). 9, \i{}Rivula
                                sericealis\i0{}(Straw Dot). HYPENINAE. 2,
                                \b{}Hypena proboscidalis\b0{} (Snout); 3,
                                \b{}Hypena rostralis\b0{} (Buttoned Snout); 4,
                                \b{}Hypena crassalis\b0{} (Beautiful Snout. 4,
                                \b{}Schrankia taenialis\b0{} (White-line Snout);
                                6, \i{}Schrankia costaestrigalis\i0{}
                                (Pinion-streaked Snout). 7, \i{}Hypenodes
                                humidalis\i0{} (Marsh Oblique-barred).
                                HERMINIINAE. 8, \i{}Trisateles emortualis\i0{}
                                (Olive Crescent). 10, \i{}Paracolax
                                tristalis\i0{} (Clay Fan-foot). 11,
                                \i{}Pechipogo strigulata\i0{} (Common Fan-foot).
                                12, \i{}Zanclognatha tarsipennalis\i0{} (The
                                Fan-foot). Leech, 1886.>
      south144.jpg <@subject British Hypeninae (2: Snouts)>
                   <@text x=445 y=152
                                t=1(a) and (b), Hypena crassalis (Beautiful
                                Snout); 2, Hypena proboscidalis (The Snout); 3,
                                Hypena obsetalis (Bloxworth Snout); 4, Hypena
                                obesalis (Paignton Snout); 5(a) and (b), Hypena
                                rostralis (Buttoned Snout); 6(a) and (b),
                                Schrankia taenialis (White-line Snout); 7,
                                Hypenodes humidalis (Marsh Oblique-barred); 8(a)
                                and (b), Schrankia costaestrigalis
                                (Pinion-streaked Snout). Swain, 1961.>
      kirbyhyp.jpg <@subject Ophiderinae and Hypeninae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=870 y=20
                                t=OPHIDERINAE. 1, Laspeyria flexula (Beautiful
                                Hook-tip); 2, Parascotia fuliginaria (Waved
                                Black); 5, Colobochyla salicalis (Lesser Belle).
                                HYPENINAE. 3, Herminia grisealis (Small
                                Fan-foot); 4, Herminia tarsicrinalis (Fan-foot);
                                6, Polypogon tentacularia; 7, Pechipogo
                                strigilata (Common Fan-foot); 8, \i{}Hypena
                                crassalis\i0{} (Beautiful Snout); 9, \i{}Hypena
                                proboscidalis\i0{} (Snout); 10, \i{}Hypena
                                obesalis\i0{} (Paignton Snout). From Kirby 44.>
      bent288.jpg <@subject Hypeninae: Hypena crassalis (Beautiful Snout: B.
                           Ent. 288)>
      text2881.gif <@subject Hypeninae: Hypena crassalis: B. Ent. 288,
                            legend+text>
      text2882.gif <@subject Hypeninae: Hypena crassalis: B. Ent. 288, text
                            cont.>

# \i{}Hypenodes\i0{} <Doubleday>/
      leech011.jpg <@subject H. humidalis (Marsh Oblique-barred), with
                            Herminiinae, Hypeninae and Rivulinae: Leech, 1886>
                   <@text x=469 y=30
                                t=NOCTUIDAE-RIVULINAE. 1. \i{}Colobochyla
                                salicalis\i0{} (Lesser Belle). 9, \i{}Rivula
                                sericealis\i0{}(Straw Dot). HYPENINAE. 2,
                                \i{}Hypena proboscidalis\i0{} (Snout); 3,
                                \i{}Hypena rostralis\i0{} (Buttoned Snout); 4,
                                \i{}Hypena crassalis\i0{} (Beautiful Snout. 4,
                                \i{}Schrankia taenialis\i0{} (White-line Snout);
                                6, \i{}Schrankia costaestrigalis\i0{}
                                (Pinion-streaked Snout). 7, \b{}Hypenodes
                                humidalis\b0{} (Marsh Oblique-barred).
                                HERMINIINAE. 8, \i{}Trisateles emortualis\i0{}
                                (Olive Crescent). 10, \i{}Paracolax
                                tristalis\i0{} (Clay Fan-foot). 11,
                                \i{}Pechipogo strigulata\i0{} (Common Fan-foot).
                                12, \i{}Zanclognatha tarsipennalis\i0{} (The
                                Fan-foot). Leech, 1886.>
      south144.jpg <@subject British Hypeninae (2: Snouts)>
                   <@text x=445 y=152
                                t=1(a) and (b), Hypena crassalis (Beautiful
                                Snout); 2, Hypena proboscidalis (The Snout); 3,
                                Hypena obsetalis (Bloxworth Snout); 4, Hypena
                                obesalis (Paignton Snout); 5(a) and (b), Hypena
                                rostralis (Buttoned Snout); 6(a) and (b),
                                Schrankia taenialis (White-line Snout); 7,
                                HYPENODES humidalis (Marsh Oblique-barred); 8(a)
                                and (b), Schrankia costaestrigalis
                                (Pinion-streaked Snout). Swain, 1961.>

# \i{}Hyppa\i0{} <Duponchel>/
      amphip02.jpg <@subject H. rectilinea (The Saxon), with 7 related genera:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=281 y=250
                                t=1, Enargia paleacea (Angle-striped Sallow); 2,
                                Parastichtis ypsillon (The Dismal, Dingy
                                Shears); 3, Dicycla oo (The Heart Moth); 4,
                                Mesoligia literosa (Rosy Minor); 5,(a)-(c),
                                Mesoligia furuncula (Cloaked Minor); 6, Eremobia
                                ochroleuca (Dusky Sallow); 7(a)-(c), Cosmia
                                trapezina (The Dun-bar); 8, Cosmia affinis
                                (Lesser-spotted Pinion); 9, Cosmia pyralina
                                (Lunar-spotted Pinion); 10, Cosmia diffinis
                                (White-spotted Pinion); 11, \i{}Hyppa
                                rectilinea\i0{} (The Saxon); 12(a)-(d), Oligia
                                strigilis (Marbled Minor); 13, Oligia
                                fasciuncula (Middle-barred Minor); 14(a)-(e),
                                Mesapamea secalis (Common Rustic). From Newman,
                                1869.>
      kirby040.jpg <@subject H. rectilinea, with Cuculliinae, Amphipyrinae and
                            Noctuinae: Kirby 40>
                   <@text x=917 y=8
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Dryobotodes eremita (Brindled
                                Green); 2, Dichonia aprilina
                                (Merveille-du-Jour); 3, Lamprosticta culta; 4,
                                Meganephria bimaculosa (Double-spot Brocade); 5,
                                Allophyes oxyacanthae (Green-brindled Crescent);
                                6, Valeria oleagina (Green Brindled Dot); 10,
                                Blepharita satura (Beautiful Arches); 11,
                                Eremobia ochroleuca (Dusky Sallow); \i{}22,
                                Hyppa rectilinea (Clouded Brocade)\i0{}; 23,
                                Auchmis detersa. AMPHIPYRINAE. 7, Luperina
                                testacea (Flounced Rustic); 8, Thalophila matura
                                (Straw Underwing); 9, Calamia tridens virens
                                (Burren Green); 12, Apamea lateritia (Scarce
                                Brindle); 13, Apamea monoglypha (Dark Arches);
                                14, Apamea lithoxylaea (Light Arches); 15,
                                Apamea sordens (Rustic Shoulder-knot); 16,
                                Apamea crenata (Clouded-bordered Brindle); 17,
                                Apamea remissa (Dusky Brocade); 18, Mesapamea
                                secalis (Common Rustic); 19, Oligia strigilis
                                (Marbled Minor); 20, Mesoligia furuncula
                                (Cloaked Minor); 21, Dypterygia scabriuscula
                                (Bird's Wing); 25, Callopistria juventina; 26,
                                Polyphaenis sericata. NOCTUINAE. 24, Actinotia
                                polyodon (Purple Cloud). From Kirby 40, with
                                names updated.>

# \i{}Ipimorpha\i0{} <Hbner>/
      amphip01.jpg <@subject I. retusa (The Small Olive) and I. subtusa (The
                            Olive), with 8 related genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=518 y=187
                                t=1(a) and (b), Mormo maura (The Old Lady); 2,
                                Amphipyra pyramidea (Copper Underwing); 3,
                                Amphipyra tragopoginis (The Mouse); 4,
                                Dypterygia scabriuscula (The Bird's Wing); 5,
                                Thalpophila matura (Straw Underwing); 6(a) and
                                (b), Rusina ferruginea (Brown Rustic); 7,
                                Trachea aptriplicis (The Orache Moth); 8,
                                Euplexia lucipara (Small Angle-shades); 9,
                                Phlogophora meticulosa (The Angle Shades); 10,
                                IPIMORPHA subtusa (The Olive); 11, IPIMORPHA
                                retusa (The Small Olive). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirbamp1.jpg <@subject Amphipyrinae: Kirby 36 (part) and 38 (part)>
                   <@text x=131 y=7
                                t=AMPHIPYRINAE. 1, Trachea atriplicis (Orache
                                Moth); 2, Euplexia lucipara (Small
                                Angle-shades); 4, Phlogophora meticulosa
                                (Angle-shades); 5, Mormo maura (Old Lady); 8,
                                Amphipoea oculea (Golden Ear); 9, Gortyna
                                flavago (Frosted Orange); 10, Archanara cannae
                                (Reed Wainscot); 11, Nonagria typhae (Bulllrush
                                Moth); 12, Diclya 00 (Heart); 13, Cosmia
                                pyralina (Lunar-spotted Pinion); 14, Cosmia
                                diffinis (White-spotted Pinion); 15, Cosmia
                                affinis (Lesser-spotted Pinion); 16, Cosmia
                                trapezina (Dun Bar); 17, \i{}Ipimorpha
                                retusa\i0{} (Double Kidney); 21, Amphipyra
                                tragopogonis (Mouse); 22, Amphipyra pyramidea
                                Copper Underwing).>

# \i{}Jodia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      cucull02.jpg <@subject J. croceago (Orange Upper-wing), and 8 related
                            genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=667 y=130
                                t=1(a), Blepharita satura (Beautiful Brocade);
                                1(b), Blepharita adusta (Dark Brocade); 2,
                                Polymixis flavicincta (Large Ranunculus); 3,
                                Polymixis xanthomista xanthomista (The
                                Black-banded); 4, Parastichtis suspecta (The
                                Suspected); 5(a)-(c), Antitype chi (Grey Chi);
                                6(a) and (b), Eupsilia transversa (The
                                Satellite); 7(a) and (b), Eumichtis lichenea
                                (Feathered Ranunculus); 8, JODIA croceago
                                (Orange Upper-wing); 9, Conistra vaccinii (The
                                Chestnut); 10, Conistra ligula (Dark Chestnut);
                                11, Conistra rubiginea (Dotted Chestnut); 12,
                                Conistra erythrocephala (Red-headed Chestnut);
                                13(a) and (b), Omphaloscelis lunosa (Lunar
                                Underwing). From Newman (1869).>
                   <@text x=790 y=204
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Xanthia gilvago (Dusky Lemon
                                Sallow); 2, Jodia croceago (Orange Upper-wing);
                                3, Mecoptera fragariae, = ?; 4, Conistra
                                erythrocephala (Red-headed Chestnut); 5,
                                Orrhodia silene, = ?; 6, Conistra vacciniae
                                (Chestnut); 7, Conistra rubiginea (Dotted
                                Chestnut); 8, Eupsilia transversa (Satellite);
                                10, Lithophane socia (Pale Pinion); 11,
                                Lithophane furcifera; 12, Lithophane ornitopus
                                (Grey Shoulder-knot); 13, Xylena vetusta (Red
                                Sword-Grass); 14, Xylena exsoleta (Sword-Grass);
                                15, Lithomoia solidaginis (Golden-rod Brindle);
                                17, Brachionycha nebulosa (Rannoch Sprawler);
                                18, Brachionycha sphinx (Sprawler); 19,
                                Calophasia opalina; 20, Calophasia lunula
                                (Toadflax Brocade). OPHIDERINAE. 9, Scoliopteryx
                                libatrix (Herald). From Kirby 37, with updated
                                names.>
      dpon052.jpg <@subject Larvae and pupae: J. croceago, Conistra rubiginea,
                           Agrochola lychnidis: Duponchel and Gune (1849)>
                  <@text x=678 y=826
                               t=Noctuidae. 1, \i{}Jodia croceago\i0{} (Orange
                               Upperwing). 2, \i{}Conistra rubiginea\i0{}
                               (Dotted Chestnut). 3, \i{}Agrochola
                               lychnidis\i0{} (Beaded Chestnut). Duponchel and
                               Gune, 1849.>

# \i{}Lacanobia\i0{} <Billberg>/
      haden02.jpg <@subject The 7 British species, with related genera: Newman>
                  <@text x=273 y=114
                               t=1, LACANOBIA contigua (Beautiful Brocade); 2,
                               LACANOBIA w-latinum (Light Brocade); 3, LACANOBIA
                               oleracea (Bright-line Brown-eye); 4(a)-(c),
                               LACANOBIA (Pale-shouldered Brocade); 5, LACANOBIA
                               suasa (The Dog's Tooth); 6, LACANOBIA (The
                               Stranger); 7(a)-(c), LACANOBIA biren (Brindled
                               Green); 8, Ceramica pisi (The Broom Moth); 9,
                               Cerapteryx graminis (The Antler Moth); 10,
                               Hecatera dysodea (Small Ranunculus); 11, Hecatera
                               bicolorata (Broad-barred White); 12, Tholera
                               cespitis (Hedge Rustic); 13, Tholera decimalis
                               (Feathered Gothic).>
      kirby039.jpg <@subject 4 spcies, with Hadeninae and Cuculliinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=921 y=5
                                t=HADENINAE. 1, Lacanobia thalassina
                                (Pale-shouldered Brocade); 2, Lacanobia suasa
                                (Dog's Tooth); 3, Lacanobia oleracea
                                (Bright-line Brown-eye); 4, Lacanobia w-latinum
                                (Light Brocade); 5, Hada plebeja (Shears); 6,
                                Dicestra trifolii (Nutmeg); 7, Heliophobus
                                reticulata; 8, Hecatera dysodea (Ranunculus
                                Moth); 9, Hecatera bicolorata (Broad-barred
                                White); 10, Hadena caesia; 11, Hadena confusa
                                (Marbled Coronet); 12, Hadena compta; 13, Hadena
                                bicruris (Lychnis); 14, Hadena rivularis
                                (Campion Moth); 15, Hadena perplexa (Tawny
                                Shears); 16, Hadena irregularis; 17, Episema
                                trimacula, cf. E. tersa. CUCULLIINAE. 18,
                                Aporophyla nigra (Black Rustic); 19, Ammoconia
                                caecimacula; 20, Polymixis polymita; 21,
                                Polymixis flavicincta (Large Ranunculus); 22,
                                Antitype chi (Grey Chi). From Kirby 39, with
                                names updated.>
      kirby035.jpg <@subject Noctuinae (1-10) and Hadeninae: Kirby 35>
                   <@text x=450 y=333
                                t=NOCTUINAE. 1,Rhacia simulans (True Lover's
                                Knot); 2, Acylia putris (Flame); 3, Agrotis
                                exclamationis (Heart and Dart); 4, Euxoa tritica
                                (White Line Dart); 5, Agrotis ipsilon (Dark
                                Sword-grass); 6, Agrotis segetum (Common Dart,
                                or Turnip Moth); 7, Agrotis vestigialis
                                (Archer's Dart); 8, Ochropleura praecox
                                (Portland Moth); 9, Anaplectoides prasina (Green
                                Arches); 10, Eurois occulta (Great Brocade).
                                HADENINAE. 11, Cerapteryx graminis (Antler
                                Moth); 12, Tholera decimalis (Feathered Gothic);
                                13, Pacheta sagittigera (Feathered Ear); 14,
                                Polia bombycina (Pale Shinibg Brown); 15, Polia
                                trimaculosa (Silvery Arches); 16, Polia nebulosa
                                (Grey Arches); 17, \i{}Lacanobia contigua\i0{}
                                (Beautiful Brocade); 18, Ceramica pisi (Broom
                                Moth); 19, Mamestra brassicae (Cabbage Moth);
                                20, Melanchra persicariae (Dot).>

# \i{}Lacinipolia\i0{} <McDunnough>/

# \i{}Laspeyria\i0{} <Germar>/
      kirbyhyp.jpg <@subject L. flexula (Beautiful Hook-tip), with other
                            Ophiderinae and Hypeninae: Kirby 44>
                   <@text x=870 y=20
                                t=OPHIDERINAE. \i{}1, Laspeyria flexula
                                (Beautiful Hook-tip)\i0{}; 2, Parascotia
                                fuliginaria (Waved Black); 5, Colobochyla
                                salicalis (Lesser Belle). HYPENINAE. 3, Herminia
                                grisealis (Small Fan-foot); 4, Herminia
                                tarsicrinalis (Fan-foot); 6, Polypogon
                                tentacularia; 7, Pechipogo strigilata (Common
                                Fan-foot); 8, Hypena crassalis (Beautiful
                                Snout); 9, Hypena proboscidalis (Snout); 10,
                                Hypena obesalis (Paignton Snout). From Kirby
                                44.>
      leech022.jpg <@subject L. flexula, with Macrochilo cribrumalis and
                            Herminia grisealis: Leech, 1886>
                   <@text x=826 y=901
                                t=NOCTUIDAE-HERMINIINAE. 1, \i{}\i{}Herminia
                                grisealis\i0{}\i0{} Small Fan-foot). 2,
                                \i{}Macrochilo cribrumalis\i0{} (Dotted
                                Fan-foot). NOCTUIDAE-RIVULINAE. 3, \i{}Laspeyria
                                flexula\i0{} (Beautiful Hook-tip). From Leech,
                                1886.>
      ophid02.jpg <@subject British Ophiderinae>
                  <@text x=429 y=133
                               t=1, Tyta luctuosa (The Four-spotted); 2*,
                               Tathorhynchus exsiccata (Levant Blackneck:
                               Amphipyrinae); 3, Lygephila pastinum (Blackneck);
                               4, Lygephila cracca (Scarce Blackneck); 5,
                               Colobochyla salicalis (Lesser Belle); 6, Rivula
                               sericealis (Straw Dot); 7, Scoliopteryx libatrix
                               (Herald); 8, Phytometra viridaria (Small
                               Purple-barred); 9, Parascotia fuliginaria (Waved
                               Black); 10, \i{}Laspeyria flexula\i0{} (Beautiful
                               Hook-tip). Swain, 1961.>

# \i{}Leucochlaena\i0{} <Hampson>/
      cucull01.jpg <@subject L. oditis (Beautiful Gothic), and 9 related genera>
                   <@text x=286 y=231
                                t=1(a) and (b), Cleoceris viminalis (Minor
                                Shoulder-knot); 2, \i{}Leucochlaena oditis\i0{}
                                (Beautiful Gothic); 3(a)-(c), Dryobotodes
                                eremita (Brindled Green); 4(a)-(c), Dasypolia
                                templi (Brindled Ochre); 5, Lithomoia
                                solidaginis (Golden-rod Brindle); 6, Valeria
                                oleagina (Green-brindled Dot); 7(a) and (b),
                                Aporophyla australis pascuea (Feathered
                                Brindle); 8(a) and (b), Aporophyla lutulenta
                                lutulenta (Deep-brown Dart); 9(a) and (b),
                                Aporophyla nigra (Black Rustic); 10(a) and (b),
                                Allophyes oxyacanthae (Green-brindled Crescent);
                                11, Trigonophora flammea (Flame Brocade); 12(a)
                                and (b), Dichonia aprilina (Merveille-du-jour).
                                From Newman, 1869.>

# \i{}Lithacodia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      bent356.jpg <@subject Acontiinae: Lithacodia pygarga (Marbled White-spot:
                           B. Ent. 356)>
      heliot01.jpg <@subject L. pygarga (Marbled White-spot), with other
                            Heliothidinae and Acontiinae: Newman>
                   <@text x=287 y=605
                                t=HELIOTHIDINAE. 1, Pyrrhia umbra (Bordered
                                Sallow); 2, Helicoverpa armigera (Scarce
                                Bordered Straw); 3, Heliothis viriplaca (Marbled
                                Clover); 4, Heliothis peltigera (Bordered
                                Straw). ACONTIINAE. 5, \i{}Lithacodia
                                pygarga\i0{} (Marbled White Spot); 6, Eustrotia
                                uncula (Silver Hook); 7, Eublemma ostrina
                                (Purple Marbled); 8, Eublemma parva (Small
                                Marbled); 9, Acontia lucida (Pale Shoulder); 10,
                                Deltote bankiana (Silver-Barred); 11, Emmelia
                                trabealis (Spotted Sulphur). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirby042.jpg <@subject L. deceptoria (Pretty Marbled) and L.
                            pygarga(Marbled White-spot), with other Acontiinae,
                            Amphipyrinae, Hadeninae and Heliothidinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=897 y=169
                                t=ACONTIINAE. 13, Acontia lucida (Pale
                                Shoulder); 17, Eublemma minutata (Scarce
                                Marbled); 18, Deltote bankiana (Silver Barred);
                                19, Eustrotia uncula (Silver Hook); \b{}20,
                                Lithacodia deceptoria (Pretty Marbled); 21,
                                Lithacodia pygarga (Marbled White Spot)\b0{};
                                22, Emmelia trabealis (Spotted Sulphur).
                                AMPHIPYRINAE. 5, Panemeria tenebrata (Small
                                Yellow Underwing). HADENINAE. 3, Anarta myrtilli
                                (Beautiful Yellow Underwing); 4, Anarta
                                cordigera (Small Dark Yellow Underwing).
                                HELIOTHIDINAE. 8. Heliothis viriplaca (Marbled
                                Clover); 9, Protoschinia scutosa (Spotted
                                Clover); 10, Heliothis peltigera (Bordered
                                Straw); 11, Periphanes delphinii (Pease
                                Blossom); 12, Pyrrhia umbra (Bordered Sallow) .
                                CATOCALINAE. 28, Minucia lunaris (Lunar Double
                                Stripe). From Kirby 42.>

