*TAXON IMAGES
# \i{}Adelidae\i0{}/ 
nemoph01.jpg <@subject Nemophora degeerella, imbibing honey-dew: photo, 
Giles Watson> 
<@imagenotes x=898 y=905 
t=\i{}Nemophora degeerella\i0{}. Imbibing 
(sticky) exudate from leaves, in warm conditions 
around mid-day. Uffington, Oxfordshire, June 
2008. Giles Watson.> 
ptero061.jpg <@subject Nemophora cupriacella (specimens): photo> 
ptero064.jpg <@subject Nemophora cupriacella (specimen): photo> 
sta13051.jpg <@subject Nemophora metallica (as Nemotois scabiosella), 
Nemophora fasciella and N. minimella: Stainton 12, 
V, 1-3 (1873)> 
<@imagenotes x=30 y=14 
t=ADELIDAE. 1, \i{}Nemophora metallica\i0{}: 
male imago, and abdomen and head of female; 
larva (1a); scabious head, with larva case 
attached (1b); larval case (1c); and empty seed 
husk, used by the young larva as its first case. 
2, \i{}Nemophora fasciella\i0{}: male imago, and 
head and abdomen of female; larva (2a); and leaf 
of \i{}Ballota nigra\i0{} eaten by three larvae. 
3, \i{}Nemophora minimella\i0{}: imago (3m); 
larva (3a); part of scabious head, with larva 
case (3b); and larva case (3c). Stainton 13, V 
(1873).> 
sta1305l.gif <@subject Stainton 13, V, 1-3 (1873): original legend.> 
p1007014.jpg <@subject Nematopogon swammerdamella (specimens): photo> 
<@imagenotes x=499 y=16 
t=ADELIDAE. \i{}Nematopogon 
swammerdammella\i0{}. May1955: 1, Dimminsdale, 
Staffs.; 2, Kingsley, Staffs.; 3&4, Ballington 
Wood, Leek. L. Watson.> 
p1007016.jpg <@subject Nematopogon swammerdamella (specimens): photo> 
<@imagenotes x=499 y=16 
t=ADELIDAE. \i{}Nematopogon 
swammerdammella\i0{}. May1955: 1, Dimminsdale, 
Staffs.; 2, Kingsley, Staffs. L. Watson.> 
stonincu.jpg <@subject Nemophora degeerella (with Incurvariidae): 
Stainton 
(1859)> 
<@imagenotes x=414 y=62 
t=INCURVARIOIDEA. Incurvariidae: 1, Incurvaria 
praelatella; 2, Phylloporia bistrigella. 
Heliozelidae: 3, Antispila metallella. 
\i{}Adelidae\i0{}: \i{}4, Nemophora 
degeerella\i0{}. From Stainton (1859, with 
approximate wingspans added).> 
sta13041.jpg <@subject Adela fibulella, A. rufimitrella and 
(mainland-European) A. violella: Stainton 13, IV, 
1-3 (1873)> 
<@imagenotes x=500 y=22 
t=ADELIDAE. 1, \i{}Adela fibulella\i0{}. Larva 
(1a), and a sprig of \i{}Veronica 
chamaedrys\i0{} with larva cases (1b). 2, 
\i{}Adela rufimitrella\i0{}. Larva (2a), a sprig 
of the food plant (\i{}Cardamine pratensis\i0{}, 
2b), and a larva case (2c). 3, \i{}Adela 
violella\i0{}. Larva (3a), a sprig of Hypericum 
perforatum harbouring them (3), and a larva case 
(3c). Stainton 13, IV, (1873).> 
ptero057.jpg <@subject Adela rufimitrella (specimen): photo> 
ptero060.jpg <@subject Adela rufimitrella (specimen): photo> 
sta1304l.gif <@subject Stainton 13, IV, (1873): original legend.> 
stain300.gif <@subject Nemophora degeerella: Stainton> 
adelidst.jpg <@subject Adela and Nemophora, details: Stainton (1854)> 
<@imagenotes x=906 y=33 
t=5, \i{}Nemophora metallica\i0{}. 6a-6c, 
\i{}Adela reamurella\i0{}: fore- and hindwings, 
and head of male. 6'c, head of \i{}Adela 
fibulella\i0{}. 6'''c, head of \i{}Nemophora 
degeerella\i0{}. 7a-7c, \i{}Nemophora 
scabiosella\i0{}: fore and hindwings, and head 
of male. 7'c, head of \i{}Nemophora 
fasciella\i0{}. From Stainton (1854, Plates II 
and IX).> 
lchadel.jpg <@subject Adela reamurella> 
meyr843.gif <@subject Adela reamurella, neuration> 
 
# \i{}Alucitidae\i0{}/ 
bent6951.jpg <@subject Alucita hexadactyla (Twenty-plume Moth): Br. Ent.
695> 
text6951.gif <@subject Alucita hexadactyla: Br. Ent. 695, legend+text> 
text6952.gif <@subject Alucita hexadactyla: Br. Ent. 695, text cont.> 
stain445.gif <@subject Alucita hexadactyla (Twenty-plume: Stainton)> 
lchalu01.gif <@subject Alucita hexadactyla: neuration> 
 
# \i{}Arctiidae\i0{}/ 
newmlith.jpg <@subject The British Lithosiinae: Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=896 y=953 
t=1, \i{}Thumatha senex\i0{} (Round-winged 
Muslin); 2, \i{}Setina irrorella\i0{} (Dew 
Moth); 3, \i{}Miltochrista miniata\i0{} (Rosy 
Footman); 4, \i{}Nudaria mundana\i0{} (Muslin 
Footman); 5, \i{}Atolmis rubricollis\i0{} 
(Red-necked Footman); 6, \i{}Cybosia 
mesomella\i0{} (Four-dotted Footman); 7, 
\i{}Pelosia muscerda\i0{} (Dotted Footman); 8, 
\i{}Eilema sororcula\i0{} (Orange Footman); 
9a-b, \i{}Eilema griseola\i0{} (Dingy Footman); 
10, \i{}Eilema pygmaeola\i0{} (Pigmy Footman); 
11, \i{}E. complana\i0{} (Scarce Footman); 12, 
\i{}Eilema depressa\i0{} (Buff Footman); 13, 
\i{}Eilema lurideola\i0{} (Copmmon Footman); 14, 
\i{}Eilema sericea\i0{} (Northern or Leaden 
Footman); 15, \i{}Eilema caniola\i0{} (Hoary 
Footman); 16a-b, \i{}Lithosia quadra\i0{} 
(Four-spotted Footman, male and female). From 
Newman, 1869.> 
newmarc1.jpg <@subject British Arctiinae (1): Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=844 y=945 
t=1a-b, \i{}Spiris striata\i0{} (Feathered 
Footman, female and male); 2, \i{}Coscinia 
cribraria\i0{} (Speckled Footman); 3, 
\i{}Utethiesa pulchella\i0{} (Crimson-speckled 
Footman); 4a-b, \i{}Parasemia plantaginis\i0{} 
(Wood Tiger, male and female); 5a, \i{}Arctia 
caja\i0{} (Garden Tiger); 5b-c, \i{}Arctia 
caja\i0{} Garden Tiger, varieties). From Newman, 
1869.> 
newmarc2.jpg <@subject British Arctiinae (2): Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=12 y=15 
t=1, \i{}Arctia villica\i0{} (Cream-spot Tiger); 
2a-b, \i{}Diacrisia sannio\i0{} (Clouded Buff, 
male and female); 3a-b, \i{}Diaphora 
mendica\i0{} (The Muslin, male and female); 4, 
\i{}Spilosoma luteum\i0{} (Buff Ermine); 5, 
\i{}Spilosoma urticae\i0{} (Water Ermine); 6, 
\i{}Spilosoma lubricepida\i0{} (White Ermine). 
From Newman, 1869.> 
newmarc3.jpg <@subject British Arctiinae (3): Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=460 y=761 
t=1, \i{}Callimorpha dominula\i0{} (Scarlet 
Tiger); 2, \i{}Tyria jacobaeae\i0{} (Cinnabar); 
3, \i{}Phragmatobia fuliginosa\i0{} (Ruby 
Tiger). From Newman, 1869.> 
stiger01.jpg <@subject \i{}Callimorpha dominula\i0{} (Scarlet Tiger): 
photo, Giles Watson> 
<@imagenotes x=843 y=929 
t=\i{}Callimorpha dominula\i0{} (Scarlet Tiger). 
Parsonage Moor, Oxon, July 2008. Giles Watson.> 
nod972.jpg <@subject Arctia villica (Cream-spot Tiger: Shaw & Nodder, 
about 1811)> 
nodt972.gif <@subject Arctia villica (Cream-spot Tiger: Shaw & Nodder, 
text)> 
nod963.jpg <@subject Callimorpha dominula (Scarlet Tiger: Shaw and 
Nodder, 
about 1811)> 
nodt963.gif <@subject Callimorpha dominula (Scarlet Tiger: Shaw and 
Nodder, text)> 
bent092.jpg <@subject Spilosoma lubricepida (ab. walkeri Curtis. 
Original 
generic description. White Ermine, melanic variety; 
B. Ent. 92)> 
text092.gif <@subject Spilosoma lubricepida (melanic White Ermine, ab. 
walkeri: B. Ent. 92, legend+text)> 
<@imagenotes x=19 y=10 
t=\i{}Spilosoma\i0{} Curtis is a familiar genus 
worldwide. The name is attributed to Curtis in 
modern Check Lists (see Bradley 2000), although 
Curtis himself credits it here to Stephens.> 
step0163.jpg <@subject Spilosoma lubricepida (White Ermine, ab. 
walkeri): 
Stephens II, 1830> 
text0921.gif <@subject Spilosoma lubricepida (ab. walkeri: B. Ent. 92, 
text cont.)> 
bent213.jpg <@subject Diaphora mendica (Muslin moth: B. Ent. 213)> 
text2131.gif <@subject Diaphora mendica : B. Ent. 213, legend+text> 
text2132.gif <@subject Diaphora mendica : B. Ent. 213, text cont.> 
spilos01.jpg <@subject Spilosoma lutea, S. lubricepida and Diaphora 
mendica (Buff and White Ermines, Muslin): photos> 
<@imagenotes x=480 y=933 
t=1-3, \i{}Spilosoma lutea\i0{} (Buff Ermine): 
normal forms (Figs. 1-2) and melanic ab. 
\i{}fasciata\i0{} (Fig. 3). 4, \i{}Spilosoma 
lubricepida\i0{} (White Ermine; normal form. For 
melanic ab. \i{}walkeri\i0{}, see Curtis's 
illustration). 5-6, \i{}Diaphora mendica\i0{} 
(Muslin Moth). The melanic \i{}zatima\i0{} form 
of the \i{}S. lutea\i0{} seemingly represents 
selective maintenance of cryptic coloration in 
the sand-dune habitats (e.g., in Yorkshire and 
Lancashire) in which it it occurs. In the 
related \i{}Diaphora mendica\i0{}, it represents 
the normal condition in the male, except in 
Ireland where males are either white with black 
dots like the females, or pale buff. 
\par{}\par{}Figs. 1-2, 4 and 5-6 from Leek, 
Staffs., 1950s (L. Watson). Fig.3 from Bexley, 
Kent, June 1908, collector unknown. All from 
Watsons collection.> 
bent499.jpg <@subject Tyria jacobaeae (Cinnabar: B. Ent. 499)> 
text499.gif <@subject Tyria jacobaeae (legend+text: B. Ent. 499)> 
text4991.gif <@subject Tyria jacobaeae (text, cont.: B. Ent. 499)> 
bent169.jpg <@subject Utetheisa pulchella: (Crimson-speckled Footman: B.
Ent. 169)> 
text1691.gif <@subject Utetheisa pulchella: B. Ent. 169, legend+text> 
text1692.gif <@subject Utetheisa pulchella: B. Ent. 169, text cont.> 
bent056.jpg <@subject Coscinia cribraria (Speckled Footman: B. Ent. 56)>
text0561.gif <@subject Coscinia cribraria: B. Ent. 56, legend> 
bent021.jpg <@subject Diacrisia sannio (~russula: Clouded Buff, B. Ent. 
21)> 
text1211.gif <@subject Diacrisia sannio (~russula) B. Ent. 21, 
legend+text> 
text1212.gif <@subject Diacrisia sannio (~russula) B. Ent. 21, text 
cont.> 
bent036.jpg <@subject Pelosia muscerda (Dotted Footman: B. Ent. 36)> 
text0361.gif <@subject Pelosia muscerda: B. Ent. 36, legend+text> 
text0362.gif <@subject Pelosia muscerda: B. Ent. 36, text cont.> 
bent400.jpg <@subject Nudaria mundana (Muslin Footman: B. Ent. 400)> 
text4001.gif <@subject Nudaria mundana: B. Ent. 400, legend+text> 
text4002.gif <@subject Nudaria mundana: B. Ent. 400, text cont.> 
kirbarc1.jpg <@subject Lithosiinae: Kirby 22 (part)> 
<@imagenotes x=15 y=901 
t=LITHOSIINAE. 26, \i{}Nudaria mundana\i0{} 
(Muslin Footman); 27, \i{}Miltochrista 
miniata\i0{} (Rosy Footman); 28 and 29, 
\i{}Setina irrorella\i0{} (Dew Moth); 30, 
"\i{}Setina kuhlweini\i0{}", cf. S. alpestris 
(mainland European).> 
kirby023.jpg <@subject Lithosiinae, Arctiinae (Footmen, etc.): Kirby 23>
<@imagenotes x=912 y=8 
t=LITHOSIINAE. 1-2, Setina irrorella (Alpine Dew 
Moth); 3, Cybosia mesomella (Four-spot Footman); 
4, Pelosia muscerda (Spotted Footman); 5, Eilema 
griseolaa (Dun Footman); 6, Eilema depressa 
(Buff Footman); 7, Eilema complana (Scaece 
Footman); 8, Eilema sororcula (Orange Footman; 
9, Lithosia quadra (Large Footman); 10, Atolmis 
rubricollis (Red-necked Footman). ARCTIINAE, 11, 
Spiris striata (Feathered Footman; 12, Coscinia 
cribraria (Speckled Footman); 13, Utetheisa 
pulchella (Crimson-speckled Footman); 14, Tyria 
jacobaeae (Cinnabar); 15, Diacrisia sannio 
(Clouded Buff); 16, "Parasemia metalkana", = ?; 
17, Parasemia plantaginis (Wood Tiger). Names of 
exotics (in quotes) are as given by Kirby.> 
kirbyute.jpg <@subject Utetheisa pulchella, larva: Kirby 52 (part)> 
kirby024.jpg <@subject Arctiinae (Tiger Moths): Kirby 24> 
<@imagenotes x=450 y=33 
t=ARCTIIDAE. British: 1, \i{}Callimorpha 
dominula\i0{} (Scarlet Tiger); 1b, 
\i{}Callimorpha dominula\i0{} var. 
\i{}persona\i0{}; 2, \i{}Euplagia 
quadripunctaria\i0{} (Jersey Tiger); 4, 
\i{}Arctia caja\i0{} (Garden Tiger); 6, 
\i{}Arctia villica\i0{} (Cream-spot Tiger). 
Mainland European species (names as given by 
Kirby): 3, \i{}Pericallia matronula\i0{}; 5, 
\i{}Arctia flavea\i0{}; 7, "\i{}Arctia 
fasciata\i0{}", = ?; 8, Arctia festiva; 9. 
Hyphoraia aulica; 10, "\i{}Arctia 
maculosa\i0{}", cf. Chelis maculosa; 11, 
Cymbalophora pudica.> 
kirbarc2.jpg <@subject Arctiinae (Tiger Moths, Ermines): Kirby 25 
(part)> 
<@imagenotes x=128 y=12 
t=ARCTIINAE. British species: 6, 
\i{}Phragmatobia fuliginosa\i0{} (Ruby Tiger); 
9, \i{}Diaphora mendica\i0{} (Spotted Muslin); 
10, \i{}Spilosoma luteum\i0{} (Buff Ermine); 
10c, \i{}Spilosoma luteum\i0{} ab. 
\i{}fasciata\i0{}; 11, \i{}Spilosoma 
lubricepida\i0{} (White Ermine); 12, 
\i{}Spilosoma urticae\i0{} (Water Ermine). 
Mainland European species (names as given by 
Kirby): 1, Arctia purpurata; 2, Arctia casta; 3, 
Arctia cervinii; 4, Arctia quenselii; 5, 
Ochnogyna parasitum; Isles of Scilly. July 2006, 
Giles Watson.7, Phragmatobia caesarea; 8, 
Phragmatobia sordida.> 
arcti01.jpg <@subject Arctia caja (Garden Tiger: Giles Watson, photos)> 
<@imagenotes x=914 y=34 
t=\i{}Arctia caja\i0{} (Garden Tiger). St. 
Marys,> 
arcti02.jpg <@subject Spilosoma luteum and Phragmatobia fuliginosa: 
Giles 
Watson, photos> 
<@imagenotes x=445 y=81 
t=\i{}Spilosoma luteum\i0{} (Buff Ermine, left) 
and \i{}Phragmatobia fuliginosa\i0{} (Ruby 
Tiger). St. Marys, Isles of Scilly, light trap. 
July 2006, Giles Watson.> 
step0181.jpg <@subject Eilema sororcula (Orange Footman): Stephens II, 
1830> 
step0171.jpg <@subject Setina irrorella (Dew Moth): Stephens II, 1830> 
step0173.jpg <@subject Spiris striata (Feathered Footman): Stephens II, 
1830> 
step0182.jpg <@subject Thumatha senex (Round-winged Muslin): Stephens 
II, 
1830> 
dpon0021.jpg <@subject Larvae: Arctia caja, Arctia villica (Duponchel, 
1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=34 y=26 
t=Arctiidae. 2,\i{} Arctia caja\i0{} (Garden 
Tiger). 3, \i{}Arctia villica\i0{} (Cream-spot 
Tiger, with pupa). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.> 
dpon0031.jpg <@subject Larva: Callimorpha dominula (Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=34 y=26 
t=Arctiidae. \i{}Callimorpha dominula\i0{} 
(Scarlet Tiger). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.> 
dpon0141.jpg <@subject Larvae: Eilema caniola, E. complana, E. lurideola
(Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=868 y=55 
t=Arctiidae. 1-3, \i{}E. complana\i0{} (Scarce 
Footman). 4-5, \i{}Eilema caniola\i0{} (Hoary 
Footman). 6-7, \i{}E. lurideola\i0{} (Common 
Footman. Duponchel and Gune, 1849.> 
dpon0151.jpg <@subject Larva: Lithosia quadra (Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=858 y=38 
t=Arctiidae. \i{}Lithosia quadra\i0{} 
(Four-spotted Footman). Duponchel and Gune, 
1849.> 
dpon0162.jpg <@subject Larva and pupa: Parasemia plantaginis (Duponchel,
1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=858 y=35 
t=Arctiidae. \i{}Parasemia plantaginis\i0{} 
(Wood Tiger). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.> 
arcneu01.gif <@subject neuration: Lithosiinae, Arctiinae> 
lcharc01.gif <@subject neuration: Lithosia, Spilosoma, Callimorpha> 
 
# \i{}Autostichidae\i0{}/ 
autostst.jpg <@subject Oecogonia quadripuncta: Stainton (1854)> 
 
# \i{}Blastobasidae\i0{}/ 
meyr661.gif <@subject Blastobasis lignea: neuration> 
 
# \i{}Choreutidae\i0{}/ 
bent320.jpg <@subject Prochoreutis myllerana (Miller's Nettle-tap: B. 
Ent. 
320)> 
<@imagenotes x=16 y=9 
t=Prochoreutis myllerana. Note that markings 
which glint spectacularly metallic-silvery in 
oblique views of the wings of this species, and 
in Curtis's original plate, are rendered in the 
scan as pale-ringed, grey-black spots!> 
bent3201.jpg <@subject Prochoreutis myllerana (detail, dissections: B. 
Ent. 320)> 
text3201.gif <@subject Prochoreutis myllerana: B. Ent. 320, legend+text>
text3202.gif <@subject Prochoreutis myllerana: B. Ent. 320, text cont.> 
hbchoreu.jpg <@subject Choreutis pariana, C. nemorana (Hbner), 
Anthophila 
fabriciana, A. urticana (Hbner): Hbner 1796-1833> 
<@imagenotes x=366 y=15 
t=CHOREUTIDAE. 1 and 2, Choreutis pariana; 3, 
Choreutis nemorana. 5 and 5, Anthophila 
fabriciana (dentana Hubner). 202, Tebenna 
bjerkandrella (vibrana Hubner). 204, cf. 
Prochareutis myllerana. 273, cf. Anthophila 
fabriciana (urticana Hubner). From Hubner vol. 
VII, with names updated. See accompanying 
document for detailed of legends.> 
 
# \i{}Cochylidae\i0{}/ 
wilkcoc1.jpg <@subject Aethes, Cochylis, Phalonidia, Phtheochroa: 
Wilkinson> 
<@imagenotes x=896 y=934 
t=1a-c, \i{}Phtheochroa rugosana\i0{} (male), 
maxillary palp and wing venation; 2, \i{}Aethes 
smeathmannian\i0{}a, wing venation; 3, 
\i{}Aethes francillana\i0{} (male); 4, 
\i{}Aethes rutilana\i0{} (female); 5a-b, 
\i{}Aethes margarotana\i0{}, wing venation and 
maxillary palp; 6, \i{}Cochylis roseana\i0{}, 
wing venation; 7, \i{}Phalonidia 
curvistrigana\i0{} (male). From Wilkinson 1859 
(scales = approx. 1cm).> 
stoncoch.jpg <@subject Aethes, Agapeta, Cochylis: Stainton> 
<@imagenotes x=412 y=13 
t=1, \i{}Aethes francillana\i0{}; 2, \i{}Aethes 
rutilana\i0{}; 3, \i{}Aethes hartmanniana\i0{}; 
4, \i{}Cochylis hybridella\i0{}; 5, \i{}Agapeta 
zoegana\i0{}. From Stainton (1859, with 
approximate 1cm scale).> 
bent491.jpg <@subject Cochylidia rupicola (Chalk-cliff Tortrix, Conch: 
B. 
Ent. 491)> 
text491.gif <@subject Cochylidia rupicola: B. Ent. 491, legend+text> 
text4912.gif <@subject Cochylidia rupicola: B. Ent. 491, text cont.> 
kirbcoc.jpg <@subject Agapeta spp.: Kirby 55> 
<@text x=262 y=744 w=327 h=214 m 
t=Agapeta hamana (left) and A. zoegana> 
hbvii122.jpg <@subject Tortricinae-Cochylini. Cochylis, Eupoecilia, 
Gynnidomorpha permixtana: Hbner VII, 1796-1817> 
<@imagenotes x=873 y=911 
t=TORTRICIDAE-TORTRICINAE-COCHYLINI. 37, 
\i{}montana\i0{} = ? (cf. 
\i{}Cochylimorpha\i0{}, \i{}Stenodes\i0{}). 71, 
\i{}Cochylis dubitana\i0{} (Hbner). 74, 
\i{}Eupoecilia angustana\i0{} (Hbner); 75 and 
187, cf. \i{}Gynnidomorpha permixtana\i0{} 197, 
\i{}Eupoecilia cebrana\i0{} (Hbner). 249, 
\i{}Aethes rutilana\\i{}i0{} (Hbner). 252, cf. 
\i0{}Eugnosta magnificana (\i{}norvichiana\i0{} 
Hbner). From plates of Hbner VII, with names 
updated; see accompanying document for details.> 
hbvii212.jpg <@subject Tortricinae-Cochylini. Agapeta, Cochylis, 
Commophila, Eugnosta, Prochlidonia: Hbner VII, 
1796-1813> 
<@imagenotes x=873 y=911 
t=TORTRICIDAE-TORTRICINAE-COCHYLINI. 132, 
\i{}Cochylis nana\i0{} (\i{}albidana\i0{} 
Hbner). 138, \i{}Agapeta zoegana\i0{}; 139, 
\i{}Agapeta hamana\i0{} (\i{}diversana\i0{} 
Hbner); 140,\i{} Agapeta hamana\i0{}. 155, 
\i{}Prochlidonia amiantana\i0{} (Hbner). 188, 
\i{}Commophila aeneana\i0{} (Hbner); 189, 
\i{}Eugnosta lathoniana\i0{} (Hbner). From 
plates of Hbner VII, with names updated; see 
accompanying document for details.> 
hbvii231.jpg <@subject Tortricinae-Cochylini. Aethes decimana, A. 
hartmanniana, A. rubigana, A. smeathmanniana, A. 
tesserana: Hbner VII, 1796-1719> 
<@imagenotes x=873 y=911 
t=TORTRICIDAE-TORTRICINAE-COCHYLINI. 144, 
\i{}Aethes tesserana\i0{} (\i{}tesselana\i0{} 
Hbner); 145, \i{}Aethes decimana\i0{}; 146, 
\i{}Aethes hartmanniana\i0{}; 147, \i{}Aethes 
rubigana\i0{} (\i{}badiana\i0{} Hbner); 148, 
\i{}Aethes hartmanniana\i0{} 
(\i{}baumanniana\i0{}); 149, \i{}Aethes 
smeathmanniana\i0{} (\i{}fabriciana\i0{} 
Hbner). From Hbner VII, Plate 23, with names 
updated; see accompanying document for details.> 
hbvii462.jpg <@subject Tortricinae-Cochylini. Cochylis roseana 
(rubellana): Hbner VII, 1823> 
<@imagenotes x=892 y=870 
t=TORTRICIDAE-TORTRICINAE-COCHYLINI. 285-287, 
\i{}Cochylis roseana\i0{} (\i{}rubellana\i0{} 
Hbner). From Hbner VII, Plate 46, with name 
updated; see accompanying document for details.> 
hbvii492.jpg <@subject Tortricinae-Cochylini: Ptheochroa rugosana and 
Hysterosia (Ptheochroa) schreibersiana: Hbner VII, 
1796-1830> 
<@imagenotes x=836 y=811 
t=TORTRICIDAE-TORTRICINAE-COCHYLINI. 82, 
\i{}Phtheochroa rugosana\i0{} (Hbner); 306, 
\i{}Ptheochroa\i0{} (\i{}Hysterosia\i0{}) 
\i{}schreibersiana\i0{} (Frlich). From Hbner 
VII, Plates 14 and 49; see accompanying document 
for details.> 
hbviiito.jpg <@subject Tortricinae-Cochylini. Aethes, Cochylis, 
Eupoecilia, Falseuncaria: Hbner VIII, 1796-1813> 
<@imagenotes x=878 y=906 
t=TORTRICIDAE-TORTRICINAE-COCHYLINI. 153, 
\i{}Eupoecilia ambiguella\i0{} (Hbner). 180, 
\i{}Falseuncaria ruficiliana\i0{} 
(\i{}ciliella\i0{} Hbner). 345, \i{}Aethes 
margaritana\i0{} (\i{}dipoltella\i0{} Hbner). 
351, \i{}Cochylis hybridella\i0{} (Hbner). From 
plates of Hbner VIII, with names updated; see 
accompanying document for details.> 
step0352.jpg <@subject Cochylomorpha alternana: Stephens IV, 1834> 
step0351.jpg <@subject Cochylis roseana: Stephens IV, 1834> 
meyr486.gif <@subject Aethes tesserana: neuration> 
meyr497.gif <@subject Eupoecilia angustana: neuration> 
 