# \i{}Lithomoia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      bent6831.jpg <@subject Lithomoia solidaginis (Golden-rod Brindle): B. Ent.
                            683>
      text6831.gif <@subject Lithomoia solidaginis: B. Ent. 683, legend+text>
      text6832.gif <@subject Lithomoia solidaginis: B. Ent. 683, text cont.>
      cucull01.jpg <@subject L. solidaginis (Golden-rod Brindle)s, and 9 related
                            genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=286 y=231
                                t=1(a) and (b), Cleoceris viminalis (Minor
                                Shoulder-knot); 2, Leucochlaena oditis
                                (Beautiful Gothic); 3(a)-(c), Dryobotodes
                                eremita (Brindled Green); 4(a)-(c), Dasypolia
                                templi (Brindled Ochre); 5, \i{}Lithomoia
                                solidaginis\i0{} (Golden-rod Brindle); 6,
                                Valeria oleagina (Green-brindled Dot); 7(a) and
                                (b), Aporophyla australis pascuea (Feathered
                                Brindle); 8(a) and (b), Aporophyla lutulenta
                                lutulenta (Deep-brown Dart); 9(a) and (b),
                                Aporophyla nigra (Black Rustic); 10(a) and (b),
                                Allophyes oxyacanthae (Green-brindled Crescent);
                                11, Trigonophora flammea (Flame Brocade); 12(a)
                                and (b), Dichonia aprilina (Merveille-du-jour).
                                From Newman, 1869.>
      kirbcuc1.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae: Kirby 37>
                   <@text x=790 y=204
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Xanthia gilvago (Dusky Lemon
                                Sallow); 2, Jodia croceago (Orange Upper-wing);
                                3, Mecoptera fragariae, = ?; 4, Conistra
                                erythrocephala (Red-headed Chestnut); 5,
                                Orrhodia silene, = ?; 6, Conistra vacciniae
                                (Chestnut); 7, Conistra rubiginea (Dotted
                                Chestnut); 8, Eupsilia transversa (Satellite);
                                10, Lithophane socia (Pale Pinion); 11,
                                Lithophane furcifera; 12, Lithophane ornitopus
                                (Grey Shoulder-knot); 13, Xylena vetusta (Red
                                Sword-Grass); 14, Xylena exsoleta (Sword-Grass);
                                \i{}15, Lithomoia solidaginis (Golden-rod
                                Brindle)\i0{}; 17, Brachionycha nebulosa
                                (Rannoch Sprawler); 18, Brachionycha sphinx
                                (Sprawler); 19, Calophasia opalina; 20,
                                Calophasia lunula (Toadflax Brocade).
                                OPHIDERINAE. 9, Scoliopteryx libatrix (Herald).
                                From Kirby 37, with updated names.>

# \i{}Lithophane\i0{} <Hbner>/
      cucull05.jpg <@subject 5 British Lithophane species, with Calophasia and
                            Meganephria>
                   <@text x=873 y=16
                                t=1, \i{}Lithophane semibrunnea\i0{} (Tawny
                                Pinion); 2, \i{}Lithophane hepatica\i0{} (Pale
                                Pinion); 3, \i{}Lithophane ornitopus\i0{} (Grey
                                Shoulder-knot); 4, \i{}Lithophane furcifera\i0{}
                                (The Conformist); 5(a) and (b), \i{}Lithophane
                                lambda\i0{} (The Nonconformist); 6, Meganephria
                                bimaculosa (Double-spot Brocade); 7, Calophasia
                                lunula (Toadflax Brocade); 8, Calophasia
                                platyptera (Antirrhinum Brocade).>
      step0213.jpg <@subject Lithophane semibrunnea (Tawny Pinion): Stephens II,
                            1830>
      kirbcuc1.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae: Kirby 37>
                   <@text x=790 y=204
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Xanthia gilvago (Dusky Lemon
                                Sallow); 2, Jodia croceago (Orange Upper-wing);
                                3, Mecoptera fragariae, = ?; 4, Conistra
                                erythrocephala (Red-headed Chestnut); 5,
                                Orrhodia silene, = ?; 6, Conistra vacciniae
                                (Chestnut); 7, Conistra rubiginea (Dotted
                                Chestnut); 8, Eupsilia transversa (Satellite);
                                \i{}10, Lithophane socia (Pale Pinion)\i0{}; 11,
                                \i{}Lithophane furcifera (The Conformist)\i0{};
                                \i{}12, Lithophane ornitopus (Grey
                                Shoulder-knot)\i0{}; 13, Xylena vetusta (Red
                                Sword-Grass); 14, Xylena exsoleta (Sword-Grass);
                                15, Lithomoia solidaginis (Golden-rod Brindle);
                                17, Brachionycha nebulosa (Rannoch Sprawler);
                                18, Brachionycha sphinx (Sprawler); 19,
                                Calophasia opalina; 20, Calophasia lunula
                                (Toadflax Brocade). OPHIDERINAE. 9, Scoliopteryx
                                libatrix (Herald). From Kirby 37, with updated
                                names.>

# \i{}Luperina\i0{} <Boisduval>/
      amphip03.jpg <@subject L. dumerilii (Dumerils Luperina) and L. testacea
                            (Flounced Rustic), with 6 related genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=710 y=87
                                t=1(a) and (b), Photedes captiuncula (Least
                                Minor); 2(a)-(c), Photedes pygmina (Small
                                Wainscot); 3(a) and (b), Photedes minima (Small
                                Dotted Buff); 4, Photedes elymi (The Lyme
                                Grass); 5, Photedes morrisii (Bond's Wainscot);
                                6, Photedes brevilinea (Fenn's Wainscot); 7(a)
                                and (b), Photedes extrema (The Concolorous);
                                8(a) and (b), Photedes fluxa (Mere Wainscot);
                                9(a) and (b), Amphipoea spp. (The Ear -
                                requiring examination of genitalia to
                                distinguish the species); 10, LUPERINA testacea
                                (Flounced Rustic); 11, LUPERINA dumerilii
                                (Dumeril's Luperina); 12, Hydraecia micacea
                                (Rosy Rustic); 13, Hydraecia petasitis (The
                                Butterbur); 14, Gortyna flavago (Frosted
                                Orange); 15(a) and (b), Celaena leucostigma
                                leucostigma (The Crescent) 16, Celaena haworthii
                                (Haworth's Minor); 17(a) and (b), Nonagria
                                typhae (The Bullrush). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirby040.jpg <@subject L. testacea (Flounced Rustic), with Cuculliinae,
                            Amphipyrinae and Noctuinae: Kirby 40>
                   <@text x=917 y=8
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Dryobotodes eremita (Brindled
                                Green); 2, Dichonia aprilina
                                (Merveille-du-Jour); 3, Lamprosticta culta; 4,
                                Meganephria bimaculosa (Double-spot Brocade); 5,
                                Allophyes oxyacanthae (Green-brindled Crescent);
                                6, Valeria oleagina (Green Brindled Dot); 10,
                                Blepharita satura (Beautiful Arches); 11,
                                Eremobia ochroleuca (Dusky Sallow); 22, Hyppa
                                rectilinea (Clouded Brocade); 23, Auchmis
                                detersa. AMPHIPYRINAE. \i{}7, Luperina testacea
                                (Flounced Rustic)\i0{}; 8, Thalophila matura
                                (Straw Underwing); 9, Calamia tridens virens
                                (Burren Green); 12, Apamea lateritia (Scarce
                                Brindle); 13, Apamea monoglypha (Dark Arches);
                                14, Apamea lithoxylaea (Light Arches); 15,
                                Apamea sordens (Rustic Shoulder-knot); 16,
                                Apamea crenata (Clouded-bordered Brindle); 17,
                                Apamea remissa (Dusky Brocade); 18, Mesapamea
                                secalis (Common Rustic); 19, Oligia strigilis
                                (Marbled Minor); 20, Mesoligia furuncula
                                (Cloaked Minor); 21, Dypterygia scabriuscula
                                (Bird's Wing); 25, Callopistria juventina; 26,
                                Polyphaenis sericata. NOCTUINAE. 24, Actinotia
                                polyodon (Purple Cloud). From Kirby 40, with
                                names updated.>

# \i{}Lycophotia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      noctui01.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: L. porphyria (True Lovers' Knot) and 10
                            related genera (Newman)>
                   <@text x=448 y=9
                                t=1, \i{}Actinotia polyodon\i0{} (The Purple
                                Cloud); 2, \i{}Axylia putris\i0{} (The Flame);
                                3, \i{}Rhyacia simulans\i0{} (Dotted Rustic); 4,
                                \i{}Eugnorisma glareosa\i0{} (Autumnal Rustic);
                                5, \i{}Paradiarsia\i0{} (\i{}Protolampra\i0{})
                                \i{}sobrina\i0{} (Cousin German); 6,
                                \i{}LYCOPHOTIA porphyrea\i0{} (True Lovers'
                                Knot); 7, \i{}Ochropleura praecox\i0{} (Portland
                                Moth); 8, \i{}Ochropleura fennica\i0{}
                                (Eversmanns Rustic); 9, \i{}Eugnorisma
                                depuncta\i0{} (Plain Clay); 10(a) and (b),
                                \i{}Standfussiana lucernea\i0{} (Northern
                                Rustic); 11, \i{}Ochropleura flammatra\i0{} (The
                                Black Collar); 12, \i{}Ochropleura plecta\i0{}
                                (Flame Shoulder); 13, \i{}Eugraphe subrosea\i0{}
                                (Rosy Marsh Moth); 14, \i{}Spaelotis ravida\i0{}
                                (Stout Dart); 15, \i{}Graphiphora augur\i0{}
                                (Double Dart). From Newman (1869).>

# \i{}Lygephila\i0{} <Billberg>/
      bent475.jpg <@subject Ophiderinae: Lygephila pastinum (Black-neck: B. Ent.
                           475)>
      text4751.gif <@subject Lygephila pastinum: B. Ent. 475, legend+text>
      text4752.gif <@subject Lygephila pastinum: B. Ent. 475, text cont.>
      ophid01.jpg <@subject L. pastinum (Blackneck) and L. craccae (Scarce
                           Blackneck), with other Ophiderinae: Newman>
                  <@text x=459 y=867
                               t=1(a)-(c), Tyta luctuosa (The Four-spotted); 2,
                               Catephia alchymista (The Alchymist); 3,
                               Scoliopteryx libatrix (The Herald); 4,
                               \i{}Lygephila pastinum\i0{} (Blackneck); 5,
                               \i{}Lygephila craccae\i0{} (Scarce Blackneck); 6,
                               Phytometra viridaria (Small Purple-barred); 7,
                               Parascotia fuliginaria (Waved Black). From
                               Newman, 1869.>
      ophid02.jpg <@subject British Ophiderinae: Swain>
                  <@text x=429 y=133
                               t=1, Tyta luctuosa (The Four-spotted); 2*,
                               Tathorhynchus exsiccata (Levant Blackneck:
                               Amphipyrinae); 3, \i{}Lygephila pastinum\i0{}
                               (Blackneck); 4, \i{}Lygephila cracca\i0{} (Scarce
                               Blackneck); 5, Colobochyla salicalis (Lesser
                               Belle); 6, Rivula sericealis (Straw Dot); 7,
                               Scoliopteryx libatrix (Herald); 8, Phytometra
                               viridaria (Small Purple-barred); 9, Parascotia
                               fuliginaria (Waved Black); 10, Laspeyria flexula
                               (Beautiful Hook-tip). Swain, 1961.>
      kirby043.jpg <@subject Ophiderinae and Catocalinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=886 y=281
                                t=OPHIDERINAE. 1. Catephia alchymista (The
                                Alchymist); 11 and 12, \i{}Lygephila\i0{}
                                pastinum (The Blackneck); 13, \i{}Lygephila
                                craccae\i0{} (Scarce Blackneck). CATOCALINAE. 2.
                                Catocala fraxinae (Clifden Nonpareil); 4,
                                Catocala nupta (Red Underwing); 5., Catocala
                                sponsa (Dark Crimson Underwing); 6, Catocala
                                promissa (Light Crimson Underwing); 7, Catocala
                                electa (Rosy Underwing). From Kirby 43.>

# \i{}Macdunnoughia\i0{} <Kostrowicki>/
      plusii03.jpg <@subject Macdunnoughia confusa (Dewick's Plusia), with
                            Abrostola: photos>
                   <@text x=893 y=936
                                t=Figs. 1-2, \i{}Macdunnoughia confusa\i0{}
                                (Dewick's Plusia: a sporadic immigrant). 3-4,
                                \i{}Abrostola tripartita\i0{} (Spectacle); 5,
                                \i{}Abrostola triplasia\i0{} (Dark Spectacle).
                                \par{}\par{}1-2: Bagneux, Seine, Sept. 1954.
                                3-4, Cheddleton near Leek, Staffs., June 1957.
                                5, Cheddleton, June 1952. From Watsons
                                collection.>
      plusadv.jpg <@subject M. confusa, with adventive or casual Plusiinae>
                  <@text x=478 y=209
                               t=1, Syngrapha interrogationis (Scarce Silver Y);
                               2, Chrysodeixis chalcites (Golden Twin Spot); 3,
                               Chrysodeixis acuta (Tunbridge Wells Gem); 4,
                               Ctenoplusia limbirana (Scar Bank Gem); 5,
                               \i{}Macdunnoughia confusa\i0{} (Dewick's Plusia);
                               6, Euchalcia variabilis (Purple-shaded Gem); 7,
                               Diachrysia orichalcea (Slender Burnished Brass).
                               Swain, 1961.>

# \i{}Macrochilo\i0{} <Hbner>/
      bent527.jpg <@subject Hypeninae: Macrochilo cribrumalis (Dotted Fan-foot:
                           B. Ent. 527)>
      text5271.gif <@subject Macrochilo cribrumalis: B. Ent. 527, legend+text>
      text5272.gif <@subject M. cribrumalis: B. Ent. 527, text cont.>
      leech022.jpg <@subject M. cribrumalis (Dotted Fan-foot), with Herminia
                            grisealis and Laspeyria flexula: Leech, 1886>
                   <@text x=826 y=901
                                t=NOCTUIDAE-HERMINIINAE. 1, \i{}Herminia
                                grisealis\i0{} Small Fan-foot). 2,
                                \i{}Macrochilo cribrumalis\i0{} (Dotted
                                Fan-foot). NOCTUIDAE-RIVULINAE. 3, \i{}Laspeyria
                                flexula\i0{} (Beautiful Hook-tip). From Leech,
                                1886.>
      south147.jpg <@subject British Hypeninae (1: Fan-foot Moths)>
                   <@text x=444 y=70
                                t=1(a) and (b),Zanclognatha tarsipennalis (The
                                Fan-foot); 2(a) and (b), Herminia grisealis
                                (Small Fan-foot); 3(a) and (b), \i{}Macrochilo
                                cribrumalis\i0{} (Dotted Fan-foot); 4, Paracolax
                                tristalis (Clay Fan-foot); 5, Trisateles
                                emortualis (Olive Crescent); 6(a) and (b),
                                Pechipogo strigilata (Common Fan-foot). Swain,
                                1961.>

# \i{}Mamestra\i0{} <Ochsenheimer>/
      haden01.jpg <@subject Hadeninae: M. brassicae (Cabbage Moth), and 8
                           related genera: Newman>
                  <@text x=906 y=13
                               t=1(a) and (b), Anarta myrtillae (Beautiful
                               Yellow Underwing); 2, Anarta melanopa
                               (Broad-bordered White Underwing); 3, Anarta
                               cordigera (Small Dark Yellow Underwing); 4,
                               Discestra trifolii (The Nutmeg); 5(a) and (b),
                               Polia nebulosa (Grey Arches, normal forms); 5(c)
                               and (d), Polia nebulosa (Grey Arches, varieties);
                               6, Polia trimaculosa (Silvery Arches); 7, Polia
                               bombycina (Pale-shining Brown); 8, Pachetra
                               sagittigera britannica (Feathered Ear); 9,
                               Sideridis albicolon (White Colon); 10, Melanchra
                               persicariae (The Dot); 11, Hada plebeja (The
                               Shears); 12, Heliophobus reticulata (Bordered
                               Gothic); 13, MAMESTRA brassicae (Cabbage Moth).
                               From Newman, 1869.>
      kirby035.jpg <@subject Noctuinae and Hadeninae: Kirby 35>
                   <@text x=450 y=333
                                t=NOCTUINAE. 1,Rhacia simulans (True Lover's
                                Knot); 2, Acylia putris (Flame); 3, Agrotis
                                exclamationis (Heart and Dart); 4, Euxoa tritica
                                (White Line Dart); 5, Agrotis ipsilon (Dark
                                Sword-grass); 6, Agrotis segetum (Common Dart,
                                or Turnip Moth); 7, Agrotis vestigialis
                                (Archer's Dart); 8, Ochropleura praecox
                                (Portland Moth); 9, Anaplectoides prasina (Green
                                Arches); 10, Eurois occulta (Great Brocade).
                                HADENINAE. 11, Cerapteryx graminis (Antler
                                Moth); 12, Tholera decimalis (Feathered Gothic);
                                13, Pacheta sagittigera (Feathered Ear); 14,
                                Polia bombycina (Pale Shining Brown); 15, Polia
                                trimaculosa (Silvery Arches); 16, Polia nebulosa
                                (Grey Arches); 17, Lacanobia contigua (Beautiful
                                Brocade); 18, Ceramica pisi (Broom Moth); 19,
                                \i{}Mamestra brassicae\i0{} (Cabbage Moth); 20,
                                Melanchra persicariae (Dot).>
      lchnoc01.gif <@subject neuration: Hadeninae (Mamestra brassicae)>

# \i{}Meganephria\i0{} <Hbner>/
      bent177.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae: Meganephria bimaculosa (Double-spot
                           Brocade: B. Ent. 177)>
      text1771.gif <@subject Meganephria bimaculosa: B. Ent. 177, legend+text>
      text1772.gif <@subject Meganephria bimaculosa: B. Ent. 177, text cont.>
      cucull05.jpg <@subject M. bimaculosa (Double0spot Brocade), with
                            Calophasia and Lithophane: Newman>
                   <@text x=873 y=16
                                t=1, Lithophane semibrunnea (Tawny Pinion); 2,
                                Lithophane hepatica (Pale Pinion); 3, Lithophane
                                ornitopus (Grey Shoulder-knot); 4, Lithophane
                                furcifera (The Conformist); 5(a) and (b),
                                Lithophane lambda (The Nonconformist); 6,
                                \i{}Meganephria bimaculosa\i0{} (Double-spot
                                Brocade); 7, Calophasia lunula (Toadflax
                                Brocade); 8, Calophasia platyptera (Antirrhinum
                                Brocade). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirby040.jpg <@subject M. bimaculosa, with Cuculliinae, Amphipyrinae and
                            Noctuinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=917 y=8
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Dryobotodes eremita (Brindled
                                Green); 2, Dichonia aprilina
                                (Merveille-du-Jour); 3, Lamprosticta culta;
                                \i{}4, Meganephria bimaculosa (Double-spot
                                Brocade)\i0{}; 5, Allophyes oxyacanthae
                                (Green-brindled Crescent); 6, Valeria oleagina
                                (Green Brindled Dot); 10, Blepharita satura
                                (Beautiful Arches); 11, Eremobia ochroleuca
                                (Dusky Sallow); 22, Hyppa rectilinea (Clouded
                                Brocade); 23, Auchmis detersa. AMPHIPYRINAE. 7,
                                Luperina testacea (Flounced Rustic); 8,
                                Thalophila matura (Straw Underwing); 9, Calamia
                                tridens virens (Burren Green); 12, Apamea
                                lateritia (Scarce Brindle); 13, Apamea
                                monoglypha (Dark Arches); 14, Apamea lithoxylaea
                                (Light Arches); 15, Apamea sordens (Rustic
                                Shoulder-knot); 16, Apamea crenata
                                (Clouded-bordered Brindle); 17, Apamea remissa
                                (Dusky Brocade); 18, Mesapamea secalis (Common
                                Rustic); 19, Oligia strigilis (Marbled Minor);
                                20, Mesoligia furuncula (Cloaked Minor); 21,
                                Dypterygia scabriuscula (Bird's Wing); 25,
                                Callopistria juventina; 26, Polyphaenis
                                sericata. NOCTUINAE. 24, Actinotia polyodon
                                (Purple Cloud). From Kirby 40, with names
                                updated.>

# \i{}Melanchra\i0{} <Hbner>/
      haden01.jpg <@subject Hadeninae: M. persicariae (The Dot), and 8 related
                           genera: Newman>
                  <@text x=906 y=13
                               t=1(a) and (b), Anarta myrtillae (Beautiful
                               Yellow Underwing); 2, Anarta melanopa
                               (Broad-bordered White Underwing); 3, Anarta
                               cordigera (Small Dark Yellow Underwing); 4,
                               Discestra trifolii (The Nutmeg); 5(a) and (b),
                               Polia nebulosa (Grey Arches, normal forms); 5(c)
                               and (d), Polia nebulosa (Grey Arches, varieties);
                               6, Polia trimaculosa (Silvery Arches); 7, Polia
                               bombycina (Pale-shining Brown); 8, Pachetra
                               sagittigera britannica (Feathered Ear); 9,
                               Sideridis albicolon (White Colon); 10, MELANCHRA
                               persicariae (The Dot); 11, Hada plebeja (The
                               Shears); 12, Heliophobus reticulata (Bordered
                               Gothic); 13, Mamestra brassicae (Cabbage Moth).
                               From Newman, 1869>
      kirby035.jpg <@subject Noctuinae (1-10) and Hadeninae: Kirby 35>
                   <@text x=450 y=333
                                t=NOCTUINAE. 1,Rhacia simulans (True Lover's
                                Knot); 2, Acylia putris (Flame); 3, Agrotis
                                exclamationis (Heart and Dart); 4, Euxoa tritica
                                (White Line Dart); 5, Agrotis ipsilon (Dark
                                Sword-grass); 6, Agrotis segetum (Common Dart,
                                or Turnip Moth); 7, Agrotis vestigialis
                                (Archer's Dart); 8, Ochropleura praecox
                                (Portland Moth); 9, Anaplectoides prasina (Green
                                Arches); 10, Eurois occulta (Great Brocade).
                                HADENINAE. 11, Cerapteryx graminis (Antler
                                Moth); 12, Tholera decimalis (Feathered Gothic);
                                13, Pacheta sagittigera (Feathered Ear); 14,
                                Polia bombycina (Pale Shinibg Brown); 15, Polia
                                trimaculosa (Silvery Arches); 16, Polia nebulosa
                                (Grey Arches); 17, Lacanobia contigua (Beautiful
                                Brocade); 18, Ceramica pisi (Broom Moth); 19,
                                Mamestra brassicae (Cabbage Moth); 20,
                                \i{}Melanchra persicariae\i0{} (Dot).>

# \i{}Mesapamea\i0{} <Heinicke>/
      messec01.jpg <@subject Mesapamea secalis (Common Rustic, light and
                            melanic: photos)>
                   <@text x=829 y=917
                                t=\i{}Mesapamea secalis\i0{} (Common Rustic),
                                normal and melanic examples. The species
                                exhibits relatively infrequent rural
                                (non-industrial) melanism in natural habitats,
                                seemingly with increased proportions of melanics
                                in industrialised regions. Light and dark forms
                                were encountered with about equal frequency
                                around Leek (N. Staffs., in seemingly rural
                                habitats about 10 and 30 miles respectively from
                                heavily industrialised Stoke-on-Trent and
                                Manchester) in the decade 1949-1959, when these
                                examples were collected. \par{}\par{}From
                                Watson's collection.>
      amphip02.jpg <@subject M. secalis (Common Rustic), with 7 related genera:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=281 y=250
                                t=1, Enargia paleacea (Angle-striped Sallow); 2,
                                Parastichtis ypsillon (The Dismal, Dingy
                                Shears); 3, Dicycla oo (The Heart Moth); 4,
                                Mesoligia literosa (Rosy Minor); 5,(a)-(c),
                                Mesoligia furuncula (Cloaked Minor); 6, Eremobia
                                ochroleuca (Dusky Sallow); 7(a)-(c), Cosmia
                                trapezina (The Dun-bar); 8, Cosmia affinis
                                (Lesser-spotted Pinion); 9, Cosmia pyralina
                                (Lunar-spotted Pinion); 10, Cosmia diffinis
                                (White-spotted Pinion); 11, Hyppa rectilinea
                                (The Saxon); 12(a)-(d), Oligia strigilis
                                (Marbled Minor); 13, Oligia fasciuncula
                                (Middle-barred Minor); 14(a)-(e), \i{}Mesapamea
                                secalis\i0{} (Common Rustic). From Newman,
                                1869.>
      kirby040.jpg <@subject M. secalis, with Cuculliinae, Amphipyrinae and
                            Noctuinae: Kirby 40>
                   <@text x=917 y=8
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1,Dryobotodes eremita (Brindled
                                Green); 2, Dichonia aprilina
                                (Merveille-du-Jour); 3, Lamprosticta culta; 4,
                                Meganephria bimaculosa (Double-spot Brocade); 5,
                                Allophyes oxyacanthae (Green-brindled Crescent);
                                6, Valeria oleagina (Green Brindled Dot); 10,
                                Blepharita satura (Beautiful Arches); 11,
                                Eremobia ochroleuca (Dusky Sallow); 22, Hyppa
                                rectilinea (Clouded Brocade); 23, Auchmis
                                detersa. AMPHIPYRINAE. 7, Luperina testacea
                                (Flounced Rustic); 8, Thalophila matura (Straw
                                Underwing); 9, Calamia tridens virens (Burren
                                Green); 12, Apamea lateritia (Scarce Brindle);
                                13, Apamea monoglypha (Dark Arches); 14, Apamea
                                lithoxylaea (Light Arches); 15, Apamea sordens
                                (Rustic Shoulder-knot); 16, Apamea crenata
                                (Clouded-bordered Brindle); 17, Apamea remissa
                                (Dusky Brocade); \i{}18, Mesapamea secalis
                                (Common Rustic)\i0{}; 19, Oligia strigilis
                                (Marbled Minor); 20, Mesoligia furuncula
                                (Cloaked Minor); 21, Dypterygia scabriuscula
                                (Bird's Wing); 25, Callopistria juventina; 26,
                                Polyphaenis sericata. NOCTUINAE. 24, Actinotia
                                polyodon (Purple Cloud). From Kirby 40, with
                                names updated.>

# \i{}Mesogona\i0{} <Boisduval>/
      southadv.jpg <@subject M. acetosellae (Pale Stigma), with other adventive
                            Noctuidae>
                   <@text x=833 y=455
                                t=1, \i{}Mesogana acetosellae\i0{} (Pale
                                Stigma); 2, Graphania dives; 3, Pseudenargia
                                ulicis (The Berber); 4, Sedina buettneri
                                (Blair's Wainscot). Swain, 1961.>

# \i{}Mesoligia\i0{} <Boursin>/
      amphip02.jpg <@subject M. furuncula (Cloaked Minor), with 7 related
                            genera>
                   <@text x=281 y=250
                                t=1, Enargia paleacea (Angle-striped Sallow); 2,
                                Parastichtis ypsillon (The Dismal, Dingy
                                Shears); 3, Dicycla oo (The Heart Moth); 4,
                                Mesoligia literosa (Rosy Minor); 5,(a)-(c),
                                \i{}Mesoligia furuncula\i0{} (Cloaked Minor); 6,
                                Eremobia ochroleuca (Dusky Sallow); 7(a)-(c),
                                Cosmia trapezina (The Dun-bar); 8, Cosmia
                                affinis (Lesser-spotted Pinion); 9, Cosmia
                                pyralina (Lunar-spotted Pinion); 10, Cosmia
                                diffinis (White-spotted Pinion); 11, Hyppa
                                rectilinea (The Saxon); 12(a)-(d), Oligia
                                strigilis (Marbled Minor); 13, Oligia
                                fasciuncula (Middle-barred Minor); 14(a)-(e),
                                Mesapamea secalis (Common Rustic). From Newman,
                                1869.>
      kirby040.jpg <@subject M. furuncula, with Cuculliinae, Amphipyrinae and
                            Noctuinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=917 y=8
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1,Dryobotodes eremita (Brindled
                                Green); 2, Dichonia aprilina
                                (Merveille-du-Jour); 3, Lamprosticta culta; 4,
                                Meganephria bimaculosa (Double-spot Brocade); 5,
                                Allophyes oxyacanthae (Green-brindled Crescent);
                                6, Valeria oleagina (Green Brindled Dot); 10,
                                Blepharita satura (Beautiful Arches); 11,
                                Eremobia ochroleuca (Dusky Sallow); 22, Hyppa
                                rectilinea (Clouded Brocade); 23, Auchmis
                                detersa. AMPHIPYRINAE. 7, Luperina testacea
                                (Flounced Rustic); 8, Thalophila matura (Straw
                                Underwing); 9, Calamia tridens virens (Burren
                                Green); 12, Apamea lateritia (Scarce Brindle);
                                13, Apamea monoglypha (Dark Arches); 14, Apamea
                                lithoxylaea (Light Arches); 15, Apamea sordens
                                (Rustic Shoulder-knot); 16, Apamea crenata
                                (Clouded-bordered Brindle); 17, Apamea remissa
                                (Dusky Brocade); 18, Mesapamea secalis (Common
                                Rustic); 19, Oligia strigilis (Marbled Minor);
                                \i{}20, Mesoligia furuncula (Cloaked
                                Minor)\i0{}; 21, Dypterygia scabriuscula (Bird's
                                Wing); 25, Callopistria juventina; 26,
                                Polyphaenis sericata. NOCTUINAE. 24, Actinotia
                                polyodon (Purple Cloud). From Kirby 40, with
                                names updated.>

# \i{}Minucia\i0{} <Moore>/
      catoc02.jpg <@subject M. lunaris, with Catocala promissa, Callistege and
                           Euclidia>
                  <@text x=689 y=46
                               t=1(a)-(c), Catocala promissa (Light Crimson
                               Underwing); 2(a) and (b), \i{}Minucia
                               lunaris\i0{} (Lunar Double Stripe); 3, Callistege
                               mi (Mother Shipton); 4, Euclidia glyphica (Burnet
                               Companion). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirby042.jpg <@subject Acontiinae, Amphipyrinae, Hadeninae and
                            Heliothidinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=897 y=169
                                t=ACONTIINAE. 13, Acontia lucida (Pale
                                Shoulder); 17, Eublemma minutata (Scarce
                                Marbled); 18, Deltote bankiana (Silver Barred);
                                19, Eustrotia uncula (Silver Hook); 20,
                                Lithacodia deceptoria (Pretty Marbled); 21,
                                Lithacodia pygarga (Marbled White Spot); 22,
                                Emmelia trabealis (Spotted Sulphur).
                                AMPHIPYRINAE. 5, Panemeria tenebrata (Small
                                Yellow Underwing). HADENINAE. 3, Anarta myrtilli
                                (Beautiful Yellow Underwing); 4, Anarta
                                cordigera (Small Dark Yellow Underwing).
                                HELIOTHIDINAE. 8. Heliothis viriplaca (Marbled
                                Clover); 9, Protoschinia scutosa (Spotted
                                Clover); 10, Heliothis peltigera (Bordered
                                Straw); 11, Periphanes delphinii (Pease
                                Blossom); 12, Pyrrhia umbra (Bordered Sallow) .
                                CATOCALINAE. \b{}28, Minucia lunaris (Lunar
                                Double Stripe)\b0{}. Kirby.>
      kirbycat.jpg <@subject Catocalinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=20 y=864
                                t=CATOCALINAE. 23, \i{}Callistege mi\i0{}
                                (Mother Shipton); 24, Euclidia glyphica (Burnet
                                Companion); 27, Dysgonia algira; 28, Minucia
                                lunaris (Lunar Double Stripe). From Kirby,42.>
      dpon0091.jpg <@subject Larva of Minucia lunaris: Duponchel and Gune
                            (1849)>
                   <@text x=35 y=35
                                t=Noctuidae. \i{}Minucia lunaris\i0{} (Lunar
                                Double-stripe). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.>

# \i{}Mocis\i0{} <Hbner>/

# \i{}Moma\i0{} <Hbner>/
      bent404.jpg <@subject Acronictinae: Moma alpium (Scarce Merveille-du-jour:
                           B. Ent. 404)>
      text4041.gif <@subject Moma alpium: B. Ent. 404, legend+text)>
      text4042.gif <@subject Moma alpium: B. Ent. 404, legend+text)>
      bent404.jpg <@subject Acronictinae: M. alpium (Scarce Merveille-du-jour:
                           B. Ent. 404)>
      newmacr1.jpg <@subject M. alpium (Scarce Merveille-du-jour), with other
                            Acronictinae: Newman>
                   <@text x=614 y=128
                                t=1, \i{}Moma alpium\i0{} (Scarce
                                Merveille-du-jour); 2, Acronicta megacephala
                                (Poplar Grey); 3, Acronicta aceris (The
                                Sycamore: 1b representing a dark var.); 4,
                                Acronicta leporina (The Miller); 5, Acronicta
                                alni (The Alder); 6, Acronicta tridens (Dark
                                Dagger, 6a representing the typical form); 7,
                                Acronicta psi (Grey Dagger); 8, Acronicta
                                strigosa (Marsh Dagger); 9, Acronicata
                                menyanthidis (Light Knot-Grass, a and b
                                representing the typical form); 10, Acronicta
                                auricoma (Scarce Dagger); 11, Acronicta
                                euphorbiae myricae (Sweet Gale Moth); 12,
                                Acronicta rumicis (The Knot-Grass); 13, Simyra
                                albovenosa (Powdered Wainscot); 14, Craniophora
                                ligustri (The Coronet); 15, Cryphia algae
                                (Tree-lichen Beauty); 16, Cryphia domestica
                                (Marbled beauty); 17, Cryphia muralis (Marbled
                                Green). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirbacr2.jpg <@subject Acronictinae (Cryphia): Kirby.>
                   <@text x=254 y=886
                                t=ACRONICTINAE. 1, Cryphia raptricula; 2,
                                Cryphia algae (Tree-lichen Beauty); 3, Cryphia
                                muralis (Marbled Green); 4; Cryphia domestica (=
                                perla: Marbled Beauty); 5, Moma alpium (Scarce
                                Merveille du Jour).>

# \i{}Mormo\i0{} <Ochsenheimer>/
      mormo.jpg <@subject M. maura (The Old Lady): photo>
      amphip01.jpg <@subject M. maura (The Old Lady), and 8 related genera:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=518 y=187
                                t=1(a) and (b), \i{}Mormo maura\i0{} (The Old
                                Lady); 2, Amphipyra pyramidea (Copper
                                Underwing); 3, Amphipyra tragopoginis (The
                                Mouse); 4, Dypterygia scabriuscula (The Bird's
                                Wing); 5, Thalpophila matura (Straw Underwing);
                                6(a) and (b), Rusina ferruginea (Brown Rustic);
                                7, Trachea aptriplicis (The Orache Moth); 8,
                                Euplexia lucipara (Small Angle-shades); 9,
                                Phlogophora meticulosa (The Angle Shades); 10,
                                Ipimorpha subtusa (The Olive); 11, Ipimorpha
                                retusa (The Small Olive). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirbamp1.jpg <@subject Amphipyrinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=131 y=7
                                t=AMPHIPYRINAE. 1, Trachea atriplicis (Orache
                                Moth); 2, Euplexia lucipara (Small
                                Angle-shades); 4, Phlogophora meticulosa
                                (Angle-shades); 5, \i{}Mormo maura\i0{} (Old
                                Lady); 8, Amphipoea oculea (Golden Ear); 9,
                                Gortyna flavago (Frosted Orange); 10, Archanara
                                cannae (Reed Wainscot); 11, Nonagria typhae
                                (Bulllrush Moth); 12, Diclya 00 (Heart); 13,
                                Cosmia pyralina (Lunar-spotted Pinion); 14,
                                Cosmia diffinis (White-spotted Pinion); 15,
                                Cosmia affinis (Lesser-spotted Pinion); 16,
                                Cosmia trapezina (Dun Bar); 17, Ipimorpha retusa
                                (Double Kidney); 21, Amphipyra tragopogonis
                                (Mouse); 22, Amphipyra pyramidea Copper
                                Underwing). From Kirby 36 and 38.>
      dpon0131.jpg <@subject Larvae and pupa of M. maura (Old Lady): Duponchel
                            and Gune (1849)>
                   <@text x=843 y=29
                                t=Noctuidae. \i{}Mormo maura\i0{} (Old Lady).
                                Duponchel and Gune, 1849.>

# \i{}Mythimna\i0{} <Ochsenheimer>/
      newmyth1.jpg <@subject The British species of Mythimna and Senta
                            (Wainscots): Newman)>
                   <@text x=684 y=130
                                t=438, Mythimna conigera (Brown-line
                                Bright-eye); 439, Mythimna vitellina (The
                                Delicate); 438*, Mythimna albipuncta (The
                                White-point); 440, Mythimna turca (The Double
                                Line); 441, Mythimna ferrago (The Clay); 442,
                                Mythimna unipuncta (The White-speck, or American
                                Wainscot); 443, Mythimna obsoleta (Obscure
                                Wainscot); 444, Mythimna loreyi (The
                                Cosmopolitan). 445, Mythimna litoralis (Shore
                                Wainscot); 446, Mythimna pudorina (Striped
                                Wainscot); 447, Mythimna comma (Shoulder-striped
                                Wainscot); 448, Mythimna putrescens (Devonshire
                                Wainscot); 449, Mythimna straminea (Southern
                                Wainscot); 450, Mythimna impura impura (Smoky
                                Wainscot); 451, Mythimna pallens (Common
                                Wainscot); 452(a) and (b), Senta flammea (Flame
                                Wainscot). From Newman, 1869.>
      bent157.jpg <@subject Hadeninae: Mythimna litoralis (Curtis): Shore
                           Wainscot: B. Ent. 157>
      text157.gif <@subject Mythimna litoralis (B. Ent. 157, legend+text)>
      text1571.gif <@subject Mythimna litoralis (B. Ent. 157, text cont.)>
      kirbhad1.jpg <@subject 4 Mythimna species with other Hadeninae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=747 y=36
                                t=HADENINAE. 1, Orthosia gothica (Hebrew
                                Character); 2, Orthosia miniosa Blossom
                                Underwing); 3, Orthosia cruda (Small Quaker); 4,
                                Orthosia cerasi (Common Quaker); 5, Orthosia
                                gracilis (Powdered Quaker); 6, Orthosia incerta
                                (Clouded Drab); 7, Orthosia munda (Twin-spot
                                Quaker); 8, Panolis flammea (Pine Beauty); 12,
                                Mythimna pallens (Common Wainscot); 13, Mythimna
                                comma (Shoulder-striped Wainscot); 14, Mythimna
                                conigera (Brown-line Bright Eye); 15, Mythimna
                                L-album; 16, \i{}Egira spicillaris\i0{} (Silver
                                Cloud).>

# \i{}Naenia\i0{} <Stephens>/
      noctui02.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: N. typica (Gothic) and 4 related genera:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=509 y=7
                                t=1(a)-(c), Peridroma saucia (Pearly Underwing);
                                2, Anaplectoides prasina (Green Arches);
                                3(a)-(f), Diarsia mendica mendica (Ingrailed
                                Clay); 4, Diarsia dahlii (Barred Chestnut); 5,
                                NAENIA typica (The Gothic); 6, Diarsia rubi
                                (Small Square-spot); 7, Diarsia brunnea (Purple
                                Clay); 8(a) and (b), Eurois occulta (Great
                                Brocade). From Newman (1869).>
      dpon0132.jpg <@subject Larva and pupa of N. typica (Gothic): Duponchel and
                            Gune (1849)>
                   <@text x=94 y=866
                                t=Noctuidae. \i{}Naenia typica\i0{} (Gothic).
                                Duponchel and Gune, 1849.>

# \i{}Noctua\i0{} <Linnaeus>/
      noctua01.jpg <@subject The 7 British species of Noctua (Yellow
                            Underwings): Newman>
                   <@text x=507 y=173
                                t=NOCTUA. 1(a)-(c), Noctua pronuba (Large Yellow
                                Underwing); 2(a)-(d), N. comes (Lesser Yellow
                                Underwing); 3(a)-(c), N. fimbriata
                                (Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing); 4, N.
                                janthina (Lesser Broad-bordered Yellow
                                Underwing); 5, N. interjecta (Least Yellow
                                Underwing); 6, N. orbona (Lunar Yellow
                                Underwing). From Newman (1869).>
      noctua03.jpg <@subject Light and melanic forms of Noctua pronuba and N.
                            fimbriata, with N. janthe, N. comes and N. iterjecta
                            (Yellow Underwings, photos)>
                   <@text x=522 y=936
                                t=Figs. 1-4, \i{}Noctua pronuba\i0{} (Large
                                Yellow Underwing); 5-6, \i{}Noctua
                                fimbriata\i0{} (Broad-bordered Yellow
                                Underwing); 7, \i{}Noctua janthe\i0{} (Lesser
                                Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing); 8-9,
                                \i{}Noctua comes\i0{} (Lesser Yellow Underwing);
                                10, \i{}Noctua interjecta\i0{} (Least Yellow
                                Underwing). \par{}\par{}Figs 1-6 probably
                                exemplify a drift to industrial melanism in
                                polluted environments \i{}N. pronuba\i0{}, and
                                perhaps in \i{}N. fimbriata\i0{}, from
                                pre-existing rural melanism of the apostatic
                                kind. \par{}\par{}Specimens: 1-9, Leek, Staffs.,
                                1948-1958 (L. Watson); 10, Folkstone, Kent, 1908
                                (R.A. Nichols). From Watson's collection.>
      kirbnoc1.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=443 y=7
                                t=NOCTUINAE. : 8 and 20, Xestia ditrapezium
                                (Triple-spotted Clay); 9, Noctua janthe (Lesser
                                Broad-border); 10, "Hiria linogrisea", cf.
                                Epiplecta; 11, Noctua fimbria (Broad-bordered
                                Yellow Underwing); 12, Graphiophora augur
                                (Double Dart); 13, Spaelotis ravida (Stout
                                Dart); 14, Noctua pronuba (Yellow Underwing);
                                15, Noctua orbona (Lunar Yellow Underwing); 16,
                                Noctua comes (Lesser Yellow Underwing); 17,
                                Xestia triangulum (Double Square Spot); 18,
                                Xestia baja (Dotted Clay ); 19, Xestia c-nigrum
                                (Setaceous Hebrew Character); 20, Xestia
                                ditrapezium (Triple-spotted Clay); 21, Diarsia
                                brunnea (Purple Clay); 22, Diarsia mendica
                                (Ingrailed Clay); 23, Paradiarsia glareosa
                                (Autumnal Rustic); 24, Chersotis multangula; 25,
                                Chersotis cuprea; 26, Chersotis ocellina; 27,
                                Ochropleura plectra (Flame Shoulder). From Kirby
                                34, with names updated.>
      bent348.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: Noctua comes ab. curtisii (Bute Yellow
                           Underwing, Lesser Yellow Underwing variety: B. Ent.
                           348)>
      text3481.gif <@subject Noctuinae: Noctua comes ab. curtisii: B. Ent. 348,
                            legend+text>
      text3482.gif <@subject Noctuinae: Noctua comes ab. curtisii: B. Ent. 348,
                            text cont.>
      dpon0121.jpg <@subject Larvae and pupa of N. pronuba and N. fimbriata:
                            Duponchel and Gune (1849)>
                   <@text x=49 y=23
                                t=Noctuidae. 1, \i{}Noctua pronuba\i0{} (Large
                                Yellow Underwing). 2, \i{}Noctua fimbriata\i0{}
                                (Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing). Duponchel and
                                Gune, 1849.>

# \i{}Nonagria\i0{} <Ochsenheimer>/
      amphip03.jpg <@subject N. typhae (The Bullrush), and 6 related genera:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=710 y=87
                                t=1(a) and (b), Photedes captiuncula (Least
                                Minor); 2(a)-(c), Photedes pygmina (Small
                                Wainscot); 3(a) and (b), Photedes minima (Small
                                Dotted Buff); 4, Photedes elymi (The Lyme
                                Grass); 5, Photedes morrisii (Bond's Wainscot);
                                6, Photedes brevilinea (Fenn's Wainscot); 7(a)
                                and (b), Photedes extrema (The Concolorous);
                                8(a) and (b), Photedes fluxa (Mere Wainscot);
                                9(a) and (b), Amphipoea spp. (The Ear -
                                requiring examination of genitalia to
                                distinguish the species); 10, Luperina testacea
                                (Flounced Rustic); 11, Luperina dumerilii
                                (Dumeril's Luperina); 12, Hydraecia micacea
                                (Rosy Rustic); 13, Hydraecia petasitis (The
                                Butterbur); 14, Gortyna flavago (Frosted
                                Orange); 15(a) and (b), Celaena leucostigma
                                leucostigma (The Crescent) 16, Celaena haworthii
                                (Haworth's Minor); 17(a) and (b), NONAGRIA
                                typhae (The Bullrush). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirbamp1.jpg <@subject Amphipyrinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=131 y=7
                                t=AMPHIPYRINAE. 1, Trachea atriplicis (Orache
                                Moth); 2, Euplexia lucipara (Small
                                Angle-shades); 4, Phlogophora meticulosa
                                (Angle-shades); 5, Mormo maura (Old Lady); 8,
                                Amphipoea oculea (Golden Ear); 9, Gortyna
                                flavago (Frosted Orange); 10, Archanara cannae
                                (Reed Wainscot); 11, \i{}Nonagria typhae\i0{}
                                (Bulllrush Moth); 12, Diclya 00 (Heart); 13,
                                Cosmia pyralina (Lunar-spotted Pinion); 14,
                                Cosmia diffinis (White-spotted Pinion); 15,
                                Cosmia affinis (Lesser-spotted Pinion); 16,
                                Cosmia trapezina (Dun Bar); 17, Ipimorpha retusa
                                (Double Kidney); 21, Amphipyra tragopogonis
                                (Mouse); 22, Amphipyra pyramidea Copper
                                Underwing). From Kirby 36 and 38>