# \i{}Coleophoridae\i0{}/ 
bent6871.jpg <@subject Coleophora albicosta (White-edged Unicorn): B. 
Ent. 
687> 
text6871.gif <@subject Coleophora albicosta: B. Ent. 687, legend+text> 
text6872.gif <@subject Coleophora albicosta: B. Ent. 687, text cont.> 
bent463.jpg <@subject Coleophora alcyonipennella (Clover Case-bearer: B.
Ent. 463)> 
text463.gif <@subject Coleophora alcyonipennella: B. Ent. 463, 
legend+text> 
text4632.gif <@subject Coleophora alcyonipennella: B. Ent. 463, text 
cont.> 
step0411.jpg <@subject Coleophora mayrella: Stephens IV, 1834> 
bent391.jpg <@subject Coleophora trifolii (Curtis): Trefoil Thick-horned
Tinea. B. Ent. 391)> 
text391.gif <@subject Coleophora trifolii: B. Ent. 391, legend+text)> 
<@imagenotes x=21 y=11 
t=As well as including the original description 
of \i{}C. trifolii\i0{} (Curtis), this carries 
the description of \i{}Damophila\i0{} Curtis, now 
submerged in \i{}Coleophora\i0{}.> 
text3911.gif <@subject Coleophora trifolii: B. Ent. 391, text cont.)> 
sta12042.jpg <@subject Augasma aeratella (as Asychna): Stainton 12, IV 
(1870)> 
<@imagenotes x=881 y=900 
t=COLEOPHORIDAE. 2. \i{}Augasma aeratella\i0{}. 
Larva (2a), and a sprig of \i{}Polygonim 
aviculare\i0{} with pod-like galls caused by it 
(2b). Stainton 12, IV, 2 (1870).> 
sta1204y.gif <@subject Stainton 12, IV, 2 (1870): original legend.> 
stai4011.jpg <@subject Coleophora juncicolella, C. laricella, C. 
siccifolia: Stainton 4, I (1859)> 
<@imagenotes x=26 y=9 
t=COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Coleophora 
juncicolella\i0{}: imago (1m), larva (1a) , 
sprig of \i{}Erica\i0{} with mined leaves (1b) 
and larval case (1c). 2, \i{}Coleophora 
laricella\i0{}: imago (2m), larva (2a), sprig of 
larch with mined leaves (2b), and case of the 
larva (2c). 3, \i{}Coleophora siccifolia\i0{}: 
imago (3m), larva (3a), and hawthorn leaves 
eaten by the larva, with two cases attached 
(3b). Dissections depict basal joint of antenna 
(a), and a palpus (b). Stainton 4, I (1859).> 
stai401l.gif <@subject Stainton 4, I (1859): original legend.> 
stai4021.jpg <@subject Coleophora gryphipennella, C. milvipennis (as 
limosipennella), C. solitariella: Stainton 4, II 
(1859)> 
<@imagenotes x=23 y=12 
t=COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Coleophora 
gryphipennella\i0{}: imago (1m), larva (1a), and 
mined rose leaf with a case attached (1b). 2, 
\i{}Coleophora milvipennis\i0{}: imago (2m), 
larva (2a), elm leaf eaten by the larva (2a), 
and larval case (2c). 3, \i{}Coleophora 
solitariella\i0{}: imago (3m), larva (3a), sprig 
of \i{}Stellaria holostea\i0{} with mined leaves 
(3b), and a larval case (3c). Dissections depict 
basal joint of antennae (a), and palpus (b). 
Stainton 4, I (1859). Dissections depict basal 
joint of antenna (a), and a palpus (b). Stainton 
4, II (1859).> 
stai402l.gif <@subject Stainton 4, II (1859): original legend.> 
stai4031.jpg <@subject Coleophora ornatipennella (mainland-European), C.
lixella, C. galbulipennella (as otitae): Stainton 4, 
III (1859)> 
<@imagenotes x=21 y=12 
t=COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Coleophora 
ornatipennella\i0{}: imago (1m), larva (1a), and 
a mined grass leaf blade with larval case 
attached (1b). 2, \i{}Coleophora lixella\i0{}: 
imago (2m), larva (2a), and a plant of \i{}Briza 
media\i0{} with mined leaf and a larval case 
attached (2b). 3, \i{}Coleophora 
galbulipennella\i0{}: imago (3m), larva (3a), 
and a mined leaf of \i{}Silene otites\i0{} with 
larval case attached. Dissections depict basal 
joint of antenna (a), and a palpus (b). Stainton 
4, III (1859).> 
stai403l.gif <@subject Stainton 4, III (1859): original legend.> 
stai4041.jpg <@subject Coleophora currucipennella, C. ibipennella, C. 
anatipennella: Stainton 4, IV (1859)> 
<@imagenotes x=31 y=14 
t=COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Coleophora 
currucipennella\i0{}: imago (1m), larva (1a), 
oak leaf eaten by the larva (1b), and a larval 
case (1c). 2, \i{}Coleophora ibipennella\i0{}: 
imago (2m), larva (2b), and birch leaves eaten 
by the larva, with two cases attached (2a). 3, 
\i{}Coleophora anatipennella\i0{}: imago (3m), 
larva (3b), sloe twig with leaf eaten by the 
larva and a case attached to the stem (3a), and 
a larval case (3c). Dissections depict basal 
joint of antenna (a), and a palpus (b). Stainton 
4, IV (1859).> 
stai404l.gif <@subject Stainton 4, IV (1859): original legend.> 
stai4051.jpg <@subject Coleophora discordella, C. genistae, C. serenella
(mainland- European): Stainton 4, V (1859)> 
<@imagenotes x=28 y=11 
t=COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Coleophora 
discordella\i0{}: imago (1m), larva (1a), sprig 
of \i{}Lotus corniculatus\i0{} with case 
attached (1b), and a larval case (1c). 2, 
\i{}Coleophora genistae\i0{}: imago (2m), larva 
(2a), sprig of \i{}Genista anglica\i0{} with 
mined leaves (2b), and a larval case (2c). 3, 
\i{}Coleophora serenella\i0{}: imago (3m), larva 
(3a), a piece of leaf of \i{}Astragalus 
glycyphyllos\i0{}, with larval mines and cases 
attached (3b). Dissections depict basal joint of 
antenna (g), and a palpus (f). Stainton 4, V 
(1859).> 
stai405l.gif <@subject Stainton 4, V (1859): original legend.> 
stai4061.jpg <@subject Coleophora caespititiella, C. obscenella (as 
virgaureae), C. silenella (as inflatae): Stainton 4, 
VI (1859)> 
<@imagenotes x=638 y=10 
t=COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Coleophora 
caespititiella\i0{}: imago (1m), larva (1a), and 
seeds of \i{}Juncus conglomeratus\i0{} with 
larval cases attached. 2, \i{}Coleophura 
obscenella\i0{}: imago (2m), larva (2a), seeds 
of \i{}Solidago virgaurea\i0{} with a larval 
case attached (2b), and a larval case (2c). 3, 
\i{}Coleophora silenella\i0{}: imago (3m), larva 
(3a), capsule of \i{}Silene vulgaris\i0{} with 
larval case attached (3b). Dissections depict 
basal joint of antennae (g), and a palpus (f). 
Stainton 4, VI (1859).> 
stai406l.gif <@subject Stainton 4, VI (1859): original legend.> 
stai4071.jpg <@subject Coleophora pennella (as onosmella), C. lineolea, 
C. 
pyrrhulipennella: Stainton 4, VII (1859)> 
<@imagenotes x=647 y=6 
t=COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Coleophora 
pennella\i0{}: imago (1m), larva (1a); leaves of 
\i{}Echium vulgare\i0{} eaten by the larva, with 
two cases larval attached. 2, \i{}Coleophora 
lineolea\i0{}: imago (2m), larva (2a), mined 
leaf of \i{}Ballota nigra\i0{} (2b), and a 
larval case (2c). 3, \i{}Coleophora 
pyrrhulipennella\i0{}: imago (3m), larva (3a), 
and a sprig of heather with larval case attached 
(3b). Dissections depict basal joint of antenna 
(g), and a palpus (f). Stainton 4, VII (1859)> 
stai407l.gif <@subject Stainton 4, VII (1859): original legend.> 
stai4081.jpg <@subject Coleophora albicosta, C. chamaedryella 
(mainland-European), C. lugduniella 
(mainland-European): Stainton 4, VIII (1859)> 
<@imagenotes x=655 y=9 
t=COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Coleophora 
albicosta\i0{}: imago (1m), larva (1a), pod of 
\i{}Ulex europaeus\i0{} with two larval cases 
attached (1b). 2, \i{}Coleophora 
chamaedryella\i0{}: imago (2m), larva (2a), 
sprig of \i{}Teucrium chamaedrys\i0{} with a 
larval case attached to one of the leaves (2b). 
3, \i{}Coleophora lugduniella\i0{}: imago (3m), 
larva (3a), leaf of \i{}Vicia cracca\i0{} eaten 
by the larva (3b), and a larval case (3c). 
Dissections depict basal joint of antenna (g), 
and a palpus (f). Stainton 4, VIII (1859)> 
stai408l.gif <@subject Stainton 4, VIII (1859): original legend.> 
stai5091.jpg <@subject Coleophophora vibicella, C. conspicuella, C. 
coelebipennella: Stainton 5, IX (1860)> 
<@imagenotes x=649 y=5 
t=COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Coleophora 
vibicella\i0{}: imago (1m), larva (1a); sprig of 
\i{}Genista tinctoria\i0{}, with mined leaves 
and three cases of young larvae attached (1b); 
and case of adult larva (1c). 2, \i{}Coleophora 
conspicuella\i0{}: imago (2m), larva (2a), and 
mined piece of leaf of \i{}Centaurea nigra\i0{} 
with a larva-case attached (2b). 3, 
\i{}Coleophora coelebipennella\i0{}, = ?: imago 
(3m), larva ( 3a), and a mined leaf of 
\i{}Artemisia campestris\i0{} with case attached 
(3b). Dissections depict basal joint of antenna 
(g), and a palpus (f). Stainton 5, IX (1860)> 
stai509l.gif <@subject Stainton 5, IX (1860): original legend.> 
stai5101.jpg <@subject Coleophophora otidipennella (as murinipennella), 
C. 
argentula, C. artemisicolella (as albicans): 
Stainton 5, X (1860)> 
<@imagenotes x=656 y=6 
t=COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Coleophora 
otidipennella\i0{}: imago (1m), larva (1a), 
sprig of \i{}Luzula\i0{} with larval cases 
attached to the seeds (1b), and a larva case 
(1c). 2, \i{}Coleophora argentula\i0{}: imago 
(2m), larva (2a), and a sprig of \i{}Achillea 
millefolium\i0{} with larva cases attached to 
the seeds. 3, \i{}Coleophora 
artemisicolella\i0{}: imago (3m), larva (3a), a 
sprig of \i{}Artemisia vulgaris\i0{} with 
larva-cases attached to the seeds (3b), and a 
larva-case (3c). Dissections depict basal joint 
of antenna (g), and a palpus (f). Stainton 5, X 
(1860).> 
stai510l.gif <@subject Stainton 5, X (1860): original legend.> 
stai5111.jpg <@subject Coleophophora gnaphalii and C. millefolii 
(mainland-European), C. hemerobiella: Stainton 5, XI 
(1860)> 
<@imagenotes x=678 y=4 
t=COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Coleophora 
gnaphalii\i0{}: imago (1m), larva (1a), a sprig 
of \i{}Gnaphalium arenarium\i0{} with two 
larva-cases attached (1b), and a larva-case 
(1c). 2, \i{}Coleophora millefolii\i0{}: imago 
(2m), larva (2a), and a sprig of \i{}Achillea 
millefolium\i0{} with larva-case attached. 3, 
\i{}Coleophora hemerobiella\i0{}: imago (3m), 
larva (3a), a mined pear leaf (3c), and a 
larva-case (3b). Dissections depict basal joint 
of antenna (g), and a palpus (f). Stainton 5, XI 
(1860).> 
stai511l.gif <@subject Stainton 5, XI (1860): original legend.> 
stai5121.jpg <@subject Coleophophora ochripennella (mainland-European), 
C. 
chalcogrammella, C. vitisella: Stainton 5, XII 
(1860)> 
<@imagenotes x=642 y=3 
t=COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Coleophora 
ochripennella\i0{}: imago (1m), larva (1a), and 
a sprig of \i{}Ballota nigra\i0{} with a 
larva-case attached (1b). 2, \i{}Coleophora 
chalcogrammella\i0{}: imago (2m), larva (2a), 
and a sprig of \i{}Cerastium arvense\i0{} with 
mined leaves and a larva-case attached (2b). 3, 
\i{}Coleophora vitisella\i0{}: imago (3m), larva 
(3a), a sprig of \i{}Vaccinium vitis-idaea\i0{} 
with mined leaves and a larva-case attached 
(3b), and a larva-case (3c). Dissections depict 
basal joint of antenna (g), and a palpus (f). 
Stainton 5, XII (1860).> 
stai512l.gif <@subject Stainton 5, XII (1860): original legend.> 
stai5131.jpg <@subject Coleophophora ochrea, C. wockella, C. ditella (or
pseudoditella? - mainland-European): Stainton 5, 
XIII (1860)> 
<@imagenotes x=644 y=2 
t=COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Coleophora ochrea\i0{}: 
imago (1m), larva (1a), and a sprig of 
\i{}Helianthemum chamaecistus\i0{} with mined 
leaves and a larva-case attached (1b).2, 
\i{}Coleophora wockella\i0{}: imago (2m), larva 
(2a), and a mined leaf of \i{}Betonica 
officinalis \i0{}with a larva-case attached 
(2b). 3, \i{}Coleophora ditella\i0{} or \i{}C. 
pseudoditella\i0{} (?): imago (3m), larva (3a), 
a mined leaf of \i{}Artemisia campestris\i0{} 
with larva-case attached (3b), and a larva-case 
(3c). Dissections depict basal joint of antenna 
(g), and a palpus (f). Stainton 5, XIII (1860)> 
stai513l.gif <@subject Stainton 5, XIII (1860): original legend.> 
stai5141.jpg <@subject Coleophophora virgatella, C. auricella, C. 
serratulella (all mainland-European): Stainton 5, 
XIV (1860)> 
<@imagenotes x=31 y=11 
t=COLEOPHORIDAE: mainland-European species. 1, 
\i{}Coleophora virgatella\i0{}: imago (1m), 
larva (1a), mined leaf of \i{}Salvia 
pratensis\i0{} with larva-case attached (1b), 
and a larva-case (1c). 2, \i{}Coleophora 
auricella\i0{}: imago (2m), larva (2a), and a 
sprig of \i{}Stachys recta\i0{} with mined 
leaves and several larva-cases attached (2b). 3, 
\i{}Coleophora serratulella\i0{}: imago (3m), 
larva (3a), mined leaf of \i{}Serratula 
cyanoides\i0{} with larva-case attached (3b), 
and a larva-case (3c). Dissections depict basal 
joint of antenna (g), and a palpus (f). Stainton 
5, XIV (1860).> 
stai514l.gif <@subject Stainton 5, XIV (1860): original legend.> 
stai5151.jpg <@subject Coleophophora trifariella and C. odorariella 
(mainland-European), C. paripennella (as 
alcyopennella): Stainton 5, XV (1860)> 
<@imagenotes x=38 y=14 
t=COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Coleophora 
trifariella\i0{}: imago (1m); larva (1a), and a 
sprig of broom with attached larva-case (1b). 2, 
\i{}Coleophora odorariella\i0{}: imago (2m), 
larva (2a), a mined leaf of \i{}Serratula 
cyanoides\i0{} with attached larva-case (2b), 
and a larva-case. 3, \i{}Coleophora 
paripennella\i0{}: imago (3m), larva (3a), a 
mined leaf of \i{}Centaurea nigra\i0{} with 
attached larva-case (3b), and a larva-case (3c). 
Dissections depict basal joint of antenna (g), 
and a palpus (f). Stainton 5, XV (1860).> 
stai515l.gif <@subject Stainton 5, XV (1860): original legend.> 
stai5161.jpg <@subject Coleophophora lusciniaepennella (as viminetella),
C. violacea (as paripennella), C. ledi 
(mainland-European): Stainton 5, XVI (1860)> 
<@imagenotes x=31 y=14 
t=COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Coleophora 
lusciniaepennella\i0{}: imago (1m), larva (1a), 
and a mined leaf of \i{}Salix caprea\i0{} with 
attached larva-case (1b). 2, cf. \i{}Coleophora 
violacea\i0{} (this being the likely identity of 
English material formerly referred to \i{}C. 
paripennella\i0{} Zell.) : imago (2m), larva 
(2a), mined leaves of \i{}Prunus spinosa\i0{} 
with a larva-case attached (2b), and a 
larva-case (2c). 3, \i{}Coleophora ledi\i0{}: 
imago (3m), larva (3a), a mined \i{}Tilia\i0{} 
leaf with attached larva-case (3b), and a 
larva-case (3c). Dissections depict basal joint 
of antenna (g), and a palpus (f). Stainton 5, 
XVI (1860).> 
stai516l.gif <@subject Stainton 5, XVI (1860): original legend> 
ston389.jpg <@subject Coleophora vibicella: Stainton (1859)> 
staintin.jpg <@subject Stainton's representative 'Tineina' (1854)> 
<@imagenotes x=14 y=47 
t=Stainton's TINEINA (Coleophoridae italicised). 
2, Ochsenheimeria birdella; 3, Tinea ganomella; 
4, Eriocrania salopiella; 5, Nemophora 
metallica; 6, Swammerdamia pyrella; 7, 
Yponomeuta sedella; 8, Plutella xylostella; 9, 
Ypsolopha dentella; 10, Agonopterix 
alstroemeriana; 11, Pexicopia malvella; 12, 
Chrysoesthia drurella; 13, Ypsolopha 
parenthesella; 14, Schiffermuelleria grandis; 
15, Scythris grandipennis; 16, Glyphipteryx 
equitella; 17, Heliozela resplendella; 18, 
Argyresthia bonnetella; 19, Caloptilia 
alchimiella; \i{}20, Coleophora lineola\i0{}; 
21, Bedellia somnulentella; 22, Cosmopteryx 
lienigiella; 23, Mompha propinquella; 24, 
Elachista gangabella; 25, Elachista 
maculicerusella; 26, Emmetia marginea; 27, 
Phyllonorycter acerifoliella; 28, Phyllonorycter 
stettinensis; 29, Leucoptera malifoliella; 30, 
Ectoedemia sericopeza. From Stainton (1854, 
Plate IX).> 
staint10.jpg <@subject Larvae of 'Tineina' (Stainton)> 
<@imagenotes x=892 y=5 
t=1, OECOPHORIDAE: Diurnea fagella larva, and 
(1a) shown between united birch leaves. 2, 
PSYCHIDIDAE: Taleporia(?) larva, showing cases 
attached to lichen (2a), and a single case 
enlarged. 3, YPONOMEUTIDAE: Ochsenheimeria 
taurella, and (3a) a section of grass stem 
showing the larva in situ. 4, TINEIDAE: Tineola 
bisselliella, with a gallery formed in feathers 
(4a); 4b, a case of Tinea pellionella on a 
feather. 5, INCURVARIIDAE: Incurvaria 
praelatella, with a partially devoured wild 
strawberry leaf (5a), and a case from the 
underside. 6, Incurvaria pectinea, and (6a) the 
larva in its case feeding on a fallen oak leaf. 
7, Lampronia capitella, with (7a) a currant 
shoot withering from the effects of the larva 
feeding in the stem. 8, YPONOMEUTIDAE: 
Swammerdamia pyrella, with (8a) the larva in its 
web between united cherry leaves. 9, 
Yponomeutidae-Plutellinae: Plutella porrectella, 
and (9a) feeding on a Hesperis leaf. 10, 
GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: Orthotelia sparganella, with 
(10a) an eaten stem of Sparganium. 11. 
OECOPHORIDAE: Depressaria sp., with (11a) a leaf 
of Centaurea nigra distorted by its attentions. 
12, GELECHIIDAE: Anacampsis temerella, with 
(12a) a sallow leaf tenanted by it. 13, 
Metzneria aestivella, with (13a) a sectioned 
fruiting head of Carlina showing the feeding 
larva in situ. 14, OECOPHORIDAE: Crassa 
unitella, and (14a) a piece of decayed wood 
burrowed by the larvae. 15, GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: 
Glyphipteryx equitella, with (15a) shoots of 
Sedum acre showing the middle one bleached by 
excavations of the larva. 16, YPONOMEUTIDAE: 
Argyresthia bonnetella, with (16a) hawthorn 
shoots eaten by the larva. 17, GRACILLARIIDAE: 
Caloptilia alchimiella, with (17a) an oak lead 
exhibiting a cone formed by the larva. 18, 
OECOPHORIDAE: Agonopterix angelicella, with 
(18a) its cone on a hawthorn leaf. \i{}19, 
COLEOPHORIDAE\i0{}: \i{}Coleophora 
follicularis\i0{}, with (19a) a mined leaf of 
Eupatorium, and (19b) the case enlarged. 20, 
LYONETIIDAE: Bedellia somnulentella, with (20a) 
a mined Convolvulus arvensis leaf. 21, 
EPERMENIIDAE: Epermenia chaerophyllellus, with 
(21a) a portion of Anthriscus sylvestris leaf 
eaten half through by it. 22, MOMPHIDAE: 
Chrysoclista linneella, with (22a) a piece of 
inner bark of lime burrowed by it. 23, 
ELACHISTIDAE: Elachista maculicerusella. with 
(23a) a mined Phragmites leaf blade. 24, 
TISCHERIIDAE: Emmetia marginea, and (24a) a 
mined bramble leaf. 25, GRACILLARIIDAE: 
Phyllonorycter quinnata, with (25a) a mined 
Carpinus leaf. 26, LYONETIIDAE: Leucoptera 
laburnella, with (26a) a mined Laburnum leaf. 
27, Bucculatrix bechsteinella (Bucculatricidae), 
and a hawthorn leaf eaten half through. 28, 
NEPTICULIDAE: Nepticula sp., with (28a) a mined 
Potentilla leaf. From Stainton (1854, Plate X).> 
kirbycol.jpg <@subject Coleophora anatipennella: Kirby 55> 
meyr745.gif <@subject Coleophora onosmella: neuration> 
 
# \i{}Cossidae\i0{}/ 
newmcoss.jpg <@subject Cossus, Phragmataecia, Zeuzera: Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=276 y=938 
t=1, \i{}Cossus cossus\i0{} (Goat Moth); 2a-b, 
\i{}Zeuzera pyrina\i0{} (Leopard Moth, female 
and head of male); 3a-b, \i{}Phragmataecia 
arundinis\i0{} (Reed Leopard, male and female). 
From Newman, 1869.> 
kirbcos1.jpg <@subject Cossus, Phragmataecia, Zeuzera: Kirby 26 (part)> 
<@imagenotes x=82 y=631 
t=1, \i{}Cossus cossus\i0{} (Goat Moth); 3, 
\i{}Zeuzeera pyrina\i0{} (Wood Leopard); 4, 
\i{}Phragmaraecia castaneae\i0{} (Reed Leopard). 
From Kirby (1907).> 
bent060.jpg <@subject Cossus cossus (Goat Moth: B. Ent. 60)> 
text0601.gif <@subject Cossus cossus (legend+text: B. Ent. 60)> 
nod816.jpg <@subject Cossus cossus (Goat Moth: Shaw and Nodder, about 
1807)> 
nodt816.gif <@subject Cossus cossus (Goat Moth: Shaw and Nodder, text)> 
nodt8161.gif <@subject Cossus cossus (Goat Moth: Shaw and Nodder, text 
cont.)> 
cosneu.gif <@subject Cossus, Zeuzera: neuration> 
bent7221.jpg <@subject Zeuzera pyrina (Wood Leopard): B. Ent. 722> 
text7221.gif <@subject Zeuzera pyrina: B. Ent. 722, legend+text> 
text7222.gif <@subject Zeuzera pyrina: B. Ent. 722, text cont.> 
pho044.jpg <@subject Zeuzera pyrina (Leopard Moth - specimen)> 
<@imagenotes x=848 y=867 
t=COSSIDAE. \i{}Zeuzera pyrina\i0{}. July 1954, 
Bagneux, Seine. L. Watson.> 
 
# \i{}Crambidae\i0{}/ 
bent109.jpg <@subject Catoptria (Crambus) furcatellus (Northern 
Grass-veneer: B. Ent. 109)> 
leech091.jpg <@subject Agriphila, Catoptria, Chrysocrambus, Crambus, 
Pediasia and Thisanotia: Leech, 1886> 
<@imagenotes x=460 y=18 
t=PYRALIDAE-CRAMBINAE. 1, \i{}Catoptria 
pinella\i0{}; 2, \i{}Catoptria 
permutatella\i0{}. 3, \i{}Agriphila 
latistria\i0{}. 4, \i{}Crambus perlella\i0{}; 5, 
\i{}Crambus perlella\i0{} var. 
\i{}warringtonella\i0{}. 6, \i{}Agriphila 
selasella\i0{}. 7, \i{}Crambus pratella\i0{}. 8, 
\i{}Pediasia fascelinella\i0{}. 9, \i{}Agriphila 
inquinatella\i0{}. 10, \i{}Pediasia 
contaminella\i0{}. 11, \i{}Agriphila 
geniculea\i0{}; 12, \i{}Agriphila 
straminella\i0{}. 13, \i{}Thisanotia 
chrysonuchella\i0{}. 14, \i{}Chrysocrambus 
craterella\i0{}. Leech, 1886.> 
hubagri.jpg <@subject Agriphila deliella, A. immistella, A. 
inquinatella, 
A. selasella, A. straminella, A tristella: Hbner 
(1796-1813)> 
<@imagenotes x=473 y=135 
t=\i{}Agriphila Hbner\i0{}: current binomials 
for Hbner's original illustrations of the genus 
(1796-1813). 49, \i{}A. straminella\i0{}; 51 and 
52, \i{}A. tristella\i0{}; 54, \i{}A. 
inquinatella\i0{}; 264, \i{}A. immistella\i0{}; 
402 and 403, \i{}A. deliella\i0{}; 405 and 406, 
\i{}A. selasella\i0{}. See accompanying document 
for nomenclatural details.> 
hubcato.jpg <@subject Hbners illustrations of 7 Catoptria species 
(1796-1813)> 
<@imagenotes x=476 y=119 
t=\i{}Catoptria\i0{} Hbner: current binomials 
for Hbners illustrations of the genus 
(1796-1813): 30, \i{}C. falsella\i0{}; 36, \i{}C. 
pinella\i0{}; 37, \i{}C. myella\i0{}; 38, \i{}C. 
conchella\i0{}; 39, \i{}C. margaritella\i0{}; 47, 
\i{}C. petrificella\i0{}; 227, \i{}C. 
lithargyrella\i0{}; 265 and 266, \i{}C. 
fulgidella\i0{}; 287, \i{}C. myrtilella\i0{}; 
325, \i{}C. radiella\i0{}. See accompanying 
document for nomenclatural details.> 
text1091.gif <@subject Catoptria (Crambus) furcatellus (legend+text: B. 
Ent. 109)> 
cbus039.jpg <@subject Catoptria margaritella (specimen): photo> 
<@imagenotes x=851 y=889 
t=PYRALIDAE-CRAMBINAE. \i{}Catoptria 
margaritella\i0{}. 2/7/49, Chorlton Moss, R.G. 
Warren.> 
step0403.jpg <@subject Catoptria margaritella: Stephens IV, 1843> 
cbus019.jpg <@subject Catoptria pinella (specimens): photo> 
<@imagenotes x=458 y=21 
t=PYRALIDAE-CRAMBINAE. \i{}Catoptria 
pinella\i0{}. 30/7/56, Monks Wood, nr. 
Peterborough. L. Watson.> 
hubcram.jpg <@subject Hbners illustrations of 9 Crambus species 
(1796-1813)> 
<@imagenotes x=56 y=900 
t=\i{}Crambus\i0{} Fabricius. Current names for 
Hbner's illustrations (1796-1813) of the genus: 
29, \i{}C. pratella\i0{}; 31, \i{}C. 
pascuella\i0{}; 40, \i{}C. perlella\i0{}; 269 and 
270, \i{}C. silvella\i0{}; 271, \i{}C. 
ericella\i0{}; 384, \i{}C. lathoniellus\i0{}; 389 
and 490, \i{}C. pratella\i0{}; 667, \i{}C. 
hamella\i0{}. See accompanying document for 
nomenclatural details.> 
cbus050.jpg <@subject Crambus hamella (specimens): photo> 
<@imagenotes x=863 y=30 
t=PYRALIDAE-CRAMBINAE. \i{}Crambus hamella\i0{}. 
13/8/49, Cannock Chase, Staffs. R.G. Warren.> 
cbus032.jpg <@subject Crambus pascuella (specimen): photo> 
<@imagenotes x=617 y=59 
t=PYRALIDAE-CRAMBINAE. \i{}Crambus 
pascuella\i0{}. 14/7/39, Chorlton Moss, R.G. 
Warren.> 
cbus053.jpg <@subject Crambus perlella (specimen): photo> 
<@imagenotes x=869 y=874 
t=PYRALIDAE-CRAMBINAE. \i{}Crambus perlella\i0{}. 
23/7/56, Castor Hanglands, nr. Peterborough. L. 
Watson.> 
cbus060.jpg <@subject Crambus perlella var warringtonella (specimen): 
photo> 
<@imagenotes x=857 y=879 
t=PYRALIDAE-CRAMBINAE. \i{}Crambus perlella\i0{} 
var. \i{}warringtonella\i0{}. 30/6/35, Whixall 
Moss, R.G. Warren.> 
cbus075.jpg <@subject Crambus uliginosellus (specimens): photo> 
<@imagenotes x=65 y=309 
t=PYRALIDAE-CRAMBINAE. \i{}Crambus 
uliginosellus\i0{}. 17/7/48, Barlaston, R.G. 
Warren.> 
lchcra01.jpg <@subject Crambidae (4 genera): Le Cerf & Herbulot> 
lch223.jpg <@subject Ancylolomia: Le Cerf & Herbulot> 
kirby054.jpg <@subject Assorted Pyraloidea: Kirby> 
<@imagenotes x=439 y=2 
t=CRAMBIDAE. 23, \i{}Agriphila selasella\i0{} 
(Pale-streaked Veneer); 24, \i{}Catoptria 
pinella\i0{} (Pearl Veneer). 
PYRALIDAE-ODONTINAE. 1, \i{}Cynaeda 
dentalis\i0{} (Starry Brindle). 
PYRALIDAE-PYRALINAE. 2, \i{}Pyralis 
farinalis\i0{} (Meal Moth); 3, \i{}Aglossa 
pinguinalis\i0{} (Tabby). PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE. 
6, \i{}Pyrausta purpuralis\i0{} (Crimson and 
Gold Moth); 7, \i{}Pyrausta sanguinalis\i0{} 
(Scarce Crimson and Gold); 8, \i{}Pyrausta 
nigrata\i0{} (Wavy-barred Sable); 9, \i{}Anamia 
funebris\i0{} (White Spot); 10, \i{}Agrotera 
nemoralis\i0{} (Rare Rosy-flounced Moth); 13, 
\i{}Palpita unionalis\i0{}; 14, \i{}Mecyna 
flavalis\i0{} (Gold China Mark); 15, 
\i{}Microstega hyalinalis\i0{} (Scarce Pearl); 
16, \i{}Pleuropta ruralis\i0{} (Mother-of-pearl 
Moth); 17, \i{}Eurrhapara hortulata\i0{} (Small 
Magpie); 18, \i{}Eurrhapara coronata\i0{} 
(Garden China Mark); 20, \i{}Uresiphita 
limbalis\i0{}. PYRALIDAE- SCOPARIINAE. 21, 
\i{}Scoparia arundinata\i0{} (Hoary Grey). 
PYRALIDAE- SCHOENOBIINAE. 22. \i{}Schoenobius 
gigantella\i0{} (Giant Veneer). 
PYRALIDAE-GALLERIINAE. 27, \i{}Galleria 
melonella\i0{} (Honeycombe moth). 
PYRALIDAE-NYMPHULINAE. 11, \i{}Cataclysta 
lemnata\i0{} (Small China Mark); 12, 
\i{}Nymphula nymphaeata\i0{} (Beautiful China 
Mark). PYRALIDAE-PHYCITINAE. 26, \i{}Oncocera 
semirubella\i0{} (Rosy Veneer). PTEROPHORIDAE. 
28, \i{}Emmelina monodactyla\i0{} (Common 
Plume); 29, \i{}Leioptilus carphodactyla\i0{} 
(Citron Plume); 30, \i{}Pterophorus 
pentadactyla\i0{} (White Plume). ALUCITIDAE. 31, 
\i{}Alucita hexadactyla\i0{} (Twenty-plume 
Moth). TORTICOIDEA (q.v.). 32-35. 
MAINLAND-EUROPEAN species. 4, Eurrhypis 
pollinalis (Crambidae); 5, Metaxmeste phrygialis 
(Crambidae); 19, Loxostege aeruginalis 
(Crambidae); 25, "\i{}Myelophila cribrum\i0{}", 
= ?. From Kirby (1907, Plate 54, with names 
updated> 
meyr403.gif <@subject Chrysoteuchia: neuration> 
 
# \i{}Ctenuchidae\i0{}/ 
lchcte.jpg <@subject Syntomia, Dysauxes: imagines and venation> 
newm473.jpg <@subject Dysauxes ancilla (Handmaiden: Newman)> 
 
# \i{}Danaidae\i0{}/ 
fom027.jpg <@subject Danaus plexippus (Milkweed, Monarch: Morris)> 
 
# \i{}Douglasiidae\i0{}/ 
dougsta.jpg <@subject Tinagma ocnerostomella> 
<@imagenotes x=26 y=44 
t=\i{}Tinagma ocnerostomella\i0{}: fore-wing 
(5a), hind-wing (5b), and head (5c). From 
Stainton (1854, Plate VI).> 
meyr722.gif <@subject Douglasia ocnerostomella, neuration> 
 
# \i{}Drepanidae\i0{}/ 
newmdrep.jpg <@subject Drepanidae: Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=777 y=942 
t=1a-d, \i{}Falcaria lacertinaria\i0{} 
(Scalloped Hook-tip); 2a-b, \i{}Watsonalla 
binaria\i0{} (Oak Hook-tip); 3a-c, \i{}Drepana 
falcataria\i0{} (Pebble Hook-tip); 4a-b, 
\i{}Watsonalla cultraria\i0{} (Barred Hook-tip); 
5, \i{}Sabra harpagula\i0{} (Scarce Hook-tip); 
6, \i{}Cilix glaucata\i0{} (Chinese Character). 
From Newman, 1869.> 
cusplarv.jpg <@subject Larvae of Drepanidae and Notodontidae> 
<@imagenotes x=12 y=15 
t=\i{}DREPANIDAE: 1, Sabra harpagula (Scarce 
Hook-tip); 2, Cilix glaucata (Chinese 
Character)\i0{}. NOTODONTIDAE: 3, Furcula 
furcula (Sallow Kitten)l 4, Furcula bicuspis 
(Alder Kitten); 5, Furcula bifida (Poplar 
Kitten); 6, Cerura vinula (Puss Moth); 7, 
"Hoplitis terrifica" (exotic); 8, Stauropus fagi 
(Lobster Moth); 9, Ptilodon capucina (Coxcomb 
Prominent); 10, Leucodon bicolor (White 
Prominent); 11, Ptilodon cucullina (Maple 
Prominent); 12, Notodonta ziczac (Pebble 
Prominent); 13, Notodonta tritopus (Three Humped 
Prominent). From Newman, 1869.> 
bent555.jpg <@subject Drepana falcataria (Pebble Hook-tip: B. Ent. 555)>
text5551.gif <@subject Drepana falcataria: B. Ent. 555, legend+text> 
text5552.gif <@subject Drepana falcataria: B. Ent. 555, text cont.> 
kirbdrep.jpg <@subject Drepana, Falcaria, Sabra, Cilix (Hook-tips): 
Kirby 
31 (part)> 
<@imagenotes x=287 y=932 
t=2, \i{}Drepana falcataria\i0{} (Pebble 
Hook-tip); 3, \i{}Sabra harpagula\i0{} (Scarce 
Pebble Hook-tip); 4, \i{} Falcaria 
lacertinaria\i0{} (Scalloped Hook-tip); 5, 
\i{}Watsonalla binaria\i0{} (Oak Hook-tip); 6, 
\i{}Watsonalla cultraria\i0{} (Barred Hook-tip); 
7, \i{}Cilix glaucata\i0{} (Chinese Character).> 
dreneu01.gif <@subject neuration: Cilix, Drepana> 
 
# \i{}Elachistidae\i0{}/ 
stai3031.jpg <@subject Elachista maculicerusella (as cerusella), E. poae
and E. humilis (as airae): Stainton 3, III (1858)> 
<@imagenotes x=605 y=7 
t=ELACHISTIDAE. 1, \i{}Elachista 
maculicerusella\i0{}: imago (1m), larva (1a), 
and mined \i{}Phragmites\i0{} leaf (1b). 2, 
\i{}Elachista poae\i0{}: imago (2m), larva (2a), 
and mined leaf blade of \i{}Glyceria maxima\i0{} 
(2b). 3, \i{}Elachista humilis\i0{}: imago (3m) 
male and female, larva (3a), and mined leaf of 
\i{}Deschampsia caespitosa\i0{} (3b). Stainton 
3, III (1858).> 
stai303l.gif <@subject Stainton 3, III (1858): original legend.> 
stai3041.jpg <@subject Elachista bedellella, E. argentella (as 
cygnipennella) and E. tetragonella: Stainton 3, IV 
(1858)> 
<@imagenotes x=635 y=7 
t=ELACHISTIDAE. 1, \i{}Elachista 
bedellella\i0{}. Larva (1a), and mined leaf 
blades of \i{}Helictotrichon pratense\i0{} (1b). 
2, \i{}Elachista argentella\i0{}. Larva (2a), 
and a mined leaf blade of \i{}Bromus 
erectus\i0{} (2b). 3, Elachista tetragonella. 
Larva (3a), and a sprig of \i{}Carex 
montana\i0{} exhibiting a mined leaf blade (3b). 
Stainton 3, IV (1858).> 
stai3051.jpg <@subject Elachista gangabella, E. bisulcella (as 
zonariella) 
and Cosmiotes freyerella (as E. gregsoni): Stainton 
3, V (1858)> 
<@imagenotes x=661 y=7 
t=ELACHISTIDAE. 1, \i{}Elachista 
gangabella\i0{}: imago, male and female (1m); 
larva (1a), and two mined leaves of \i{}Dactylis 
glomerata\i0{} (1b). 2, \i{}Elachista 
bisulcella\i0{}: imago (2m), larva (2a), and 
mined leaf of \i{}Deschampsia caespitosa\i0{} 
(2b). 3, \i{}Cosmiotes freyerella\i0{}: imago 
(3m), male and female; larva (3a), and two mined 
leaves of a \i{}Poa\i0{} sp. (3b). Stainton 3, V 
(1858).> 
stai305l.gif <@subject Stainton 3, V (1858): original legend.> 
stai3061.jpg <@subject Biselachista cinereopunctella, Elachista 
gleichenella, Elachista biatomella: Stainton 3, VI 
(1858)> 
<@imagenotes x=633 y=6 
t=ELACHISTIDAE. 1, \i{}Biselachista 
cinereopunctella\i0{}: imago (1m), larva (1a), 
mined leaves of \i{}Carex flacca\i0{} (1b), and 
pupa (1c). 2, \i{}Elachista gleichenella\i0{}: 
imago (2m), larva (2a), and mined leaves of 
\i{}Carex echinata\i0{} (2b). 3, \i{}Elachista 
biatomella\i0{}: imago (3m), larva (3a), and 
(3b) a plant of \i{}Carex flacca\i0{} with a 
mined leaf, plus a detached leaf with a young 
mine. Stainton 3, VI (1858).> 
stai306l.gif <@subject Stainton 3, VI (1858): original legend.> 
stai3071.jpg <@subject Elachista utonella, E. subnigrella and E. 
quadrella 
(= ?): Stainton 3, VII (1858)> 
<@imagenotes x=887 y=11 
t=ELACHISTIDAE. 1, \i{}Elachista utonella\i0{}: 
imago (1m), larva (1a), and mined leaf of 
\i{}Carex flacca\i0{} (1b). 2, \i{}Elachista 
subnigrella\i0{}: imago (2m), larva (2a), mined 
leaves of \i{}Bromus erectus\i0{} (2b), and pupa 
(2c). 3, \i{}Elachista quadrella\i0{}, = ? (cf. 
\i{}E. quadrella\i0{} Hbner?): imago (3m), 
larva (3a), and mined leaf of \i{}Luzula 
pilosa\i0{} (3b). Stainton 3, VII (1858).> 
stai307l.gif <@subject Stainton 3, VII (1858): original legend.> 
stongele.jpg <@subject Elachista spp.: Stainton (1859)> 
<@imagenotes x=879 y=899 
t=GELECHIOIDEA. \i{}Elachistidae\i0{}: \i{}1, 
Elachista gangabella\i0{}; \i{}2, Elachista 
maculicerusella\i0{}; \i{}3, Elachista 
gleichenella\i0{}. Gelechiidae: 4, Teleiodes 
luculella; 5, Pseudotelphusa scalella; 6, 
Hypatima rhomboidella; 7, Recurvaria leucatella. 
From Stainton (1859, with approximate wingspans 
added).> 
staintin.jpg <@subject Stainton's representative 'Tineina'> 
<@imagenotes x=14 y=47 
t=Stainton's TINEINA (Elachistidae italicised). 
2, Ochsenheimeria birdella; 3, Tinea ganomella; 
4, Eriocrania salopiella; 5, Nemophora 
metallica; 6, Swammerdamia pyrella; 7, 
Yponomeuta sedella; 8, Plutella xylostella; 9, 
Ypsolopha dentella; 10, Agonopterix 
alstroemeriana; 11, Pexicopia malvella; 12, 
Chrysoesthia drurella; 13, Ypsolopha 
parenthesella; 14, Schiffermuelleria grandis; 
15, Scythris grandipennis; 16, Glyphipteryx 
equitella; 17, Heliozela resplendella; 18, 
Argyresthia bonnetella; 19, Caloptilia 
alchimiella; 20, Coleophora lineola; 21, 
Bedellia somnulentella; 22, Cosmopteryx 
lienigiella; 23, Mompha propinquella; \i{}24, 
Elachista gangabella\i0{}; \i{}25, Elachista 
maculicerusella\i0{}; 26, Emmetia marginea; 27, 
Phyllonorycter acerifoliella; 28, Phyllonorycter 
stettinensis; 29, Leucoptera malifoliella; 30, 
Ectoedemia sericopeza. From Stainton (1854, 
Plate IX).> 
lchelac.jpg <@subject Elachista argentella> 
staint10.jpg <@subject Larvae of 'Tineina' (Stainton)> 
<@imagenotes x=892 y=5 
t=1, OECOPHORIDAE: Diurnea fagella larva, and 
(1a) shown between united birch leaves. 2, 
PSYCHIDIDAE: Taleporia(?) larva, showing cases 
attached to lichen (2a), and a single case 
enlarged. 3, YPONOMEUTIDAE: Ochsenheimeria 
taurella, and (3a) a section of grass stem 
showing the larva in situ. 4, TINEIDAE: Tineola 
bisselliella, with a gallery formed in feathers 
(4a); 4b, a case of Tinea pellionella on a 
feather. 5, INCURVARIIDAE: Incurvaria 
praelatella, with a partially devoured wild 
strawberry leaf (5a), and a case from the 
underside. 6, Incurvaria pectinea, and (6a) the 
larva in its case feeding on a fallen oak leaf. 
7, Lampronia capitella, with (7a) a currant 
shoot withering from the effects of the larva 
feeding in the stem. 8, YPONOMEUTIDAE: 
Swammerdamia pyrella, with (8a) the larva in its 
web between united cherry leaves. 9, 
Yponomeutidae-Plutellinae: Plutella porrectella, 
and (9a) feeding on a Hesperis leaf. 10, 
GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: Orthotelia sparganella, with 
(10a) an eaten stem of Sparganium. 11. 
OECOPHORIDAE: Depressaria sp., with (11a) a leaf 
of Centaurea nigra distorted by its attentions. 
12, GELECHIIDAE: Anacampsis temerella, with 
(12a) a sallow leaf tenanted by it. 13, 
Metzneria aestivella, with (13a) a sectioned 
fruiting head of Carlina showing the feeding 
larva in situ. 14, OECOPHORIDAE: Crassa 
unitella, and (14a) a piece of decayed wood 
burrowed by the larvae. 15, GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: 
Glyphipteryx equitella, with (15a) shoots of 
Sedum acre showing the middle one bleached by 
excavations of the larva. 16, YPONOMEUTIDAE: 
Argyresthia bonnetella, with (16a) hawthorn 
shoots eaten by the larva. 17, GRACILLARIIDAE: 
Caloptilia alchimiella, with (17a) an oak lead 
exhibiting a cone formed by the larva. 18, 
OECOPHORIDAE: Agonopterix angelicella, with 
(18a) its cone on a hawthorn leaf. 19, 
COLEOPHORIDAE: Coleophora follicularis, with 
(19a) a mined leaf of Eupatorium, and (19b) the 
case enlarged. 20, LYONETIIDAE: Bedellia 
somnulentella, with (20a) a mined Convolvulus 
arvensis leaf. 21, EPERMENIIDAE: Epermenia 
chaerophyllellus, with (21a) a portion of 
Anthriscus sylvestris leaf eaten half through by 
it. 22, MOMPHIDAE: Chrysoclista linneella, with 
(22a) a piece of inner bark of lime burrowed by 
it. \i{}23, ELACHISTIDAE\i0{}: \i{}Elachista 
maculicerusella\i0{}. with (23a) a mined 
\i{}Phragmites\i0{} leaf blade. 24, 
TISCHERIIDAE: Emmetia marginea, and (24a) a 
mined bramble leaf. 25, GRACILLARIIDAE: 
Phyllonorycter quinnata, with (25a) a mined 
Carpinus leaf. 26, LYONETIIDAE: Leucoptera 
laburnella, with (26a) a mined Laburnum leaf. 
27, Bucculatrix bechsteinella (Bucculatricidae), 
and a hawthorn leaf eaten half through. 28, 
NEPTICULIDAE: Nepticula sp., with (28a) a mined 
Potentilla leaf. From Stainton (1854, Plate X).> 
meyr712.gif <@subject Elachista rufocinerea, neuration> 
 
# \i{}Endromidae\i0{}/ 
newmsatu.jpg <@subject Endromidae, Saturniidae: Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=863 y=80 
t=SATURNIIDAE: 1a-b, \i{}Saturnia pavonia\i0{} 
(Emperor, male and female). ENDROMIDAE: 2a-b, 
\i{}Endromis versicolor\i0{} (Kentish Glory, 
male and female). From Newman, 1869.> 
bent434.jpg <@subject Endromis versicolora (Kentish Glory: B. Ent. 434)>
text434.gif <@subject Endromis versicolora (legend+text: B. Ent. 434)> 
text4341.gif <@subject Endromis versicolora (text, cont.: B. Ent. 434)> 
dpon0011.jpg <@subject Larva: Endromis versicolora (Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=27 y=21 
t=Endromidae. \i{}Endromis versocolora\i0{} 
(Kentish Glory). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.> 
endneu.gif <@subject Endromis versicolora: neuration> 
 
# \i{}Epermeniidae\i0{}/ 
sta12031.jpg <@subject Epermenia aequidentellus (as daucellus), E. 
falciformis (as illigerellus), and 
(mainland-European) Ochromolopis staintonellus: 
Stainton 12, III (1870)> 
<@imagenotes x=32 y=16 
t=EPERMENIIDAE. 1, \i{}Epermenia 
aequidentellus\i0{}. Larva (1a), and a carrot 
leaf discoloured by it (1b). 2, \i{}Ochromolopis 
staintonellus\i0{}. Larva (2a); sprigs of 
\i{}Osyris alba\i0{} attacked by it (2b, 2b*); 
and pupa (2c). 3, \i{}Epermenia 
falciformis\i0{}. Larva (3a), and leaf of 
\i{}Aegopodium podagraria\i0{} twisted by it 
(3b). Stainton 12, III (1870).> 
sta1203l.gif <@subject Stainton 12, III (1870): original legend.> 
sta12043.jpg <@subject Ochromolopis ictella (mainland-European): 
Stainton 
12, IV (1870)> 
<@imagenotes x=45 y=45 
t=EPERMENIIDAE. 3, \i{}Ochromolopsis 
ictella\i0{}. Larva (3a), and a shoot of 
\i{}Thesium montanum\i0{} drawn together by it 
(3b). Stainton 12, IV (1870).> 
sta1204z.gif <@subject Stainton 12, IV (1870): original legend.> 
step0391.jpg <@subject Epermenia chaerophyllella: Stephens IV, 1834> 
lcheper.jpg <@subject Epermenia chaerophyllella: Le Cerf & Herbulot> 
epermst.jpg <@subject Epermenia and Phaulernis: details (Stainton)> 
<@imagenotes x=16 y=27 
t=2a-2c, \i{}Phaulernis dentella\i0{}: fore- and 
hind-wings, and head. 7a-c, Epermenia 
chaerophyllellus: fore- and hind-wings, and head. 
7'a, \i{}Epermenia insecurella\i0{}, fore-wing. 
From Stainton (1854, Plates VI and VII).> 
staint10.jpg <@subject Larvae of 'Tineina' (Stainton)> 
<@imagenotes x=892 y=5 
t=1, OECOPHORIDAE: Diurnea fagella larva, and 
(1a) shown between united birch leaves. 2, 
PSYCHIDIDAE: Taleporia(?) larva, showing cases 
attached to lichen (2a), and a single case 
enlarged. 3, YPONOMEUTIDAE: Ochsenheimeria 
taurella, and (3a) a section of grass stem 
showing the larva in situ. 4, TINEIDAE: Tineola 
bisselliella, with a gallery formed in feathers 
(4a); 4b, a case of Tinea pellionella on a 
feather. 5, INCURVARIIDAE: Incurvaria 
praelatella, with a partially devoured wild 
strawberry leaf (5a), and a case from the 
underside. 6, Incurvaria pectinea, and (6a) the 
larva in its case feeding on a fallen oak leaf. 
7, Lampronia capitella, with (7a) a currant 
shoot withering from the effects of the larva 
feeding in the stem. 8, YPONOMEUTIDAE: 
Swammerdamia pyrella, with (8a) the larva in its 
web between united cherry leaves. 9, 
Yponomeutidae-Plutellinae: Plutella porrectella, 
and (9a) feeding on a Hesperis leaf. 10, 
GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: Orthotelia sparganella, with 
(10a) an eaten stem of Sparganium. 11. 
OECOPHORIDAE: Depressaria sp., with (11a) a leaf 
of Centaurea nigra distorted by its attentions. 
12, GELECHIIDAE: Anacampsis temerella, with 
(12a) a sallow leaf tenanted by it. 13, 
Metzneria aestivella, with (13a) a sectioned 
fruiting head of Carlina showing the feeding 
larva in situ. 14, OECOPHORIDAE: Crassa 
unitella, and (14a) a piece of decayed wood 
burrowed by the larvae. 15, GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: 
Glyphipteryx equitella, with (15a) shoots of 
Sedum acre showing the middle one bleached by 
excavations of the larva. 16, YPONOMEUTIDAE: 
Argyresthia bonnetella, with (16a) hawthorn 
shoots eaten by the larva. 17, GRACILLARIIDAE: 
Caloptilia alchimiella, with (17a) an oak lead 
exhibiting a cone formed by the larva. 18, 
OECOPHORIDAE: Agonopterix angelicella, with 
(18a) its cone on a hawthorn leaf. 19, 
COLEOPHORIDAE: Coleophora follicularis, with 
(19a) a mined leaf of Eupatorium, and (19b) the 
case enlarged. 20, LYONETIIDAE: Bedellia 
somnulentella, with (20a) a mined Convolvulus 
arvensis leaf. \i{}21, EPERMENIIDAE\i0{}: 
\i{}Epermenia chaerophyllellus\i0{}, with (21a) 
a portion of Anthriscus sylvestris leaf eaten 
half through by it. 22, MOMPHIDAE: Chrysoclista 
linneella, with (22a) a piece of inner bark of 
lime burrowed by it. 23, ELACHISTIDAE: Elachista 
maculicerusella. with (23a) a mined Phragmites 
leaf blade. 24, TISCHERIIDAE: Emmetia marginea, 
and (24a) a mined bramble leaf. 25, 
GRACILLARIIDAE: Phyllonorycter quinnata, with 
(25a) a mined Carpinus leaf. 26, LYONETIIDAE: 
Leucoptera laburnella, with (26a) a mined 
Laburnum leaf. 27, Bucculatrix bechsteinella 
(Bucculatricidae), and a hawthorn leaf eaten 
half through. 28, NEPTICULIDAE: Nepticula sp., 
with (28a) a mined Potentilla leaf. From 
Stainton (1854, Plate X).> 
meyr794.gif <@subject Epermenia chaerophyllella, neuration> 
 
# \i{}Eriocraniidae\i0{}/ 
sta13031.jpg <@subject Eriocrania subpurpurella, E. unimaculella, E. 
salopiella: Stainton 13, III (1873)> 
<@imagenotes x=685 y=351 
t=ERIOCRANIDAE. 1, \i{}Eriocrania\i0{} 
(\i{}Mnemonica\i0{}) \i{}subpurpurella\i0{}. 
Larva (1a), and a mined oak leaf (1b). 2, 
\i{}Eriocrania\i0{} (\i{}Mnemonica\i0{}) 
\i{}unimaculella\i0{}. Larva (2a), and a mined 
birch leaf (2b). 3, \i{}Eriocrania 
salopiella\i0{}. Larva (3a), and a mined birch 
leaf (3b). Stainton 13, III (1873).> 
sta1303l.gif <@subject Stainton 13, III (1873): original legend.> 
micropst.jpg <@subject Eriocrania and Micropteryx> 
<@imagenotes x=14 y=894 
t=4a-4c, \i{}Micropteryx aureatella\i0{} 
(Micropterigidae): fore- and hind-wings, and 
head. 4'a and 4'b, \i{}Eriocrania 
semipurpurella\i0{}. From Stainton (1854, Plate 
II)> 
lcheri.jpg <@subject Dyseriocrania subpurpurella: imago and neuration> 
staintin.jpg <@subject Stainton's representative 'Tineina'> 
<@imagenotes x=14 y=47 
t=Stainton's TINEINA (Eriocraniidae italicised). 
2, Ochsenheimeria birdella; 3, Tinea ganomella; 
\i{}4, Eriocrania salopiella\i0{}; 5, Nemophora 
metallica; 6, Swammerdamia pyrella; 7, 
Yponomeuta sedella; 8, Plutella xylostella; 9, 
Ypsolopha dentella; 10, Agonopterix 
alstroemeriana; 11, Pexicopia malvella; 12, 
Chrysoesthia drurella; 13, Ypsolopha 
parenthesella; 14, Schiffermuelleria grandis; 
15, Scythris grandipennis; 16, Glyphipteryx 
equitella; 17, Heliozela resplendella; 18, 
Argyresthia bonnetella; 19, Caloptilia 
alchimiella; 20, Coleophora lineola; 21, 
Bedellia somnulentella; 22, Cosmopteryx 
lienigiella; 23, Mompha propinquella; 24, 
Elachista gangabella; 25, Elachista 
maculicerusella; 26, Emmetia marginea; 27, 
Phyllonorycter acerifoliella; 28, Phyllonorycter 
stettinensis; 29, Leucoptera malifoliella; 30, 
Ectoedemia sericopeza. From Stainton (1854, 
Plate IX).> 
 
# \i{}Ethmiidae\i0{}/ 
bent412.jpg <@subject Ethmia bipunctella (Viper's Bugloss Moth, Bordered
Echium Ermel: B. Ent. 412)> 
bent412.jpg <@subject Ethmia pusiella (Gromwell Moth, Beautiful Ermel: 
B. 
Ent. 412)> 
text4121.gif <@subject Ethmia bipunctella, E. pusiella: B. Ent. 412, 
legend+text> 
text4122.gif <@subject Ethmia bipunctella, E. pusiella: B. Ent. 412, 
text 
cont.> 
sta13061.jpg <@subject Ethmia quadrillella (as funerella), Ethmia 
bipunctella, Ethmia dodecia (as decemguttella): 
Stainton 13, VI (1873)> 
<@imagenotes x=34 y=16 
t=ETHMIIDAE. 1, \i{}Ethmia quadrillella\i0{}. 
Larva (1a), and a piece of \i{}Symphytum 
officinale\i0{} leaf eaten by it (1b). 2, 
\i{}Ethmia bipunctella\i0{}. Larva (2a), and a 
sprig of \i{}Echium vulgare\i0{} with its web 
(2b). 3, \i{}Ethmia dodecea\i0{}. Larva (3a), 
and a sprig of \i{}Lithospermum officinale\i0{} 
eaten by it (3b). Stainton 13, VI (1873).> 
sta1306l.gif <@subject Stainton 13, VI (1873): original legend.> 
ptero069.jpg <@subject Ethmia quadrillella (specimens): photo> 
<@imagenotes x=53 y=25 
t=ETHMIIDAE. \i{}Ethmia quadrillella\i0{}. 
22/7/56, Woodwalton Fen, Hunts. L. Watson.> 
step0393.jpg <@subject Ethmia pusiella: Stephens IV, 1834> 
stain309.jpg <@subject Ethmia quadrillella: Stainton (1859)> 
<@imagenotes x=833 y=16 
t=\i{}Ethmia quadrillella\i0{}, on 
\i{}Symphytum\i0{}. The moth from Stainton 
(1859, with approximate wingspan added), the 
host plant from Le Maout and Decaisne.> 
ethmist.jpg <@subject Ethmia quadrillella: Stainton (1854)> 
<@imagenotes x=879 y=36 
t=Fore- and hindwings, and head, of \i{}Ethmia 
quadrillella\i0{}. From Stainton (1854, Plate 
III).> 
 