# \i{}Nycteola\i0{} <Hbner>/
      bent029.jpg <@subject Nycteola revayana var. ramosana (Oak Nycteoline: B.
                           Ent. 29)>
      text0291.gif <@subject Nycteola revayana var. ramosana: B. Ent. 29,
                            legend+text>
      text0292.gif <@subject Nycteola revayana var. ramosana: B. Ent. 29, text
                            cont.>

# \i{}Ochropleura\i0{} <Hbner>/
      noctui01.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: O. pracox (Portland Moth) and O. fennica
                            (Eversmanns Rustic), with 10 related genera:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=448 y=9
                                t=1, \i{}Actinotia polyodon\i0{} (The Purple
                                Cloud); 2, \i{}Axylia putris\i0{} (The Flame);
                                3, \i{}Rhyacia simulans\i0{} (Dotted Rustic); 4,
                                \i{}Eugnorisma glareosa\i0{} (Autumnal Rustic);
                                5, \i{}Paradiarsia\i0{} (\i{}Protolampra\i0{})
                                \i{}sobrina\i0{} (Cousin German); 6,
                                \i{}Lycophotia porphyrea\i0{} (True Lovers'
                                Knot); 7, \i{}OCHROPLEURA praecox\i0{} (Portland
                                Moth); 8, \i{}Ochropleura fennica\i0{}
                                (Eversmann's Rustic); 9, \i{}Eugnorisma
                                depuncta\i0{} (Plain Clay); 10(a) and (b),
                                \i{}Standfussiana lucernea\i0{} (Northern
                                Rustic); 11, \i{}Ochropleura flammatra\i0{} (The
                                Black Collar); 12, \i{}Ochropleura plecta\i0{}
                                (Flame Shoulder); 13, \i{}Eugraphe subrosea\i0{}
                                (Rosy Marsh Moth); 14, \i{}Spaelotis ravida\i0{}
                                (Stout Dart); 15, \i{}Graphiphora augur\i0{}
                                (Double Dart). From Newman (1869).>
      kirbnoc1.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=443 y=7
                                t=NOCTUINAE. : 8 and 20, Xestia ditrapezium
                                (Triple-spotted Clay); 9, Noctua janthe (Lesser
                                Broad-border); 10, "Hiria linogrisea", cf.
                                Epiplecta; 11, Noctua fimbria (Broad-bordered
                                Yellow Underwing); 12, Graphiophora augur
                                (Double Dart); 13, Spaelotis ravida (Stout
                                Dart); 14, Noctua pronuba (Yellow Underwing);
                                15, Noctua orbona (Lunar Yellow Underwing); 16,
                                Noctua comes (Lesser Yellow Underwing); 17,
                                Xestia triangulum (Double Square Spot); 18,
                                Xestia baja (Dotted Clay ); 19, Xestia c-nigrum
                                (Setaceous Hebrew Character); 20, Xestia
                                ditrapezium (Triple-spotted Clay); 21, Diarsia
                                brunnea (Purple Clay); 22, Diarsia mendica
                                (Ingrailed Clay); 23, Paradiarsia glareosa
                                (Autumnal Rustic); 24, Chersotis multangula; 25,
                                Chersotis cuprea; 26, Chersotis ocellina; 27,
                                Ochropleura plectra (Flame Shoulder). From Kirby
                                34, with names updated.>
      kirby035.jpg <@subject Noctuinae and Hadeninae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=450 y=333
                                t=NOCTUINAE. 1,Rhacia simulans (True Lover's
                                Knot); 2, Acylia putris (Flame); 3, Agrotis
                                exclamationis (Heart and Dart); 4, Euxoa tritica
                                (White Line Dart); 5, Agrotis ipsilon (Dark
                                Sword-grass); 6, Agrotis segetum (Common Dart,
                                or Turnip Moth); 7, Agrotis vestigialis
                                (Archer's Dart); 8, \i{}Ochropleura praecox\i0{}
                                (Portland Moth); 9, Anaplectoides prasina (Green
                                Arches); 10, Eurois occulta (Great Brocade).
                                HADENINAE. 11, Cerapteryx graminis (Antler
                                Moth); 12, Tholera decimalis (Feathered Gothic);
                                13, Pacheta sagittigera (Feathered Ear); 14,
                                Polia bombycina (Pale Shining Brown); 15, Polia
                                trimaculosa (Silvery Arches); 16, Polia nebulosa
                                (Grey Arches); 17, Lacanobia contigua (Beautiful
                                Brocade); 18, Ceramica pisi (Broom Moth); 19,
                                Mamestra brassicae (Cabbage Moth); 20, Melanchra
                                persicariae (Dot). From Kirby 35>
      bent539.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: Actebia praecox (Portland Moth, Portland
                           Dart: B. Ent. 539)>
      text5391.gif <@subject Actebia praecox: B. Ent. 539, legend+text>
      text5392.gif <@subject Actebia praecox: B. Ent. 539, text cont.>

# \i{}Oligia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      amphip02.jpg <@subject O. strigilis (Marbled Minor) and O. fasciuncula
                            (Middle-barred Minor), with 7 related genera:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=292 y=252
                                t=1, Enargia paleacea (Angle-striped Sallow); 2,
                                Parastichtis ypsillon (The Dismal, Dingy
                                Shears); 3, Dicycla oo (The Heart Moth); 4,
                                Mesoligia literosa (Rosy Minor); 5,(a)-(c),
                                Mesoligia furuncula (Cloaked Minor); 6, Eremobia
                                ochroleuca (Dusky Sallow); 7(a)-(c), Cosmia
                                trapezina (The Dun-bar); 8, Cosmia affinis
                                (Lesser-spotted Pinion); 9, Cosmia pyralina
                                (Lunar-spotted Pinion); 10, Cosmia diffinis
                                (White-spotted Pinion); 11, Hyppa rectilinea
                                (The Saxon); 12(a)-(d), \i{}Oligia
                                strigilis\i0{} (Marbled Minor); 13, \i{}Oligia
                                fasciuncula\i0{} (Middle-barred Minor);
                                14(a)-(e), Mesapamea secalis (Common Rustic).
                                From Newman, 1869.>
      oligia01.jpg <@subject Oligia strigilis (Marbled Minor: melanics, photos)>
                   <@text x=23 y=21
                                t=1, \i{}Oligia fasciuncula\i0{} (Middle-barred
                                Minor); 2-4, probably all \i{}Oligia
                                strigilis\i0{} (Marbled Minor, melanics:
                                identifications unreliable, without examining
                                the genitalia). Only melanic individuals
                                tentatively referred to \i{}O. strigilis\i0{}
                                (e.g., 3 and 4) were seen in the Leek district
                                (habitats rural, but only 10 and 30 miles
                                respectively from Stoke-on-Trent and Manchester)
                                during the decade 1948-1958, no normal
                                specimens being seen; probably reflecting drift
                                to predominant industrial melanism from the
                                pre-existing rural melanism described and
                                illustrated by Newman in 1869 (cf. the
                                preceeding illustration). \par{}\par{}1, Leek,
                                Staffs, July 1956; 2, Trentham, Stoke-on-Trent,
                                July 1951 (R.G. Warren); 3 and 4, Leek, June
                                1957. From Watson's collection.>
      kirby040.jpg <@subject O. strigilis, with Cuculliinae, Amphipyrinae and
                            Noctuinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=917 y=8
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1,Dryobotodes eremita (Brindled
                                Green); 2, Dichonia aprilina
                                (Merveille-du-Jour); 3, Lamprosticta culta; 4,
                                Meganephria bimaculosa (Double-spot Brocade); 5,
                                Allophyes oxyacanthae (Green-brindled Crescent);
                                6, Valeria oleagina (Green Brindled Dot); 10,
                                Blepharita satura (Beautiful Arches); 11,
                                Eremobia ochroleuca (Dusky Sallow); 22, Hyppa
                                rectilinea (Clouded Brocade); 23, Auchmis
                                detersa. AMPHIPYRINAE. 7, Luperina testacea
                                (Flounced Rustic); 8, Thalophila matura (Straw
                                Underwing); 9, Calamia tridens virens (Burren
                                Green); 12, Apamea lateritia (Scarce Brindle);
                                13, Apamea monoglypha (Dark Arches); 14, Apamea
                                lithoxylaea (Light Arches); 15, Apamea sordens
                                (Rustic Shoulder-knot); 16, Apamea crenata
                                (Clouded-bordered Brindle); 17, Apamea remissa
                                (Dusky Brocade); 18, Mesapamea secalis (Common
                                Rustic); \i{}19, Oligia strigilis (Marbled
                                Minor)\i0{}; 20, Mesoligia furuncula (Cloaked
                                Minor); 21, Dypterygia scabriuscula (Bird's
                                Wing); 25, Callopistria juventina; 26,
                                Polyphaenis sericata. NOCTUINAE. 24, Actinotia
                                polyodon (Purple Cloud). From Kirby 40, with
                                names updated.>
      dpon0101.jpg <@subject Larvae and pupa of O. strigilis: Duponchel and
                            Gune (1849)>
                   <@text x=49 y=23
                                t=Noctuidae. \i{}Oligia strigilis\i0{} (Marbled
                                Minor). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.>

# \i{}Omphaloscelis\i0{} <Hampson>/
      bent237.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae: Omphaloscelis lunosa (Lunar Underwing:
                           B. Ent. 237)>
      text2371.gif <@subject Omphaloscelis lunosa: B. Ent. 237, legend+text>
      text2372.gif <@subject Omphaloscelis lunosa: B. Ent. 237, text cont.>
      cucull02.jpg <@subject O. lunosa and 8 related genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=667 y=130
                                t=1(a), Blepharita satura (Beautiful Brocade);
                                1(b), Blepharita adusta (Dark Brocade); 2,
                                Polymixis flavicincta (Large Ranunculus); 3,
                                Polymixis xanthomista xanthomista (The
                                Black-banded); 4, Parastichtis suspecta (The
                                Suspected); 5(a)-(c), Antitype chi (Grey Chi);
                                6(a) and (b), Eupsilia transversa (The
                                Satellite); 7(a) and (b), Eumichtis lichenea
                                (Feathered Ranunculus); 8, Jodia croceago
                                (Orange Upper-wing); 9, Conistra vaccinii (The
                                Chestnut); 10, Conistra ligula (Dark Chestnut);
                                11, Conistra rubiginea (Dotted Chestnut); 12,
                                Conistra erythrocephala (Red-headed Chestnut);
                                13(a) and (b), OMPHALOSCELIS lunosa (Lunar
                                Underwing). From Newman (1869).>

# \i{}Oria\i0{} <Hbner>/
      amphip04.jpg <@subject O. musculosa (Brighton Wainscot), and 14 related
                            genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=334 y=144
                                t=1, Panemeria tenebrata (Small Yellow
                                Underwing); 2, Elaphria venustula (The Rosy
                                Marbled); 3, Archanara geminipuncta
                                (Twin-spotted Wainscot); 4(a) and (b), Archanara
                                dissoluta (Brown-veined Wainscot); 5, Archanara
                                algae ( Reed Wainscot); 6, ORIA musculosa
                                (Brighton Wainscot); 7, Rhizedra lutosa (Large
                                Wainscot); 8(a)-(d), Charanyca trigrammica
                                (Treble Lines); 9, Arenostola phragmitidis (Fen
                                Wainscot); 10, Hoplodrina alsines (The
                                Uncertain); 11, Hoplodrina blanda (The Rustic);
                                12, Caradrina morpheus (Mottled Rustic); 13,
                                Caradrina clavipalpis (Pale Mottled Willow);
                                14(a)-(d), Chilodes peltigera (Silky Wainscot);
                                15, Stilbia anomala (The Anomalous); 16,
                                Spodoptera exigua (Small Mottled Willow); 17,
                                Acosmetia caliginosa (The Reddish Buff); 18,
                                Coenobia rufa (Small Rufous); 19, Athetis
                                pallustris (Marsh Moth). From Newman, 1869.>

# \i{}Orthosia\i0{} <Ochsenheimer>/
      orthos01.jpg <@subject 9 Orthosia species (Quakers and Drabs): Newman>
                   <@text x=449 y=101
                                t=ORTHOSIA. 1, O. cruda (Small Quaker); 2, O.
                                miniosa (Blossom Underwing); 3, O. populeti
                                (Lead-coloured Drab); 4, O. cerasi (Common
                                Quaker); 5, O. gothica (Hebrew Character); 6(a)
                                and (b), O. opima (Northern Drab); 7, O.
                                gracilis (Powdered Quaker); 8, O. munda
                                (Twin-spotted Quaker); 9(a)-(e), O. incerta
                                (Clouded Drab). From Newman.>
      orthos02.jpg <@subject British Orthosia species (Quakers and Drabs):
                            photos>
                   <@text x=501 y=180
                                t=ORTHOSIA. 1-5, \i{}O. incerta\i0{} (Clouded
                                Drab); 6, \i{}O. populeti\i0{} (Lead-coloured
                                Drab); 7, \i{}O. opima\i0{} (Northern Drab); 8
                                and 9, \i{}O. gothica\i0{} (Hebrew Character);
                                10 and 11, \i{}O. cerasa\i0{} (Common Quaker);
                                12 and 13, \i{}O. gracilis\i0{} (Powdered
                                Quaker); 14 and 15, \i{}O. cruda\i0{} (Small
                                Quaker); 16-20, \i{}O. munda\i0{} (Twin-spotted
                                Quaker). Exemplifying marked polymorphism in
                                \i{}O. munda\i0{}, and a high incidence of
                                melanism in \i{}O. incerta\i0{}, in collections
                                made from the same locality. \par{}\par{}1-5 and
                                8-20: Ballington Wood, Leek, Staffs., April-May
                                1948-1958. 6, provenance unknown. 7, Wallasey,
                                May 1936 (E.G. & R.G. Warren). The scale is
                                approximate. From Watsons collection.>
      kirbhad1.jpg <@subject Hadeninae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=747 y=36
                                t=HADENINAE. 1, Orthosia gothica (Hebrew
                                Character); 2, Orthosia miniosa Blossom
                                Underwing); 3, Orthosia cruda (Small Quaker); 4,
                                Orthosia cerasi (Common Quaker); 5, Orthosia
                                gracilis (Powdered Quaker); 6, Orthosia incerta
                                (Clouded Drab); 7, Orthosia munda (Twin-spot
                                Quaker); 8, Panolis flammea (Pine Beauty); 12,
                                Mythimna pallens (Common Wainscot); 13, Mythimna
                                comma (Shoulder-striped Wainscot); 14, Mythimna
                                conigera (Brown-line Bright Eye); 15, Mythimna
                                L-album; 16, \i{}Egira spicillaris\i0{} (Silver
                                Cloud). From Kirby 36-38.>

# \i{}Pachetra\i0{} <Guene>/
      haden01.jpg <@subject P. sagittigera britannica (Feathered Ear), with
                           other Hadeninae: Newman>
                  <@text x=906 y=13
                               t=1(a) and (b), Anarta myrtillae (Beautiful
                               Yellow Underwing); 2, Anarta melanopa
                               (Broad-bordered White Underwing); 3, Anarta
                               cordigera (Small Dark Yellow Underwing); 4,
                               Discestra trifolii (The Nutmeg); 5(a) and (b),
                               Polia nebulosa (Grey Arches, normal forms); 5(c)
                               and (d), Polia nebulosa (Grey Arches, varieties);
                               6, Polia trimaculosa (Silvery Arches); 7, Polia
                               bombycina (Pale-shining Brown); 8, PACHETRA
                               sagittigera britannica (Feathered Ear); 9,
                               Sideridis albicolon (White Colon); 10, Melanchra
                               persicariae (The Dot); 11, Hada plebeja (The
                               Shears); 12, Heliophobus reticulata (Bordered
                               Gothic); 13, Mamestra brassicae (Cabbage Moth).
                               From Newman, 1869.>
      step0241.jpg <@subject Pachetra sagittigera (Feathered Ear): Stephens II,
                            1830>

# \i{}Panemeria\i0{} <Hbner>/
      amphip04.jpg <@subject P. tenebrata (Small Yellow Underwing), and 14
                            related genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=334 y=144
                                t=1, PANEMERIA tenebrata (Small Yellow
                                Underwing); 2, Elaphria venustula (The Rosy
                                Marbled); 3, Archanara geminipuncta
                                (Twin-spotted Wainscot); 4(a) and (b), Archanara
                                dissoluta (Brown-veined Wainscot); 5, Archanara
                                algae ( Reed Wainscot); 6, Oria musculosa
                                (Brighton Wainscot); 7, Rhizedra lutosa (Large
                                Wainscot); 8(a)-(d), Charanyca trigrammica
                                (Treble Lines); 9, Arenostola phragmitidis (Fen
                                Wainscot); 10, Hoplodrina alsines (The
                                Uncertain); 11, Hoplodrina blanda (The Rustic);
                                12, Caradrina morpheus (Mottled Rustic); 13,
                                Caradrina clavipalpis (Pale Mottled Willow);
                                14(a)-(d), Chilodes peltigera (Silky Wainscot);
                                15, Stilbia anomala (The Anomalous); 16,
                                Spodoptera exigua (Small Mottled Willow); 17,
                                Acosmetia caliginosa (The Reddish Buff); 18,
                                Coenobia rufa (Small Rufous); 19, Athetis
                                pallustris (Marsh Moth). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirby042.jpg <@subject Acontiinae, Amphipyrinae, Hadeninae and
                            Heliothidinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=897 y=169
                                t=ACONTIINAE. 13, Acontia lucida (Pale
                                Shoulder); 17, Eublemma minutata (Scarce
                                Marbled); 18, Deltote bankiana (Silver Barred);
                                19, Eustrotia uncula (Silver Hook); 20,
                                Lithacodia deceptoria (Pretty Marbled); 21,
                                Lithacodia pygarga (Marbled White Spot); 22,
                                Emmelia trabealis (Spotted Sulphur).
                                AMPHIPYRINAE. \b{}5, Panemeria tenebrata (Small
                                Yellow Underwing)\b0{}. HADENINAE. 3, Anarta
                                myrtilli (Beautiful Yellow Underwing); 4, Anarta
                                cordigera (Small Dark Yellow Underwing).
                                HELIOTHIDINAE. 8. Heliothis viriplaca (Marbled
                                Clover); 9, Protoschinia scutosa (Spotted
                                Clover); 10, Heliothis peltigera (Bordered
                                Straw); 11, Periphanes delphinii (Pease
                                Blossom); 12, Pyrrhia umbra (Bordered Sallow) .
                                CATOCALINAE. 28, Minucia lunaris (Lunar Double
                                Stripe). From Kirby, 42.>

# \i{}Panolis\i0{} <Hbner>/
      bent117.jpg <@subject Hadeninae: Panolis flammea (Pine-destroying Noctua,
                           Pine Beauty. B. Ent. 117)>
      text1171.gif <@subject Panolis flammea: B. Ent. 117, legend+text>
      text1172.gif <@subject Panolis flammea: B. Ent. 117, text cont.>
      haden03.jpg <@subject P. flammea (Pine Beauty), with Hadena and Egira:
                           Newman>
                  <@text x=287 y=238
                               t=1(a)-(e), Hadena perplexa (Tawny Shears,
                               various forms); 2, Hadena perplexa capsophila
                               (The Pod lover); 3, Hadena caesia mananii (The
                               Grey); 4, Hadena rivularis (The Campion); 5(a)
                               and (b), Hadena confusa (Marbled Coronet); 6(a),
                               Hadena bicruris (The Lychnis, typical form);
                               6(b), Hadena bicruris (unusual variety); 7(a) and
                               (b), Hadena luteago barrettii (Barrett's Marbled
                               Coronet); 8, Hadena albimacula (The White Spot);
                               9(a)-(c), Egira (The Silver Cloud); 10,
                               \i{}Panolis flammea\i0{} (Pine Beauty). From
                               Newman, 1869.>
      kirbhad1.jpg <@subject Hadeninae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=747 y=36
                                t=HADENINAE. 1, Orthosia gothica (Hebrew
                                Character); 2, Orthosia miniosa Blossom
                                Underwing); 3, Orthosia cruda (Small Quaker); 4,
                                Orthosia cerasi (Common Quaker); 5, Orthosia
                                gracilis (Powdered Quaker); 6, Orthosia incerta
                                (Clouded Drab); 7, Orthosia munda (Twin-spot
                                Quaker); 8, Panolis flammea (Pine Beauty); 12,
                                Mythimna pallens (Common Wainscot); 13, Mythimna
                                comma (Shoulder-striped Wainscot); 14, Mythimna
                                conigera (Brown-line Bright Eye); 15, Mythimna
                                L-album; 16, \i{}Egira spicillaris\i0{} (Silver
                                Cloud). From Kirby 36-38>

# \i{}Paracolax\i0{} <Hbner>/
      leech011.jpg <@subject P. tristalis (Clay Fan-foot), with Herminiinae,
                            Hypeninae and Rivulinae: Leech, 1886>
                   <@text x=469 y=30
                                t=NOCTUIDAE-RIVULINAE. 1. \i{}Colobochyla
                                salicalis\i0{} (Lesser Belle). 9, \i{}Rivula
                                sericealis\i0{}(Straw Dot). HYPENINAE. 2,
                                \i{}Hypena proboscidalis\i0{} (Snout); 3,
                                \i{}Hypena rostralis\i0{} (Buttoned Snout); 4,
                                \i{}Hypena crassalis\i0{} (Beautiful Snout. 4,
                                \i{}Schrankia taenialis\i0{} (White-line Snout);
                                6, \i{}Schrankia costaestrigalis\i0{}
                                (Pinion-streaked Snout). 7, \b{}Hypenodes
                                humidalis\b0{} (Marsh Oblique-barred).
                                HERMINIINAE. 8, \i{}Trisateles emortualis\i0{}
                                (Olive Crescent). 10, \b{}Paracolax
                                tristalis\b0{} (Clay Fan-foot). 11,
                                \i{}Pechipogo strigulata\i0{} (Common Fan-foot).
                                12, \i{}Zanclognatha tarsipennalis\i0{} (The
                                Fan-foot). Leech, 1886.>
      south147.jpg <@subject British Hypeninae (1: Fan-foot Moths)>
                   <@text x=444 y=70
                                t=1(a) and (b), Zanclognatha tarsipennalis (The
                                Fan-foot); 2(a) and (b), Herminia grisealis
                                (Small Fan-foot); 3(a) and (b), Macrochilo
                                cribrumalis (Dotted Fan-foot); \i{}4, Paracolax
                                tristalis (Clay Fan-foot)\i0{}; 5, Trisateles
                                emortualis (Olive Crescent); 6(a) and (b),
                                Pechipogo strigilata (Common Fan-foot). Swain,
                                1961.>
      step0332.jpg <@subject Paracolax tristalis (Clay Fan-foot): Stephens IV,
                            1834)>