# \i{}Eucosmidae\i0{}/ 
wilkeuc1.jpg <@subject 9 genera (Wilkinson)> 
<@imagenotes x=490 y=287 
t=1, \i{}Epinotia rubiginosana\i0{} (female); 2, 
\i{}Epinotia crenana\i0{} (male); 3, \i{}Eucosma 
hohenwartiana\i0{} (male); 4, \i{}Pammene 
fasciana\i0{} (female); 5, \i{}Epiblema 
turbidana\i0{} (male); 6, \i{}Gypsona 
sociana\i0{} (female); 7, \i{}Ancylis 
unculana\i0{} (male); 8, \i{}Celypha 
rivulana\i0{}; 9, \i{}Celypha cespitana\i0{} 
(female); 10, \i{}Apotomis sororculana\i0{} 
(female); 11, \i{}Cydia dorsana\i0{} (male); 12, 
\i{}Cydia coniferana\i0{} (female). From 
Wilkinson, 1859 (scales = approx. 1cm).> 
stoneuc1.jpg <@subject Ancylis, Apotomis, Epiblema and Epinotis: 
Stainton 
(1859)> 
<@imagenotes x=871 y=31 
t=1 and 3, \i{}Epinotia ramella\i0{} (3 
representing a dark form, formerly regarded as a 
distinct species); 2, \i{}Epinotia 
solandriana\i0{}; 4, \i{}Ancylis badiana\i0{}; 
5, \i{}Ancylis achatana\i0{}; 6, \i{}Epiblema 
uddmanniana\i0{} (Bramble Shoot Moth); 7, 
\i{}Epiblema roborana\i0{}; 8, \i{}Epiblema 
scutulana\i0{}; 9,\i{} Epiblema foenella\i0{}; 
10, \i{}Apotomis lineana\i0{}. From Stainton 
(1859), with approximate 1cm scale added.> 
stoneuc2.jpg <@subject Archips, Cydia, Dichrorampha, Eucosma, 
Eucosmomorpha, Olethreutes, Pammene: Stainton 
(1859)> 
<@imagenotes x=434 y=422 
t=1, \i{}Eucosma pupillana\i0{}; 2, \i{}Eucosma 
conterminana\i0{}; 3, \i{}Eucosmomorpha 
albersana\i0{}; 4, \i{}Olethreutes 
arcuella\i0{}; 5, \i{}Olethreutes 
schulziana\i0{}; 6, \i{}Archips crataegana\i0{}; 
7, \i{}Pammene aurana\i0{}; 8, \i{}Pammene 
argyrana\i0{}; 9, \i{}Zeiraphera isertana\i0{}; 
10, \i{}Dichrorampha sequana\i0{}; 11, 
\i{}Cydia\i0{} (\i{}Laspeyresia\i0{}) 
\i{}splendana\i0{}. From Stainton (1859, with 
approximate 1cm scale added).> 
kirbeuc.jpg <@subject Assorted Eucosmidae: Kirby> 
<@imagenotes x=912 y=915 
t=1, \i{}Epiblema foenella\i0{}; 2, \i{}Eucosma 
conterminana\i0{}; 4, \i{}Cydia aurana\i0{}; 5, 
\i{}Petrova resinella\i0{}; 6, \i{}Cydia 
pomonella\i0{} (Codling Moth); 7; \i{}Thiodia 
citrana\i0{}; 10, \i{}Tortricodes alternella\i0{} 
(or \i{}Acleris hyemana\i0{}?); 32, \i{}Hedya 
pruniana\i0{}; 33, \i{}Hedya salicella\i0{}. From 
Kirby (1907)> 
bent583.jpg <@subject Pammene fasciana: B. Ent. 583> 
text5831.gif <@subject Pammene fasciana: B. Ent. 583, legend+text> 
text5832.gif <@subject Pammene fasciana: B. Ent. 583, text cont.> 
step0343.jpg <@subject Rhopobota stagnana: Stephens IV, 1834> 
bent376.jpg <@subject Rhopobota ustomaculana (Curtis): Loch Rannoch 
Tortrix, Rannoch Bell: B. Ent. 376)> 
text3761.gif <@subject Rhopobota ustomaculana: B. Ent. 376, legend+text>
text3762.gif <@subject Rhopobota ustomaculana: B. Ent. 376, text cont.> 
bent3761.jpg <@subject Rhopobota ustomaculana (detail and dissections: 
B. 
Ent. 376)> 
bent352.jpg <@subject Selania leplastriana (Leplastrier's Piercer: B. 
Ent. 
352)> 
text3521.gif <@subject Selania leplastriana: B. Ent. 352, legend+text> 
text3522.gif <@subject Selania leplastriana: B. Ent. 352, text cont.> 
bent571.jpg <@subject Apotomis semifasciana (Short-barred Grey Marble: 
B. 
Ent. 571)> 
text5711.gif <@subject Apotomis semifasciana: B. Ent. 571, legend+text> 
text5712.gif <@subject Apotomis semifasciana: B. Ent. 571, text cont.> 
bent567.jpg <@subject Apotomis sauciana (ssp. grevillana Curtis: 
Sutherland Long-cloak, Greville's Marble: B. Ent. 
567)> 
text567.gif <@subject Apotomis sauciana (ssp. grevillana Curtis: B. Ent.
567, legend+text)> 
text5671.gif <@subject Apotomis sauciana (ssp. grevillana Curtis: B. 
Ent. 
567, text cont.)> 
step0383.jpg <@subject Celypha aurofasciana: Stephens IV, 1834> 
step0361.jpg <@subject Epinotia caprana: Stephens IV, 1834> 
step0342.jpg <@subject Eucosma pupillana (cf. E. hohenwartiana): 
Stephens 
IV, 1834> 
step0371.jpg <@subject Ancylis laetana, Grapholita compositella, 
Epiblema 
costipunctana: Stephens IV, 1834> 
<@imagenotes x=635 y=773 
t=EUCOSMIDAE. 1, \i{}Ancylis laetana\i0{}; 2, 
\i{}Grapholita compositella\i0{}; 3, 
\i{}Epiblema costipunctana\i0{}. From Stephens, 
1828.> 
bent364.jpg <@subject Pseudococcyx turionella (Orange and Silver Ribbon:
B. Ent. 364)> 
text3641.gif <@subject Pseudococcyx turionella: B. Ent. 364, 
legend+text> 
text3642.gif <@subject Pseudococcyx turionella: B. Ent. 364, text cont.>
kir556.jpg <@subject Cydia pomonella (Codling Moth: Kirby)> 
hbvii031.jpg <@subject Aterpia, Endothenia, Hedya, Spilonota: Hbner 
VII, 
3 (1796-1799)> 
<@imagenotes x=353 y=173 
t=TORTRICIDAE-OLETHREUTINAE. 11, \i{}Hedya 
salicana\i0{}. 12, \i{}Endothenia 
gentainaeana\i0{} (Hbner). 13, \i{}Aterpia 
corticana\i0{}. 14, \i{}Hedya nubiferana\i0{} 
(variegana Hbner); 15, \i{}Hedya pruniana\i0{} 
(Hbner). 16, cf. \i{}Spilonota ocellana\i0{} 
(\i{}comitana\i0{} Hbner). From Hbner VII, 
Plate 3, with names updated; see accompanying 
document for details.> 
hbvii041.jpg <@subject Epiblema, Eucosma, Eudemis, Lathronympha, 
Pammene, 
Spilonota: Hbner VII, 4 (1796-1799)> 
<@imagenotes x=45 y=25 
t=TORTRICIDAE-OLETHREUTINAE. 17, \i{}Epiblema 
cf. roborana\i0{} (\i{}aquana\i0{} Hbner); 18, 
cf. \i{}Spilonota ocellana\i0{}; 19, cf. 
\i{}Epiblema similana\i0{} (\i{}asseclana\i0{} 
Hbner); 20, \i{}Eucosma pupillana\i0{}; 21, 
\i{}Eudemis profundana\i0{}; 22, \i{}Pammene 
aurana\i0{}; 23, \i{}Lathronympha 
hypericana\i0{} Hbner. From Hbner VII, Plate 
4, with names updated; see accompanying document 
for details.> 
hbvii051.jpg <@subject Ancylis, Eudemis, Pelochrista, Phiaris, Retinia: 
Hbner VII, 5 (1796-1799)> 
<@imagenotes x=873 y=911 
t=TORTRICIDAE-OLETHREUTINAE. 24, \i{}Cydia 
amplana\i0{} (Hbner); 25, \i{}Ancylis 
achatana\i0{} (\i{}marmorana\i0{} Hbner); 26, 
\i{}Eudemis porphyrana\i0{} (Hbner); 27, 
\i{}Pelochrista caecimaculana\i0{} (Hbner); 28, 
\i{}Phiaris micana\i0{}; 29, \i{}Retinia\i0{} 
cf. resinella (\i{}resinana\i0{}). From Hbner 
VII, Plate 5, with names updated; see 
accompanying document for details.> 
hbvii061.jpg <@subject Cydia, Enarmonia, Eucosma, Olethreutes: Hbner 
VII, 
6 (1796-1799)> 
<@imagenotes x=61 y=889 
t=TORTRICIDAE-OLETHREUTINAE. 30, \i{}Cydia 
pomonella\i0{} (\i{}pomonana\i0{}); 31, 
\i{}Cydia splendana\i0{} (Hbner); 32, 
\i{}Enarmonia\i0{} cf. \i{}formosana\i0{} 
(\i{}ornatana\i0{} Hbner); 33, \i{}Olethreutes 
arcuella\i0{} (\i{}arcuana\i0{}); 34, 
\i{}Eucosma absinthiana\i0{} (Hbner). From 
Hbner VII, Plate 6, with names updated; see 
accompanying document for details.> 
hbvii071.jpg <@subject Cydia, Epiblema, Pammene: Hbner VII, 7 (part, 
1796-1799)> 
<@imagenotes x=47 y=916 
t=TORTRICIDAE-OLETHREUTINAE. 35, \i{}Cydia 
lunulana\i0{}; 36, \i{}Cydia lunulana\i0{} 
(\i{}dorsana\i0{}). 38, \i{}Pammene 
trauniana\i0{}. 40, \i{}Epiblema foenella\i0{} 
(\i{}tibialana\i0{} Hbner); 41, Epiblema 
similana. Compiled from plates of Hbner VII, 
with names updated; see accompanying document 
for details.> 
hbvii081.jpg <@subject Cydia, Dichrorampha, Hedya, Pammene: Hbner VII, 
Plate 8 (1796-1799)> 
<@imagenotes x=53 y=921 
t=TORTRICIDAE-OLETHREUTINAE. 42, \i{}Cydia 
compositella\i0{} (\i{}gundiana\i0{} Hbner); 
43, \i{}Cydia inquinatana\i0{} (Hbner); 44, 
\i{}Dichrorampha \i0{} \i{}sequana\i0{} 
(Hbner); 45, \i{}Hedya dimidiana\i0{} 
(\i{}schreberiana\i0{}); 46, \i{}Pammene 
argyrana\i0{} (Hbner). 47, \i{}Pammene 
germmana\i0{} (Hbner). From Hbner VII, Plate 
8, with names updated; see accompanying document 
for details.> 
hbvii091.jpg <@subject Ancylis and Epinotia: Hbner VII, 9 (part, 
1796-1799)> 
<@imagenotes x=41 y=906 
t=TORTRICIDAE-OLETHREUTINAE. 48, \i{}Epinotia 
solandriana\i0{} (\i{}semimaculana\i0{} Hbner); 
49, \i{}Ancylis achatana\i0{}. 51, \i{}Epinotia 
maculana\i0{} (\i{}ophtalmicana\i0{} Hbner); 
52, \i{}Epinotia festivana\i0{} (Hbner). 
53,\i{} Ancylis badiana\i0{} (\i{}corylana\i0{} 
Hbner). Compiled from plates of Hbner VII 
(mostly Plate 9), with names updated; see 
accompanying document for details.> 
hbvii101.jpg <@subject Apotomis and Olethreutes: Hbner VII, 10 (part, 
1796-1799)> 
<@imagenotes x=73 y=918 
t=TORTRICIDAE-OLETHREUTINAE. 57, \i{}Olethreutes 
schulziana\i0{} (\i{}pinetana\i0{} Hbner). 60, 
\i{}Apotomis inundana\i0{}. 65, \i{}Orthotaenia 
undulana\i0{} (\i{}urticana\i0{} Hbner); 66, 
Celypha striana (\i{}rusticana\i0{} Hbner). 68, 
\i{}Phiaris metallicana\i0{} (Hbner). 69, 
\i{}Epinotia pygmaeana\i0{} (Hbner). 70, cf. 
\i{}Cydia strobilella\i0{} (\i{}strobilana\i0{} 
Hbner). 73, \i{}Gypsonoma minutana\i0{} 
(Hbner). Compiled from plates of Hbner VII, 
with names updated; see accompanying document 
for details.> 
hbvii131.jpg <@subject 5 Ancylis spp. and Bactra lancealana: Hbner VII,
Plate 13 (1796-1799)> 
<@imagenotes x=99 y=912 
t=TORTRICIDAE-OLETHREUTINAE. 76, \i{}Ancylis 
uncella\i0{} (\i{}uncana\i0{} Hbner). 77, 
\i{}Ancylis laetana\i0{} (\i{}harpana\i0{} 
Hbner); 78, \i{}Ancylis unguicella\i0{} 
(\i{}falcana\i0{} Hbner); 79, \i{}Ancylis 
apicella\i0{} (\i{}siculana\i0{} Hbner); 80, 
\i{}Bactra lancealana\i0{} (Hbner); 81, 
\i{}Ancylis tineana\i0{} (Hbner). From Hbner 
VII, Plate 13, with names updated; see 
accompanying document for details.> 
hbvii161.jpg <@subject Apotomis, Celypha, Notocelia, Olethreutes, 
Pristerognatha, Pseudosciaphila, Zeiraphera: Hbner 
VII (1796-1799)> 
<@imagenotes x=61 y=910 
t=TORTRICIDAE-OLETHREUTINAE. 101, 
\i{}asinana\i0{}, cf. \i{}Pseudosciaphila 
branderiana\i0{}. 106, \i{}Olethreutes 
rivulana\i0{} (\i{}conchana\i0{} Hbner). 109, 
\i{}Pristerognatha\i0{} \i{}fuligana\i0{}; 110, 
\i{}Apotomis lineana\i0{} (\i{}scriptana\i0{} 
Hbner). 122, \i{}Pseudosciaphila 
branderiana\i0{} (\i{}maurana\i0{} Hbner). 126, 
\i{}Notocelia roborana\i0{}. 130, Celypha rufana 
(\i{}rosetana\i0{} Hbner). 135, \i{}Zeiraphera 
griseana\i0{} (Hbner). Compiled from plates of 
Hbner VII, with names updated; see accompanying 
document for details.> 
hbvii291.jpg <@subject Celypha, Epinotia, Olethreutes, Thiodia: Hbner 
VII, 1796-1799> 
<@imagenotes x=78 y=931 
t=TORTRICIDAE-OLETHREUTINAE. 181, 
\i{}Olethreutes mygindiana\i0{} 
(\i{}mygindana\i0{}); 182, \i{}Olethreutes 
olivana\i0{} (\i{}micana\i0{}); 183, 
\i{}Epinotia tenerana\i0{}; 184, \i{}Celypha 
rivulana\i0{}; 185, \i{}Thiodia citrana\i0{} 
(Hbner); 186, \i{}Thiodia torridana\i0{} 
(\i{}hastana\i0{} Hbner). Compiled from plates 
of Hbner VII, with names updated; see 
accompanying document for details.> 
hbvii301.jpg <@subject Ancylis, Epiblema, Rhopobota: Hbner VII, 
1799-1800)> 
<@imagenotes x=42 y=889 
t=TORTRICIDAE-OLETHREUTINAE. 191, \i{}Epiblema 
incarnatana\i0{} (Hbner); 192, \i{}Ancylis 
mitterbacheriana\i0{}; 193, \i{}Rhopobota 
stagnana\i0{}. From Plate 30 of Hbner VII, with 
names updated. See accompanying document for 
details.> 
hbvii311.jpg <@subject Argyroploce, Aterpia, Cnephasia, Cydia, 
Endothenia: 
Hbner VII (1811-1813)> 
<@imagenotes x=502 y=172 
t=TORTRICIDAE-OLETHREUTINAE: 195, probably 
\i{}Argyroploce arbutella\i0{} 
(\i{}arbutana\i0{} Hbner). 201, \i{}Cydia 
amplana\i0{} (Hbner). 213 and 214, 
\i{}Endothenia quadrimaculana\i0{} 
(\i{}antiguana\i0{} Hbner). 218, \i{}Eucosma 
adustana\i0{} (Hbner), cf. \i{}Aterpia 
corticana\i0{}? TORTRICIDAE-TORTRICINAE: 200, 
female \i{}Cnephasia longana\i0{} 
(\i{}lutosana\i0{} Hbner). Compiled from plates 
of Hbner VII, with names updated; see 
accompanying document for details.> 
hbvii331.jpg <@subject Cydia, Epinotia, Zeiraphera: Hbner VII, Plate 33
(1811-1813)> 
<@imagenotes x=39 y=923 
t=TORTRICIDAE-OLETHREUTINAE. 207, \i{}Cydia 
lathyrana\i0{} (Hbner). 208, \i{}Tortrix 
pustulana\i0{} = ?. 209, cf. \i{}Zeiraphera 
isertana\i0{} (\i{}corticana\i0{} Hbner); 210, 
cf. \i{}Epinotia nisella\i0{} (\i{}petrana\i0{} 
Hbner); 211, cf. \i{}Epinotia nisella\i0{} f. 
\i{}cineriana\i0{}? (\i{}cinerana\i0{}); 212, 
cf. \i{}Epinotia brunnichana\i0{} 
(\i{}sinuana\i0{}). From Hbner VII, Plate 33, 
with names updated; see accompanying document 
for details.> 
hbvii351.jpg <@subject Aethes, Blastesthia, Celypha, Eriopsela, 
Eucosmomorpha: Hbner VII, Plate 35 (1811-1813)> 
<@imagenotes x=59 y=911 
t=TORTRICIDAE-TORTICINAE-COCHYLINAE? 219, poorly 
represented \i{}Aethes margaritana\i0{}? 
TORTRICIDAE-OLETHREUTINAE. 220 and 221, cf. 
\i{}Blastesthia turionella\i0{} 
(\i{}turionana\i0{}); 222, cf. \i{}Celypha 
rufana\i0{} (GBIF \i{}Argyroploce rosetana\i0{} 
Hbner); 223, \i{}Eriopsela quadrana\i0{} 
(Hbner); 224, \i{}Eucosmomorpha albersana\i0{} 
(Hbner). From Hbner VII, Plate 35, with names 
updated; see accompanying document for details.> 
hbvii361.jpg <@subject Clepsis, Dichrorampha, Endothenia, Epinotia, 
Rhyacionia: Hbner VII (1811-1813)> 
<@imagenotes x=41 y=906 
t=TORTRICIDAE-OLETHREUTINAE. 229 and 230, 
\i{}Rhyacionia duplana\i0{} (Hbner); 231, 
\i{}Endothenia ustulana\i0{}. 239, \i{}Clepsis 
consimilana\i0{} (Hbner). 242, \i{}Epinotia 
crenana\i0{} (Hbner); 243, cf. \i{}Dichrorampha 
plumbana\i0{} (\i{}zachana\i0{} Hbner). 
Compiled from plates of Hbner VII, with names 
updated; see accompanying document for details.> 
hbvii391.jpg <@subject Apotomis, Bactra, Epiblema, Olethreutes, Pammene,
Rhyacionia, Zeiraphera: Hbner VII (1814-1817)> 
<@imagenotes x=458 y=766 
t=TORTRICIDAE-OLETHREUTINAE. 244 and 245, 
\i{}Olethreutes cespitana\i0{} (Hbner). 246, 
Pammene ephippana (Hubner), cf. 248, 
\i{}amoenana\i0{} Hbner, = \i{}Epiblema 
incarnatana\i0{} (Hbner). 250, \i{}Apotomis 
capreana\i0{} (Hbner). 269, \i{}Rhyacionia 
buoliana\i0{} (\i{}gemmana\i0{} Hbner); 270, 
\i{}Zeiraphera isertana\i0{} (\i{}corticana\i0{} 
Hbner). 272, \i{}dibeliana\i0{} Hbner, = 
\i{}Bactra lancealana\i0{} (Hbner). Compiled 
from plates of Hbner VII, with names updated; 
see accompanying document for details.> 
hbvii411.jpg <@subject Aterpia, Celypha, Cydia, Epinotia, Eucosma, 
Rhopobota: Hbner VII (1814-1817)> 
<@imagenotes x=48 y=923 
t=TORTRICIDAE-OLETHREUTINAE. . 256, \i{}Eucosma 
aspidiscana\i0{} (Hbner); 257, cf. \i{}Eucosma 
cana\i0{} (GBIF \i{}Eucosma monetulana\i0{} 
Hbner). 258, cf. \i{}Aphelia paleana\i0{} 
("\i{}flavana\i0{} Hbner" seems to refer to two 
species: see Figs. 133 and 157). 260, 
\i{}Celypha striana\i0{} (\i{}fasciolana\i0{} 
Hbner); 261, \i{}Rhopobota unipunctana\i0{} 
(\i{}naevana\i0{}). 265, GBIF \i{}Epinotia 
decorana\i0{} Hbner, cf. \i{}E. nisella\i0{}. 
280, GBIF \i{}Epinotia triquetrana\i0{} Hbner, 
= ? (like neither \i{}E. tetraquetrana\i0{} nor 
\i{}E. immundana\i0{}, and also unlike the 
\i{}triquetrana\i0{} of Fig. 336!); 281, 
\i{}Aterpia corticana\i0{} 
(\i{}charpentierana\i0{} Hbner); 282, \i{}Cydia 
corollana\i0{} (Hbner). Compiled from plates of 
Hbner VII, with names updated; see accompanying 
document for details.> 
hbvii471.jpg <@subject Epinotia sordidana, Pelochrista infidana: Hbner 
VII (1823-1824)> 
<@imagenotes x=61 y=911 
t=TORTRICIDAE-OLETHREUTINAE.292, \i{}Epinotia 
sordidana\i0{} (Hbner). 296-298, 
\i{}Pelochrista infidana\i0{} (Hbner). From 
Hbner VII, Plate 47, with names updated; see 
accompanying document for details.> 
hbvii481.jpg <@subject Apotomis sauciana, Hedya ochroleucana, Pammene 
aff. 
rhediella: Hbner VII (1830)> 
<@imagenotes x=60 y=880 
t=TORTRICIDAE-OLETHREUTINAE. 299 and 300, cf. 
\i{}Pammene rhediella\i0{}? 
(\i{}dimidiana\i0{}).304, \i{}Hedya 
ochroleucana\i0{} Frlich; 305, \i{}Apotomis 
sauciana\i0{} Frlich. Compiled from plates of 
Hbner VII, with names updated; see accompanying 
document for details.> 
hbvii491.jpg <@subject Endothenia oblogana and Selenodes karelicus: 
Hbner 
VII (1830)> 
<@imagenotes x=868 y=54 
t=TORTRICIDAE-OLETHREUTINAE. 307-309, 
\i{}Selenodes karelicus\i0{} (\i{}textana\i0{} 
Frlich). 331, \i{}Endothenia oblogana\i0{} 
(\i{}sellana\i0{} Frlich). Compiled from plates 
of Hbner VII, with names updated; see 
accompanying document for details.> 
hbvii501.jpg <@subject Epinotia spp., Phiaris schulziana, Rhyacionia cf.
duplana, Thiodia trochilana: Hbner VII (1830)> 
<@imagenotes x=26 y=18 
t=TORTRICIDAE-OLETHREUTINAE. 312, \i{}Rhyacionia 
spadiceana\i0{} (Hbner), cf. \i{}R. 
duplana\i0{} (Hbner, Figs. 229-230); 313 and 
314, \i{}Thiodia trochilana\i0{} (Frlich). 318, 
\i{}Epinotia cretaceana\i0{} (Frlich) = ? (cf. 
\i{}E. bilunana\i0{}). 337 and 338, \i{}Phiaris 
schulziana\i0{} (\i{}ahrensiana\i0{} Hbner); 
339, \i{}Epinotia divellana\i0{} Hbner, cf. 
\i{}E. caprana\i0{}. Compiled from plates of 
Hbner VII, with names updated; see accompanying 
document for details.> 
hbvii511.jpg <@subject assorted Cydia, Enarmonia, Epinotia, Olethreutes,
Pammene: Hbner VII, Plate 51 (1830)> 
<@imagenotes x=313 y=151 
t=TORTRICIDAE-OLETHREUTINAE. . 319 and 320, 
probably \i{}Enarmonia formosana\i0{}; 321, 
\i{}Olethreutes mygindiana\i0{} 
(\i{}flammeana\i0{} Frlich); 322, \i{}Epinotia 
mercuriana\i0{} (Frlich); 323 and 324, 
\i{}kollarana\i0{} Frlich, cf. \i{}Cydia 
strobilella\i0{}; 325, \i{}Pammene 
floricolana\i0{} Frlich (cf. \i{}P. 
trauniana\i0{}, Fig. 38); 326, \i{}Olethreutes 
venustana\i0{} (Hbner). From Hbner VII Plate 
51, with names updated; see accompanying 
document for details.> 
meyr570.gif <@subject Olethreutes lacunana: neuration> 
meyr529.gif <@subject neuration: Rhopobota unipunctata> 
eucneu01.gif <@subject neuration: Dochroramphia, Pammene> 
 
# \i{}Gelechiidae\i0{}/ 
stai9021.jpg <@subject Anacampsis scintillella, A. temerella, 
Mirificarma 
lentiginosella: Stainton 9, II (1865)> 
<@imagenotes x=572 y=7 
t=GELECHIIDAE. 1, \i{}Anacampsis 
scintillella\i0{}; larva (1a), and a sprig of 
\i{}Helianthemum vulgare\i0{} eaten by it (1b). 
2, \i{}Anacampsis temerella\i0{}; larva (2a), 
and a sprig of \i{}Salix\i0{} eaten by it (2b). 
3, \i{}Mirificarma lentiginosella\i0{}; larva 
(3a), and a sprig of \i{}Genista tinctoria\i0{} 
eaten by it (3b). Stainton 9, II (1865).> 
stai902l.gif <@subject Stainton 9, II (1865): original legend.> 
stai9011.jpg <@subject Gelechia hippophalla, Helcystogramma rufescens, 
Monopis ferruginella (or obviella? - 
mainland-European): Stainton 9, I (1865)> 
<@imagenotes x=623 y=11 
t=GELECHIIDAE. 1, \i{}Monopis ferruginella\i0{} 
or \i{}M. obviella\i0{}?; young (1a) and adult 
(1a*) larvae; leaves of \i{}Campanula 
persicifolia\i0{} mined by the young larva (1b, 
1b*); and leaves rolled up by the adult larva 
(1b**). 2, \i{}Helcystogramma rufescens\i0{}; 
larva (2a), and grass leaf blades rolled up and 
discoloured by it (2b). 3, \i{}Gelechia 
hippophalla\i0{}; larva (3a), and a shoot of 
\i{}Hippopha rhamnoides\i0{} eaten by it (3b). 
Stainton 9, I (1865).> 
stai901l.gif <@subject Stainton 9, I (1865): original legend.> 
stai9031.jpg <@subject Aroga flavicomella (mainland-European), 
Neofaculta 
ericetella, Mirificarma mulinella: Stainton 9, III 
(1865)> 
<@imagenotes x=508 y=215 
t=GELECHIIDAE. 1, \i{}Aroga flavicomella\i0{}; 
larva (1a), and leaves of sloe fastened together 
and eaten by it (1b). 2, \i{}Neofaculta 
ericetella\i0{}; larva (2a), and a sprig of 
\i{}Erica\i0{} with a larva protruding from a 
flower (2b). 3, \i{}Mirificarma mulinella\i0{}; 
larva (3a), and a sprig of broom with a flower 
attacked by it (3b). Stainton 9, III (1865).> 
stai903l.gif <@subject Stainton 9, III (1865): original legend.> 
stai9041.jpg <@subject Neofriseria peliella, Scrobipalpa acuminatella, 
Anthrips mouffetella: Stainton 9, IV (1865)> 
<@imagenotes x=461 y=9 
t=GELECHIIDAE. 1, \i{}Neofriseria peliella\i0{}; 
larva (1a), and a sprig of \i{}Rumex 
acetosella\i0{} eaten by it (1b). 2, 
\i{}Scrobipalpa acuminatella\i0{}; male imago, 
with detail of female forewing (2m); larva (2a), 
and a mined thistle leaf (2b). 3, \i{}Athrips 
mouffetella\i0{}; larva (3a), and a sprig of 
honeysuckle eaten by it (3b). Stainton 9, IV 
(1865).> 
stai904l.gif <@subject Stainton 9, IV (1865): original legend.> 
stai9051.jpg <@subject Bryotropha domestica, Bryotropha affinis, 
Teleiodes 
vulgella: Stainton 9, V (1865)> 
<@imagenotes x=468 y=324 
t=GELECHIIDAE. 1, \i{}Bryotropha domestica\i0{}; 
1, larva (1a), and moss being eaten by it (1b). 
2, \i{}Bryotropha affinis\i0{}; larva (2a), and 
a piece of moss showing frass thrown out by the 
larva (2b). 3, \i{}Teleiodes vulgella\i0{}; 
larva (3a), and hawthorn leaves fastened 
together and eaten by it (3b). Stainton 9, V 
(1865).> 
stai905l.gif <@subject Stainton 9, V (1865): original legend.> 
stai9061.jpg <@subject Altenia scriptella, Pseudotelphusa paripunctella 
(as triparella), Recurvaria leucatella: Stainton 9, 
VI (1865)> 
<@imagenotes x=587 y=7 
t=GELECHIIDAE. 1, \i{}Altenia scriptella\i0{}; 
larva (1a), and a folded maple leaf (1b). 2, 
\i{}Pseudotelphusa\i0{} (\i{}Teleiodes\i0{}) 
\i{}paripunctella\i0{}; larva (2a), and oak 
leaves spun together and eaten by it (2b). 3, 
\i{}Recurvaria leucatella\i0{}; larva (3a), and 
a sprig of hawthorn eaten by it (3b). Stainton 
9, VI (1865).> 
stai906l.gif <@subject Stainton 9, VI (1865): original legend.> 
stai9071.jpg <@subject Scrobipalpa artemisiella, Xenolechia aethiops, 
(mainland-European) Mirificarma maculatella: 
Stainton 9, VII (1865)> 
<@imagenotes x=598 y=9 
t=GELECHIIDAE. 1, \i{}Scrobipalpa 
artemisiella\i0{}; larva (1a), and a sprig of 
\i{}Thymus serpyllum\i0{} eaten by it (1b). 2, 
\i{}Xenolechia aethiops\i0{}; larva (2a), and a 
sprig of "heath" eaten by it (2b). 3, 
\i{}Mirificarma maculatella\i0{}; larva (3a), 
and a leaf of \i{}Coronilla varia\i0{} eaten by 
it (3b). Stainton 9, VII (1865)> 
stai907l.gif <@subject Stainton 9, VII (1865): original legend.> 
stai9081.jpg <@subject Athrips tetrapunctella (as nigricostella), 
Chrysoesthia sexguttella (as naeviferella), 
Chrysoesthia drurella (as hernannella): Stainton 9, 
VIII (1865)> 
<@imagenotes x=609 y=13 
t=GELECHIIDAE. 1, \i{}Athrips\i0{} 
(\i{}Rhynchopacha\i0{}) \i{}tetrapunctella\i0{}; 
larva (1a), and sprigs of \i{}Medicago 
sativa\i0{} eaten by it (1b and 1b*). 2, 
\i{}Chrysoesthia sexguttella\i0{}; larva (2a), 
and a mined \i{}Atriplex\i0{} leaf (2b). 3, 
\i{}Chrysoesthia drurella\i0{}; young larva 
(3a), adult larva (3a*), and mined leaves of 
\i{}Chenopodium\i0{} (3b, 3b*). Stainton 9, VIII 
(1865).> 
stai908l.gif <@subject Stainton 9, VIII (1865): original legend.> 
sta10091.jpg <@subject Caryocolum vicinella (as leucomelanella), C. 
cauliginella (mainland-European), Scrobipalpa 
costella: Stainton 10, IX (1867)> 
<@imagenotes x=591 y=7 
t=GELECHIIDAE. 1, \i{}Caryocolum vicinella\i0{}; 
larva (1a), and sprig of \i{}Silene 
uniflora\i0{} eaten by it (1b). 2, 
\i{}Caryocolum cauliginella\i0{}; larva (2a), 
and a swollen stem of \i{}Silene nutans\i0{} 
(2b); swollen stem sectioned, showing the larva 
within (2b*). 3, \i{}Scrobipalpa costella\i0{}; 
larva (3a), with mined and discoloured leaves of 
\i{}Solanum dulcamara\i0{} (3b, 3b*). Stainton 
10, IX (1867).> 
sta1009l.gif <@subject Stainton Stainton 10, IX (1867): original 
legend.> 
sta10101.jpg <@subject Caryocolum marmorea (as maculea), C. 
tricolorella, 
C. viscariella: Stainton 10, X (1867)> 
<@imagenotes x=576 y=2 
t=GELECHIIDAE. 1, \i{}Caryocolum marmorea\i0{}; 
larva (1a), and a sprig of \i{}Stellaria 
holostea\i0{} exhibiting a capsule attacked by 
it (1b). 2, \i{}Caryocolum tricolorella\i0{}; 
larva (2a), and a sprig of \i{}Stellaria 
holostea\i0{} with a young shoot attacked by it 
(2b). 3, \i{}Caryocolum viscariella\i0{}; larva 
(3a), a shoot of \i{}Silene dioica\i0{} attacked 
by it (3b*), and a section of the shoot (3b). 
Stainton 10, X (1867).> 
sta1010l.gif <@subject Stainton 10, X (1867): original legend.> 
sta10111.jpg <@subject Caryocolum fraternella, C. fischerella,, C. 
marmorea: Stainton 10, XI (1867)> 
<@imagenotes x=616 y=5 
t=GELECHIIDAE. 1, \i{}Caryocolum 
fraternella\i0{}; larva (1a), and a sprig of 
\i{}Stellaria uliginosa\i0{} with the terminal 
shoot spun together (1b). 2, \i{}Caryocolum 
fischerella\i0{}; larva (2a), with a shoot of 
\i{}Saponaria officinalis\i0{} with leaves spun 
together (2b). 3, \i{}Caryocolum marmorea\i0{}; 
larva (3a), and a sprig of \i{}Cerastium 
vulgatum\i0{} with sand-tubes formed by it (3b). 
Stainton 10, XI (1867)> 
sta1011l.gif <@subject Stainton 10, XI (1867): original legend.> 
sta10121.jpg <@subject Caryocolum proxima (as maculiferella), Monochroa 
servella (as farinosae), Teleiodes sequax: Stainton 
10, XII (1867)> 
<@imagenotes x=588 y=8 
t=GELCHIIDAE. 1, \i{}Caryocolum proxima\i0{}; 
larva (1a), and a sprig of \i{}Cerastium 
semidecandrum\i0{} with a shoot spun together 
(1b). 2, \i{}Monochroa servella\i0{}; larva 
(2a), with a discoloured leaf of \i{}Primula 
farinosa\i0{} (2b). 3, \i{}Teleiodes 
sequax\i0{}; larva (3a), and a shoot of 
\i{}Helianthemum vulgare\i0{} spun together by 
it (3b). Stainton 10, XII (1867).> 
sta1012l.gif <@subject Stainton 10, XII (1867): original legend.> 
sta10131.jpg <@subject Syncopacma taeniolella, S. coronillella 
(mainland-European), S. albipalpella: Stainton 10, 
XIII (1867)> 
<@imagenotes x=581 y=8 
t=GELECHIIDAE. 1, imago of \i{}Syncopacma 
taeniolella\i0{}, upper (m) and undersides (m*); 
larva (1a), and a sprig of \i{}Trifolium 
micranthum\i0{} with leaves united by it (1b). 
2, \i{}Syncopacma coronillella\i0{}; larva (2a), 
and a sprig of \i{}Coronilla varia\i0{} with 
leaves united by it (2b). 3, \i{}Syncopacma 
albipalpella\i0{}; larva (3a), and a sprig of 
\i{}Genista anglica\i0{} with leaves spun 
together and discoloured by it (3b). Stainton 
10, XIII (1867).> 
sta1013l.gif <@subject Stainton 10, XIII (1867): original legend.> 
sta10141.jpg <@subject Aproaerema anthyllidella, Monochroa 
arundinetella, 
Epithectis lathyri: Stainton 10, XIV (1867)> 
<@imagenotes x=589 y=11 
t=GELECHIIDAE. 1, \i{}Aproaerema 
anthyllidella\i0{}; larva (1a), and leaves of 
\i{}Anthyllis vulneraria\i0{} eaten and 
discoloured by it (1b). 2, \i{}Monochroa 
arundinetella\i0{}; larva (2a), and mined leaves 
of \i{}Carex riparia\i0{} (2b, 2b*). 3, 
\i{}Epithectis lathri\i0{} Stainton (cf. 
Meyrick, omitted from European and British Check 
Lists); larva (3a), and a sprig of \i{}Lathyrus 
palustris\i0{} with a larval web (3b). Stainton 
10, XIV (1867).> 
sta1014l.gif <@subject Stainton 10, XIV (1867): original legend.> 
sta10151.jpg <@subject Apodia bifractella, Ptocheuusa inopella), 
Aristotelia brizella: Stainton 10, XV (1867)> 
<@imagenotes x=604 y=1 
t=GELECHIIDAE. 1, \i{}Apodia bifractella\i0{}; 
larva (1a), a sprig of \i{}Inula conyza\i0{} 
(1b), and seeds fastened together and bored by 
the larva (1b*). 2, \i{}Ptocheuusa 
inopella\i0{}; larva (2a), and a flower of 
\i{}Pulicaria dysenterica\i0{} with some florets 
disturbd by it (2b). 3, \i{}Aristotelia 
brizella\i0{}; larva (3a), and a flower head of 
\i{}Armeria maritima\i0{} attacked by it (3b). 
Stainton 10, XV (1867).> 
sta1015l.gif <@subject Stainton 10, XV (1867): original legend.> 
sta10161.jpg <@subject Eulamprotes wilkella (as pictella), Aristotelia 
ericinella, Thiotricha subocellea: Stainton 10, XVI 
(1867)> 
<@imagenotes x=575 y=6 
t=GELECHIIDAE. 1, \i{}Eulamprotes wilkella\i0{}; 
larva (1a), and a sprig of \i{}Cerastium 
holosteoides\i0{} eaten by it (1b). 2, 
\i{}Aristotelia ericinella\i0{}; larva (2a), and 
a sprig of \i{}Calluna\i0{} bearing a web formed 
by it (2b). 3, \i{}Thiotricha subocellea\i0{}; 
larva (3a), a sprig of \i{}Origanum vulgare\i0{} 
bearing larva cases (3b), and a larva case 
(3b*). Stainton 10, XVI (1867).> 
sta1016l.gif <@subject Stainton 10, XVI (1867): original legend.> 
sta11061.jpg <@subject Carpotolechia decorella (as Laverna), with Mompha
and Sorhagenia: Stainton 11, VI (1870)> 
<@imagenotes x=528 y=265 
t=GELECHIIDAE. 1, \i{}Carpotolechia 
decorella\i0{}. Larva (1a), and stems of 
\i{}Epilobium\i0{} with gall-like swellings 
caused by the larvae ( 1b, 1b*). MOMPHIDAE. 2, 
\i{}Mompha substrigella\i0{}. Larva (2a) and a 
seed pod of \i{}Epilobium\i0{} eaten by it (2b). 
COSMOPTERIGIDAE. 3, \i{}Sorhagenia 
rhamniella\i0{}. Larva (3a), and a shoot of 
buckthorn drooping from its attentions (3b). 
Stainton 11, VI (1870).> 
sta1106l.gif <@subject Stainton 11, VI (1870): original legend.> 
sta13080.jpg <@subject Dichomeris derasella and Dichomeris limosellus 
(as 
Ypsolophus, with Y. ustella): Stainton 13, II 
(1873).> 
<@imagenotes x=511 y=395 
t=YPONOMEUTIDAE. 1, \i{}Ypsolopha ustella\i0{}. 
Larva (1a), and two leaves of hornbeam fastened 
together by it (1b). GELECHIIDAE. 2, 
\i{}Dichomeris derasella\i0{}. Larva (2a), and a 
sprig of sloe with leaves rolled up by it (2b). 
3, \i{}Dichomeris limosellus\i0{}. Larva (3a), 
and clover leaves united by it (3b). Stainton 
13, II (1873).> 
sta1308l.gif <@subject Stainton 13, II (1873): original legend.> 
stongele.jpg <@subject Hypatima, Pseudotelphusa, Recurvaria, Teleiodes: 
Stainton (1859)> 
<@imagenotes x=879 y=899 
t=GELECHIOIDEA. Elachistidae: 1, Elachista 
gangabella; 2, Elachista maculicerusella; 3, 
Elachista gleichenella. \i{}Gelechiidae\i0{}: 
\i{}4, Teleiodes luculella\i0{}; \i{}5, 
Pseudotelphusa scalella\i0{}; \i{}6, Hypatima 
rhomboidella\i0{}; 7, \i{}Recurvaria 
leucatella\i0{}. From Stainton (1859, with 
approximate wingspans added).> 
bent6711.jpg <@subject Monochroa cytisella (Curtis), Broom Tinea: B. 
Ent. 
671> 
text6711.gif <@subject Monochroa cytisella (Curtis): B. Ent. 671, 
legend+text> 
text6712.gif <@subject Monochroa cytisella (Curtis): B. Ent. 671, text 
cont.> 
bent189.jpg <@subject Prolita sexpunctella (Long-horned Flat-back, 
Groundling: B. Ent. 189)> 
bent1891.jpg <@subject Prolita sexpunctella (detail: B. Ent. 189)> 
text189.gif <@subject Prolita sexpunctella (legend+text: B. Ent. 189)> 
text1891.gif <@subject Prolita sexpunctella (text, cont.: B. Ent. 189)> 
bent368.jpg <@subject Hypatima rhomboidella (Lobster-clawed Moth: B. 
Ent. 
368)> 
text3681.gif <@subject Hypatima rhomboidella: B. Ent. 368, legend+text> 
text3682.gif <@subject Hypatima rhomboidella: B. Ent. 368, text cont.> 
gelecst1.jpg <@subject 8 genera (from Stainton)> 
<@imagenotes x=178 y=8 
t=4c, \i{}Psoricoptera gibbosella\i0{}, head. 
5a-5c, fore- and hindwings, and head, of 
\i{}Helcystogramma rufescens\i0{}. 5'a-5'c, 
fore- and hindwings, and head, of \i{}Anacampsis 
populella\i0{}. 5''c, head of \i{}Syncopacma 
taeniolella\i0{}. 5'''c, head of 
\i{}Chrysoesthia sexguttella\i0{}. 
5''''a-5''''c, fore- and hindwings, and head, of 
\i{}Chrysoesthia sexguttella\i0{}. 6a and 6b, 
fore- and hindwings of \i{}Metzneria 
aestivella\i0{}. 6c, head of \i{}Metzneria 
lappella\i0{}. 7a-7c, fore- and hindwings, and 
head, of \i{}Monochroa cytisella\i0{}. 8c, head 
of \i{}Hypatima rhomboidella\i0{}. 9a-e, 
\i{}Anarsia spartiella\i0{}: fore- and hindwings 
(9a and 9b); head of female (9c); and palp of 
male (9e). 10, fore- and hindwings, and head, of 
\i{}Dichomeris marginella\i0{}. 12a-12c, fore- 
and hindwings, and head, of \i{}Nothris 
verbascella\i0{}. From Stainton (1854, Plate 
IV).> 
staint10.jpg <@subject Larvae of 'Tineina' (Stainton)> 
<@imagenotes x=892 y=5 
t=1, OECOPHORIDAE: Diurnea fagella larva, and 
(1a) shown between united birch leaves. 2, 
PSYCHIDIDAE: Taleporia(?) larva, showing cases 
attached to lichen (2a), and a single case 
enlarged. 3, YPONOMEUTIDAE: Ochsenheimeria 
taurella, and (3a) a section of grass stem 
showing the larva in situ. 4, TINEIDAE: Tineola 
bisselliella, with a gallery formed in feathers 
(4a); 4b, a case of Tinea pellionella on a 
feather. 5, INCURVARIIDAE: Incurvaria 
praelatella, with a partially devoured wild 
strawberry leaf (5a), and a case from the 
underside. 6, Incurvaria pectinea, and (6a) the 
larva in its case feeding on a fallen oak leaf. 
7, Lampronia capitella, with (7a) a currant 
shoot withering from the effects of the larva 
feeding in the stem. 8, YPONOMEUTIDAE: 
Swammerdamia pyrella, with (8a) the larva in its 
web between united cherry leaves. 9, 
Yponomeutidae-Plutellinae: Plutella porrectella, 
and (9a) feeding on a Hesperis leaf. 10, 
GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: Orthotelia sparganella, with 
(10a) an eaten stem of Sparganium. 11. 
OECOPHORIDAE: Depressaria sp., with (11a) a leaf 
of Centaurea nigra distorted by its attentions. 
\i{}12, GELECHIIDAE\i0{}: \i{}Anacampsis 
temerella\i0{}, with (12a) a sallow leaf 
tenanted by it. \i{}13, Metzneria 
aestivella\i0{}, with (13a) a sectioned fruiting 
head of \i{}Carlina\i0{} showing the feeding 
larva in situ. 14, OECOPHORIDAE: Crassa 
unitella, and (14a) a piece of decayed wood 
burrowed by the larvae. 15, GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: 
Glyphipteryx equitella, with (15a) shoots of 
Sedum acre showing the middle one bleached by 
excavations of the larva. 16, YPONOMEUTIDAE: 
Argyresthia bonnetella, with (16a) hawthorn 
shoots eaten by the larva. 17, GRACILLARIIDAE: 
Caloptilia alchimiella, with (17a) an oak lead 
exhibiting a cone formed by the larva. 18, 
OECOPHORIDAE: Agonopterix angelicella, with 
(18a) its cone on a hawthorn leaf. 19, 
COLEOPHORIDAE: Coleophora follicularis, with 
(19a) a mined leaf of Eupatorium, and (19b) the 
case enlarged. 20, LYONETIIDAE: Bedellia 
somnulentella, with (20a) a mined Convolvulus 
arvensis leaf. 21, EPERMENIIDAE: Epermenia 
chaerophyllellus, with (21a) a portion of 
Anthriscus sylvestris leaf eaten half through by 
it. 22, MOMPHIDAE: Chrysoclista linneella, with 
(22a) a piece of inner bark of lime burrowed by 
it. 23, ELACHISTIDAE: Elachista maculicerusella. 
with (23a) a mined Phragmites leaf blade. 24, 
TISCHERIIDAE: Emmetia marginea, and (24a) a 
mined bramble leaf. 25, GRACILLARIIDAE: 
Phyllonorycter quinnata, with (25a) a mined 
Carpinus leaf. 26, LYONETIIDAE: Leucoptera 
laburnella, with (26a) a mined Laburnum leaf. 
27, Bucculatrix bechsteinella (Bucculatricidae), 
and a hawthorn leaf eaten half through. 28, 
NEPTICULIDAE: Nepticula sp., with (28a) a mined 
Potentilla leaf. From Stainton (1854, Plate X).> 
gelneu.gif <@subject 6 genera: neuration> 
 
# \i{}Geometridae\i0{}/ 
kirby045.jpg <@subject Sterrhinae and Ennominae: Kirby> 
<@imagenotes x=593 y=354 
t=STERRHINAE. 1, Scopula marginepunctata 
(Mullein Wave); 2, Scopula nigropunctata 
(Sub-angled Wave); 3, Scopula ornata (Lace 
Border); 4, Scopula decorata; 5, Problepsis 
ocellata; 6, Cyclophora pendularia (Birch 
Mocha); 7, Cyclophora annularia (Mocha); 8, 
Cyclophora porata (False Mocha); 9, Cyclophora 
punctaria (Maiden's Blush); 10, Cyclophora 
linearia (Clay Triple-lines); 11, Timandra comae 
(Blood-vein); 12, Rhodostrophia vibicaria; 13, 
Rhodostrophia calabraria; 14, Arichanna 
melanaria; 15, Abraxas grossulariata (Magpie 
Moth); 16, Abraxas pantaria (Panther); 17, 
Abraxas sylvata (Scarce or Clouded Magpie); 18, 
Ligdia adustata (Scorched Carpet); 19, 
Lomaspilis marginata (Clouded Border); 20, 
Lomographa bimaculata (White-pinion Spotted); 
21, Lomographa temerata (Clouded Silver); 22, 
Cabera pusaria (Common White Wave); 23, Cabera 
exanthemata (Common Wave); 24, Plagodis 
pulveraria (Barred Umber); 25, Pungeleria 
capreolaria; 26, Hylaea fasciaria (Barred Red); 
27, Campaea margaritata (Light Emerald). From 
Kirby 45, with updated names.> 
<@text x=320 y=277 w=262 h=85 m 
t=See the separate GENERA OF GEOMETRIDAE data set for 
comprehensive illustrations of this family.> 
kirby050.jpg <@subject Larentiinae (Carpets): Kirby> 
<@imagenotes x=18 y=31 
t=LARENTIINAE. \i{}1. Anticlea badiata (Shoulder 
Stripe)\i0{}; 2, Eustroma reticulatum (Netted 
Carpet); 3, Eulithis prunata (Phoenix); 4, 
Eulithis populata (Northern Spinach); 5, Cidaria 
fulvata (Barred Yellow); 6, Cosmorhoe ocellata 
(Purple Bar); 7, Plemyria rubiginata 
(Blue-bordered Carpet); 8, Thera britannica 
(Spruce Carpet); 9, Thera juniperata (Juniper 
Carpet); 10 and 11, Chloroclysta siterata 
(Red-green and Autumn-green Carpets); 12, 
Chloroclysta truncata (Common Marbled Carpet); 
13, Colostygia olivata (Beech Green Carpet); 14, 
Colostygia pectinataria (Green Carpet); 15, cf. 
Colostygia turbata; 16, Xanthorhoe fluctuata 
(Garden Carpet); 17, Xanthorhoe montanata 
(Silver-ground Carpet); 18, Xanthorhoe 
quadrifasiata (Large Twin-spot Carpet); 19, 
Xanthorhoe ferrugata (Dark-barred Twin-spot 
Carpet); 20, Lampropteryx suffumata (Water 
Carpet); 21, Xanthorhoe biriviata (Balsam 
Carpet); 22, Xanthorhoe designata (Flame 
Carpet); 23, Orthonama vittata (Oblique Carpet); 
24, Epirrita dilutata (November Moth); 25, 
Entephria caesiata (Grey Mountain Carpet); 26, 
Coenotephria tophaceata; 27, Catarhoe cuculata 
(Royal Mantle); 28, Epirrhoe galiata (Galium 
Carpet); 29, Epirrhoe alternata alternata 
(Common Carpet); 30, Euphya unangulata 
(Sharp-angled Carpet); 31, Melanthia procellata 
(Pretty Chalk Carpet). From Kirby 50, with 
updated names.> 
kirby051.jpg <@subject Larentiinae (Carpets, Pugs, etc.): Kirby 51> 
<@imagenotes x=913 y=6 
t=LARENTIINAE. 1, Mesoleuca albicillata 
(Beautiful Carpet); 2 and 5, Spargania luctuata 
(White-banded Carpet); 3, Rheumaptera hastata 
(Argent and Sable); 4, Epirrhoe tristata (Small 
Argent and Sable); 5, Spargania luctuata 
(White-banded Carpet); 6, Epirrhoe molluginata; 
7, Perizoma alchemillata (Small Rivulet); 8, 
Perizoma blandiata (Pretty Pinion); 9, Perizoma 
albulata (Grass Rivulet); 10, Asthena albulata 
(Small White Wave); 11, Hydrelia sylvata (Waved 
Carpet); 12, Hydrelia flammeolaria (Small Yellow 
Wave); 13, Camptogramma bilineata (Yellow 
Shell); 14, Hydriomena furcata; 15, Hydriomena 
impluviata (May High-flier); 16, "Larentia 
capitata", cf. Ecliptopera capitata; 17, 
Electrophaes corylata (Broken-barred Carpet); 
18, Pareulype berberata (Barberry Carpet); 
\i{}19, Anticlea derivata (The Streamer)\i0{}; 
20, Catarhoe rubidata (The Flame); 21, Perizoma 
sagittata (Marsh Carpet); 22, Pelurga comitata 
(Dark Spinach); 23, Horisme vitalbata (Small 
Waved Umber); 24, Anticollix sparsata (Dentated 
Pug); 25, Eupithecia centaureata (Lime-speck 
Pug); 26, Eupithecia venosata (Netted Pug); 27, 
Eupithecia linariata (Toadflax Pug); 28, 
Eupithecia abietaria(?); 29, Pasiphila 
rectangulata (Green Pug); 30, Eupithecia nanata 
(Narrow-winged Pug); 31, Eupithecia innonata 
(Angle-barred Pug); 32, Eupithecia satyrata 
(Beech Pug); 33, Eupithecia lanceata. From Kirby 
51, with updated names.> 
crocal01.jpg <@subject \i{}Crocallis elinguaria\i0{} (Scalloped Oak): 
photo, Giles Watson> 
<@imagenotes x=888 y=927 
t=\i{}Crocallis elinguaria\i0{} (Scalloped Oak, 
male). Godstow Priory, Wolvercote, Oxford, July 
2008. Giles Watson.> 
kirby046.jpg <@subject Ennominae (Thorns, etc.): Kirby> 
<@imagenotes x=551 y=14 
t=ENNOMINAE. 1, Ennomos quercinaria (August 
Thorn); 2, Ennomos autumnaria (Large Thorn); 3, 
Ennomos alniaria (Canary-shouldered Thorn); 4, 
Ennomos erosaria (September Thorn); 5, Selenia 
dentaria (Early Thorn); 6, Selenia lunularia 
(Lunar Thorn); 7, Selenia tetralunaria (Purple 
Thorn); 8, Apeira syringaria (Lilac Beauty); 9, 
Artiora evonymaria; 10, Odontopera bidentata 
(Scalloped Hazel); 11, Colotois pennaria 
(Feathered Thorn); 12, Crocallis elinguaria 
(Scalloped Oak); 13, Plagodis dolabraria 
(Scorch-wing); 14, Angerona prunaria (Orange 
Moth); 15, Ourapteryx sambucaria (Swallow-tailed 
Moth); 16, Opisthograptis luteolata (Brimstone 
Moth). From Kirby 36, with updated names.> 
hump033.jpg <@subject Assorted Ennominae (Thorns, with larvae, from 
Humphreys> 
<@imagenotes x=860 y=117 
t=THORNS. 1 & 2, \i{}Colotois pennaria\i0{} 
(Feathered Thorn); 3 & 4, \i{}Crocallis 
elinguaria\i0{} (Scalloped Oak); 5 & 6, 
\i{}Odontopera bidentata\i0{} (Scalloped Hazel); 
7, \i{}Ennomos autumnaria\i0{} (Large Thorn); 8 & 
9, \i{}Ennomos alniaria\i0{} (Canary-shouldered 
Thorn); 10 & 11, \i{}Ennomos erosaria\i0{} 
(September Thorn); 12 & 13, \i{}Ennomos 
quercinaria\i0{} (August Thorn); 14, \i{}Selenia 
tetralunaria\i0{} (Purple Thorn). From Humphreys 
(1860, Plate XXXIII).> 
kirby048.jpg <@subject Ennominae: Kirby> 
<@imagenotes x=557 y=300 
t=ENNOMINAE. 1, Cleora cinctaria (Ringed 
Carpet); 2, Peribatodes rhomboidaria (Willow 
Beauty); 3, Peribatodes secundaria (Feathered 
Beauty); \i{}4, Deileptenia ribeata (Satin 
Carpet)\i0{}; 5, Alcis repandata (Mottled 
Beauty); 6, Boarmia roboraria (Great Oak 
Beauty); 7, Serraca punctinalis (Pale Oak 
Beauty); 8, Fagivorina arenaria (Speckled 
Beauty); 9, Cleorodes lichenaria (Brussels 
Lace); 10, Ectropis crepuscularia (Small 
Engrailed); 11, Ectropis (Paradarisa) consonaria 
(Square-spot); 12, Ectropis similaria (Brindled 
White-spot); 13, Aethalura punctulata (Grey 
Birch Moth); 14, Gnophos furvata; 15, Gnophos 
obscuratus (Dark Annulet); 16, cf. Charissa 
(Rhopalognophos) glaucinaria; 17, Gnophos 
(Charissa) obscuratus (Annulet); 18, Gnophos 
obfuscatus (Scotch Annulet); 19, Psodos 
quadrifaria; 20, Macaria fusca; 21, "Fidonia 
fasciolaria", = Isturgia?; 22, Istugia famula; 
23, Isturgia roraria; 24, "Fidonia 
plumistraria", = ?; 25, Ematurga atomaria 
(Common Heath); 26, Bupalus piniaria (Bordered 
White); 27, Selidosema brunnearia (Bordered 
Grey); 28, Itame vincularia; 29, Semiothisa 
(Macaria) wauaria (V-Moth); 30, Semiothisa 
(Itame) brunneata (Rannoch Looper); 31, Macaria 
artesiaria; 32, Petrophora chlorosata (Brown 
Silver Line); 33, Semiothisa (Macaria) clathrata 
(Latticed Heath). From Kirby 48, with updated 
names.> 
biston01.jpg <@subject Biston betularia (Peppered Moth, typical and 
melanic forms), cf. Biston strataria (photos)> 
<@imagenotes x=450 y=936 
t=Figs. 1-6, Peppered Moth (\i{}Biston 
betularia\i0{}; Figs. 7-8, Oak Beauty 
(\i{}Biston strataria\i0{}). \par{}\par{}Figs 1 
and 4-6 depict the Peppered Moth as represented 
in mixed deciduous woodland around Leek, N. 
Staffs, during the decade 1948-1958 before 
implementation of a "Clean air Act" in Britain. 
Localities "rural", but about 10 and 30 miles 
miles from the heavily industrial regions of 
Stoke-on-Trent and Manchester, respectively. 
Melanic individuals commonly came to light in 
the summer. They are exemplified by Fig. 6, 
seemingly representing the full melanic 
\i{}carbonaria\i0{} form, and Figs. 4 and 5 
perhaps representing the \i{}insularia\i0{} 
complex. Fig. 1 portrays the only normal 
(\i{}typica\i0{}) specimen encountered there in 
the decade, with Figs. 2 and 3 representing 
\i{}typica\i0{} specimens from Holme Fen and 
Cirencester (Glos.) respectively. 
\par{}\par{}The Peppered Moth affords a 
spectacular example of industrial melanism, and 
has been intensively studied in that context by 
population geneticists. For a brief summary of 
the phenomenon, and of the status of the 
Peppered Moth in that connection, select 
Melanism in British Moths in the Remaining 
taxa window; and for detailed discussion, see 
Majerus (1998, 2002). \par{}\par{}Imagines of 
the Oak Beauty (\i{}B. strataria\i0{}, Figs 7 
and 8) were to be found resting by day on the 
trunks of oak trees in Spring. Unlike \i{}B. 
betularia\i0{}, this species has never exhibited 
industrial melanism in Britain, although it does 
so in mainland Europe. \par{}\par{}Specimens: 1, 
Leek, Staffs., July 1955; 2, Holme Fen, August 
1956; 3, Cirencester, Glos., 1951 (S.G. Smith); 
4-6, Leek, Staffs., June 1954; 7-8, Leek, 
Staffs., April 1952. From Watsons collection.> 
ectcre01.jpg <@subject Ectropis crepuscularia (Small Engrailed: typical 
and melanic forms, photos)> 
<@imagenotes x=447 y=22 
t=\i{}Ectropis crepuscularia\i0{} (Small 
Engrailed). The melanic form of this common 
species of deciduous woodland exemplifies 
spectacular drift from relatively infrequent 
rural melanism in unpolluted habitats to 
industrial melanism. In the decade 1948-1958, 
melanic individuals (below) predominated in the 
Leek district, in ostensibly rural habitats 
located 10 and 30 miles from industrial 
Stoke-on-Trent and Manchester, respectively. The 
upper photo portrays one of only two specimens 
of the light (normal) form that were 
encountered there during that time. 
\par{}\par{}From Watson's collection.> 
apter01.jpg <@subject Apterous Larentiinae: Phigalia (Pale Brindled 
Beauty), Erannis (Mottled Umber, Scarce Umber, Spring 
Usher, Dotted Border: Newman)> 
agriop02.jpg <@subject Agriopis leucophaearia (Spring Usher), A. 
marginaria (Dotted Border), A. aurantiaria (Scarce 
Umber): polymorphism and melanism (photos)> 
<@imagenotes x=909 y=939 
t=Specimens of all three species were commonly 
found resting on tree trunks by day, in mixed 
deciduous woodland around Leek, N. Staffs, from 
1948-1958. Localities ostensibly "rural", but 
about 10 and 30 miles miles from the heavily 
industrial regions of Stoke-on-Trent and 
Manchester, respectively. \par{}\par{}Figs. 1-6, 
\i{}Agriopis leucophaearia\i0{} (Spring Usher): 
exemplifying male colour variants of this 
common, polymorphic species, of which the 
lighter forms were numerically predominant. 
Figs. 7-9, \i{}A. aurantiaria\i0{} (Scarce 
Umber): 2 typical males and (9) a female. By 
contrast with the other two representatives of 
this genus (and with \i{}Erannis 
defoliaria\i0{}, q.v.), the Scarce Umber is not 
noticeably polymorphic, and melanism is either 
absent or very rare. Figs. 10-16, \i{}A. 
marginaria\i0{} (Dotted Border): 3 light 
(normal) males, 3 melanics, and an apparently 
melanic female. Light and melanic forms were 
equally common, without obvious intermediates. 
Fig. 14 is a 1911 specimen from Ilfracombe 
(Devon, R.A. Nichols coll.), for comparison with 
Figs. 11 & 12. \par{}\par{}From Watsons 
collection.> 
geoneu02.gif <@subject neuration: Geometriinae, Archiearinae, 
Larentiinae> 
geoneu01.gif <@subject neuration: Ennominae, Archieariinae> 
lchgeo.gif <@subject neuration: Geometrinae, Larentiinae, Ennominae> 
bent515.jpg <@subject Ennominae: Abraxas sylvata (Scarce or Clouded 
Magpie: B. Ent. 515)> 
text515.gif <@subject Ennominae: Abraxas sylvata (legend+text: B. Ent. 
515)> 
text5151.gif <@subject Ennominae: Abraxas sylvata (text, cont.: B. Ent. 
515)> 
bent113.jpg <@subject Ennominae: Deileptenia ribeata (Satin Beauty: B. 
Ent. 113)> 
text1131.gif <@subject Ennominae: Deileptenia ribeata: B.Ent. 113, 
legend+text> 
bent088.jpg <@subject Ennominae: Cleora cinctaria (Original generic 
description. Ringed Carpet: B. Ent. 88)> 
text0881.gif <@subject Cleora cinctaria: B. Ent. 88, legend+text> 
<@imagenotes x=23 y=11 
t=This is the original description of 
\i{}Cleora\i0{} Curtis.> 
text0882.gif <@subject Cleora cinctaria: B. Ent. 88, text cont.> 
bent467.jpg <@subject Ennominae: Aspitates gilvaria (Straw Belle: B. 
Ent. 
467)> 
text4671.gif <@subject Aspitates gilvaria: B. Ent. 467, legend+text> 
text4672.gif <@subject Aspitates gilvaria: B. Ent. 467, text cont.> 
bent132.jpg <@subject Ennominae: Semiothisa (Macaria) liturata (Original
generic description. Tawny-barred Angle: B. Ent. 
132)> 
text1321.gif <@subject Semiothisa (Macaria) liturata: B. Ent. 132, 
legend+text> 
<@imagenotes x=26 y=15 
t=\i{}Macaria\i0{} Curtis, first described here, 
was submerged in \i{}Semiothisa\i0{} during the 
Twentieth Century, but has recently been 
re-instated (Bradley, 2000).> 
text1322.gif <@subject Semiothisa (Macaria) liturata: B. Ent. 132, text 
cont.> 
bent384.jpg <@subject Sterrhinae: Idaea degeneraria (Portland Ribbon 
Wave: 
B. Ent. 384)> 
text3841.gif <@subject Sterrhinae: Idaea degeneraria: B. Ent. 384, 
legend+text> 
text3842.gif <@subject Sterrhinae: Idaea degeneraria: B. Ent. 384, text 
cont.> 
bent523.jpg <@subject Sterrhinae: Idaea muricata (Purple-bordered Gold: 
B. 
Ent. 523)> 
text5231.gif <@subject Idaea muricata: B. Ent. 523. legend+text> 
text5232.gif <@subject Idaea muricata: B. Ent. 523. text cont.> 
bent121.jpg <@subject Archiearinae: Archiearis notha (Light 
Orange-underwing: B. Ent. 121)> 
text1211.gif <@subject Archiearis notha: B. Ent. 121, legend+text> 
text1212.gif <@subject Archiearis notha: B. Ent. 121, text cont.> 
bent300.jpg <@subject Geometrinae: Thetidia smaragdaria (Essex Emerald 
Moth: B. Ent. 300)> 
text3001.gif <@subject Geometrinae: Thetidia smaragdaria: B. Ent. 300, 
legend+text> 
text3002.gif <@subject Geometrinae: Thetidia smaragdaria: B. Ent. 300, 
text cont.> 
bent280.jpg <@subject Larentiinae: Paradarisa consonaria: Brindled 
Square-spot, Square-spot: B. Ent. 280)> 
text2801.gif <@subject Paradarisa consonaria: B. Ent. 280, legend+text> 
text2802.gif <@subject Paradarisa consonaria: B. Ent. 280, text, cont.> 
bent033.jpg <@subject Larentiinae: Dyscia fagaria (Grey Scalloped Bar: 
B. 
Ent. 33)> 
text0331.gif <@subject Dyscia fagaria: B. Ent. 33, legend+text> 
text0332.gif <@subject Dyscia fagaria: B. Ent. 33, text cont.> 
bent105.jpg <@subject Larentiinae: Gnophos obfuscatus (= Charissa 
Curtis. 
Scotch Annulet: B. Ent. 105)> 
text1051.gif <@subject Gnophos obfuscatus (~Charissa Curtis): B. Ent. 
105, 
legend+text> 
<@imagenotes x=22 y=13 
t=This contains the original description of 
\i{}Charissa\i0{} Curtis, long submerged in 
\i{}Gnophos\i0{} but recently resurrected. The 
specific name \i{}operaria\i0{} Curtis is now 
treated as a synonym of \i{}C. obfuscatus\i0{} 
Denis & Schiff.> 
text1052.gif <@subject Gnophos obfuscatus = Charissa Curtis: B. Ent. 
105, 
text cont.> 
bent064.jpg <@subject Larentiinae: Eupithecia linariata (Original 
generic 
description. Toaflax Pug: B. Ent. 64)> 
text0641.gif <@subject Eupithecia linariata: B. Ent. 64, legend+text> 
<@imagenotes x=18 y=13 
t=This carries the original circumscription of 
this well known genus.> 
text0642.gif <@subject Eupithecia linariata: B. Ent. 64, text cont.> 
bent324.jpg <@subject Larentiinae: Carsia sororiata (Manchester 
Treble-bar: B. Ent. 324)> 
text3241.gif <@subject Larentiinae: Carsia sororiata: B. Ent. 324, 
legend+text> 
text3242.gif <@subject Larentiinae: Carsia sororiata: B. Ent. 324, text 
cont.> 
bent081.jpg <@subject Larentiinae: Trichopteryx polycommata (Barred 
Tooth-striped: B. Ent. 81)> 
text0811.gif <@subject Trichopteryx polycommata: B. Ent. 81, legend> 
bent416.jpg <@subject Larentiinae: Discoloxia blomeri (Curtis): Blomer's
Rivulet; B. Ent. 416> 
text416.gif <@subject Discoloxia blomeri (B. Ent. 416, legend+text)> 
text4161.gif <@subject Discoloxia blomeri (B. Ent. 416, text cont.)> 
bent508.jpg <@subject Larentiinae: Ourapteryx sambucaria (Swallow-tailed
Moth: B. Ent. 508)> 
text5081.gif <@subject Ourapteryx sambucaria: B. Ent. 508, legend+text> 
text5082.gif <@subject Ourapteryx sambucaria: B. Ent. 508, text cont.> 
bent225.jpg <@subject Larentiinae: Semiothisa (Macaria, Itame) brunneata
(Rannoch Looper, B. Ent. 225)> 
text2251.gif <@subject Semiothisa (Macaria, Itame) brunneata: B. Ent. 
225, 
legend+text> 
text2252.gif <@subject Semiothisa (Macaria, Itame) brunneata: B. Ent. 
225, 
text cont.> 
bent519.jpg <@subject Larentiinae: Thera cognata (Chestnut-coloured 
Carpet: B. Ent. 519)> 
text5191.gif <@subject Thera cognata: B. Ent. 519, legend+text> 
text5192.gif <@subject Thera cognata: B. Ent. 519, text cont.> 
bent447.jpg <@subject Larentiinae: Aleucis distinctata (Grey Carpet, 
Sloe 
Carpet: B. Ent. 447)> 
text4471.gif <@subject Aleucis distinctata: B. Ent. 447, legend+text> 
text4472.gif <@subject Aleucis distinctata: B. Ent. 447, text cont.> 
bent296.jpg <@subject Larentiinae: Nebula salicata (ssp. latentaria 
Curtis: Striped Twin-spot Carpet; B. Ent. 296)> 
text296.gif <@subject Nebula salicata (ssp. latentaria Curtis: B. Ent. 
296, legend+text)> 
dpon057.jpg <@subject Larvae: Hypomecis punctinalis, Ourapteryx 
sambucaria, Plagodis dolabraria (Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=77 y=60 
t=Geometridae. 1 and 2, \i{}Ourapteryx 
sambucaria\i0{} (Swallow-tailed Moth), larva and 
pupa. 3 and 4, \i{}Hypomecis punctinalis\i0{} 
(Pale Oak Beauty). 6 and 7, (Scorched-wing). 
Duponchel and Gune, 1849> 
 