# \i{}Paradiarsia\i0{} <McDunnough>/
      noctui01.jpg <@subject P. sobrina (Cousin German, = Protolampra), and 10
                            related genera of Noctuinae: Newman>
                   <@text x=448 y=9
                                t=1, \i{}Actinotia polyodon\i0{} (The Purple
                                Cloud); 2, \i{}Axylia putris\i0{} (The Flame);
                                3, \i{}Rhyacia simulans\i0{} (Dotted Rustic); 4,
                                \i{}Eugnorisma glareosa\i0{} (Autumnal Rustic);
                                5, \i{}PARADIARSIA\i0{} (\i{}Protolampra\i0{})
                                \i{}sobrina\i0{} (Cousin German); 6,
                                \i{}Lycophotia porphyrea\i0{} (True Lovers'
                                Knot); 7, \i{}Ochropleura praecox\i0{} (Portland
                                Moth); 8, \i{}Ochropleura fennica\i0{}
                                (Eversmanns Rustic); 9, \i{}Eugnorisma
                                depuncta\i0{} (Plain Clay); 10(a) and (b),
                                \i{}Standfussiana lucernea\i0{} (Northern
                                Rustic); 11, \i{}Ochropleura flammatra\i0{} (The
                                Black Collar); 12, \i{}Ochropleura plecta\i0{}
                                (Flame Shoulder); 13, \i{}Eugraphe subrosea\i0{}
                                (Rosy Marsh Moth); 14, \i{}Spaelotis ravida\i0{}
                                (Stout Dart); 15, \i{}Graphiphora augur\i0{}
                                (Double Dart). From Newman (1869).>
      kirbnoc1.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=443 y=7
                                t=NOCTUINAE. : 8 and 20, Xestia ditrapezium
                                (Triple-spotted Clay); 9, Noctua janthe (Lesser
                                Broad-border); 10, "Hiria linogrisea", cf.
                                Epiplecta; 11, Noctua fimbria (Broad-bordered
                                Yellow Underwing); 12, Graphiophora augur
                                (Double Dart); 13, Spaelotis ravida (Stout
                                Dart); 14, Noctua pronuba (Yellow Underwing);
                                15, Noctua orbona (Lunar Yellow Underwing); 16,
                                Noctua comes (Lesser Yellow Underwing); 17,
                                Xestia triangulum (Double Square Spot); 18,
                                Xestia baja (Dotted Clay ); 19, Xestia c-nigrum
                                (Setaceous Hebrew Character); 20, Xestia
                                ditrapezium (Triple-spotted Clay); 21, Diarsia
                                brunnea (Purple Clay); 22, Diarsia mendica
                                (Ingrailed Clay); 23, Paradiarsia glareosa
                                (Autumnal Rustic); 24, Chersotis multangula; 25,
                                Chersotis cuprea; 26, Chersotis ocellina; 27,
                                Ochropleura plectra (Flame Shoulder). From Kirby
                                34, with names updated.>

# \i{}Parascotia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      ophid01.jpg <@subject P. fuliginaria (Waved Black), with other
                           Ophiderinae: Newman>
                  <@text x=459 y=867
                               t=1(a)-(c), Tyta luctuosa (The Four-spotted); 2,
                               Catephia alchymista (The Alchymist); 3,
                               Scoliopteryx libatrix (The Herald); 4, Lygephila
                               pastinum (Blackneck); 5, Lygephila craccae
                               (Scarce Blackneck); 6, Phytometra viridaria
                               (Small Purple-barred); 7, \i{}Parascotia
                               fuliginaria\i0{} (Waved Black). From Newman,
                               1869.>
      ophid02.jpg <@subject British Ophiderinae>
                  <@text x=429 y=133
                               t=1, Tyta luctuosa (The Four-spotted); 2*,
                               Tathorhynchus exsiccata (Levant Blackneck:
                               Amphipyrinae); 3, Lygephila pastinum (Blackneck);
                               4, Lygephila cracca (Scarce Blackneck); 5,
                               Colobochyla salicalis (Lesser Belle); 6, Rivula
                               sericealis (Straw Dot); 7, Scoliopteryx libatrix
                               (Herald); 8, Phytometra viridaria (Small
                               Purple-barred); 9, \i{}Parascotia
                               fuliginaria\i0{} (Waved Black); 10, Laspeyria
                               flexula (Beautiful Hook-tip). Swain, 1961.>
      kirbyhyp.jpg <@subject P. fuliginaria, with other Ophiderinae and
                            Hypeninae: Kirby 44>
                   <@text x=870 y=20
                                t=OPHIDERINAE. 1, Laspeyria flexula (Beautiful
                                Hook-tip); \i{}2, Parascotia fuliginaria (Waved
                                Black)\i0{}; 5, Colobochyla salicalis (Lesser
                                Belle). HYPENINAE. 3, Herminia grisealis (Small
                                Fan-foot); 4, Herminia tarsicrinalis (Fan-foot);
                                6, Polypogon tentacularia; 7, Pechipogo
                                strigilata(Common Fan-foot); 8, Hypena crassalis
                                (Beautiful Snout); 9, Hypena proboscidalis
                                (Snout); 10, Hypena obesalis (Paignton Snout).
                                From Kirby 44.>

# \i{}Parastichtis\i0{} <Hbner>/
      cucull02.jpg <@subject P. suspecta (The Suspected), and related species:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=667 y=130
                                t=1(a), Blepharita satura (Beautiful Brocade);
                                1(b), Blepharita adusta (Dark Brocade); 2,
                                Polymixis flavicincta (Large Ranunculus); 3,
                                Polymixis xanthomista xanthomista (The
                                Black-banded); 4, PARASTICHTIS suspecta (The
                                Suspected); 5(a)-(c), Antitype chi (Grey Chi);
                                6(a) and (b), Eupsilia transversa (The
                                Satellite); 7(a) and (b), Eumichtis lichenea
                                (Feathered Ranunculus); 8, Jodia croceago
                                (Orange Upper-wing); 9, Conistra vaccinii (The
                                Chestnut); 10, Conistra ligula (Dark Chestnut);
                                11, Conistra rubiginea (Dotted Chestnut); 12,
                                Conistra erythrocephala (Red-headed Chestnut);
                                13(a) and (b), Omphaloscelis lunosa (Lunar
                                Underwing). From Newman (1869).>
      amphip02.jpg <@subject P. ypsillon (The Dismal, The Dingy Shears), and
                            related genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=281 y=250
                                t=1, Enargia paleacea (Angle-striped Sallow);
                                \i{}2, Parastichtis ypsillon (The Dismal, Dingy
                                Shears)\i0{}; 3, Dicycla oo (The Heart Moth); 4,
                                Mesoligia literosa (Rosy Minor); 5,(a)-(c),
                                Mesoligia furuncula (Cloaked Minor); 6, Eremobia
                                ochroleuca (Dusky Sallow); 7(a)-(c), \i{}Cosmia
                                trapezina\i0{} (The Dun-bar); 8, \i{}Cosmia
                                affinis\i0{} (Lesser-spotted Pinion); 9,
                                \i{}Cosmia pyralina\i0{} (Lunar-spotted Pinion);
                                10, \i{}Cosmia diffinis\i0{} (White-spotted
                                Pinion); 11, Hyppa rectilinea (The Saxon);
                                12(a)-(d), Oligia strigilis (Marbled Minor); 13,
                                Oligia fasciuncula (Middle-barred Minor);
                                14(a)-(e), Mesapamea secalis (Common Rustic).
                                From Newman, 1869.>

# \i{}Pechipogo\i0{} <Hbner>/
      leech011.jpg <@subject Pechipogo strigulata (Common Fan-foot), with other
                            Herminiinae, Hypeninae and Rivulinae: Leech, 1886>
                   <@text x=469 y=30
                                t=NOCTUIDAE-RIVULINAE. 1. \i{}Colobochyla
                                salicalis\i0{} (Lesser Belle). 9, \i{}Rivula
                                sericealis\i0{}(Straw Dot). HYPENINAE. 2,
                                \i{}Hypena proboscidalis\i0{} (Snout); 3,
                                \i{}Hypena rostralis\i0{} (Buttoned Snout); 4,
                                \i{}Hypena crassalis\i0{} (Beautiful Snout. 4,
                                \i{}Schrankia taenialis\i0{} (White-line Snout);
                                6, \i{}Schrankia costaestrigalis\i0{}
                                (Pinion-streaked Snout). 7, \i{}Hypenodes
                                humidalis\i0{} (Marsh Oblique-barred).
                                HERMINIINAE. 8, \i{}Trisateles emortualis\i0{}
                                (Olive Crescent). 10, \i{}Paracolax
                                tristalis\i0{} (Clay Fan-foot). 11,
                                \b{}Pechipogo strigulata\b0{} (Common Fan-foot).
                                12, \i{}Zanclognatha tarsipennalis\i0{} (The
                                Fan-foot). Leech, 1886.>
      south147.jpg <@subject British Hypeninae (1: Fan-foot Moths)>
                   <@text x=444 y=70
                                t=1(a) and (b), Zanclognatha tarsipennalis (The
                                Fan-foot); 2(a) and (b), Herminia grisealis
                                (Small Fan-foot); 3(a) and (b), Macrochilo
                                cribrumalis (Dotted Fan-foot); 4, Paracolax
                                tristalis (Clay Fan-foot); 5, Trisateles
                                emortualis (Olive Crescent); 6(a) and (b),
                                \i{}Pechipogo strigilata (Common Fan-foot)\i0{}.
                                Swain, 1961.>
      kirbyhyp.jpg <@subject Ophiderinae and Hypeninae: Kirby 44>
                   <@text x=870 y=20
                                t=OPHIDERINAE. 1, Laspeyria flexula (Beautiful
                                Hook-tip); 2, Parascotia fuliginaria (Waved
                                Black); 5, Colobochyla salicalis (Lesser Belle).
                                HYPENINAE. 3, Herminia grisealis (Small
                                Fan-foot); 4, Herminia tarsicrinalis (Fan-foot);
                                6, Polypogon tentacularia; 7, \i{}Pechipogo
                                strigilata (Common Fan-foot)\i0{}; 8, Hypena
                                crassalis (Beautiful Snout); 9, Hypena
                                proboscidalis (Snout); 10, Hypena obesalis
                                (Paignton Snout). From Kirby.>

# \i{}Peridroma\i0{} <Hbner>/
      noctui02.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: P. saucia (Pearly Underwing) and related
                            genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=509 y=7
                                t=1(a)-(c), PERIDROMA saucia (Pearly Underwing);
                                2, Anaplectoides prasina (Green Arches);
                                3(a)-(f), Diarsia mendica mendica (Ingrailed
                                Clay); 4, Diarsia dahlii (Barred Chestnut); 5,
                                Naenia typica (The Gothic); 6, Diarsia rubi
                                (Small Square-spot); 7, Diarsia brunnea (Purple
                                Clay); 8(a) and (b), Eurois occulta (Great
                                Brocade). From Newman (1869).>

# \i{}Perigea\i0{} <Guene>/

# \i{}Periphanes\i0{} <Hbner>/
      bent076.jpg <@subject Heliothidinae: Periphanes delphinii (Pease-blossom:
                           B. Ent. 76)>
      text0761.gif <@subject Periphanes delphinii: B. Ent. 76, legend>
      kirby042.jpg <@subject Acontiinae, Amphipyrinae, Hadeninae and
                            Heliothidinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=897 y=169
                                t=ACONTIINAE. 13, Acontia lucida (Pale
                                Shoulder); 17, Eublemma minutata (Scarce
                                Marbled); 18, Deltote bankiana (Silver Barred);
                                19, Eustrotia uncula (Silver Hook); 20,
                                Lithacodia deceptoria (Pretty Marbled); 21,
                                Lithacodia pygarga (Marbled White Spot); 22,
                                Emmelia trabealis (Spotted Sulphur).
                                AMPHIPYRINAE. 5, Panemeria tenebrata (Small
                                Yellow Underwing). HADENINAE. 3, Anarta myrtilli
                                (Beautiful Yellow Underwing); 4, Anarta
                                cordigera (Small Dark Yellow Underwing).
                                HELIOTHIDINAE. 8. Heliothis viriplaca (Marbled
                                Clover); 9, Protoschinia scutosa (Spotted
                                Clover); 10, Heliothis peltigera (Bordered
                                Straw); \b{}11, Periphanes delphinii (Pease
                                Blossom)\b0{}; 12, Pyrrhia umbra (Bordered
                                Sallow) . CATOCALINAE. 28, Minucia lunaris
                                (Lunar Double Stripe). From Kirby 42.>
      dpon055.jpg <@subject Larvae and pupae of P. delphinii and Calophasia
                           lunula: Duponchel and Gune (1849)>
                  <@text x=788 y=295
                               t=Noctuidae. 1, \i{}Periphanes delphinii\i0{}
                               (Pease Blossom). 2, \i{}Calophasia lunula\i0{}
                               (Toadflax Brocade). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.>

# \i{}Phlogophora\i0{} <Treitschke>/
      meticulo.jpg <@subject P. meticulosa (The Angle Shades): photo>
      amphip01.jpg <@subject P. meticulosa (The Angle Shades), and 8 related
                            genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=518 y=187
                                t=1(a) and (b), Mormo maura (The Old Lady); 2,
                                Amphipyra pyramidea (Copper Underwing); 3,
                                Amphipyra tragopoginis (The Mouse); 4,
                                Dypterygia scabriuscula (The Bird's Wing); 5,
                                Thalpophila matura (Straw Underwing); 6(a) and
                                (b), Rusina ferruginea (Brown Rustic); 7,
                                Trachea aptriplicis (The Orache Moth); 8,
                                Euplexia lucipara (Small Angle-shades); 9,
                                PHLOGOPHORA meticulosa (The Angle Shades); 10,
                                Ipimorpha subtusa (The Olive); 11, Ipimorpha
                                retusa (The Small Olive). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirbamp1.jpg <@subject Amphipyrinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=131 y=7
                                t=AMPHIPYRINAE. 1, Trachea atriplicis (Orache
                                Moth); 2, Euplexia lucipara (Small
                                Angle-shades); 4, \i{}Phlogophora
                                meticulosa\i0{} (Angle-shades); 5, Mormo maura
                                (Old Lady); 8, Amphipoea oculea (Golden Ear); 9,
                                Gortyna flavago (Frosted Orange); 10, Archanara
                                cannae (Reed Wainscot); 11, Nonagria typhae
                                (Bulllrush Moth); 12, Diclya 00 (Heart); 13,
                                Cosmia pyralina (Lunar-spotted Pinion); 14,
                                Cosmia diffinis (White-spotted Pinion); 15,
                                Cosmia affinis (Lesser-spotted Pinion); 16,
                                Cosmia trapezina (Dun Bar); 17, Ipimorpha retusa
                                (Double Kidney); 21, Amphipyra tragopogonis
                                (Mouse); 22, Amphipyra pyramidea Copper
                                Underwing). From Kirby 36 and 38.>

# \i{}Photedes\i0{} <Lederer>/
      amphip03.jpg <@subject The British species of Photedes, with 6 related
                            genera>
                   <@text x=710 y=87
                                t=1(a) and (b), Photedes captiuncula (Least
                                Minor); 2(a)-(c), Photedes pygmina (Small
                                Wainscot); 3(a) and (b), Photedes minima (Small
                                Dotted Buff); 4, Photedes elymi (The Lyme
                                Grass); 5, Photedes morrisii (Bond's Wainscot);
                                6, Photedes brevilinea (Fenn's Wainscot); 7(a)
                                and (b), Photedes extrema (The Concolorous);
                                8(a) and (b), Photedes fluxa (Mere Wainscot);
                                9(a) and (b), Amphipoea spp. (The Ear -
                                requiring examination of genitalia to
                                distinguish the species); 10, Luperina testacea
                                (Flounced Rustic); 11, Luperina dumerilii
                                (Dumeril's Luperina); 12, Hydraecia micacea
                                (Rosy Rustic); 13, Hydraecia petasitis (The
                                Butterbur); 14, Gortyna flavago (Frosted
                                Orange); 15(a) and (b), Celaena leucostigma
                                leucostigma (The Crescent) 16, Celaena haworthii
                                (Haworth's Minor); 17(a) and (b), Nonagria
                                typhae (The Bullrush). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirbamp2.jpg <@subject Amphipyrinae (Photedes, Stilbia, Apamea,
                            Spodoptera): Kirby>
                   <@text x=36 y=34
                                t=AMPHIPYRINAE. 9, \i{}Photedes morrisii
                                bondii\i0{} (Morris's Wainscot); 10, Stilbia
                                anomala (The Anomalous Moth); 21, Apamea difflua
                                var. assimilis (Northern Arches); 22, Apamea
                                zeta marmorata (The Exile); 23, Spodoptera
                                littoralis (Mediterranean Brocade). From Kirby
                                52.>

# \i{}Phytometra\i0{} <Haworth>/
      ophid01.jpg <@subject \i{}P. viridaria (Small Purple-barred), with other
                           Ophiderinae: Newman>
                  <@text x=459 y=867
                               t=1(a)-(c), Tyta luctuosa (The Four-spotted); 2,
                               Catephia alchymista (The Alchymist); 3,
                               Scoliopteryx libatrix (The Herald); 4, Lygephila
                               pastinum (Blackneck); 5, Lygephila craccae
                               (Scarce Blackneck); 6, \i{}Phytometra
                               viridaria\i0{} (Small Purple-barred); 7,
                               Parascotia fuliginaria (Waved Black). From
                               Newman, 1869.>
      ophid02.jpg <@subject British Ophiderinae: Swain>
                  <@text x=429 y=133
                               t=1, Tyta luctuosa (The Four-spotted); 2*,
                               Tathorhynchus exsiccata (Levant Blackneck:
                               Amphipyrinae); 3, Lygephila pastinum (Blackneck);
                               4, Lygephila cracca (Scarce Blackneck); 5,
                               Colobochyla salicalis (Lesser Belle); 6, Rivula
                               sericealis (Straw Dot); 7, Scoliopteryx libatrix
                               (Herald); 8, \i{}Phytometra viridaria\i0{} (Small
                               Purple-barred); 9, Parascotia fuliginaria (Waved
                               Black); 10, Laspeyria flexula (Beautiful
                               Hook-tip). Swain, 1961.>

# \i{}Plathypena\i0{} <Grote>/

# \i{}Plusia\i0{} <\i{}Ochsenheimer\i0{}>/
      plusii01.jpg <@subject Plusia festucae (Gold Spot), with other genera of
                            Plusiinae: Newman>
                   <@text x=292 y=415
                                t=1, Abrostola trigemina (Dark Spectacle); 2,
                                Abrostola triplasia (The Spectacle, or Light
                                Spectacle); 3, Trichoplusia ni (Ni Moth); 4,
                                Diachrysia chrysitis (Burnished Brass); 5,
                                Diachrysia orichalcea (Scarce Burnished Brass);
                                6, PLUSIA festucae (Gold Spot); 7, Autographa
                                gamma (Silver Y); 8, Autographa jota (Plain
                                Golden Y); 9, Autographa pulchrina (Beautiful
                                Golden Y); 10, Autographa bractea (Gold
                                Spangle); 11, Syngrapha interrogationis (Scarce
                                Silver Y). From Newman, 1869.>
      plusii02.jpg <@subject Plusia festucae (Gold Spot), with other Plusiinae:
                            photos>
                   <@text x=264 y=939
                                t=Figs. 1-2, \i{}Autographa gamma\i0{} (Silver
                                Y); 3-4, \i{}Autographa pulchrina\i0{}
                                (Beautiful Golden Y); 5-6, \i{}Autographa
                                jota\i0{} (Plain Golden Y); 7-8, \i{}Polychrysia
                                moneta\i0{} (Golden Plusia); 9-10,
                                \i{}Diachrysia chrysitis\i0{} (Burnished Brass);
                                11-12, \i{}Plusia festucae\i0{} (Gold Spot).
                                \par{}\par{}1-2, Cheddleton near Leek, Staffs.,
                                Sept. 1952; 3-6 and 9-12, Cheddleton, July 1952.
                                7-8, Leek, July 1951. From Watsons collection.>
      kirby041.jpg <@subject P. festucae (Gold Spot), with Cuculliinae and other
                            Plusiinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=839 y=430
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Cucullia verbasci (Mullein
                                Shark); 2, Cucullia asteris (Starwort Shark); 3
                                and 5, Cucullia umbratica (Shark); 4, Cucullia
                                lactucae (Lettuce Shark); 5, Cucullia umbratica
                                (Shark); 6, Cucullia chamomillae (Chamomile
                                Shark); 7, Cucullia artemisiae (Scarce Wormwood
                                Shark); 8, Cucullia absinthii (Wormwood Shark);
                                9, Cucullia argentea (Green Silver-spangle); 10,
                                Eutelia adulatrix; 11, Allophyes oxyacanthae ab.
                                capucina (Green-brindled Crescent, var.); 12,
                                Eucarta amethystina . PLUSIINAE. 13, Abrostola
                                trigemina (Dark Spectacle); 14, Abrostola
                                triplasia (Spectacle); 15, Lamprotes c-aureum;
                                16, Polychrysia moneta (Golden Plusia); 17,
                                Euchalia consona; 18, Euchalcia modestoides; 19,
                                Diachrysia chrysitis (Burnished Brass); 20,
                                Autographa bractea (Gold Spangle); \i{}21,
                                Plusia festucae (Gold Spot)\i0{}; 22, Autographa
                                jota (Plain Golden Y); 23, Autographa gamma
                                (Silver Y); 24, Syngrapha interrogationis
                                (Scarce Silver Y); 25, Syngrapha ain; 26,
                                Syngrapha hochenwarthi. From Kirby 41.>
      dpon054.jpg <@subject Larvae and pupae of P. festucae and Autographa
                           gamma: Duponchel and Gune (1849)>
                  <@text x=75 y=226
                               t=Noctuidae. 1, \i{}Autographa gamma\i0{} (Silver
                               Y). 2, \i{}Plusia festucae\i0{} (Gold Spot).
                               Duponchel and Gune, 1849.>

# \i{}Polia\i0{} <Ochsenheimer>/
      polneb02.jpg <@subject Polia nebulosa (Grey Arches), light and melanic
                            forms: photos>
                   <@text x=905 y=33
                                t=\i{}Polia nebulosa\i0{} (Grey Arches): Females
                                (1 and 3) and males of light and melanic forms
                                of a species exhibiting industrial melanism (cf.
                                Ford, 1955). The two specimens of the latter (3
                                and 4) typify the material collected in the Leek
                                district (N. Staffs.) during the decade
                                1948-1958, when the adult moths were mainly
                                found at rest on walls of buildings during the
                                day. Habitat rural, but within 10 and 30 miles
                                respectively of heavily industrialised
                                Stoke-on-Trent and Manchester. \par{}\par{}1,
                                Millbrook (June 1930, F. Boddington); 2,
                                Folkestone, Kent (June 1908, R.A. Nichols); 3
                                and 4, Cheddleton near Leek, Staffs. (July 1949,
                                L. Watson). From Watson's collection.>
      haden01.jpg <@subject Hadeninae: The 4 British Polia species, with 8
                           related genera: Newman>
                  <@text x=906 y=13
                               t=1(a) and (b), Anarta myrtillae (Beautiful
                               Yellow Underwing); 2, Anarta melanopa
                               (Broad-bordered White Underwing); 3, Anarta
                               cordigera (Small Dark Yellow Underwing); 4,
                               Discestra trifolii (The Nutmeg); 5(a) and (b),
                               POLIA nebulosa (Grey Arches, normal forms); 5(c)
                               and (d), POLIA nebulosa (Grey Arches, varieties);
                               6, POLIA trimaculosa (Silvery Arches); 7, POLIA
                               bombycina (Pale-shining Brown); 8, Pachetra
                               sagittigera britannica (Feathered Ear); 9,
                               Sideridis albicolon (White Colon); 10, Melanchra
                               persicariae (The Dot); 11, Hada plebeja (The
                               Shears); 12, Heliophobus reticulata (Bordered
                               Gothic); 13, Mamestra brassicae (Cabbage Moth).
                               From Newman, 1869.>
      kirby035.jpg <@subject Noctuinae and Hadeninae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=450 y=333
                                t=NOCTUINAE. 1,Rhacia simulans (True Lover's
                                Knot); 2, Acylia putris (Flame); 3, Agrotis
                                exclamationis (Heart and Dart); 4, Euxoa tritica
                                (White Line Dart); 5, Agrotis ipsilon (Dark
                                Sword-grass); 6, Agrotis segetum (Common Dart,
                                or Turnip Moth); 7, Agrotis vestigialis
                                (Archer's Dart); 8, Ochropleura praecox
                                (Portland Moth); 9, Anaplectoides prasina (Green
                                Arches); 10, Eurois occulta (Great Brocade).
                                HADENINAE. 11, Cerapteryx graminis (Antler
                                Moth); 12, Tholera decimalis (Feathered Gothic);
                                13, Pacheta sagittigera (Feathered Ear); 14,
                                \i{}Polia bombycina\i0{} (Pale Shining Brown);
                                15, \i{}Polia trimaculosa\i0{} (Silvery Arches);
                                16, \i{}Polia nebulosa\i0{} (Grey Arches); 17,
                                Lacanobia contigua (Beautiful Brocade); 18,
                                Ceramica pisi (Broom Moth); 19, Mamestra
                                brassicae (Cabbage Moth); 20, Melanchra
                                persicariae (Dot). From Kirby 35.>

# \i{}Polychrysia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      plusii02.jpg <@subject Polychrysia moneta (Golden Plusia, with other
                            Plusiinae: photos)>
                   <@text x=264 y=939
                                t=Figs. 1-2, \i{}Autographa gamma\i0{} (Silver
                                Y); 3-4, \i{}Autographa pulchrina\i0{}
                                (Beautiful Golden Y); 5-6, \i{}Autographa
                                jota\i0{} (Plain Golden Y); 7-8, \i{}Polychrysia
                                moneta\i0{} (Golden Plusia); 9-10,
                                \i{}Diachrysia chrysitis\i0{} (Burnished Brass);
                                11-12, \i{}Plusia festucae\i0{} (Gold Spot).
                                \par{}\par{}1-2, Cheddleton near Leek, Staffs.,
                                Sept. 1952; 3-6 and 9-12, Cheddleton, July 1952.
                                7-8, Leek, July 1951. From Watsons collection.>
      kirby041.jpg <@subject P. moneta (Golden Plusia), with Cuculliinae and
                            other Plusiinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=839 y=430
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Cucullia verbasci (Mullein
                                Shark); 2, Cucullia asteris (Starwort Shark); 3
                                and 5, Cucullia umbratica (Shark); 4, Cucullia
                                lactucae (Lettuce Shark); 5, Cucullia umbratica
                                (Shark); 6, Cucullia chamomillae (Chamomile
                                Shark); 7, Cucullia artemisiae (Scarce Wormwood
                                Shark); 8, Cucullia absinthii (Wormwood Shark);
                                9, Cucullia argentea (Green Silver-spangle); 10,
                                Eutelia adulatrix; 11, Allophyes oxyacanthae ab.
                                capucina (Green-brindled Crescent, var.); 12,
                                Eucarta amethystina . PLUSIINAE. 13, Abrostola
                                trigemina (Dark Spectacle); 14, Abrostola
                                triplasia (Spectacle); 15, Lamprotes c-aureum;
                                \i{}16, Polychrysia moneta (Golden Plusia)\i0{};
                                17, Euchalia consona; 18, Euchalcia modestoides;
                                19, Diachrysia chrysitis (Burnished Brass); 20,
                                Autographa bractea (Gold Spangle); 21, Plusia
                                festucae (Gold Spot); 22, Autographa jota (Plain
                                Golden Y); 23, Autographa gamma (Silver Y); 24,
                                Syngrapha interrogationis (Scarce Silver Y); 25,
                                Syngrapha ain; 26, Syngrapha hochenwarthi. From
                                Kirby 41.>

# \i{}Polymixis\i0{} <Hbner>/
      cucull02.jpg <@subject P. flavicincta (Large Ranunculus) and P.
                            xanthomista xanthomista (The Black-banded),with 8
                            related genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=667 y=130
                                t=1(a), Blepharita satura (Beautiful Brocade);
                                1(b), Blepharita adusta (Dark Brocade); 2,
                                POLYMIXIS flavicincta (Large Ranunculus); 3,
                                Polymixis xanthomista xanthomista (The
                                Black-banded); 4, Parastichtis suspecta (The
                                Suspected); 5(a)-(c), Antitype chi (Grey Chi);
                                6(a) and (b), Eupsilia transversa (The
                                Satellite); 7(a) and (b), Eumichtis lichenea
                                (Feathered Ranunculus); 8, Jodia croceago
                                (Orange Upper-wing); 9, Conistra vaccinii (The
                                Chestnut); 10, Conistra ligula (Dark Chestnut);
                                11, Conistra rubiginea (Dotted Chestnut); 12,
                                Conistra erythrocephala (Red-headed Chestnut);
                                13(a) and (b), Omphaloscelis lunosa (Lunar
                                Underwing). From Newman (1869).>
      kirby039.jpg <@subject Hadeninae and Cuculliinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=921 y=5
                                t=HADENINAE. 1, Lacanobia thalassina
                                (Pale-shouldered Brocade); 2, Lacanobia suasa
                                (Dog's Tooth); 3, Lacanobia oleracea
                                (Bright-line Brown-eye); 4, Lacanobia w-latinum
                                (Light Brocade); 5, Hada plebeja (Shears); 6,
                                Dicestra trifolii (Nutmeg); 7, Heliophobus
                                reticulata; 8, Hecatera dysodea (Ranunculus
                                Moth); 9, Hecatera bicolorata (Broad-barred
                                White); 10, Hadena caesia; 11, Hadena confusa
                                (Marbled Coronet); 12, Hadena compta; 13, Hadena
                                bicruris (Lychnis); 14, Hadena rivularis
                                (Campion Moth); 15, Hadena perplexa (Tawny
                                Shears); 16, Hadena irregularis; 17, Episema
                                trimacula, cf. E. tersa. CUCULLIINAE. 18,
                                Aporophyla nigra (Black Rustic); 19, Ammoconia
                                caecimacula; \i{}20, Polymixis polymita\i0{};
                                \i{}21, Polymixis flavicincta (Large
                                Ranunculus)\i0{}; 22, Antitype chi (Grey Chi).
                                From Kirby 39, with names updated.>

# \i{}Polypogon\i0{} <Schrank>/
      leech011.jpg <@subject Polypogon strigulata (Common Fan-foot, = Pechipogo)
                            and P. tarsipennalis (The Fan-foot, = Zanclognatha),
                            with other Herminiinae, Hypeninae and Rivulinae:
                            Leech, 1886>
                   <@text x=469 y=30
                                t=NOCTUIDAE-RIVULINAE. 1. \i{}Colobochyla
                                salicalis\i0{} (Lesser Belle). 9, \i{}Rivula
                                sericealis\i0{}(Straw Dot). HYPENINAE. 2,
                                \i{}Hypena proboscidalis\i0{} (Snout); 3,
                                \i{}Hypena rostralis\i0{} (Buttoned Snout); 4,
                                \i{}Hypena crassalis\i0{} (Beautiful Snout. 4,
                                \i{}Schrankia taenialis\i0{} (White-line Snout);
                                6, \i{}Schrankia costaestrigalis\i0{}
                                (Pinion-streaked Snout). 7, \i{}Hypenodes
                                humidalis\i0{} (Marsh Oblique-barred).
                                HERMINIINAE. 8, \i{}Trisateles emortualis\i0{}
                                (Olive Crescent). 10, \i{}Paracolax
                                tristalis\i0{} (Clay Fan-foot). 11,
                                \i{}Polypogon\i0{} (\i{}Pechipogo\i0{})
                                \i{}strigulata\i0{} (Common Fan-foot). 12,
                                \i{}Polypogon\i0{} (\i{}Zanclognatha\i0{})
                                \i{}tarsipennalis\i0{} (The Fan-foot). Leech,
                                1886.>
      leech022.jpg <@subject P. grisealis (Small Fan-foot, = Herminia), with
                            Macrochilo and Laspeyria: Leech, 1886>
                   <@text x=826 y=901
                                t=NOCTUIDAE-HERMINIINAE. 1, \i{}Polypogon\i0{}
                                (\i{}Herminia\i0{}) \i{}grisealis\i0{} Small
                                Fan-foot). 2, \i{}Macrochilo cribrumalis\i0{}
                                (Dotted Fan-foot). NOCTUIDAE-RIVULINAE. 3,
                                \i{}Laspeyria flexula\i0{} (Beautiful Hook-tip).
                                From Leech, 1886.>
      south147.jpg <@subject British Hypeninae (Fan-foot Moths 1, Swain)>
                   <@text x=444 y=70
                                t=1(a) and (b), \i{}Polypogon tarsipennalis\i0{}
                                (The Fan-foot); 2(a) and (b), \i{}Polypogon
                                nemoralis\i0{} (Small Fan-foot); 3(a) and (b),
                                Macrochilo cribrumalis (Dotted Fan-foot); 4,
                                Paracolax tristalis (Clay Fan-foot); 5,
                                Trisateles emortualis (Olive Crescent); 6(a) and
                                (b), \i{}Polypogon strigilata\i0{} (Common
                                Fan-foot). Swain, 1961.>
      kirbyhyp.jpg <@subject Ophiderinae and Hypeninae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=870 y=20
                                t=OPHIDERINAE. 1, Laspeyria flexula (Beautiful
                                Hook-tip); 2, Parascotia fuliginaria (Waved
                                Black); 5, Colobochyla salicalis (Lesser Belle).
                                HYPENINAE. 3, Polypogon nemoralis (Small
                                Fan-foot); 4, Polypogon tarsicrinalis
                                (Fan-foot); 6, Polypogon tentacularia; 7,
                                Polypogon strigilata (Common Fan-foot); 8,
                                \i{}Hypena crassalis\i0{} (Beautiful Snout); 9,
                                \i{}Hypena proboscidalis\i0{} (Snout); 10,
                                \i{}Hypena obesalis\i0{} (Paignton Snout). From
                                Kirby (44).>

# \i{}Prodotis\i0{} <John>/
      gramm01.jpg <@subject P. stolida (The Geometrician)>
                  <@text x=16 y=820 w=389 h=152 m
                         t=Prodotis stolida ('The Geometrician')>

# \i{}Protoschinia\i0{} <Hardwick>/
      kirby042.jpg <@subject Acontiinae, Amphipyrinae, Hadeninae and
                            Heliothidinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=897 y=169
                                t=ACONTIINAE. 13, Acontia lucida (Pale
                                Shoulder); 17, Eublemma minutata (Scarce
                                Marbled); 18, Deltote bankiana (Silver Barred);
                                19, Eustrotia uncula (Silver Hook); 20,
                                Lithacodia deceptoria (Pretty Marbled); 21,
                                Lithacodia pygarga (Marbled White Spot); 22,
                                Emmelia trabealis (Spotted Sulphur).
                                AMPHIPYRINAE. 5, Panemeria tenebrata (Small
                                Yellow Underwing). HADENINAE. 3, Anarta myrtilli
                                (Beautiful Yellow Underwing); 4, Anarta
                                cordigera (Small Dark Yellow Underwing).
                                HELIOTHIDINAE. 8. Heliothis viriplaca (Marbled
                                Clover); \b{}9, Protoschinia scutosa (Spotted
                                Clover)\b0{}; 10, Heliothis peltigera (Bordered
                                Straw); 11, Periphanes delphinii (Pease
                                Blossom); 12, Pyrrhia umbra (Bordered Sallow) .
                                CATOCALINAE. 28, Minucia lunaris (Lunar Double
                                Stripe). From Kirby 42.>

# \i{}Pseudenargia\i0{} <Boursin>/
      southadv.jpg <@subject P. ulicis (The Berber), with other adventive
                            Noctuidae: Swain>
                   <@text x=833 y=455
                                t=1, Mesogana acetosellae (Pale Stigma); 2,
                                Graphania dives; 3, \i{}Pseudenargia ulicis\i0{}
                                (The Berber); 4, Sedina buettneri (Blair's
                                Wainscot). Swain, 1961.>

# \i{}Pseudoips\i0{} <Hbner>/

      kirbychl.jpg <@subject Chloephorinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=816 y=914
                                t=21, Earias clorana (Cream-bordered Pea); 22,
                                Pseudoips prasinana prasinana (Green
                                Silver-lines); \i{}23a-c, Bena bicolorana
                                (Scarce Silver-lines)\i0{}. From Kirby 22.>

# \i{}Pyrrhia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      heliot01.jpg <@subject P. umbra (Bordered Sallow), with other
                            Heliothidinae and Acontiinae: Newman>
                   <@text x=287 y=605
                                t=HELIOTHIDINAE. \b{}1, Pyrrhia umbra (Bordered
                                Sallow)\b0{}; 2, Helicoverpa armigera (Scarce
                                Bordered Straw); 3, Heliothis viriplaca (Marbled
                                Clover); 4, Heliothis peltigera (Bordered
                                Straw). ACONTIINAE. 5, Lithacodia pygarga
                                (Marbled White Spot); 6, Eustrotia uncula
                                (Silver Hook); 7, Eublemma ostrina (Purple
                                Marbled); 8, Eublemma parva (Small Marbled); 9,
                                Acontia lucida (Pale Shoulder); 10, Deltote
                                bankiana (Silver-Barred); 11, Emmelia trabealis
                                (Spotted Sulphur). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirby042.jpg <@subject P. umbra (Bordered Sallow), with Acontiinae,
                            Amphipyrinae, Hadeninae and other Heliothidinae:
                            Kirby>
                   <@text x=897 y=169
                                t=ACONTIINAE. 13, Acontia lucida (Pale
                                Shoulder); 17, Eublemma minutata (Scarce
                                Marbled); 18, Deltote bankiana (Silver Barred);
                                19, Eustrotia uncula (Silver Hook); 20,
                                Lithacodia deceptoria (Pretty Marbled); 21,
                                Lithacodia pygarga (Marbled White Spot); 22,
                                Emmelia trabealis (Spotted Sulphur).
                                AMPHIPYRINAE. 5, Panemeria tenebrata (Small
                                Yellow Underwing). HADENINAE. 3, Anarta myrtilli
                                (Beautiful Yellow Underwing); 4, Anarta
                                cordigera (Small Dark Yellow Underwing).
                                HELIOTHIDINAE. 8. Heliothis viriplaca (Marbled
                                Clover); 9, Protoschinia scutosa (Spotted
                                Clover); 10, Heliothis peltigera (Bordered
                                Straw); 11, Periphanes delphinii (Pease
                                Blossom); \b{}12, Pyrrhia umbra (Bordered
                                Sallow)\b0{}. CATOCALINAE. 28, Minucia lunaris
                                (Lunar Double Stripe). From Kirby 42.>

# \i{}Raphia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      panth01.jpg <@subject R. frater, with other Pantheinae: Swain>
                  <@text x=462 y=222
                               t=1(a) and (b), Colocasia coryli (Nut-tree
                               Tussock); 2*, Charadra deridens (Marbled
                               Tuffett); 3*, \i{}Raphia frater\i0{}. Swain,
                               1961.>

# \i{}Rhizedra\i0{} <Warren>/
      amphip04.jpg <@subject R. lutosa (Large Wainscot), with related genera:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=334 y=144
                                t=1, Panemeria tenebrata (Small Yellow
                                Underwing); 2, Elaphria venustula (The Rosy
                                Marbled); 3, Archanara geminipuncta
                                (Twin-spotted Wainscot); 4(a) and (b), Archanara
                                dissoluta (Brown-veined Wainscot); 5, Archanara
                                algae ( Reed Wainscot); 6, Oria musculosa
                                (Brighton Wainscot); 7, RHIZEDRA lutosa (Large
                                Wainscot); 8(a)-(d), Charanyca trigrammica
                                (Treble Lines); 9, Arenostola phragmitidis (Fen
                                Wainscot); 10, Hoplodrina alsines (The
                                Uncertain); 11, Hoplodrina blanda (The Rustic);
                                12, Caradrina morpheus (Mottled Rustic); 13,
                                Caradrina clavipalpis (Pale Mottled Willow);
                                14(a)-(d), Chilodes peltigera (Silky Wainscot);
                                15, Stilbia anomala (The Anomalous); 16,
                                Spodoptera exigua (Small Mottled Willow); 17,
                                Acosmetia caliginosa (The Reddish Buff); 18,
                                Coenobia rufa (Small Rufous); 19, Athetis
                                pallustris (Marsh Moth). From Newman, 1869.>
      bent459.jpg <@subject Rhizedra lutosa (Nonagria vectis, Isle of Wight
                           Wainscot: B. Ent. 459)>
      text4591.gif <@subject Rhizedra lutosa (Nonagria vectis): B. Ent. 459,
                            legend+text>
      text4592.gif <@subject Rhizedra lutosa (Nonagria vectis): B. Ent. 459,
                            text cont.>

# \i{}Rhyacia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      noctui01.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: R. simulans (Dotted Rustic), and related
                            genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=448 y=9
                                t=1, \i{}Actinotia polyodon\i0{} (The Purple
                                Cloud); 2, \i{}Axylia putris\i0{} (The Flame);
                                3, \i{}RHYACIA simulans\i0{} (Dotted Rustic); 4,
                                \i{}Eugnorisma glareosa\i0{} (Autumnal Rustic);
                                5, \i{}Paradiarsia\i0{} (\i{}Protolampra\i0{})
                                \i{}sobrina\i0{} (Cousin German); 6,
                                \i{}Lycophotia porphyrea\i0{} (True Lovers'
                                Knot); 7, \i{}Ochropleura praecox\i0{} (Portland
                                Moth); 8, \i{}Ochropleura fennica\i0{}
                                (Eversmanns Rustic); 9, \i{}Eugnorisma
                                depuncta\i0{} (Plain Clay); 10(a) and (b),
                                \i{}Standfussiana lucernea\i0{} (Northern
                                Rustic); 11, \i{}Ochropleura flammatra\i0{} (The
                                Black Collar); 12, \i{}Ochropleura plecta\i0{}
                                (Flame Shoulder); 13, \i{}Eugraphe subrosea\i0{}
                                (Rosy Marsh Moth); 14, \i{}Spaelotis ravida\i0{}
                                (Stout Dart); 15, \i{}Graphiphora augur\i0{}
                                (Double Dart). From Newman (1869).>

# \i{}Rivula\i0{} <Guene in Duponchel>/
      ophid02.jpg <@subject R. sericealis (Straw Dot) and other Ophiderinae>
                  <@text x=429 y=133
                               t=1, Tyta luctuosa (The Four-spotted); 2*,
                               Tathorhynchus exsiccata (Levant Blackneck:
                               Amphipyrinae); 3, Lygephila pastinum (Blackneck);
                               4, Lygephila cracca (Scarce Blackneck); 5,
                               Colobochyla salicalis (Lesser Belle); 6,
                               \i{}Rivula sericealis\i0{} (Straw Dot); 7,
                               Scoliopteryx libatrix (Herald); 8, Phytometra
                               viridaria (Small Purple-barred); 9, Parascotia
                               fuliginaria (Waved Black); 10, Laspeyria flexula
                               (Beautiful Hook-tip). Swain, 1961.>

# \i{}Rusina\i0{} <Stephens>/
      amphip01.jpg <@subject R. ferruginea (Brown Rustic), and 8 related genera
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=518 y=187
                                t=1(a) and (b), Mormo maura (The Old Lady); 2,
                                Amphipyra pyramidea (Copper Underwing); 3,
                                Amphipyra tragopoginis (The Mouse); 4,
                                Dypterygia scabriuscula (The Bird's Wing); 5,
                                Thalpophila matura (Straw Underwing); 6(a) and
                                (b); 7, Trachea aptriplicis (The Orache Moth);
                                8, Euplexia lucipara (Small Angle-shades); 9,
                                Phlogophora meticulosa (The Angle Shades); 10,
                                Ipimorpha subtusa (The Olive); 11, Ipimorpha
                                retusa (The Small Olive). From Newman, 1869.>

# \i{}Schinia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      bent595.jpg <@subject Schinia scutosa (Marbled Wormwood): B. Ent. 595>
      text5951.gif <@subject Schinia scutosa : B. Ent. 595, legend+text>
      text5952.gif <@subject Schinia scutosa : B. Ent. 595, text cont.>