# \i{}Glyphipterygidae\i0{}/ 
sta11071.jpg <@subject Glyphipteryx haworthana, G. equitella and G. 
simpliciella (as fischeriella): Stainton 11, VII 
(1870)> 
<@imagenotes x=532 y=169 
t=GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE. 1, \i{}Glyphipteryx 
haworthana\i0{}; larva (1a), and a head of 
\i{}Eriophorum vaginatum\i0{} tenanted by the 
larva and attached to a stem of \i{}Erica\i0{} 
(1b). 2, \i{}Glyphipteryx equitella\i0{}; larva 
(2a), and a sprig of \i{}Sedum acre\i0{} with 
mined leaves (2b). 3, \i{}Glyphipteryx 
fischeriella\i0{}; larva (3a), and a head of 
\i{}Dactylis glomerata\i0{} tenanted by it (3b). 
Stainton 11, VII (1870).> 
sta1107l.gif <@subject Stainton 11, VII (1870): original legend.> 
ston364.jpg <@subject Glyphipterix haworthana: Stainton (1859)> 
<@imagenotes x=40 y=31 
t=\i{}Glyphipterix haworthana\i0{} (Cottongrass 
Moth, Haworth's Fanner). From Stainton (1859), 
with approximate wingspan and foodplant (from Le 
Maout and Decaisne) added.> 
step0392.jpg <@subject Glyphipteryx haworthana: Stephens IV, 1834> 
step0353.jpg <@subject Orthotelia sparganella: Stephens IV, 1834> 
staintin.jpg <@subject Stainton's representative 'Tineina' (1854)> 
<@imagenotes x=14 y=47 
t=Stainton's TINEINA (Glyphipterigidae 
italicised). 2, Ochsenheimeria birdella; 3, 
Tinea ganomella; 4, Eriocrania salopiella; 5, 
Nemophora metallica; 6, Swammerdamia pyrella; 7, 
Yponomeuta sedella; 8, Plutella xylostella; 9, 
Ypsolopha dentella; 10, Agonopterix 
alstroemeriana; 11, Pexicopia malvella; 12, 
Chrysoesthia drurella; 13, Ypsolopha 
parenthesella; 14, Schiffermuelleria grandis; 
15, Scythris grandipennis; \i{}16, Glyphipteryx 
equitella\i0{}; 17, Heliozela resplendella; 18, 
Argyresthia bonnetella; 19, Caloptilia 
alchimiella; 20, Coleophora lineola; 21, 
Bedellia somnulentella; 22, Cosmopteryx 
lienigiella; 23, Mompha propinquella; 24, 
Elachista gangabella; 25, Elachista 
maculicerusella; 26, Emmetia marginea; 27, 
Phyllonorycter acerifoliella; 28, Phyllonorycter 
stettinensis; 29, Leucoptera malifoliella; 30, 
Ectoedemia sericopeza. From Stainton (1854, 
Plate IX).> 
staint10.jpg <@subject Larvae of 'Tineina' (Stainton)> 
<@imagenotes x=892 y=5 
t=1, OECOPHORIDAE: Diurnea fagella larva, and 
(1a) shown between united birch leaves. 2, 
PSYCHIDIDAE: Taleporia(?) larva, showing cases 
attached to lichen (2a), and a single case 
enlarged. 3, YPONOMEUTIDAE: Ochsenheimeria 
taurella, and (3a) a section of grass stem 
showing the larva in situ. 4, TINEIDAE: Tineola 
bisselliella, with a gallery formed in feathers 
(4a); 4b, a case of Tinea pellionella on a 
feather. 5, INCURVARIIDAE: Incurvaria 
praelatella, with a partially devoured wild 
strawberry leaf (5a), and a case from the 
underside. 6, Incurvaria pectinea, and (6a) the 
larva in its case feeding on a fallen oak leaf. 
7, Lampronia capitella, with (7a) a currant 
shoot withering from the effects of the larva 
feeding in the stem. 8, YPONOMEUTIDAE: 
Swammerdamia pyrella, with (8a) the larva in its 
web between united cherry leaves. 9, 
Yponomeutidae-Plutellinae: Plutella porrectella, 
and (9a) feeding on a Hesperis leaf. \i{}10, 
GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE\i0{}: \i{}Orthotelia 
sparganella\i0{}, with (10a) an eaten stem of 
\i{}Sparganium\i0{}. 11. OECOPHORIDAE: 
Depressaria sp., with (11a) a leaf of Centaurea 
nigra distorted by its attentions. 12, 
GELECHIIDAE: Anacampsis temerella, with (12a) a 
sallow leaf tenanted by it. 13, Metzneria 
aestivella, with (13a) a sectioned fruiting head 
of Carlina showing the feeding larva in situ. 
14, OECOPHORIDAE: Crassa unitella, and (14a) a 
piece of decayed wood burrowed by the larvae. 
\i{}15, GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE\i0{}: \i{}Glyphipteryx 
equitella\i0{}, with (15a) shoots of Sedum acre 
showing the middle one bleached by excavations 
of the larva. 16, YPONOMEUTIDAE: Argyresthia 
bonnetella, with (16a) hawthorn shoots eaten by 
the larva. 17, GRACILLARIIDAE: Caloptilia 
alchimiella, with (17a) an oak lead exhibiting a 
cone formed by the larva. 18, OECOPHORIDAE: 
Agonopterix angelicella, with (18a) its cone on 
a hawthorn leaf. 19, COLEOPHORIDAE: Coleophora 
follicularis, with (19a) a mined leaf of 
Eupatorium, and (19b) the case enlarged. 20, 
LYONETIIDAE: Bedellia somnulentella, with (20a) 
a mined Convolvulus arvensis leaf. 21, 
EPERMENIIDAE: Epermenia chaerophyllellus, with 
(21a) a portion of Anthriscus sylvestris leaf 
eaten half through by it. 22, MOMPHIDAE: 
Chrysoclista linneella, with (22a) a piece of 
inner bark of lime burrowed by it. 23, 
ELACHISTIDAE: Elachista maculicerusella. with 
(23a) a mined Phragmites leaf blade. 24, 
TISCHERIIDAE: Emmetia marginea, and (24a) a 
mined bramble leaf. 25, GRACILLARIIDAE: 
Phyllonorycter quinnata, with (25a) a mined 
Carpinus leaf. 26, LYONETIIDAE: Leucoptera 
laburnella, with (26a) a mined Laburnum leaf. 
27, Bucculatrix bechsteinella (Bucculatricidae), 
and a hawthorn leaf eaten half through. 28, 
NEPTICULIDAE: Nepticula sp., with (28a) a mined 
Potentilla leaf. From Stainton (1854, Plate X).> 
meyr706.gif <@subject Anthophila fabriciana, neuration> 
 
# \i{}Gracillariidae\i0{}/ 
bent479.jpg <@subject Caloptilia (Gracillaria) syringella (Lilac 
Slender-moth: B. Ent. 479)> 
bent4792.jpg <@subject Caloptilia syringella (detail, dissections: B. 
Ent. 
479)> 
text479.gif <@subject Caloptilia (syringella (legend+text: B. Ent. 479)>
text4791.gif <@subject Caloptilia syringella (text, cont.: B. Ent. 479)>
stai8011.jpg <@subject Callisto denticulella (as Ornix guttea), Ornix 
petiolella (mainland-European), Deltornix 
torquillella: Stainton 8, I (1864)> 
<@imagenotes x=672 y=14 
t=GRACILLARIIDAE. 1, \i{}Callisto 
denticulella\i0{}: larva (1a), and apple leaf 
with its edge turned down (1b). 2, \i{}Ornix 
petiolella\i0{}: larva (2a); apple leaf with 
mine of young larva (2b); another apple leaf 
with a mine of a young larva, and with its lower 
parts drawn together by a web spun by the adult 
larva near the petiole (2b*). 3, \i{}Deltaornix 
torquillella\i0{}: larva (3a); sloe leaf with 
mine of a young larva (3b); and sloe leaves 
screwed up by adult larvae (3b*). Stainton 8, I 
(1864).> 
stai801l.gif <@subject Stainton 8, I (1864): original legend.> 
stai8021.jpg <@subject Caloptilia elongella, C. syringella, C. 
hemidactylella: Stainton 8, II (1864)> 
<@imagenotes x=633 y=7 
t=GRACILLARIIDAE. 1, \i{}Caloptilia 
elongella\i0{}: larvae (1a, 1a*), and a 
longitudinally rolled alder leaf (1b). 2, 
\i{}Caloptilia syringella\i0{}: larva (2a), a 
mined lilac leaf (2d), and a laterally rolled 
one (2b*). 3, \i{}Caloptilia 
hemidactylella\i0{}: larva (3a), and pieces of 
sycamore leaves rolled conically (3b and 3b*). 
Stainton 8, II (1864).> 
stai802l.gif <@subject Stainton 8, II (1864): original legend.> 
stai8001.jpg <@subject Parornix devoniella (as avellanella), P. 
anglicella, P. fagivora: Stainton 8, III (1864)> 
<@imagenotes x=513 y=18 
t=GRACILLARIIDAE. 1, \i{}Parornix 
devoniella\i0{}; larva (1a), and a hazel leaf 
with the mine of a young larva, its edge turned 
down by an adult larva and a corner near the 
petiole turned down by one that is about to 
pupate (1b). 2, \i{}Parornix anglicella\i0{}; 
larva (2a), and a hawthorn leaf with a mine of a 
young larva and two cones formed by adult larvae 
(2b). 3, \i{}Parornix fagivora\i0{}; larva (3a), 
and a piece of beech leaf with its edge turned 
down by the adult larva (3b). Stainton 8, III 
(1864).> 
stai800l.gif <@subject Stainton 8, III (1864): original legend.> 
stai8041.jpg <@subject Eucalybites auroguttella, Calybites 
phasianipenella, Leucospilapteryx omissella: 
Stainton 8, IV (1864)> 
<@imagenotes x=620 y=6 
t=GRACILLARIIDAE. 1, \i{}Eucalybites 
auroguttella\i0{}; larva (1a), and a sprig of 
\i{}Hypericum\i0{} with leaves mined and rolled 
into cones (1b). 2, \i{}Leucospilapteryx 
omissella\i0{}; adult larva (2a), and a sprig of 
\i{}Artemisia vulgaris\i0{} with mined leaves 
(2b). (According to Stainton's text, the red 
colour depicted here is assumed by the 
grey-green larva immediately prior to pupation.) 
3, \i{}Calybites phasianipennella\i0{}; larva 
(3a), and a sprig of \i{}Polygonum 
hydropiper\i0{} with a leaf cut and rolled up 
into two cones by the larva (3b). Stainton 8, IV 
(1864).> 
stai804l.gif <@subject Stainton 8, IV (1864): original legend.> 
stai8031.jpg <@subject Asilapteryx tringipennella, Asilapteryx limosella
(mainland-European), Micrurapterix kollariella 
(spurious British record): Stainton 8, III (1864)> 
<@imagenotes x=587 y=10 
t=GRACILLARIIDAE. 1, \i{}Aspilapteryx 
tringipennella\i0{}; larva (1a), and a mined 
leaf of \i{}Plantago lanceolata\i0{} (1b). 2, 
\i{}Aspilapteryx limosella\i0{}; larva (2a),and 
sprigs of \i{}Teucrium chamaedrys\i0{} with 
mined leaves (2b, 2b* and 2b**). 3, 
\i{}Micrurapteryx kollariella\i0{} (supposedly 
an erroneous British record); larva (3a), and a 
twig of broom with mined leaves (3b). Stainton 
8, III (1864).> 
stai803l.gif <@subject Stainton 8, III (1864): original legend.> 
stai8051.jpg <@subject Parectopa ononidis, Aristaea pavoniella 
(mainland-European), Dialectica imperialella: 
Stainton 8, V (1864)> 
<@imagenotes x=539 y=164 
t=GRACILLARIIDAE. 1, \i{}Parectopa 
ononidis\i0{}; larva (1a), and a mined clover 
leaf (1b). 2, \i{}Aristaea pavoniella\i0{}; 
larva (2a), and mined leaves of \i{}Aster 
bellidiastrum\i0{} (2b, 2b*). 3, \i{}Dialectica 
imperialella\i0{}; larva (3a), and mined leaves 
of \i{}Lathyrus niger\i0{} (3b, 3b*, 3b**). 
Stainton 8, V (1864).> 
stai805l.gif <@subject Stainton 8, V (1864): original legend.> 
sta80211.jpg <@subject Parornix scoticella, P. betulae, P. loganella: 
Stainton 8, IIa (1864)> 
<@imagenotes x=663 y=7 
t=GRACILLARIIDAE. 1, \i{}Parornix 
scoticella\i0{}; larva (1a), and some leaflets 
of \i{}Sorbus aucuparia\i0{} with turned-down 
edges (1b). 2, \i{}Parornix betulae\i0{}; larva 
(2a), and a birch leaf with a young larval mine 
and part of its edge turned down by an older 
larva (2b). 3, \i{}Parornix loganella\i0{}; 
larva (3a), and a birch leaf with part of its 
edge turned down (3b). Stainton 8, IIa (1864).> 
sta8021l.jpg <@subject Stainton 8, IIa (1864): original legend.> 
staintin.jpg <@subject Stainton's representative 'Tineina'> 
<@imagenotes x=14 y=47 
t=Stainton's TINEINA (Gracillariidae 
italicised). 2, Ochsenheimeria birdella; 3, 
Tinea ganomella; 4, Eriocrania salopiella; 5, 
Nemophora metallica; 6, Swammerdamia pyrella; 7, 
Yponomeuta sedella; 8, Plutella xylostella; 9, 
Ypsolopha dentella; 10, Agonopterix 
alstroemeriana; 11, Pexicopia malvella; 12, 
Chrysoesthia drurella; 13, Ypsolopha 
parenthesella; 14, Schiffermuelleria grandis; 
15, Scythris grandipennis; 16, Glyphipteryx 
equitella; 17, Heliozela resplendella; 18, 
Argyresthia bonnetella; \i{}19, Caloptilia 
alchimiella\i0{}; 20, Coleophora lineola; 21, 
Bedellia somnulentella; 22, Cosmopteryx 
lienigiella; 23, Mompha propinquella; 24, 
Elachista gangabella; 25, Elachista 
maculicerusella; 26, Emmetia marginea; \i{}27, 
Phyllonorycter acerifoliella\i0{}; \i{}28, 
Phyllonorycter stettinensis\i0{}; 29, Leucoptera 
malifoliella; 30, Ectoedemia sericopeza. From 
Stainton (1854, Plate IX).> 
p1007068.jpg <@subject Phyllonorycter salicolella (specimens): photo> 
<@imagenotes x=884 y=20 
t=\i{}Phyllonorycter salicolella\i0{}. Mines 
Bagnall, Staffs., 26/10/52; emerged 3/4/53. R.G. 
Warren.> 
p1007060.jpg <@subject P. schreberella (specimens): photo> 
<@imagenotes x=455 y=20 
t=\i{}Phyllonorycter schreberella\i0{}. 1935, 
Surbiton, Surrey, mines from G.H.Heath.> 
litho01.jpg <@subject The British species of Phyllonorycter> 
<@imagenotes x=11 y=16 
t=A1, \i{}Phyllonorycter roboris\i0{}; A2, \i{}P. 
harrisella\i0{}; A3, \i{}P. tenerella\i0{}; A4, 
\i{}A. heegeriella\i0{}; A5, \i{}P. 
messaniella\i0{}; A6, \i{}P. quercifoliella\i0{}; 
A7, \i{}P. "alnifoliella" Dup. \i0{}, = \i{}P. 
strigulatella\i0{}? B1, \i{}P. distentella\i0{}; 
B2, \i{}P. scopariella\i0{}; B3, \i{}P. 
ulicicolella\i0{}; B4, \i{}P. quinnata\i0{}; B5, 
\i{}P. coryli\i0{}; B6, \i{}P. maestingella\i0{}; 
B7, \i{}P. spinicolella\i0{}. C1, \i{}P. 
cerasicolella\i0{}; C2, \i{}P. sorbi\i0{}; C3, 
and C4, \i{}P. mespilella\i0{}; C5 and C6, \i{}P. 
blancardella\i0{}; C7, \i{}P. oxyacanthae\i0{}. 
D1, \i{}P. lantanella\i0{}; D2, \i{}P. 
quinqueguttella\i0{}; D3, \i{}P. junoniella\i0{}; 
D4, \i{}P. salicicolella\i0{}; D5, \i{}P. 
viminetorum\i0{}; D6, \i{}P. cavella\i0{}; D7, 
\i{}P. hilarella\i0{}. E1, \i{}P. 
ulmifoliella\i0{}; E2, \i{}P. anderidae\i0{}; E3, 
\i{}P. nigrescentella\i0{}; E4, \i{}P. 
insignitella\i0{}; E5, \i{}P. lautella\i0{}; E6, 
\i{}P. schreberella\i0{}; E7, \i{}P. 
trifasciella\i0{}. F1, \i{}P. 
emberizaepenella\i0{}; F2, \i{}P. 
scabiosella\i0{}; F3, \i{}P. tristrigella\i0{}; 
F4, \i{}P. stettinensis\i0{}; F5, \i{}P. 
froelichiella\i0{}; F6, \i{}P. nicellii\i0{}; F7, 
\i{}P. kleemannella\i0{}. G1, \i{}P. 
salictella\i0{} ssp. \i{}viminiella\i0{}; G2, 
\i{}P. corylifoliella\i0{}; G3, \i{}P. 
comparella\i0{}; G4, \i{}P. muelleriella\i0{}; 
G5, \i{}P. kuhlweiniella\i0{}; G6, \i{}P. 
acerifoliella\i0{}; G7, \i{}P. geniculella\i0{}. 
From Jacobs (1945).> 
stai206r.jpg <@subject P. acerifoliella (as sylvella), P. messaniella 
and 
P. ulmifoliella: Stainton (1855) Plate VI, under 
Lithocolletis> 
<@imagenotes x=18 y=11 
t=PYLLONORYCTER. 1, \i{}P. acerifoliella\i0{}: 
imago (1m), larva (1a), and mined \i{}Acer\i0{} 
leaf (1b). 2, \i{}P. messaniella\i0{}: imago 
(2m), larva (2a) and mined leaf of evergreen oak 
(2b). 3, \i{}P. ulmifoliella\i0{}: imago (3m), 
larva (3a) and mined birch leaf (3b).> 
ston415.jpg <@subject Phyllonorycter roboris and P. harrisella (Oak leaf
miners: Stainton 1859)> 
<@imagenotes x=22 y=30 
t=\i{}Phyllonorycter roboris\i0{} (left) and 
\i{}Phyllonorycter harrisella\i0{} 
(\i{}cramerella\i0{}). From Stainton (1859, the 
foliage from Le Maout and Decaisne).> 
ston376.jpg <@subject Caloptilia stigmatella: Stainton (1859)> 
ston378.jpg <@subject Leucospilapteryx omisella: Stainton (1859)> 
staint10.jpg <@subject Larvae of 'Tineina': Stainton (1854)> 
<@imagenotes x=892 y=5 
t=1, OECOPHORIDAE: Diurnea fagella larva, and 
(1a) shown between united birch leaves. 2, 
PSYCHIDIDAE: Taleporia(?) larva, showing cases 
attached to lichen (2a), and a single case 
enlarged. 3, YPONOMEUTIDAE: Ochsenheimeria 
taurella, and (3a) a section of grass stem 
showing the larva in situ. 4, TINEIDAE: Tineola 
bisselliella, with a gallery formed in feathers 
(4a); 4b, a case of Tinea pellionella on a 
feather. 5, INCURVARIIDAE: Incurvaria 
praelatella, with a partially devoured wild 
strawberry leaf (5a), and a case from the 
underside. 6, Incurvaria pectinea, and (6a) the 
larva in its case feeding on a fallen oak leaf. 
7, Lampronia capitella, with (7a) a currant 
shoot withering from the effects of the larva 
feeding in the stem. 8, YPONOMEUTIDAE: 
Swammerdamia pyrella, with (8a) the larva in its 
web between united cherry leaves. 9, 
Yponomeutidae-Plutellinae: Plutella porrectella, 
and (9a) feeding on a Hesperis leaf. 10, 
GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: Orthotelia sparganella, with 
(10a) an eaten stem of Sparganium. 11. 
OECOPHORIDAE: Depressaria sp., with (11a) a leaf 
of Centaurea nigra distorted by its attentions. 
12, GELECHIIDAE: Anacampsis temerella, with 
(12a) a sallow leaf tenanted by it. 13, 
Metzneria aestivella, with (13a) a sectioned 
fruiting head of Carlina showing the feeding 
larva in situ. 14, OECOPHORIDAE: Crassa 
unitella, and (14a) a piece of decayed wood 
burrowed by the larvae. 15, GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: 
Glyphipteryx equitella, with (15a) shoots of 
Sedum acre showing the middle one bleached by 
excavations of the larva. 16, YPONOMEUTIDAE: 
Argyresthia bonnetella, with (16a) hawthorn 
shoots eaten by the larva. \i{}17, 
GRACILLARIIDAE\i0{}: \i{}Caloptilia 
alchimiella\i0{}, with (17a) an oak lead 
exhibiting a cone formed by the larva. 18, 
OECOPHORIDAE: Agonopterix angelicella, with 
(18a) its cone on a hawthorn leaf. 19, 
COLEOPHORIDAE: Coleophora follicularis, with 
(19a) a mined leaf of Eupatorium, and (19b) the 
case enlarged. 20, LYONETIIDAE: Bedellia 
somnulentella, with (20a) a mined Convolvulus 
arvensis leaf. 21, EPERMENIIDAE: Epermenia 
chaerophyllellus, with (21a) a portion of 
Anthriscus sylvestris leaf eaten half through by 
it. 22, MOMPHIDAE: Chrysoclista linneella, with 
(22a) a piece of inner bark of lime burrowed by 
it. 23, ELACHISTIDAE: Elachista maculicerusella. 
with (23a) a mined Phragmites leaf blade. 24, 
TISCHERIIDAE: Emmetia marginea, and (24a) a 
mined bramble leaf. \i{}25, GRACILLARIIDAE\i0{}: 
\i{}Phyllonorycter quinnata\i0{}, with (25a) a 
mined Carpinus leaf. 26, LYONETIIDAE: Leucoptera 
laburnella, with (26a) a mined Laburnum leaf. 
27, Bucculatrix bechsteinella (Bucculatricidae), 
and a hawthorn leaf eaten half through. 28, 
NEPTICULIDAE: Nepticula sp., with (28a) a mined 
Potentilla leaf. From Stainton (1854, Plate X).> 
graneu.gif <@subject Phyllonorycter, Caloptilia: neuration> 
 