# \i{}Schrankia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      leech011.jpg <@subject S. taenialis (White-line Snout) and S.
                            costaestrigalis (Pinion-streaked Snout), with
                            Herminiinae, Hypeninae and Rivulinae: Leech, 1886>
                   <@text x=469 y=30
                                t=NOCTUIDAE-RIVULINAE. 1. \i{}Colobochyla
                                salicalis\i0{} (Lesser Belle). 9, \i{}Rivula
                                sericealis\i0{}(Straw Dot). HYPENINAE. 2,
                                \i{}Hypena proboscidalis\i0{} (Snout); 3,
                                \i{}Hypena rostralis\i0{} (Buttoned Snout); 4,
                                \i{}Hypena crassalis\i0{} (Beautiful Snout. 4,
                                \b{}Schrankia taenialis\b0{} (White-line Snout);
                                6, \b{}Schrankia costaestrigalis\b0{}
                                (Pinion-streaked Snout). 7, \i{}Hypenodes
                                humidalis\i0{} (Marsh Oblique-barred).
                                HERMINIINAE. 8, \i{}Trisateles emortualis\i0{}
                                (Olive Crescent). 10, \i{}Paracolax
                                tristalis\i0{} (Clay Fan-foot). 11,
                                \i{}Pechipogo strigulata\i0{} (Common Fan-foot).
                                12, \i{}Zanclognatha tarsipennalis\i0{} (The
                                Fan-foot). Leech, 1886.>
      south144.jpg <@subject S. taenialis (White-line Snout) and S.
                            costaestrigalis (Pinion-streaked Snout), with other
                            Hypeninae: Swain>
                   <@text x=445 y=152
                                t=1(a) and (b), Hypena crassalis (Beautiful
                                Snout); 2, Hypena proboscidalis (The Snout); 3,
                                Hypena obsetalis (Bloxworth Snout); 4, Hypena
                                obesalis (Paignton Snout); 5(a) and (b), Hypena
                                rostralis (Buttoned Snout); 6(a) and (b),
                                SCHRANKIA taenialis (White-line Snout); 7,
                                Hypenodes humidalis (Marsh Oblique-barred); 8(a)
                                and (b), SCHRANKIA costaestrigalis
                                (Pinion-streaked Snout). Swain, 1961.>

# \i{}Scoliopteryx\i0{} <Germar>/
      ophid01.jpg <@subject Scoliopteryx libatrix (The Herald), with other
                           Ophiderinae: Newman>
                  <@text x=459 y=867
                               t=1(a)-(c), Tyta luctuosa (The Four-spotted); 2,
                               Catephia alchymista (The Alchymist); 3,
                               \i{}Scoliopteryx libatrix\i0{} (The Herald); 4,
                               Lygephila pastinum (Blackneck); 5, Lygephila
                               craccae (Scarce Blackneck); 6, Phytometra
                               viridaria (Small Purple-barred); 7, Parascotia
                               fuliginaria (Waved Black). From Newman, 1869.>
      ophid02.jpg <@subject British Ophiderinae: Swain>
                  <@text x=429 y=133
                               t=1, Tyta luctuosa (The Four-spotted); 2*,
                               Tathorhynchus exsiccata (Levant Blackneck:
                               Amphipyrinae); 3, Lygephila pastinum (Blackneck);
                               4, Lygephila cracca (Scarce Blackneck); 5,
                               Colobochyla salicalis (Lesser Belle); 6, Rivula
                               sericealis (Straw Dot); 7, \i{}Scoliopteryx
                               libatrix\i0{} (Herald); 8, Phytometra viridaria
                               (Small Purple-barred); 9, Parascotia fuliginaria
                               (Waved Black); 10, Laspeyria flexula (Beautiful
                               Hook-tip). Swain, 1961.>
      kirboph1.jpg <@subject Ophiderinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=870 y=24
                                t=OPHIDERINAE. 1, \i{}Catephia alchymista\i0{}
                                (The Alchymist); 2, Aedia funesta; 9,
                                Scoliopteryx libatrix (The Herald); 14, Tyta
                                luctuosa (The Four-spotted). From Kirby 37 and
                                42.>

# \i{}Scotochrosta\i0{} <Lederer>/
      hbiv049.jpg <@subject Scotochrosta pulla (Ash Shoulder-knot), with other noctuids: Hbner>
                  <@text x=40 y=193
                               t=Noctuidae. 236 (female) and 237 (male), Egira
                               conspicillaris (The Silver Cloud); 238,
                               SCOTOCHROSTA PULLA (The Ash Shoulder-knot); 239.
                               cf. Lithophane petrificosa; 240, Apamea
                               lithoxylaea (Light Arches). From Hbner, Plate
                               49.>

# \i{}Sedina\i0{} <Urbahn>/
      southadv.jpg <@subject S. buettneri (Blair's Wainscot), with some
                            adventive Noctuidae>
                   <@text x=833 y=455
                                t=1, Mesogana acetosellae (Pale Stigma); 2,
                                Graphania dives; 3, Pseudenargia ulicis (The
                                Berber); 4, \i{}Sedina buettneri\i0{} (Blair's
                                Wainscot). Swain, 1961.>

# \i{}Senta\i0{} <Stephens>/
      bent201.jpg <@subject Hadeninae: Mythimna flammea (Curtis, ~Senta): Flame
                           Wainscot: B. Ent. 201>
      text2011.gif <@subject Mythimna flammea: B. Ent. 201, legend+text>
      text2012.gif <@subject Mythimna flammea: B. Ent. 201, text cont.>
      newmyth1.jpg <@subject Senta flammea (Flame Waiscot, ~ Mythimna) and 15
                            Mythimna species: (Wainscots: Newman)>
                   <@text x=684 y=130
                                t=438, Mythimna conigera (Brown-line
                                Bright-eye); 439, Mythimna vitellina (The
                                Delicate); 438*, Mythimna albipuncta (Rhe
                                White-point); 440, Mythimna turca (The Double
                                Line); 441, Mythimna ferrago (The Clay); 442,
                                Mythimna unipuncta (The White-speck, or American
                                Wainscot); 443, Mythimna obsoleta (Obscure
                                Wainscot); 444, Mythimna loreyi (The
                                Cosmopolitan). 445, Mythimna litoralis (Shore
                                Wainscot); 446, Mythimna pudorina (Striped
                                Wainscot); 447, Mythimna comma (Shoulder-striped
                                Wainscot); 448, Mythimna putrescens (Devonshire
                                Wainscot); 449, Mythimna straminea (Southern
                                Wainscot); 450, Mythimna impura impura (Smoky
                                Wainscot); 451, Mythimna pallens (Common
                                Wainscot); 452(a) and (b), SENTA flammea (Flame
                                Wainscot). From Newman, 1869.>

# \i{}Sideridis\i0{} <Hbner>/
      haden01.jpg <@subject Hadeninae: S. albicolon (White Colon), and 8 related
                           genera>
                  <@text x=906 y=13
                               t=1(a) and (b), Anarta myrtillae (Beautiful
                               Yellow Underwing); 2, Anarta melanopa
                               (Broad-bordered White Underwing); 3, Anarta
                               cordigera (Small Dark Yellow Underwing); 4,
                               Discestra trifolii (The Nutmeg); 5(a) and (b),
                               Polia nebulosa (Grey Arches, normal forms); 5(c)
                               and (d), Polia nebulosa (Grey Arches, varieties);
                               6, Polia trimaculosa (Silvery Arches); 7, Polia
                               bombycina (Pale-shining Brown); 8, Pachetra
                               sagittigera britannica (Feathered Ear); 9,
                               SIDERIDIS albicolon (White Colon); 10, Melanchra
                               persicariae (The Dot); 11, Hada plebeja (The
                               Shears); 12, Heliophobus reticulata (Bordered
                               Gothic); 13, Mamestra brassicae (Cabbage Moth).>
      step0243.jpg <@subject Sideridis albicolon (White Colon): Stephens II,
                            1830>

# \i{}Simyra\i0{} <Ochsenheimer>/
      newmacr1.jpg <@subject S. albovenosa (Powdered Wainscot), and other
                            Acronictinae: Newman>
                   <@text x=614 y=128
                                t=1, Moma alpium (Scarce Merveille-du-jour); 2,
                                Acronicta megacephala (Poplar Grey); 3,
                                Acronicta aceris (The Sycamore: 1b representing
                                a dark var.); 4, Acronicta leporina (The
                                Miller); 5, Acronicta alni (The Alder); 6,
                                Acronicta tridens (Dark Dagger, 6a representing
                                the typical form); 7, Acronicta psi (Grey
                                Dagger); 8, Acronicta strigosa (Marsh Dagger);
                                9, Acronicata menyanthidis (Light Knot-Grass, a
                                and b representing the typical form); 10,
                                Acronicta auricoma (Scarce Dagger); 11,
                                Acronicta euphorbiae myricae (Sweet Gale Moth);
                                12, Acronicta rumicis (The Knot-Grass); 13,
                                \i{}Simyra albovenosa\i0{} (Powdered Wainscot);
                                14, Craniophora ligustri (The Coronet); 15,
                                Cryphia algae (Tree-lichen Beauty); 16, Cryphia
                                domestica (Marbled beauty); 17, Cryphia muralis
                                (Marbled Green). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirbyacr.jpg <@subject Acronictinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=918 y=10
                                t=ACRONICTINAE. 10, \i{}Simyra albovenosa\i0{}
                                (Reed Dagger); 12, Acronicta leporina (Miller);
                                13, Acronicata aceris (Sycamore); 14, Acronicta
                                megacephala (Poplar Grey); 15, Acronicta alni
                                (Alder Moth); 16, Acronicta tridens (Dark
                                Dagger); 17, Acronicta psi (Grey Dagger); 18,
                                Acronicta auricoma (Scarce Dagger); 19,
                                Acronicta rumicis (Knot-grass); 20, Craniophora
                                ligustri (Coronet). From Kirby 33.>

# \i{}Spaelotis\i0{} <Boisduval>/
      noctui01.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: S. ravida (Stout Dart), with 10 related
                            genera>
                   <@text x=448 y=9
                                t=1, \i{}Actinotia polyodon\i0{} (The Purple
                                Cloud); 2, \i{}Axylia putris\i0{} (The Flame);
                                3, \i{}Rhyacia simulans\i0{} (Dotted Rustic); 4,
                                \i{}Eugnorisma glareosa\i0{} (Autumnal Rustic);
                                5, \i{}Paradiarsia\i0{} (\i{}Protolampra\i0{})
                                \i{}sobrina\i0{} (Cousin German); 6,
                                \i{}Lycophotia porphyrea\i0{} (True Lovers'
                                Knot); 7, \i{}Ochropleura praecox\i0{} (Portland
                                Moth); 8, \i{}Ochropleura fennica\i0{}
                                (Eversmanns Rustic); 9, \i{}Eugnorisma
                                depuncta\i0{} (Plain Clay); 10(a) and (b),
                                \i{}Standfussiana lucernea\i0{} (Northern
                                Rustic); 11, \i{}Ochropleura flammatra\i0{} (The
                                Black Collar); 12, \i{}Ochropleura plecta\i0{}
                                (Flame Shoulder); 13, \i{}Eugraphe subrosea\i0{}
                                (Rosy Marsh Moth); 14, \i{}SPAELOTIS ravida\i0{}
                                (Stout Dart); 15, \i{}Graphiphora augur\i0{}
                                (Double Dart). From Newman (1869).>
      kirbnoc1.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=443 y=7
                                t=NOCTUINAE. : 8 and 20, Xestia ditrapezium
                                (Triple-spotted Clay); 9, Noctua janthe (Lesser
                                Broad-border); 10, "Hiria linogrisea", cf.
                                Epiplecta; 11, Noctua fimbria (Broad-bordered
                                Yellow Underwing); 12, Graphiophora augur
                                (Double Dart); 13, Spaelotis ravida (Stout
                                Dart); 14, Noctua pronuba (Yellow Underwing);
                                15, Noctua orbona (Lunar Yellow Underwing); 16,
                                Noctua comes (Lesser Yellow Underwing); 17,
                                Xestia triangulum (Double Square Spot); 18,
                                Xestia baja (Dotted Clay ); 19, Xestia c-nigrum
                                (Setaceous Hebrew Character); 20, Xestia
                                ditrapezium (Triple-spotted Clay); 21, Diarsia
                                brunnea (Purple Clay); 22, Diarsia mendica
                                (Ingrailed Clay); 23, Paradiarsia glareosa
                                (Autumnal Rustic); 24, Chersotis multangula; 25,
                                Chersotis cuprea; 26, Chersotis ocellina; 27,
                                Ochropleura plectra (Flame Shoulder). From Kirby
                                34, with names updated.>

# \i{}Spodoptera\i0{} <Guene>/
      amphip04.jpg <@subject S. exigua (Small Mottled Willow), and 14 related
                            genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=334 y=144
                                t=1, Panemeria tenebrata (Small Yellow
                                Underwing); 2, Elaphria venustula (The Rosy
                                Marbled); 3, Archanara geminipuncta
                                (Twin-spotted Wainscot); 4(a) and (b), Archanara
                                dissoluta (Brown-veined Wainscot); 5, Archanara
                                algae ( Reed Wainscot); 6, Oria musculosa
                                (Brighton Wainscot); 7, Rhizedra lutosa (Large
                                Wainscot); 8(a)-(d), Charanyca trigrammica
                                (Treble Lines); 9, Arenostola phragmitidis (Fen
                                Wainscot); 10, Hoplodrina alsines (The
                                Uncertain); 11, Hoplodrina blanda (The Rustic);
                                12, Caradrina morpheus (Mottled Rustic); 13,
                                Caradrina clavipalpis (Pale Mottled Willow);
                                14(a)-(d), Chilodes peltigera (Silky Wainscot);
                                15, Stilbia anomala (The Anomalous); 16,
                                SPODOPTERA exigua (Small Mottled Willow); 17,
                                Acosmetia caliginosa (The Reddish Buff); 18,
                                Coenobia rufa (Small Rufous); 19, Athetis
                                pallustris (Marsh Moth). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirbamp2.jpg <@subject Amphipyrinae (Photedes, Stilbia, Apamea,
                            Spodoptera): Kirby>
                   <@text x=36 y=34
                                t=AMPHIPYRINAE. 9, Photedes morrisii bondii
                                (Morris's Wainscot); 10, Stilbia anomala (The
                                Anomalous Moth); 21, Apamea difflua var.
                                assimilis (Northern Arches); 22, Apamea zeta
                                marmorata (The Exile); 23, \i{}Spodoptera
                                littoralis\i0{} (Mediterranean Brocade). From
                                Kirby 52.>

# \i{}Standfussiana\i0{} <Boursin>/
      noctui01.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: S. lucernea (Northern Rustic), and 10
                            related genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=448 y=9
                                t=1, \i{}Actinotia polyodon\i0{} (The Purple
                                Cloud); 2, \i{}Axylia putris\i0{} (The Flame);
                                3, \i{}Rhyacia simulans\i0{} (Dotted Rustic); 4,
                                \i{}Eugnorisma glareosa\i0{} (Autumnal Rustic);
                                5, \i{}Paradiarsia\i0{} (\i{}Protolampra\i0{})
                                \i{}sobrina\i0{} (Cousin German); 6,
                                \i{}Lycophotia porphyrea\i0{} (True Lovers'
                                Knot); 7, \i{}Ochropleura praecox\i0{} (Portland
                                Moth); 8, \i{}Ochropleura fennica\i0{}
                                (Eversmanns Rustic); 9, \i{}Eugnorisma
                                depuncta\i0{} (Plain Clay); 10(a) and (b),
                                \i{}STANDFUSSIANA lucernea\i0{} (Northern
                                Rustic); 11, \i{}Ochropleura flammatra\i0{} (The
                                Black Collar); 12, \i{}Ochropleura plecta\i0{}
                                (Flame Shoulder); 13, \i{}Eugraphe subrosea\i0{}
                                (Rosy Marsh Moth); 14, \i{}Spaelotis ravida\i0{}
                                (Stout Dart); 15, \i{}Graphiphora augur\i0{}
                                (Double Dart). From Newman (1869).>

# \i{}Stilbia\i0{} <Stephens>/
      bent6311.jpg <@subject Stilbia anomalata (The Anomalous): B. Ent. 631>
      text6311.gif <@subject Stilbia anomalata: B. Ent. 631, legend+text>
      text6312.gif <@subject Stilbia anomalata: B. Ent. 631, text cont.>
      amphip04.jpg <@subject S. anomala (The Anomalous), and 14 related genera>
                   <@text x=334 y=144
                                t=1, Panemeria tenebrata (Small Yellow
                                Underwing); 2, Elaphria venustula (The Rosy
                                Marbled); 3, Archanara geminipuncta
                                (Twin-spotted Wainscot); 4(a) and (b), Archanara
                                dissoluta (Brown-veined Wainscot); 5, Archanara
                                algae ( Reed Wainscot); 6, Oria musculosa
                                (Brighton Wainscot); 7, Rhizedra lutosa (Large
                                Wainscot); 8(a)-(d), Charanyca trigrammica
                                (Treble Lines); 9, Arenostola phragmitidis (Fen
                                Wainscot); 10, Hoplodrina alsines (The
                                Uncertain); 11, Hoplodrina blanda (The Rustic);
                                12, Caradrina morpheus (Mottled Rustic); 13,
                                Caradrina clavipalpis (Pale Mottled Willow);
                                14(a)-(d), Chilodes peltigera (Silky Wainscot);
                                15, STILBIA anomala (The Anomalous); 16,
                                Spodoptera exigua (Small Mottled Willow); 17,
                                Acosmetia caliginosa (The Reddish Buff); 18,
                                Coenobia rufa (Small Rufous); 19, Athetis
                                pallustris (Marsh Moth). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirbamp2.jpg <@subject Amphipyrinae (Photedes, Stilbia, Apamea,
                            Spodoptera): Kirby>
                   <@text x=36 y=34
                                t=AMPHIPYRINAE. 9, Photedes morrisii bondii
                                (Morris's Wainscot); 10, \i{}Stilbia
                                anomala\i0{} (The Anomalous Moth); 21, Apamea
                                difflua var. assimilis (Northern Arches); 22,
                                Apamea zeta marmorata (The Exile); 23,
                                Spodoptera littoralis (Mediterranean Brocade)
                                From Kirby 52.>

# \i{}Synedoida\i0{} <Edwards>/

# \i{}Syngrapha\i0{} <Hbner>/
      plusii01.jpg <@subject S. interrogationis (Scarce Silver Y), with other
                            genera of Plusiinae: Newman>
                   <@text x=292 y=415
                                t=1, Abrostola trigemina (Dark Spectacle); 2,
                                Abrostola triplasia (The Spectacle, or Light
                                Spectacle); 3, Trichoplusia ni (Ni Moth); 4,
                                Diachrysia chrysitis (Burnished Brass); 5,
                                Diachrysia orichalcea (Scarce Burnished Brass);
                                6, Plusia festucae (Gold Spot); 7, Autographa
                                gamma (Silver Y); 8, Autographa jota (Plain
                                Golden Y); 9, Autographa pulchrina (Beautiful
                                Golden Y); 10, Autographa bractea (Gold
                                Spangle); 11, SYNGRAPHA interrogationis (Scarce
                                Silver Y). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirby041.jpg <@subject S. interrogationis and other species, with
                            Cuculliinae and other Plusiinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=839 y=430
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Cucullia verbasci (Mullein
                                Shark); 2, Cucullia asteris (Starwort Shark); 3
                                and 5, Cucullia umbratica (Shark); 4, Cucullia
                                lactucae (Lettuce Shark); 5, Cucullia umbratica
                                (Shark); 6, Cucullia chamomillae (Chamomile
                                Shark); 7, Cucullia artemisiae (Scarce Wormwood
                                Shark); 8, Cucullia absinthii (Wormwood Shark);
                                9, Cucullia argentea (Green Silver-spangle); 10,
                                Eutelia adulatrix; 11, Allophyes oxyacanthae ab.
                                capucina (Green-brindled Crescent, var.); 12,
                                Eucarta amethystina . PLUSIINAE. 13, Abrostola
                                trigemina (Dark Spectacle); 14, Abrostola
                                triplasia (Spectacle); 15, Lamprotes c-aureum;
                                16, Polychrysia moneta (Golden Plusia); 17,
                                Euchalia consona; 18, Euchalcia modestoides; 19,
                                Diachrysia chrysitis (Burnished Brass); 20,
                                Autographa bractea (Gold Spangle); 21, Plusia
                                festucae (Gold Spot); 22, Autographa jota (Plain
                                Golden Y); 23, Autographa gamma (Silver Y);
                                \i{}24, Syngrapha interrogationis (Scarce Silver
                                Y)\i0{}; 25, Syngrapha ain; 26, Syngrapha
                                hochenwarthi. From Kirby 41.>

# \i{}Synthymia\i0{} <Hbner>/

# \i{}Tathorhynchus\i0{} <Hampson>/
      ophid02.jpg <@subject Tathorhynchus exsiccata (Levant Blackneck,
                           Amphipyrinae) with Ophiderinae: Swain>
                  <@text x=429 y=133
                               t=1, Tyta luctuosa (The Four-spotted); 2*,
                               \i{}Tathorhynchus exsiccata\i0{} (Levant
                               Blackneck: Amphipyrinae); 3, Lygephila pastinum
                               (Blackneck); 4, Lygephila cracca (Scarce
                               Blackneck); 5, Colobochyla salicalis (Lesser
                               Belle); 6, Rivula sericealis (Straw Dot); 7,
                               Scoliopteryx libatrix (Herald); 8, Phytometra
                               viridaria (Small Purple-barred); 9, Parascotia
                               fuliginaria (Waved Black); 10, Laspeyria flexula
                               (Beautiful Hook-tip). Swain, 1961.>

# \i{}Thalpophila\i0{} <Hbner>/
      amphip01.jpg <@subject T. matura (Straw Underwing), and 8 related genera:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=518 y=187
                                t=1(a) and (b), Mormo maura (The Old Lady); 2,
                                Amphipyra pyramidea (Copper Underwing); 3,
                                Amphipyra tragopoginis (The Mouse); 4,
                                Dypterygia scabriuscula (The Bird's Wing); 5,
                                THALPOPHILA matura (Straw Underwing); 6(a) and
                                (b), Rusina ferruginea (Brown Rustic); 7,
                                Trachea aptriplicis (The Orache Moth); 8,
                                Euplexia lucipara (Small Angle-shades); 9,
                                Phlogophora meticulosa (The Angle Shades); 10,
                                Ipimorpha subtusa (The Olive); 11, Ipimorpha
                                retusa (The Small Olive). From Newman, 1869.>