# \i{}Heliodinidae\i0{}/ 
heliodst.jpg <@subject Heliodines roesella> 
<@imagenotes x=26 y=49 
t=10a-10c, \i{}Heliodines roesella\i0{}: fore- 
and hind-wings, and head. From Stainton (1854, 
Plate VII).> 
 
# \i{}Heliozelidae\i0{}/ 
sta11081.jpg <@subject Heliozela resplendella, Antispila metallella (as 
pfeifferella), Antispila treitschkiella: Stainton 
11, VIII (1870)> 
<@imagenotes x=385 y=8 
t=HELIOZELIDAE. 1, \i{}Heliozela 
resplendella\i0{}. Larva (1a); young alder leaf, 
showing the early mine of a young larva (1b); 
developed alder leaf, showing the blotch mine of 
the adult larva, and another mine whence the 
oval case has been cut out (1b*). 2, 
\i{}Antispila metallella\i0{}. Larva (2a), and a 
mined dogwood leaf (2b). 3, \i{}Antispila 
treitschkiella\i0{}. Larva (3a); a dogwood leaf 
mined by 3 larvae (3b); and a larva case, with 
spiny projections (3c). Stainton 11, VIII 
(1870).> 
sta1108l.gif <@subject Stainton 11, VIII (1870): original legend.> 
stonincu.jpg <@subject Antispila metallella: Stainton (1859)> 
<@imagenotes x=414 y=62 
t=INCURVARIOIDEA. Incurvariidae: 1, Incurvaria 
praelatella; 2, Phylloporia bistrigella. 
\i{}Heliozelidae\i0{}: \i{}3, Antispila 
metallella\i0{}. Adelidae: 4, Nemophora 
degeerella. From Stainton (1859, with 
approximate wingspans added).> 
heliozst.jpg <@subject Heliozela: Stainton (1854)> 
<@imagenotes x=18 y=865 
t=4a-4c, \i{}Heliozela sericiella\i0{}: fore- 
and hind-wing, and head. 17, \i{}Heliozela 
resplendella\i0{}. From Stainton (1854, Plates 
VI and IX).> 
staintin.jpg <@subject Stainton's representative 'Tineina'> 
<@imagenotes x=14 y=47 
t=Stainton's TINEINA (Heliozelidae italicised). 
2, Ochsenheimeria birdella; 3, Tinea ganomella; 
4, Eriocrania salopiella; 5, Nemophora 
metallica; 6, Swammerdamia pyrella; 7, 
Yponomeuta sedella; 8, Plutella xylostella; 9, 
Ypsolopha dentella; 10, Agonopterix 
alstroemeriana; 11, Pexicopia malvella; 12, 
Chrysoesthia drurella; 13, Ypsolopha 
parenthesella; 14, Schiffermuelleria grandis; 
15, Scythris grandipennis; 16, Glyphipteryx 
equitella; \i{}17, Heliozela resplendella\i0{}; 
18, Argyresthia bonnetella; 19, Caloptilia 
alchimiella; 20, Coleophora lineola; 21, 
Bedellia somnulentella; 22, Cosmopteryx 
lienigiella; 23, Mompha propinquella; 24, 
Elachista gangabella; 25, Elachista 
maculicerusella; 26, Emmetia marginea; 27, 
Phyllonorycter acerifoliella; 28, Phyllonorycter 
stettinensis; 29, Leucoptera malifoliella; 30, 
Ectoedemia sericopeza. From Stainton (1854, 
Plate IX).> 
meyr699.gif <@subject Heliozela stanneella, neuration> 
 
# \i{}Hepialidae\i0{}/ 
newmhep.jpg <@subject The British Hepialus species: Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=826 y=490 
t=1a-b, \i{}Hepialus humuli\i0{} (Ghost Moth, 
Ghost Swift); 2, \i{}Hepialus hecta\i0{} (Gold 
Swift); 3, \i{}Hepialus lupulinus\i0{} (Common 
Swift); 4, \i{}Hepialus sylvina\i0{} (Orange 
Swift, Wood Swift); \i{}Hepialus 
fusconebulosa\i0{} (Map-winged Swift, Northern 
Swift). From Newman, 1869.> 
huiii203.jpg <@subject Hepialus humuli (Ghost Moth): Hubner III, 203> 
kirbhep1.jpg <@subject 5 Hepialus species: Kirby> 
<@imagenotes x=626 y=928 
t=13(a, male) and (b, female), \i{}Hepialus 
humuli\i0{} (Ghost Swift); 14, \i{}Hepialus 
sylvina\i0{} (Orange Swift); 15, \i{}Hepialus 
fusconebulosa \i0{}(Map-winged Swift); 16 (a, 
male) and (b, female), \i{}Hepialus 
lupulinus\i0{} (Common Swift); 17, \i{}Hepialus 
hecta\i0{} (Gold Swift). From Kirby (1907).> 
kirbhep2.jpg <@subject Hepialus hecta, larva: Kirby> 
bent185.jpg <@subject Hepialus sylvina (Orange Swift, Wood Swift: B. 
Ent. 
185)> 
text185.gif <@subject Hepialus sylvina (legend+text: B. Ent. 185)> 
text1851.gif <@subject Hepialus sylvina (text, cont.: B. Ent. 185)> 
lchhep01.gif <@subject Hepialus sylvina: neuration> 
 
# \i{}Hesperiidae\i0{}/ 
newmphes.jpg <@subject Skippers: Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=627 y=930 
t=1a-b, \i{}Thymelicus sylvestris\i0{} (Small 
Skipper, female and male); 2a-b, \i{}Thymelicus 
acteon\i0{} (Lulworth Skipper, male and female); 
3a-b, \i{}Hesperia comma\i0{} (Silver-spotted 
Skipper, male and female); 4, 
\i{}Carterocephalus palaemon\i0{} (Chequered 
Skipper); 5a-b, \i{}Ochlodes faunus\i0{} (Large 
Skipper, male and female); 6, \i{}Erynnis 
tages\i0{} (Dingy Skipper); 7a, \i{}Pyrgus 
malvae\i0{} (Grizzled Skipper); 7b, \i{}Pyrgus 
malvae\i0{} (Grizzled Skipper, variety). From 
Newman, 1871.> 
lskip02.jpg <@subject Ochlodes faunus (Large Skipper, female), in 
charateristic hesperiid pose: photo, Giles Watson> 
<@imagenotes x=593 y=90 
t=\i{}Ochlodes faunus\i0{}: female, in 
characteristic hesperiid pose. Seven Barrows, 
near Lambourne, Berks. 20/6/08, Giles Watson.> 
lskip01.jpg <@subject Ochlodes faunus (Large Skipper, male): Giles 
Watson, 
photos> 
<@imagenotes x=541 y=940 
t=\i{}Ochlodes faunus\i0{} (Large Skipper, male). 
Uffington, Oxon, July 2007. Giles Watson.> 
bent442.jpg <@subject Thymelicus acteon (Lulworth Skipper: B. Ent. 442)>
text442.gif <@subject Thymelicus acteon (legend+text: B. Ent. 442)> 
text4421.gif <@subject Thymelicus acteon (text, cont.: B. Ent. 442)> 
kirbthym.jpg <@subject Thymelicus acteon, T. lineola and T. sylvestris 
(Kirby)> 
<@imagenotes x=858 y=907 
t=1, \i{}Thymelicus lineola\i0{} (Essex 
Skipper); 2a-b, \i{}Thymelicus sylvestris\i0{} 
(Small Skipper, male and female); 3, 
\i{}Thymelicus acteon\i0{} (Lulworth Skipper). 
From Kirby.> 
cole015.jpg <@subject Cartocephalus, Erynnis, Hesperia, Ochlodes, 
Pyrgus, 
Thymelicus (Skippers: Coleman)> 
kir0161.jpg <@subject Carcharodus alceae, Pyrgus armoricanus: Kirby> 
<@item x=13 y=757 w=526 h=48 n 
t=1a-c: Carcharodus alceae> 
<@item x=13 y=811 w=526 h=41 n 
t=5: Pyrgus armoricanus> 
dpap31.jpg <@subject Larvae and pupae of Carterocephalus, Hesperia, 
Thymelicus (Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=213 y=82 
t=Larvae and pupae. 89, \i{}Thymelicus 
sylvestris\i0{}; 90, \i{}Hesperia comma\i0{}; 91, 
\i{}Carterocephalus palaemon\i0{}.> 
meyr369.gif <@subject Ochlodes faunus: neuration> 
 
# \i{}Hieroxestidae\i0{}/ 
lchhier.jpg <@subject Oinophila v-flava> 
lchhie01.gif <@subject Oinophila v-flava: neuration> 
 
# \i{}Incurvariidae\i0{}/ 
bent607.jpg <@subject Incurvaria masculella (Feathered Diamond-back): B.
Ent. 607> 
text6071.gif <@subject Incurvaria masculella: B. Ent. 607, legend+text> 
text6072.gif <@subject Incurvaria masculella: B. Ent. 607, text cont.> 
lchincu.jpg <@subject Incurvaria masculella> 
bent6391.jpg <@subject Lampronia luzella (Prodoxidae), 4-spotted Pirple 
Tinea: B. Ent. 639> 
text6391.gif <@subject Lampronia luzella (Prodoxidae): B. Ent. 639, 
legend+text> 
text6392.gif <@subject Lampronia luzella (Prodoxidae): B. Ent. 639, text
cont.> 
sta13021.jpg <@subject Incurvaria masculella (as muscalella), I. 
pectinea 
and (mainland-European) I. koerneriella: Stainton 
13, II (1873)> 
<@imagenotes x=23 y=10 
t=INCURVARIIDAE. 1, \i{}Incurvaria 
masculella\i0{}. Larva (1a), and an oal leaf 
eaten by it (1b). 2, \i{}Incurvaria 
pectinea\i0{}. Adult (2a) and younger (2b) 
larvae; a birch leaf mined by young larvae; and 
the case of an adult larva. 3, \i{}Incurvaria 
koerneriella\i0{}. Larva (3a), and a beech leaf 
eaten by it (3b); a larva case, opened to show 
the inside (3c). Stainton 13, II (1873).> 
sta1302l.gif <@subject Stainton 13, II (1873): original legend.> 
sta13012.jpg <@subject Phylloporia bistrigella: Stainton 13, I (1873)> 
<@imagenotes x=45 y=884 
t=INCURVARIIDAE. 2, \i{}Phylloporia 
bistrigella\i0{}. Larva (2a), and a birch leaf 
mined by two larvae, one of which has already 
cut out its case and departed (2b). Stainton 13, 
I (1873).> 
sta1301z.gif <@subject Stainton 13, I (1873): original legend.> 
stonincu.jpg <@subject Incurvaria, Phylloporia: Stainton (1859)> 
<@imagenotes x=414 y=62 
t=INCURVARIOIDEA. \i{}Incurvariidae\i0{}: \i{}1, 
Incurvaria praelatella\i0{};\i{} 2, Phylloporia 
bistrigella\i0{}. Heliozelidae: 3, Antispila 
metallella. Adelidae: 4, Nemophora degeerella. 
From Stainton (1859, with approximate wingspans 
added).> 
incurvst.jpg <@subject Invurvaria, Nematopogon, Phylloporia (Stainton)> 
<@imagenotes x=250 y=930 
t=3c and 3'b', head of male \i{}Incurvaria 
masculella\i0{}, and undenuded hindwing. 5a-5c, 
\i{}Nematopogon swammerdamella\i0{}, fore- and 
hindwing, and head; 5b', undenuded hindwing of 
\i{}Nematopogon swammerdamella\i0{}. 5'b', 
undenuded hindwing of \i{}Nematopogon 
pilella\i0{}. 10''a-10''c, \i{}Phylloporia 
bistrigella\i0{}: fore- and hindwings, and head. 
11c, head of \i{}Incurvaria praelatella\i0{}. 
From Stainton (!854, Plate II).> 
prodoxst.jpg <@subject Lampronia (~Prodoxidae: Stainton)> 
<@imagenotes x=24 y=844 
t=1'a and 1'b, fore- and hindwings of 
\i{}Lampronia morosa\i0{}. 3'a, 3'b, 3'b' and 
3'c: \i{}Lampronia capitella\i0{}, fore- and 
hindwings, undenuded hindwing, and head. 4'c and 
4'd, head and part of antenna of \i{}Lampronia 
pubicornis\i0{}. From Stainton (1854, Plates I 
and II).> 
staint10.jpg <@subject Larvae of 'Tineina' (Stainton)> 
<@imagenotes x=892 y=5 
t=1, OECOPHORIDAE: Diurnea fagella larva, and 
(1a) shown between united birch leaves. 2, 
PSYCHIDIDAE: Taleporia(?) larva, showing cases 
attached to lichen (2a), and a single case 
enlarged. 3, YPONOMEUTIDAE: Ochsenheimeria 
taurella, and (3a) a section of grass stem 
showing the larva in situ. 4, TINEIDAE: Tineola 
bisselliella, with a gallery formed in feathers 
(4a); 4b, a case of Tinea pellionella on a 
feather. \i{}5, INCURVARIIDAE\i0{}: 
\i{}Incurvaria praelatella\i0{}, with a 
partially devoured wild strawberry leaf (5a), 
and a case from the underside. \i{}6, Incurvaria 
pectinea\i0{}, and (6a) the larva in its case 
feeding on a fallen oak leaf. \i{}7, Lampronia 
capitella\i0{}, with (7a) a currant shoot 
withering from the effects of the larva feeding 
in the stem. 8, YPONOMEUTIDAE: Swammerdamia 
pyrella, with (8a) the larva in its web between 
united cherry leaves. 9, 
Yponomeutidae-Plutellinae: Plutella porrectella, 
and (9a) feeding on a Hesperis leaf. 10, 
GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: Orthotelia sparganella, with 
(10a) an eaten stem of Sparganium. 11. 
OECOPHORIDAE: Depressaria sp., with (11a) a leaf 
of Centaurea nigra distorted by its attentions. 
12, GELECHIIDAE: Anacampsis temerella, with 
(12a) a sallow leaf tenanted by it. 13, 
Metzneria aestivella, with (13a) a sectioned 
fruiting head of Carlina showing the feeding 
larva in situ. 14, OECOPHORIDAE: Crassa 
unitella, and (14a) a piece of decayed wood 
burrowed by the larvae. 15, GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: 
Glyphipteryx equitella, with (15a) shoots of 
Sedum acre showing the middle one bleached by 
excavations of the larva. 16, YPONOMEUTIDAE: 
Argyresthia bonnetella, with (16a) hawthorn 
shoots eaten by the larva. 17, GRACILLARIIDAE: 
Caloptilia alchimiella, with (17a) an oak lead 
exhibiting a cone formed by the larva. 18, 
OECOPHORIDAE: Agonopterix angelicella, with 
(18a) its cone on a hawthorn leaf. 19, 
COLEOPHORIDAE: Coleophora follicularis, with 
(19a) a mined leaf of Eupatorium, and (19b) the 
case enlarged. 20, LYONETIIDAE: Bedellia 
somnulentella, with (20a) a mined Convolvulus 
arvensis leaf. 21, EPERMENIIDAE: Epermenia 
chaerophyllellus, with (21a) a portion of 
Anthriscus sylvestris leaf eaten half through by 
it. 22, MOMPHIDAE: Chrysoclista linneella, with 
(22a) a piece of inner bark of lime burrowed by 
it. 23, ELACHISTIDAE: Elachista maculicerusella. 
with (23a) a mined Phragmites leaf blade. 24, 
TISCHERIIDAE: Emmetia marginea, and (24a) a 
mined bramble leaf. 25, GRACILLARIIDAE: 
Phyllonorycter quinnata, with (25a) a mined 
Carpinus leaf. 26, LYONETIIDAE: Leucoptera 
laburnella, with (26a) a mined Laburnum leaf. 
27, Bucculatrix bechsteinella (Bucculatricidae), 
and a hawthorn leaf eaten half through. 28, 
NEPTICULIDAE: Nepticula sp., with (28a) a mined 
Potentilla leaf. From Stainton (1854, Plate X).> 
lch125.gif <@subject Incurvaria masculella, neuration> 
 
# \i{}Lasiocampidae\i0{}/ 
newmlas1.jpg <@subject Lasiocampidae (1): Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=538 y=947 
t=1, \i{}Trichiura crataegi\i0{} (Pale Oak 
Eggar, male); 2, \i{}Poecilocampa populi\i0{} 
(December Moth, female); 3, \i{}Malacosoma 
neustria\i0{} (The Lackey); 4a-b, \i{}Malacosoma 
castrensis\i0{} (Ground Lackey, female and 
male); 5, \i{}Eriogaster lanestris\i0{} (Small 
Eggar); 6a-b \i{}Lasiocampa quercus\i0{} (Oak 
Eggar, male and female); 7, \i{}Macrothylacia 
rubi\i0{} (The Fox Moth, male); 8, 
\i{}Lasiocampa trifolii\i0{} (Grass Eggar). From 
Newman, 1869.> 
newmlas2.jpg <@subject Lasiocampidae (2): Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=914 y=949 
t=1, \i{}Philudoria potatoria\i0{} (Drinker, 
male); 2a-b, \i{}Gastropacha quercifolia\i0{} 
(Lappet); 3a-b, \i{}Phyllodesma ilicifolia\i0{} 
(Small Lappet). From Newman, 1869.> 
kirblas1.jpg <@subject Poecilocampa, Malacosoma, Eriogaster, Lasiocampa,
Philudoria, Gastropacha (1): Kirby 27 (part) and 28 
(part)> 
<@imagenotes x=261 y=25 
t=0, \i{}Poecilocampa populi\i0{} (December 
Moth); 1, \i{}Malacosoma neustria\i0{} (Lackey); 
2, \i{}Eriogaster lanestris\i0{} (Small Eggar); 
5, \i{}Lasiocampa trifolii\i0{} (Grass Eggar); 
8, \i{}Philudoria potatoria\i0{} (Drinker); 10. 
\i{}Gastropacha quercifolia\i0{} (Lappet).> 
kirblas2.jpg <@subject Lasiocampa, Macrothylacia, Gastropacha, 
Dendrolimus, Trichiura, Malacosoma (2): Kirby 27 
(part) and 29 (part)> 
<@imagenotes x=901 y=9 
t=1, \i{}Lasiocampa quercus\i0{} (Oak Eggar); 2, 
\i{}Macrothylacia rubi\i0{} (Fox Moth); 5, 
\i{}Gastropacha ilicifolia\i0{} (Small Lappet); 
7, \i{}Dendrolimus pini\i0{} (Pine Lappet); 9, 
\i{}Trichiura crataegi\i0{} (Pale Oak Eggar); 
12, \i{}Malacosoma castrensis\i0{} (Ground 
Lackey).> 
bent229.jpg <@subject Malacosoma castrensis (Ground Lackey: B. Ent. 
229)> 
bent2292.jpg <@subject Malacosoma castrensis (dissections: B. Ent. 229)>
text2291.gif <@subject Malacosoma castrensis: B. Ent. 229, legend+text> 
text2292.gif <@subject Malacosoma castrensis: B. Ent. 229, text cont.> 
bent007.jpg <@subject Dendrolimus pini (Pine Lappet: B. Ent. 7)> 
text0071.gif <@subject Dendrolimus pini: B. Ent. 7, legend+text> 
text0072.gif <@subject Dendrolimus pini: B. Ent. 7, text cont.> 
bent024.jpg <@subject Gastropacha quercifolia (Lappet: B. Ent. 24)> 
text0241.gif <@subject Gastropacha quercifolia: B. Ent. 24, legend+text>
text0242.gif <@subject Gastropacha quercifolia: B. Ent. 24, text cont.> 
lchlas01.gif <@subject Gastropacha quercifolia: neuration> 
bent181.jpg <@subject Lasiocampa medicaginis (Medick Eggar, probably
= 
\i{}L. trifolii\i0{}: B. Ent. 181)> 
lasneu01.gif <@subject neuration: Macrothylocia, Malacosoma> 
hump008.jpg <@subject Lasiocampa, Poecilocampa, Trichiura (Humphreys)> 
<@imagenotes x=43 y=61 
t=NOTODONTIDAE: 1 and 2, Clostera pigra (Small 
Chocolate-tip, and larva). \i{}LASIOCAMPIDAE: 3, 
4 and 5, Lasiocampa quercus (Oak Eggar, male and 
female adults, and larva). 6 and 7, Trichiura 
crataegi (Pale Eggar, and larva). 8, Poecilocampa 
populi (December Moth, male)\i0{}. From Humphreys 
(1860, Plate VIII).> 
hump009.jpg <@subject Eriogaster, Euthrix, Lymantria and Malacosoma 
(Humphreys)> 
<@imagenotes x=36 y=56 
t=LYMANTRIIDAE: 1-3, Lymantria monacha (Black 
Arches, male, female and larva). 
\i{}LASIOCAMPIDAE: 4-6, Euthrix potatoria (The 
Drinker, male, female and larva). 7 and 8, 
Malacosoma neustria (The Lackey, and larva). 9 
and 10, Eriogaster lanestris (Small Eggar, and 
larva)\i0{}. From Humphreys (1860, Plate IX).> 
dpon0341.jpg <@subject Larvae, cocoon, pupa: Euthrix potatoria, 
Macrothylacia rubi (Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=72 y=903 
t=Lasiocampidae. \i{}Euthrix potatoria\i0{} 
(Drinker Moth). \i{}Macrothylacia rubi\i0{} (Fox 
Moth). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.> 
dpon0331.jpg <@subject Larva and pupa: Gastropacha quercifolia 
(Duponchel, 
1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=34 y=26 
t=Lasiocampidae. \i{}Gastropacha 
quercifolia\i0{} (Lappet Moth). Duponchel and 
Gune, 1849.> 
dpon0321.jpg <@subject Larvae and cocoons: Lasiocampa quercus, 
Lasiocampa 
trifolii (Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=843 y=940 
t=Lasiocampidae. 1, \i{}Lasiocampa quercus\i0{} 
(Oak Eggar). 2, \i{}Lasiocampa trifolii\i0{} 
(Grass Eggar). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.> 
dpon047.jpg <@subject Larvae, eggs, cocoon, pupa: Malacosoma castrensis,
Malacosoma neustria (Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=57 y=72 
t=Lasiocampidae. 1, \i{}Malacosoma neustria\i0{} 
(Lackey). 2, \i{}Malacosoma castrensis\i0{} 
(Ground Lackey). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.> 
 
# \i{}Limacodidae\i0{}/ 
newm021.jpg <@subject Apoda limacodes (Festoon: Newman)> 
kirbylim.jpg <@subject Apoda limacodes (Festoon: Kirby)> 
meyr470.gif <@subject Apoda limacodes, neuration> 
step0172.jpg <@subject Heterogenea asella (Triangle): Stephens II, 1830>
step0183.jpg <@subject Sterrhopteryx fusca (male and apterous female): 
Stephens II, 1830> 
 
# \i{}Lycaenidae\i0{}/ 
newmlyc1.jpg <@subject Lycaenidae (1), Hairstreaks and Coppers: Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=50 y=902 
t=1a-b, \i{}Callophrys rubi\i0{} (Green 
Hairstreak, upper- and under-sides); 2a-c, 
\i{}Thecla betulae\i0{} (Brown Hairstreak: male 
and female upper-sides, and female under-side); 
3a-b, \i{}Neozephyrus quercus\i0{} (Purple 
Hairstreak female, upper- and under-sides); 
4a-b, \i{}Satyrium w-album\i0{} (White Letter 
Hairstreak, upper- and under-sides); 4c, 
\i{}Satyrium w-album\i0{} (White Letter 
Hairstreak variety, under-side); 5a-b, 
\i{}Satyrium pruni\i0{} (Black Hairstreak or 
Dark Hairstreak, upper- and under-sides); 6, 
\i{}Lycaena phlaeas\i0{} (Small Copper); 7a-b, 
\i{}Lycaena dispar dispar \i0{}(English Large 
Copper). From Newman, 1871.> 
newmlyc2.jpg <@subject Lycaenidae (2), Blues: Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=465 y=941 
t=1a-c, \i{}Lampides boeticus\i0{} (Long-tailed 
Blue: male and female upper-sides, and 
under-side); 2a-c, \i{}Phlebejus argus\i0{} 
(Silver-studded Blue: male and female 
upper-sides, and under-side); 3a-b, 
\i{}Polyommatus icarus\i0{} (Common Blue: male 
upper-side and normal under-side); 3c, 
\i{}Polyommatus icarus\i0{} (Common Blue, 
under-side variant); 4a-b, \i{}Lysandra 
coridon\i0{} (Chalk Hill Blue, male and female); 
5, \i{}Lysandra bellargus\i0{} (Adonis or 
Clifden Blue, male); 6a-b, \i{}Cupido 
minimus\i0{} (Small Blue, upper- and 
under-sides). From Newman, 1871.> 
newmlyc3.jpg <@subject Lycaenidae (3), Blues cont.: Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=471 y=882 
t=1a-b, \i{}Maculinea arion\i0{} (Large Blue, 
male upper-side and female under-side); 2a-b, 
\i{}Celastrina argiolus\i0{} (Holly or Azure 
Blue, male and female); 3a-b, \i{}Cyaniris 
semiargus\i0{} (Mazarine Blue, upper- and 
under-sides); 4a, \i{}Aricia agestis\i0{} (Brown 
Argus), 4b, \i{}Aricia artaxerxes 
artaxerces\i0{} (Scotch Brown Argus, Scotch 
White Spot); 4c-d, \i{}Aricia artaxerxes 
salmacis\i0{} (Northern Brown Argus, with 4d 
representing the Castle Eden Argus). From 
Newman, 1871.> 
arion01.jpg <@subject Maculinea arion ssp. eutyphron (Large Blue - 
endemic 
British subspecies: photos)> 
<@imagenotes x=462 y=603 
t=\i{}Maculinea arion\i0{} ssp. 
\i{}eutyphron\i0{} (Large Blue).\par{}\par{}The 
Large Blue was described by Newman in 1871 as 
"decidedly local", but he recorded it from ten 
counties, ranging from South Devon north to 
Northamtonshire. By 1927, Meyrick regarded it as 
scarce and nearly extinct except in the SW. 
Bradley's authoritative Check List (2000) 
represents the indigenous British subspecies as 
.... extinct, ..... last seen SW England in the 
1970s. \i{}Maculinea arion\i0{} is now 
pathetically represented in Britain (cf. the 
Large Copper) by a population of the 
mainland-European subspecies, \i{}M. arion 
arion\i0{}, introduced from Sweden in the 1980s 
and currently conserved somewhere in SW 
England. \par{}\par{}The specimens of the 
extinct British subspecies illustrated were 
collected by J. Armitage, who searched 
assiduously for it during the 1950s and 
discovered or re-discovered several localities. 
\par{}\par{}Fig. 1, 4th July 1953, North Devon; 
Figs. 2-4, 15th June 1953, southern Cotswolds; 
Figs. 5 and 6, 25th June 1950, southern 
Cotswolds. From Watsons collection.> 
boetic01.jpg <@subject Lampetes boeticus (Long-tailed Blue: photos> 
<@imagenotes x=881 y=912 
t=\i{}Lampides boeticus\i0{} (Long-tailed Blue). 
\par{}\par{}A rare immigrant from mainland 
Europe, encountered occasionally in southern 
England. These specimens collected by Watson at 
Bagneux, Seine, France, September 1953.> 
celast01.jpg <@subject Celastrina argiolus subsp. britanna (Holly Blue: 
photos)> 
<@imagenotes x=481 y=478 
t=\i{}Celastrina argiolus\i0{} subsp. 
\i{}britanna\i0{} (Holly Blue). Upper- and 
undersides of female (left) and male (right). 
\par{}\par{}Ferny Hill, Bradnop, near Leek, 
Staffs., 1st June 1951. From Watsons 
collection.> 
celarg01.jpg <@subject Celastrina argiolus (Holly Blue: Giles Watson, 
photos)> 
<@imagenotes x=25 y=41 
t=\i{}Celastrina argiolus\i0{} (Holly Blue, 
male). St. Marys, Isles of Scilly, May 2006. 
Giles Watson.> 
lysand01.jpg <@subject Lysandra coridon (Chalk Hill Blue) and L. 
bellargus 
Adonis or Clifen Blue): photos> 
<@imagenotes x=509 y=907 
t=Figs. 1-4, \i{}Lysandra coridon\i0{} (Chalk 
Hill Blue); upper- and undersides of male (1 and 
3) and female (2 and 4). Figs. 5-8, \i{}Lysandra 
bellargus\i0{} (Adonis Blue, Clifden Blue); 
upper- and undersides of male (5 and 7) and 
female (6 and 8). \par{}\par{}1-4, Aldisham, 
July 1923 (R.A. Nichols). 5-8, Folkestone, Kent, 
Sept. 1924 (R.A. Nichols). From Watsons 
collection.> 
icarus01.jpg <@subject Polyomatus icarus (Common Blue): photos> 
<@imagenotes x=867 y=928 
t=\i{}Polyommatus icarus\i0{} (Common Blue). 
Figs. 1 and 4, upper- and undersides of male. 
Figs. 2 and 3, female upperside variants; Fig. 
5, underside of female. \par{}\par{}Leek, 
Staffs., May 1953. From Watsons collection.> 
kirblox.jpg <@subject Everes argiades, Glaucopsyche alexis (Bloxworth or
Short-tailed Blue, Green-underside Blue: Kirby)> 
<@imagenotes x=368 y=13 
t=1a-b, \i{}Everes argiades\i0{} (Bloxworth or 
Short-tailed Blue, female and male); 2a-d, 
\i{}Glaucopsyche alexis\i0{} (Green-underside 
Blue: female, male and larva). From Kirby.> 
bent012.jpg <@subject Lycaena dispar dispar (Large Copper: B. Ent. 12)> 
text0121.gif <@subject Lycaena dispar: B. Ent. 12, legend+text> 
text0122.gif <@subject Lycaena dispar: B. Ent. 12, text cont.> 
phlaea01.jpg <@subject Lycaena phlaeas (Small Copper) and L. virgaureae 
(Scarce Copper): photos> 
<@imagenotes x=471 y=932 
t=Figs. 1-4, \i{}Lycaena phlaeas\i0{} (Small 
Copper). 1 and 4, female; 2, male; 3, unusual 
variety of male. Figs 5 and 6, \i{}Lycaena 
virgaureae\i0{} (Scarce Copper, seemingly once 
resident in southern England, last seen about 
1850). \par{}\par{}1, 2 and 4, Cheddleton near 
Leek, Staffs., August 1950. 3, Westwood, Leek, 
August 1948. 5 and 6, Chatelard Valais, 
Switzerland, August 1948 (J. Armitage). From 
Watsons collection.> 
curhub10.jpg <@subject Lycaena phlaeas (Small Copper: Hbner/Curtis)> 
bent264.jpg <@subject Satyrium pruni (Black Hair-streak: B. Ent. 264)> 
text2641.gif <@subject Satyrium pruni (B. Ent. 264, legend+text)> 
<@imagenotes x=23 y=10 
t=Here, the 'Black Hairstreak' is presented as a 
British insect for the first time. Curtis gives 
the locality as Yorkshire instead of 
Huntingdonshire (see the next page), having been 
misled by the efforts of Seaman, a dealer who 
wanted to keep the locality to himself. The full 
story is detailed by E.B. Ford in his 
\i{}Butterflies\i0{} (1948).> 
text2642.gif <@subject Satyrium pruni (B. Ent. 264, text cont.)> 
curhub07.jpg <@subject Callophrys rubi (Green Hairstreak: 
Hbner/Curtis)> 
cole012.jpg <@subject Callophrys, Satyrium (Strymonidia), Thecla, 
Neozephyrus (Quercusia) (Hairstreaks: Coleman)> 
curhub15.jpg <@subject Polyommatus icarus (Common Blue: Hbner/Curtis)> 
cole013.jpg <@subject Lycaena, Celastrina, Cupido, Cyaniris, Lampedes 
(Purple-edged Copper, Blues: Coleman)> 
cole014.jpg <@subject Aricia, Lysandra, Maculinea, Plebejus, Polyommatus
(Blues: Coleman)> 
kir151.jpg <@subject Plebicula dorylas, Leptotes pirithous: Kirby> 
<@item x=15 y=779 w=501 h=203 n 
t=Plebicula dorylas, and (upper right) Leptotes 
(Syntarucus) pirithous (Langs Short-tailed Blue)> 
kir014.jpg <@subject Lycaena virgaureae (Scarce Copper: Kirby)> 
<@item x=650 y=404 w=338 h=145 n 
t=Lycaena virgaureae. Male (left, upper- and 
under-sides), female (right) and larva> 
kir0141.jpg <@subject Lycaena alcifron, L. tityrus: Kirby> 
<@item x=4 y=5 w=572 h=77 n 
t=11. Lycaena alcifron (a,male; b, female)> 
<@item x=4 y=93 w=572 h=75 n 
t=12. Lycaena tityrus (a, male; b, female)> 
 