# \i{}Tholera\i0{} <Hbner>/
      haden02.jpg <@subject T. cespitis (Hedge Rustic), T. decimalis (Feathered
                           Gothic), and 4 related genera>
                  <@text x=276 y=117
                               t=1, Lacanobia contigua (Beautiful Brocade); 2,
                               Lacanobia w-latinum (Light Brocade); 3, Lacanobia
                               oleracea (Bright-line Brown-eye); 4(a)-(c),
                               Lacanobia thalassina (Pale-shouldered Brocade);
                               5, Lacanobia suasa (The Dog's Tooth); 6,
                               Lacanobia blenna (The Stranger); 7(a)-(c),
                               Lacanobia biren (Brindled Green); 8, Ceramica
                               pisi (The Broom Moth); 9, Cerapteryx graminis
                               (The Antler Moth); 10, Hecatera dysodea (Small
                               Ranunculus); 11, Hecatera bicolorata
                               (Broad-barred White); 12, THOLERA cespitis (Hedge
                               Rustic); 13, THOLERA decimalis (Feathered
                               Gothic).>
      kirby035.jpg <@subject Noctuinae and Hadeninae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=450 y=333
                                t=NOCTUINAE. 1,Rhacia simulans (True Lover's
                                Knot); 2, Acylia putris (Flame); 3, Agrotis
                                exclamationis (Heart and Dart); 4, Euxoa tritica
                                (White Line Dart); 5, Agrotis ipsilon (Dark
                                Sword-grass); 6, Agrotis segetum (Common Dart,
                                or Turnip Moth); 7, Agrotis vestigialis
                                (Archer's Dart); 8, Ochropleura praecox
                                (Portland Moth); 9, Anaplectoides prasina (Green
                                Arches); 10, Eurois occulta (Great Brocade).
                                HADENINAE. 11, Cerapteryx graminis (Antler
                                Moth); 12, \i{}Tholera decimalis\i0{} (Feathered
                                Gothic); 13, Pacheta sagittigera (Feathered
                                Ear); 14, Polia bombycina (Pale Shinibg Brown);
                                15, Polia trimaculosa (Silvery Arches); 16,
                                Polia nebulosa (Grey Arches); 17, Lacanobia
                                contigua (Beautiful Brocade); 18, Ceramica pisi
                                (Broom Moth); 19, Mamestra brassicae (Cabbage
                                Moth); 20, Melanchra persicariae (Dot). From
                                Kirby 35.>

# \i{}Trachea\i0{} <Ochsenheimer>/
      bent431.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae: Trachea atriplicis (Orache, Orache
                           Brocade: B. Ent. 431)>
      text4311.gif <@subject Trachea atriplicis: B. Ent. 431, legend+text>
      text4312.gif <@subject Trachea atriplicis: B. Ent. 431, text cont.>
      amphip01.jpg <@subject T. aptriplicis (The Orache Moth), and 8 related
                            genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=518 y=187
                                t=1(a) and (b), Mormo maura (The Old Lady); 2,
                                Amphipyra pyramidea (Copper Underwing); 3,
                                Amphipyra tragopoginis (The Mouse); 4,
                                Dypterygia scabriuscula (The Bird's Wing); 5,
                                Thalpophila matura (Straw Underwing); 6(a) and
                                (b), Rusina ferruginea (Brown Rustic); 7,
                                TRACHEA aptriplicis (The Orache Moth); 8,
                                Euplexia lucipara (Small Angle-shades); 9,
                                Phlogophora meticulosa (The Angle Shades); 10,
                                Ipimorpha subtusa (The Olive); 11, Ipimorpha
                                retusa (The Small Olive). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirbamp1.jpg <@subject Amphipyrinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=131 y=7
                                t=AMPHIPYRINAE. 1, \i{}Trachea atriplicis\i0{}
                                (Orache Moth); 2, Euplexia lucipara (Small
                                Angle-shades); 4, Phlogophora meticulosa
                                (Angle-shades); 5, Mormo maura (Old Lady); 8,
                                Amphipoea oculea (Golden Ear); 9, Gortyna
                                flavago (Frosted Orange); 10, Archanara cannae
                                (Reed Wainscot); 11, Nonagria typhae (Bulllrush
                                Moth); 12, Diclya 00 (Heart); 13, Cosmia
                                pyralina (Lunar-spotted Pinion); 14, Cosmia
                                diffinis (White-spotted Pinion); 15, Cosmia
                                affinis (Lesser-spotted Pinion); 16, Cosmia
                                trapezina (Dun Bar); 17, Ipimorpha retusa
                                (Double Kidney); 21, Amphipyra tragopogonis
                                (Mouse); 22, Amphipyra pyramidea Copper
                                Underwing). From Kirby 36 and 38.>

# \i{}Trichoplusia\i0{} <McDunnough>/
      plusii01.jpg <@subject T. ni (Ni Moth), with 5 other genera of Plusiinae>
                   <@text x=292 y=415
                                t=1, Abrostola trigemina (Dark Spectacle); 2,
                                Abrostola triplasia (The Spectacle, or Light
                                Spectacle); 3, TRICHOPLUSIA ni (Ni Moth); 4,
                                Diachrysia chrysitis (Burnished Brass); 5,
                                Diachrysia orichalcea (Scarce Burnished Brass);
                                6, Plusia festucae (Gold Spot); 7, Autographa
                                gamma (Silver Y); 8, Autographa jota (Plain
                                Golden Y); 9, Autographa pulchrina (Beautiful
                                Golden Y); 10, Autographa bractea (Gold
                                Spangle); 11, Syngrapha interrogationis (Scarce
                                Silver Y). From Newman, 1869.>

# \i{}Trigonophora\i0{} <Hampson>/
      cucull01.jpg <@subject Trigonophora flammea (Flame Brocade), and 9 related
                            genera: Newman>
                   <@text x=286 y=231
                                t=1(a) and (b), Cleoceris viminalis (Minor
                                Shoulder-knot); 2, Leucochlaena oditis
                                (Beautiful Gothic); 3(a)-(c), Dryobotodes
                                eremita (Brindled Green); 4(a)-(c), Dasypolia
                                templi (Brindled Ochre); 5, Lithomoia
                                solidaginis (Golden-rod Brindle); 6, Valeria
                                oleagina (Green-brindled Dot); 7(a) and (b),
                                Aporophyla australis pascuea (Feathered
                                Brindle); 8(a) and (b), Aporophyla lutulenta
                                lutulenta (Deep-brown Dart); 9(a) and (b),
                                Aporophyla nigra (Black Rustic); 10(a) and (b),
                                Allophyes oxyacanthae (Green-brindled Crescent);
                                11, \i{}Trigonophora flammea\i0{} (Flame
                                Brocade); 12(a) and (b), Dichonia aprilina
                                (Merveille-du-jour). From Newman, 1869.>

# \i{}Trisateles\i0{} <Tams>/
      leech011.jpg <@subject Trisateles emortualis (Olive Crescent), with
                            Herminiinae, Hypeninae and Rivulinae: Leech, 1886>
                   <@text x=469 y=30
                                t=NOCTUIDAE-RIVULINAE. 1. \i{}Colobochyla
                                salicalis\i0{} (Lesser Belle). 9, \i{}Rivula
                                sericealis\i0{}(Straw Dot). HYPENINAE. 2,
                                \i{}Hypena proboscidalis\i0{} (Snout); 3,
                                \i{}Hypena rostralis\i0{} (Buttoned Snout); 4,
                                \i{}Hypena crassalis\i0{} (Beautiful Snout. 4,
                                \i{}Schrankia taenialis\i0{} (White-line Snout);
                                6, \i{}Schrankia costaestrigalis\i0{}
                                (Pinion-streaked Snout). 7, \i{}Hypenodes
                                humidalis\i0{} (Marsh Oblique-barred).
                                HERMINIINAE. 8, \b{}Trisateles emortualis\b0{}
                                (Olive Crescent). 10, \i{}Paracolax
                                tristalis\i0{} (Clay Fan-foot). 11,
                                \i{}Pechipogo strigulata\i0{} (Common Fan-foot).
                                12, \i{}Zanclognatha tarsipennalis\i0{} (The
                                Fan-foot). Leech, 1886.>
      south147.jpg <@subject British Hypeninae (1: Fan-foot Moths)>
                   <@text x=444 y=70
                                t=1(a) and (b), Zanclognatha tarsipennalis (The
                                Fan-foot); 2(a) and (b), Herminia grisealis
                                (Small Fan-foot); 3(a) and (b), Macrochilo
                                cribrumalis (Dotted Fan-foot); 4, Paracolax
                                tristalis (Clay Fan-foot); \i{}5, Trisateles
                                emortualis (Olive Crescent)\i0{}; 6(a) and (b),
                                Pechipogo strigilata (Common Fan-foot). Swain,
                                1961.>

# \i{}Tyta\i0{} <Billberg>/
      ophid01.jpg <@subject Tyta luctuosa (The Four-spotted), and other
                           Ophiderinae: Newman>
                  <@text x=459 y=867
                               t=1(a)-(c), \i{}Tyta luctuosa\i0{} (The
                               Four-spotted); 2, Catephia alchymista (The
                               Alchymist); 3, Scoliopteryx libatrix (The
                               Herald); 4, Lygephila pastinum (Blackneck); 5,
                               Lygephila craccae (Scarce Blackneck); 6,
                               Phytometra viridaria (Small Purple-barred); 7,
                               Parascotia fuliginaria (Waved Black). From
                               Newman, 1869.>
      ophid02.jpg <@subject British Ophiderinae: Swain>
                  <@text x=429 y=133
                               t=1, \i{}Tyta luctuosa\i0{} (The Four-spotted);
                               2*, Tathorhynchus exsiccata (Levant Blackneck:
                               Amphipyrinae); 3, Lygephila pastinum (Blackneck);
                               4, Lygephila cracca (Scarce Blackneck); 5,
                               Colobochyla salicalis (Lesser Belle); 6, Rivula
                               sericealis (Straw Dot); 7, Scoliopteryx libatrix
                               (Herald); 8, Phytometra viridaria (Small
                               Purple-barred); 9, Parascotia fuliginaria (Waved
                               Black); 10, Laspeyria flexula (Beautiful
                               Hook-tip). Swain, 1961.>
      kirboph1.jpg <@subject Ophiderinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=870 y=24
                                t=OPHIDERINAE. 1, \i{}Catephia alchymista\i0{}
                                (The Alchymist); 2, Aedia funesta; 9,
                                Scoliopteryx libatrix (The Herald); 14, Tyta
                                luctuosa (The Four-spotted). From Kirby 37 and
                                42.>

# \i{}Valeria\i0{} <Stephens>/
      cucull01.jpg <@subject Valeria oleagina (Green-brindled Dot), and related
                            genera>
                   <@text x=286 y=231
                                t=1(a) and (b), Cleoceris viminalis (Minor
                                Shoulder-knot); 2, Leucochlaena oditis
                                (Beautiful Gothic); 3(a)-(c), Dryobotodes
                                eremita (Brindled Green); 4(a)-(c), Dasypolia
                                templi (Brindled Ochre); 5, Lithomoia
                                solidaginis (Golden-rod Brindle); 6, \i{}Valeria
                                oleagina\i0{} (Green-brindled Dot); 7(a) and
                                (b), Aporophyla australis pascuea (Feathered
                                Brindle); 8(a) and (b), Aporophyla lutulenta
                                lutulenta (Deep-brown Dart); 9(a) and (b),
                                Aporophyla nigra (Black Rustic); 10(a) and (b),
                                Allophyes oxyacanthae (Green-brindled Crescent);
                                11, Trigonophora flammea (Flame Brocade); 12(a)
                                and (b), Dichonia aprilina (Merveille-du-jour).
                                From Newman, 1869.>
      kirby040.jpg <@subject V. oleagina, with Cuculliinae, Amphipyrinae and
                            Noctuinae: Kirby 40>
                   <@text x=917 y=8
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Dryobotodes eremita (Brindled
                                Green); 2, Dichonia aprilina
                                (Merveille-du-Jour); 3, Lamprosticta culta; 4,
                                Meganephria bimaculosa (Double-spot Brocade); 5,
                                Allophyes oxyacanthae (Green-brindled Crescent);
                                \i{}6, Valeria oleagina (Green Brindled
                                Dot)\i0{}; 10, Blepharita satura (Beautiful
                                Arches); 11, Eremobia ochroleuca (Dusky Sallow);
                                22, Hyppa rectilinea (Clouded Brocade); 23,
                                Auchmis detersa. AMPHIPYRINAE. 7, Luperina
                                testacea (Flounced Rustic); 8, Thalophila matura
                                (Straw Underwing); 9, Calamia tridens virens
                                (Burren Green); 12, Apamea lateritia (Scarce
                                Brindle); 13, Apamea monoglypha (Dark Arches);
                                14, Apamea lithoxylaea (Light Arches); 15,
                                Apamea sordens (Rustic Shoulder-knot); 16,
                                Apamea crenata (Clouded-bordered Brindle); 17,
                                Apamea remissa (Dusky Brocade); 18, Mesapamea
                                secalis (Common Rustic); 19, Oligia strigilis
                                (Marbled Minor); 20, Mesoligia furuncula
                                (Cloaked Minor); 21, Dypterygia scabriuscula
                                (Bird's Wing); 25, Callopistria juventina; 26,
                                Polyphaenis sericata. NOCTUINAE. 24, Actinotia
                                polyodon (Purple Cloud). From Kirby 40, with
                                names updated.>

# \i{}Xanthia\i0{} <Ochsenheimer>/
      cucull03.jpg <@subject 5 British species (Sallows), and 3 related genera:
                            Newman>
                   <@text x=282 y=108
                                t=1, Atethmia centrago (Centre-barred Sallow);
                                2, Agrochola circellaris (The Brick); 3,
                                Agrochola lota (Red-line Quaker); 4, Agrochola
                                macilenta (Yellow-line Quaker); 5, Agrochola
                                helvola (Flounced Chestnut); 6, Agrochola litura
                                (Brown-spot Pinion); 7(a) and (b), Agrochola
                                lychnidis (Beaded Chestnut); 8, \i{}Xanthia
                                citrago\i0{} (Orange Sallow); 9(a) and (b),
                                \i{}Xanthia icteritia\i0{} (The Sallow); 10,
                                \i{}Xanthia togata\i0{} (Pink-barred Sallow);
                                11, \i{}Xanthia aurago\i0{} (Barred Sallow); 12,
                                \i{}Xanthia gilvago\i0{} (Dusky-lemon Sallow);
                                13, Brachionycha nubeculosa (Rannoch Sprawler);
                                14, Brachionycha sphinx (The Sprawler). From
                                Newman, 1869.>
      kirbcuc1.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=790 y=204
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. \i{}1, Xanthia gilvago (Dusky
                                Lemon Sallow)\i0{}; 2, Jodia croceago (Orange
                                Upper-wing); 3, Mecoptera fragariae, = ?; 4,
                                Conistra erythrocephala (Red-headed Chestnut);
                                5, Orrhodia silene, = ?; 6, Conistra vacciniae
                                (Chestnut); 7, Conistra rubiginea (Dotted
                                Chestnut); 8, Eupsilia transversa (Satellite);
                                10, Lithophane socia (Pale Pinion); 11,
                                Lithophane furcifera (The Conformist); 12,
                                Lithophane ornitopus (Grey Shoulder-knot); 13,
                                Xylena vetusta (Red Sword-Grass); 14, Xylena
                                exsoleta (Sword-Grass); 15, Lithomoia
                                solidaginis (Golden-rod Brindle); 17,
                                Brachionycha nebulosa (Rannoch Sprawler); 18,
                                Brachionycha sphinx (Sprawler); 19, Calophasia
                                opalina; 20, Calophasia lunula (Flax Moth).
                                OPHIDERINAE. 9, Scoliopteryx libatrix (Herald).
                                From Kirby 37, with updated names.>

# \i{}Xestia\i0{} <Hbner>/
      xestia01.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: 11 Xestia species (Rustics) and
                            Cerastis: Newman>
                   <@text x=628 y=113
                                t=XESTIA. 1, X. alpicola alpicola (Mountain
                                Rustic); 2, X. triangulum (Double-spotted Square
                                Spot); 3, X. rhomboidea (Square-spotted Clay);
                                4, X. sexstrigata (Six-striped Rustic); 5(a) and
                                (b), X. agathina (Heath Rustic); 6, X. c-nigrum
                                (Setaceous Hebrew Character); 7(a) and (b), X.
                                ashworthii (Ashworth's Rustic); 8, X.
                                xanthographa (Square-spot Rustic); 9, X.
                                ditrapezium (Triple-spotted Clay); 10, X. baja
                                (Dotted Clay); 11(a) and (b), X. castanea (Grey
                                or Neglected Rustic). CERASTIS. 12, C.
                                leucographa (The White-marked); 13, C. rubicosa
                                (Red Chestnut). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirbnoc1.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=443 y=7
                                t=NOCTUINAE. : 8 and 20, Xestia ditrapezium
                                (Triple-spotted Clay); 9, Noctua janthe (Lesser
                                Broad-border); 10, "Hiria linogrisea", cf.
                                Epiplecta; 11, Noctua fimbria (Broad-bordered
                                Yellow Underwing); 12, Graphiophora augur
                                (Double Dart); 13, Spaelotis ravida (Stout
                                Dart); 14, Noctua pronuba (Yellow Underwing);
                                15, Noctua orbona (Lunar Yellow Underwing); 16,
                                Noctua comes (Lesser Yellow Underwing); 17,
                                Xestia triangulum (Double Square Spot); 18,
                                Xestia baja (Dotted Clay ); 19, Xestia c-nigrum
                                (Setaceous Hebrew Character); 20, Xestia
                                ditrapezium (Triple-spotted Clay); 21, Diarsia
                                brunnea (Purple Clay); 22, Diarsia mendica
                                (Ingrailed Clay); 23, Paradiarsia glareosa
                                (Autumnal Rustic); 24, Chersotis multangula; 25,
                                Chersotis cuprea; 26, Chersotis ocellina; 27,
                                Ochropleura plectra (Flame Shoulder). From Kirby
                                34, with names updated.>
      step0193.jpg <@subject Xestia agathina (Heath Rustic): Stephens II, 1830>
      step0212.jpg <@subject Xestia castanea (Neglected Rustic): Stephens II,
                            1830>

# \i{}Xylena\i0{} <Ochsenheimer>/
      bent256.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae: Xylena exsoleta (Large Sword-Grass,
                           Cloudy Sword-grass: B. Ent. 256)>
      text2561.gif <@subject Xylena exsoleta: B. Ent. 256, legend+text>
      text2562.gif <@subject Xylena exsoleta: B. Ent. 256, text cont.>
      cucull04.jpg <@subject Xylena vetusta (Red Sword-grass) and X.
                            exsoleta\i0{} (The Sword-grass), with Cucullia and
                            Xylocampa: Newman>
                   <@text x=857 y=319
                                t=1, Cucullia absinthii (Wormwood Shark); 2,
                                Cucullia chamomillae (Chamomile Shark); 3,
                                Cucullia umbratica (The Shark); 4, Cucullia
                                asteris (Star-wort Shark); 5, Cucullia lychnitis
                                (Striped Lychnis Shark); 6, Cucullia gnaphalii
                                occidentalis (Cudweed Shark); 7, Cucullia
                                scrophulariae (Water Betony Shark); 8, Cucullia
                                verbasci (Mullein Shark); 9, \i{}Xylena
                                vetusta\i0{} (Red Sword-grass); 10, \i{}Xylena
                                exsoleta\i0{} (The Sword-grass); 11, Xylocampa
                                areola (Early Grey). From Newman, 1869.>
      kirbcuc1.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae: Kirby>
                   <@text x=790 y=204
                                t=CUCULLIINAE. 1, Xanthia gilvago (Dusky Lemon
                                Sallow); 2, Jodia croceago (Orange Upper-wing);
                                3, Mecoptera fragariae, = ?; 4, Conistra
                                erythrocephala (Red-headed Chestnut); 5,
                                Orrhodia silene, = ?; 6, Conistra vacciniae
                                (Chestnut); 7, Conistra rubiginea (Dotted
                                Chestnut); 8, Eupsilia transversa (Satellite);
                                10, Lithophane socia (Pale Pinion); 11,
                                Lithophane furcifera; 12, Lithophane ornitopus
                                (Grey Shoulder-knot); \i{}13, Xylena vetusta
                                (Red Sword-Grass)\i0{}; \i{}14, Xylena exsoleta
                                (Sword-Grass)\i0{}; 15, Lithomoia solidaginis
                                (Golden-rod Brindle); 17, Brachionycha nebulosa
                                (Rannoch Sprawler); 18, Brachionycha sphinx
                                (Sprawler); 19, Calophasia opalina; 20,
                                Calophasia lunula (Flax Moth). OPHIDERINAE. 9,
                                Scoliopteryx libatrix (Herald). From Kirby 37,
                                with updated names.>

# \i{}Xylocampa\i0{} <Guene>/
      cucull04.jpg <@subject Xylocampa areola (Early Grey), with Cucullia and
                            Xylena: Newman>
                   <@text x=857 y=319
                                t=1, Cucullia absinthii (Wormwood Shark); 2,
                                Cucullia chamomillae (Chamomile Shark); 3,
                                Cucullia umbratica (The Shark); 4, Cucullia
                                asteris (Star-wort Shark); 5, Cucullia lychnitis
                                (Striped Lychnis Shark); 6, Cucullia gnaphalii
                                occidentalis (Cudweed Shark); 7, Cucullia
                                scrophulariae (Water Betony Shark); 8, Cucullia
                                verbasci (Mullein Shark); 9, Xylena vetusta (Red
                                Sword-grass); 10, Xylena exsoleta (The
                                Sword-grass); 11, \i{}Xylocampa areola\i0{}
                                (Early Grey). From Newman, 1869.>

# \i{}Zanclognatha\i0{} <Lederer>/
      leech011.jpg <@subject Z. tarsipennalis, with other Herminiinae, Hypeninae
                            and Rivulinae: Leech, 1886>
                   <@text x=469 y=30
                                t=NOCTUIDAE-RIVULINAE. 1. \i{}Colobochyla
                                salicalis\i0{} (Lesser Belle). 9, \i{}Rivula
                                sericealis\i0{}(Straw Dot). HYPENINAE. 2,
                                \i{}Hypena proboscidalis\i0{} (Snout); 3,
                                \i{}Hypena rostralis\i0{} (Buttoned Snout); 4,
                                \i{}Hypena crassalis\i0{} (Beautiful Snout. 4,
                                \i{}Schrankia taenialis\i0{} (White-line Snout);
                                6, \i{}Schrankia costaestrigalis\i0{}
                                (Pinion-streaked Snout). 7, \i{}Hypenodes
                                humidalis\i0{} (Marsh Oblique-barred).
                                HERMINIINAE. 8, \i{}Trisateles emortualis\i0{}
                                (Olive Crescent). 10, \i{}Paracolax
                                tristalis\i0{} (Clay Fan-foot). 11,
                                \i{}Pechipogo strigulata\i0{} (Common Fan-foot).
                                12, \b{}Zanclognatha tarsipennalis\b0{} (The
                                Fan-foot). Leech, 1886.>
      south147.jpg <@subject British Hypeninae (1: Fan-foot Moths)>
                   <@text x=444 y=70
                                t=1(a) and (b), \b{}Zanclognatha
                                tarsipennalis\b0{} (The Fan-foot); 2(a) and (b),
                                Herminia grisealis (Small Fan-foot); 3(a) and
                                (b), Macrochilo cribrumalis (Dotted Fan-foot);
                                4, Paracolax tristalis (Clay Fan-foot); 5,
                                Trisateles emortualis (Olive Crescent); 6(a) and
                                (b), Pechipogo strigilata (Common Fan-foot).
                                Swain, 1961.>