# \i{}Lymantriidae\i0{}/ 
newmlym1.jpg <@subject British Lymantriidae: Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=442 y=950 
t=1a-b, \i{}Orgyia antiqua\i0{} (Vapourer, male 
and flightless female); 2a-b, \i{}Orgyia 
recens\i0{} (Scarce Vapourer, male and 
flightless female); 3, \i{}Laelia coenosa\i0{} 
(Reed Tussock); 4, \i{}Dicallomera 
fascelina\i0{} (Dark Tussock); 5, \i{}Calliteara 
pudibunda\i0{} (Pale Tussock); 6, \i{}Euproctis 
similis\i0{} (Yellow-tail); 7, \i{}Leucoma 
salicis\i0{} (The Satin Moth); 8, \i{}Euproctis 
chrysorrhoea\i0{} (Brown-tail); 9a-b, 
\i{}Lymantria monacha\i0{} (Black Arches, female 
and male); 10a-b, \i{}Lymantria dispar\i0{} 
(Gypsy, female and male). From Newman, 1869.> 
lymant01.jpg <@subject Lymantria dispar (Gypsy) and L. monacha (Black 
Arches): photos> 
<@imagenotes x=529 y=926 
t=1-3, \i{}Lymantria monacha\i0{} (Black 
Arches): pale (1) and melanic (2) forms of the 
male, and female (3). 4-5, \i{}Lymantria 
dispar\i0{} (Gypsy Moth), female (4) and a 
typical male (5). \par{}\par{}1, Holme Fen, near 
Peterborough, 5th July 1956 (L. Watson); 2, 
Suffolk 1951 (details unknown); 3, Abbot's Wood, 
near Hailsham, Sussex, 1917; 4 and 5, provenance 
unknown. From Watson's collection.> 
bent068.jpg <@subject Laelia coenosa (Reed Tussock, imago and larva) and
Leucoma salicis (White Satin, dissections): B. Ent. 
68)> 
step0162.jpg <@subject Arctornis L-nigrum (Black V Moth): Stephens II, 
1830)> 
bent0682.jpg <@subject Leucoma salicis (dissections: B. Ent. 68)> 
text0681.gif <@subject Leucoma salicis and Laelia coenosa: B. Ent. 68, 
legend+text> 
text0682.gif <@subject Leucoma salicis and Laelia coenosa: B. Ent. 68, 
text cont.> 
bent7671.jpg <@subject Lymantria monacha (Black Arches): B. Ent. 767> 
text7671.gif <@subject Lymantria monacha: B. Ent. 767, legend+text)> 
text7672.gif <@subject Lymantria monacha: B. Ent. 767, text cont.)> 
bent378.jpg <@subject Orgyia recens (Scarce Vapourer: B. Ent. 378)> 
text3781.gif <@subject Orgyia recens: B. Ent. 378, legend+text> 
text3782.gif <@subject Orgyia recens: B. Ent. 378, text cont.> 
hump009.jpg <@subject Eriogaster, Euthrix, Lymantria and Malacosoma 
(Humphreys)> 
<@imagenotes x=36 y=56 
t=\i{}LYMANTRIIDAE: 1-3, Lymantria monacha (Black 
Arches, male, female and larva)\i0{}. 
LASIOCAMPIDAE: 4-6, Euthrix potatoria (The 
Drinker, male, female and larva). 7 and 8, 
Malacosoma neustria (The Lackey, and larva). 9 
and 10, Eriogaster lanestris (Small Eggar, and 
larva). From Humphreys (1860, Plate IX).> 
hump010.jpg <@subject Calliteara, Lymantria, Orgyia (and Colocasia, from
Humphreys)> 
<@imagenotes x=27 y=64 
t=1-3, \i{}Lymantria dispar\i0{} (The Gypsy, 
male, female and larva). 4 and 5,\i{} Calliteara 
pudibunda\i0{} (Pale Tussock, male and larva). 
8-10, \i{}Orgyia recens\i0{} (Scarce Vapourer, 
male, female and larva). 6 and 7, Colocasia 
coryli (Nut Tree Tussock, Noctuidae-Pantheinae: 
male and larva). From Humphreys (1860, Plate X).> 
hump011.jpg <@subject Arctornis, Euproctis, Laelia, Leucoma (from 
Humphreys)> 
<@imagenotes x=47 y=28 
t=1 and 2, \i{}Laelia coenosa\i0{} (Reed Tussock, 
male and larva). 3, \i{}Arctornis L-nigrum\i0{} 
(Black V Moth). 4 and 5, \i{}Leucoma salicis\i0{} 
(White Satin Moth, and larva). 6-8, \i{}Euproctis 
chrysorrhoea\i0{} (Brown-tail, male, female and 
larva). 9 and 10, \i{}Euproctis similis\i0{} 
(Yellow-tail, male and larva). From Humphreys 
(1860, Plate XI).> 
kirblym1.jpg <@subject Calliteara, Dicallomera, Orgyia: Kirby)> 
<@imagenotes x=157 y=915 
t=10, \i{}Orgyia recens\i0{} (Scarce Vapourer 
Moth); 11, \i{}Orgyia antiqua\i0{} (Vapourer 
Moth); 13, \i{}Dicallomera fascelina\i0{} (Dark 
Tussock); 15, \i{}Calliteara pudibunda\i0{} 
(Pale Tussock). From Kirby (1907).> 
kirby027.jpg <@subject Arctornis, Euproctis, Leucoma, Lymantria: Kirby> 
<@imagenotes x=484 y=358 
t=\i{}LYMANTRIIDAE\i0{}. 1, \i{}Arctornis 
l-nigrum\i0{} (Black V-moth); 2, \i{}Leocoma 
salicis\i0{} (White Satin Moth); 3, 
\i{}Euproctis chrysorrhoea\i0{} (Brown-tail 
Moth); 4, \i{}Euproctis similis\i0{} (Gold-tail 
Moth); 5, \i{}Lymantria monacha\i0{}, male (b) 
and female (Black Arches); 6, \i{}Lymantria 
dispar\i0{}, male (b) and female (Gipsy Moth); 
7, Parocneria detrita; 8, Ocneria rubea. 
LASIOCAMPIDAE. 9, \i{}Trichiura crataegi\i0{} 
(Pale Eggar), male (b) and female (c); 10, 
\i{}Poecilocampa populi\i0{} (December Moth), 
male (b) and female (c); 11, Malacosoma 
franconica; 12, \i{}Malacosoma castrensis\i0{} 
(Ground Lackey), male (a) and female (b). From 
Kirby (1907) with names updated.> 
dpon038.jpg <@subject Larva, pupa, cocoon: Calliteara pudibunda 
(Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=34 y=26 
t=Lymantriidae. \i{}Calliteara pudibunda\i0{} 
(Pale Tussock). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.> 
dpon0391.jpg <@subject Larva, pupa: Dicallomera fascelina (Duponchel, 
1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=796 y=893 
t=Lymantriidae. \i{}Dicallomera fascelina\i0{} 
(Dark Tussock). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.> 
dpon0461.jpg <@subject Larvae: Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Euproctis similis
(Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=861 y=911 
t=Lymantriidae. 1, \i{}Euproctis similis\i0{} 
(Yellow-tail). 2, \i{}Euproctis 
chrysorrhoea\i0{} (Brown-tail). Duponchel and 
Gune, 1849.> 
dpon037.jpg <@subject Larvae, pupae: Leucoma salicis, Lymantria dispar 
(Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=34 y=26 
t=Lymantriidae. 1, \i{}Leucoma salicis\i0{} 
(White Satin Moth). 2, \i{}Lymantria dispar\i0{} 
(Gypsy Moth). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.> 
dpon0351.jpg <@subject Larvae, pupae (male and female): Orgyia antiqua, 
Orgyia recens (Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=36 y=877 
t=Lymantriidae. 1, \i{}Orgyia antiqua\i0{} 
(Vapourer): a and b, male; c and d, female. 2, 
\i{}Orgyia recens\i0{} (Scarce Vapourer), 
female. Duponchel and Gune, 1849.> 
lymneu01.gif <@subject neuration: Calliteara, Euproctis> 
 
# \i{}Lyonetiidae\i0{}/ 
p1007075.jpg <@subject Leucoptera laburnella (specimen): photo> 
<@imagenotes x=81 y=850 
t=LYONETIIDAE. \i{}Leucoptera laburnella\i0{}. 
10/8/55, Trentham, Staffs. R.G. Warren.> 
staintin.jpg <@subject Stainton's representative 'Tineina'> 
<@imagenotes x=14 y=47 
t=Stainton's TINEINA (Lyonetiidae italicised). 
2, Ochsenheimeria birdella; 3, Tinea ganomella; 
4, Eriocrania salopiella; 5, Nemophora 
metallica; 6, Swammerdamia pyrella; 7, 
Yponomeuta sedella; 8, Plutella xylostella; 9, 
Ypsolopha dentella; 10, Agonopterix 
alstroemeriana; 11, Pexicopia malvella; 12, 
Chrysoesthia drurella; 13, Ypsolopha 
parenthesella; 14, Schiffermuelleria grandis; 
15, Scythris grandipennis; 16, Glyphipteryx 
equitella; 17, Heliozela resplendella; 18, 
Argyresthia bonnetella; 19, Caloptilia 
alchimiella; 20, Coleophora lineola; \i{}21, 
Bedellia somnulentella\i0{}; 22, Cosmopteryx 
lienigiella; 23, Mompha propinquella; 24, 
Elachista gangabella; 25, Elachista 
maculicerusella; 26, Emmetia marginea; 27, 
Phyllonorycter acerifoliella; 28, Phyllonorycter 
stettinensis; \i{}29, Leucoptera 
malifoliella\i0{}; 30, Ectoedemia sericopeza. 
From Stainton (1854, Plate IX).> 
bent284.jpg <@subject Lyonetia clerkella (Autumnal Argyromiges: B. Ent. 
284)> 
text2841.gif <@subject Lyonetia clerkella: B. Ent. 284, legend+text> 
text2842.gif <@subject Lyonetia clerkella: B. Ent. 284, text cont.> 
stai7011.jpg <@subject Bucculatrix nigricomella (mainland-European), B. 
aurimaculella (British form of B. nigricomella), B. 
cidarella: Stainton 7, I (1862)> 
<@imagenotes x=679 y=57 
t=LYONETIIDAE (BUCCULATRICIDAE). 1, 
\i{}Bucculatrix nigricomella\i0{}: externally 
feeding larva (1a), and plant of 
\i{}Chrysanthemum leucanthemum\i0{} with mined 
leaves (1b). 2, \i{}Bucculatrix 
nigricomella\i0{}: externally feeding larva 
(2a), and gnawed leaf of \i{}Chrysanthemum 
leucanthemum\i0{} (2b). 3, \i{}Bucculatrix 
cidarella\i0{}: externally feeding larva (3a), 
and alder leaf mined and gnawed (3b). Stainton 
7, I (1862).> 
stai701l.gif <@subject Stainton 7, I (1862): original legend.> 
stai7021.jpg <@subject Bucculatrix ulmella, B. bechsteinella (as 
crataegi), B. demaryella: Stainton 7, II (1862)> 
<@imagenotes x=83 y=239 
t=LYONETIIDAE (BUCCULATRICIDAE). 1, 
\i{}Bucculatrix ulmella\i0{}: externally feeding 
larva (1a), and oak leaf mined and gnawed (1b). 
2, \i{}Bucculatrix bechsteinella\i0{}: mining 
larva (2a); externally feeding larva (2a*); 
hawthorn leaf, mined and with a cocoonet under 
which the larva moults (2b); gnawed hawthorn 
leaf (2b*); and cocoon (2c). 3, \i{}Bucculatrix 
demaryella\i0{}: externally feeding larva (3a); 
mined and gnawed birch leaf (3b). Stainton 7, II 
(1862).> 
stai702l.gif <@subject Stainton 7, II (1862): original legend.> 
stai7031.jpg <@subject Bucculatrix maritima, B. gnaphaliella 
(mainland-European), B. ratisbonensis 
(mainland-European): Stainton 7, III (1862)> 
<@imagenotes x=875 y=10 
t=LYONETIIDAE (BUCCULATRICIDAE). 1, 
\i{}Bucculatrix maritima\i0{}: externally 
feeding larva (1a), and mined leaf of \i{}Aster 
tripolium\i0{} (1b). 2, \i{}Bucculatrix 
gnaphaliella\i0{}: larva (2a), and leaf of 
\i{}Gnaphalium arenarium\i0{} with mine and 
cocoon (2b). 3, \i{}Bucculatrix 
ratisbonensis\i0{}: larva (3a); and piece of 
gnawed \i{}Artemisia campestris\i0{} leaf, with 
cocoon at the right (3b). Stainton 7, III 
(1862).> 
stai703l.gif <@subject Stainton 7, III (1862): original legend.> 
stai7041.jpg <@subject Bucculatrix frangulella, B. thoracella (as 
hippocastanella), B. cristatella: Stainton 7, IV 
(1862)> 
<@imagenotes x=348 y=362 
t=LYONETIIDAE (BUCCULATRICIDAE). 1, 
\i{}Bucculatrix frangulella\i0{}: externally 
feeding larva (1a), a mined and gnawed leaf of 
\i{}Rhamnus frangula\i0{} (1b), and cocoon (1c). 
2, \i{}Bucculatrix thoracella\i0{}: externally 
feeding larva (2a), and mined an gnawed lime 
leaf (2b). 3, \i{}Bucculatrix cristatella\i0{}: 
larva (3a), and a gnawed yarrow leaf with the 
cocoon near its tip (3b). Stainton 7, IV 
(1862).> 
stai704l.gif <@subject Stainton 7, IV (1862): original legend.> 
lchlyon.jpg <@subject Leucoptera, Bucculatrix> 
staint10.jpg <@subject Larvae of 'Tineina' (Stainton)> 
<@imagenotes x=892 y=5 
t=1, OECOPHORIDAE: Diurnea fagella larva, and 
(1a) shown between united birch leaves. 2, 
PSYCHIDIDAE: Taleporia(?) larva, showing cases 
attached to lichen (2a), and a single case 
enlarged. 3, YPONOMEUTIDAE: Ochsenheimeria 
taurella, and (3a) a section of grass stem 
showing the larva in situ. 4, TINEIDAE: Tineola 
bisselliella, with a gallery formed in feathers 
(4a); 4b, a case of Tinea pellionella on a 
feather. 5, INCURVARIIDAE: Incurvaria 
praelatella, with a partially devoured wild 
strawberry leaf (5a), and a case from the 
underside. 6, Incurvaria pectinea, and (6a) the 
larva in its case feeding on a fallen oak leaf. 
7, Lampronia capitella, with (7a) a currant 
shoot withering from the effects of the larva 
feeding in the stem. 8, YPONOMEUTIDAE: 
Swammerdamia pyrella, with (8a) the larva in its 
web between united cherry leaves. 9, 
Yponomeutidae-Plutellinae: Plutella porrectella, 
and (9a) feeding on a Hesperis leaf. 10, 
GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: Orthotelia sparganella, with 
(10a) an eaten stem of Sparganium. 11. 
OECOPHORIDAE: Depressaria sp., with (11a) a leaf 
of Centaurea nigra distorted by its attentions. 
12, GELECHIIDAE: Anacampsis temerella, with 
(12a) a sallow leaf tenanted by it. 13, 
Metzneria aestivella, with (13a) a sectioned 
fruiting head of Carlina showing the feeding 
larva in situ. 14, OECOPHORIDAE: Crassa 
unitella, and (14a) a piece of decayed wood 
burrowed by the larvae. 15, GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: 
Glyphipteryx equitella, with (15a) shoots of 
Sedum acre showing the middle one bleached by 
excavations of the larva. 16, YPONOMEUTIDAE: 
Argyresthia bonnetella, with (16a) hawthorn 
shoots eaten by the larva. 17, GRACILLARIIDAE: 
Caloptilia alchimiella, with (17a) an oak lead 
exhibiting a cone formed by the larva. 18, 
OECOPHORIDAE: Agonopterix angelicella, with 
(18a) its cone on a hawthorn leaf. 19, 
COLEOPHORIDAE: Coleophora follicularis, with 
(19a) a mined leaf of Eupatorium, and (19b) the 
case enlarged. \i{}20, LYONETIIDAE\i0{}: 
\i{}Bedellia somnulentella\i0{}, with (20a) a 
mined \i{}Convolvulus arvensis leaf\i0{}. 21, 
EPERMENIIDAE: Epermenia chaerophyllellus, with 
(21a) a portion of Anthriscus sylvestris leaf 
eaten half through by it. 22, MOMPHIDAE: 
Chrysoclista linneella, with (22a) a piece of 
inner bark of lime burrowed by it. 23, 
ELACHISTIDAE: Elachista maculicerusella. with 
(23a) a mined Phragmites leaf blade. 24, 
TISCHERIIDAE: Emmetia marginea, and (24a) a 
mined bramble leaf. 25, GRACILLARIIDAE: 
Phyllonorycter quinnata, with (25a) a mined 
Carpinus leaf. \i{}26, LYONETIIDAE\i0{}: 
\i{}Leucoptera laburnella\i0{}, with (26a) a 
mined Laburnum leaf. \i{}27, Bucculatrix 
bechsteinella\i0{} (Bucculatricidae), and a 
hawthorn leaf eaten half through. 28, 
NEPTICULIDAE: Nepticula sp., with (28a) a mined 
Potentilla leaf. From Stainton (1854, Plate X).> 
lyoneur.gif <@subject Leucoptera, Bucculatrix: neuration> 
 
# \i{}Micropterigidae\i0{}/ 
bent7511.jpg <@subject Micropterix calthella (Marsh Marigold Moth): B. 
Ent. 751> 
text7511.gif <@subject Micropterix calthella: B. Ent. 751, legend+text> 
lchmic.jpg <@subject Micropteryx calthella: imago and neuration> 
text7511.gif <@subject Micropterix calthella: B. Ent. 751, legend+text> 
micropst.jpg <@subject Eriocrania and Micropteryx> 
<@imagenotes x=14 y=894 
t=4a-4c, \i{}Micropteryx aureatella\i0{}: fore- 
and hind-wings, and head. 4'a and 4'b, 
\i{}Eriocrania semipurpurella\i0{} 
(Eriocraniidae). From Stainton (1854, Plate II)> 
kirbymic.jpg <@subject Micropteryx aruncella: Kirby 55> 
step0412.jpg <@subject Micropteryx aureatella: Stephens IV, 1834> 
 
# \i{}Momphidae\i0{}/ 
momphst.jpg <@subject Mompha, Chrysoclista, Blastodacna and Spuleria 
(including Cosmopterigidae: from Stainton)> 
<@imagenotes x=9 y=53 
t=Momphidae sensu stricto: 23, \i{}Mompha 
propinquella\i0{}. 1''c, \i{}Mompha 
terminella\i0{}, head; 8a and 8b, \i{}Mompha 
miscella\i0{}, fore- and hind-wings; 8'c, 
\i{}Mompha lacteella\i0{}, head; 8''a and 8''b, 
\i{}Mompha epilobiella\i0{}, fore- and 
hind-wings; 8'''c, \i{}Mompha ochraceella\i0{}, 
head. 9'b, \i{}Mompha locupletella\i0{}, 
posterior wing; 11a-11c, \i{}Mompha 
langiella\i0{}: fore- and hind-wings, and head. 
8''''a and 8''''b, \i{}Blastodacna 
hellerella\i0{} (Cosmopterigidae), fore- and 
hind-wings. 9''b and 9''c, \i{}Spuleria 
flavicaput\i0{} (Cosmopterigidae), hind-wing and 
head. From Stainton (1854, Plates VII, VIII, and 
IX).> 
batracst.jpg <@subject Batrachedra (Batrachedridae: from Stainton)> 
<@imagenotes x=14 y=103 
t=\i{}Batrachedra preangusta\i0{} 
(Batrachedridae), fore- and hind-wings, and 
head. From Stainton (1854, Plate VII).> 
staintin.jpg <@subject Stainton's representative 'Tineina'> 
<@imagenotes x=14 y=47 
t=Stainton's TINEINA (Momphidae italicised). 2, 
Ochsenheimeria birdella; 3, Tinea ganomella; 4, 
Eriocrania salopiella; 5, Nemophora metallica; 
6, Swammerdamia pyrella; 7, Yponomeuta sedella; 
8, Plutella xylostella; 9, Ypsolopha dentella; 
10, Agonopterix alstroemeriana; 11, Pexicopia 
malvella; 12, Chrysoesthia drurella; 13, 
Ypsolopha parenthesella; 14, Schiffermuelleria 
grandis; 15, Scythris grandipennis; 16, 
Glyphipteryx equitella; 17, Heliozela 
resplendella; 18, Argyresthia bonnetella; 19, 
Caloptilia alchimiella; 20, Coleophora lineola; 
21, Bedellia somnulentella; \i{}22, Cosmopteryx 
lienigiella\i0{}; \i{}23, Mompha 
propinquella\i0{}; 24, Elachista gangabella; 25, 
Elachista maculicerusella; 26, Emmetia marginea; 
27, Phyllonorycter acerifoliella; 28, 
Phyllonorycter stettinensis; 29, Leucoptera 
malifoliella; 30, Ectoedemia sericopeza. From 
Stainton (1854, Plate IX).> 
bent152.jpg <@subject Chrysoclista linneella (Linaeus's Spangle-wing, 
Cosmet: B. Ent. 152)> 
text1521.gif <@subject Chrysoclista linneella (legend+text: B. Ent. 
152)> 
text1522.gif <@subject Chrysoclista linneella (text cont.: B. Ent. 152)>
bent304.jpg <@subject The extinct Euclemensia woodiella Curtis (Original
generic description. Manchester Tinea: B. Ent. 304)> 
text3041.gif <@subject Euclemensia woodiella: B. Ent. 304, legend+text> 
<@imagenotes x=16 y=16 
t=This species, now referred to the genus 
Euclemensia, is known to this day from only 
three specimens, supposedly collected in 1829 
about 5 k from the centre of Manchester. It has 
never been found elsewhere in the world, and is 
almost certainly extinct. The original 
description of \i{}E. woodiella\i0{} (Curtis) 
provided an opportunity to chastize Mr. Stephens 
(see the following page).> 
text3042.gif <@subject Euclemensia woodiella: B. Ent. 304, text cont.> 
bent7351.jpg <@subject Mompha ochraceella (Curtis): B. Ent. 735> 
text7351.gif <@subject Mompha ochraceella (Curtis): B. Ent. 735, 
legend+text> 
text7352.gif <@subject Mompha ochraceella (Curtis): B. Ent. 735, text 
cont.> 
momp01.jpg <@subject 16 British species of Mompha> 
<@imagenotes x=299 y=330 
t=1, \i{}Mompha langiella\i0{}; 2, \i{}M. 
terminella\i0{}; 3, \i{}M. propinquella\i0{}; 4, 
\i{}M. divisella\i0{}; 5, \i{}M. 
sturnipennella\i0{}; 6, \i{}M. miscella\i0{}; 7, 
\i{}M. conturbatella\i0{}; 8, \i{}M. 
sturnipennella\i0{}, gall; 9, \i{}M. 
divisella\i0{} gall, opened in 10. 11, \i{}M. 
raschkiella\i0{}; 12, \i{}M. locupletella\i0{}; 
13, \i{}M. ochraceella\i0{}; 14, \i{}M. 
lacteella\i0{}; 15, \i{}M. subbistrigella\i0{}; 
\i{}M. epilobiella\i0{}. From Wakely (1945, 
illustration by S.N.A. Jacobs). The 1cm scale 
applies to the adult moths, the galls being to a 
smaller scale.> 
sta11041.jpg <@subject Limnaecia phragmitella (as Laverna): Stainton 11,
IV (1870)> 
<@imagenotes x=529 y=4 
t=MOMPHIDAE (COSMOPTERIGIDAE). 1, \i{}Limnaecia 
phragmitella\i0{}; larva (1a); \i{}Typha 
latifolia\i0{} inflorescence, showing effects of 
the larva inside it (1b). Stainton 11, IV 
(1870).> 
sta1104l.gif <@subject Stainton 11, IV (1870): original legend.> 
sta12011.jpg <@subject Cosmopteryx lienigiella, C. orichalcea, C. 
schmidiella: Stainton 12, I (1870)> 
<@imagenotes x=24 y=12 
t=MOMPHIDAE (COSMOPTERIGIDAE). 1, 
\i{}Cosmopteryx lienigiella\i0{}. Larva (1a), 
with mined leaf blade of \i{}Phragmites\i0{} 
(1b). 2, \i{}Cosmopteryx orichalcea\i0{}. Larva 
(2a), and a mined leaf blade of \i{}Festuca 
arundinacea\i0{} (2b). 3, \i{}Cosmopteryx 
schmidiella\i0{}. Larva (3a), and a leaf of 
\i{}Vicia sepium\i0{} with leaflets discolourd 
by it (3b). Stainton 12, I (1870)> 
sta1201l.gif <@subject Stainton 12, I (1870): original legend.> 
sta11063.jpg <@subject Sorhagenia rhamniella (as Laverna): Stainton 11, 
VI 
(1870)> 
<@imagenotes x=712 y=104 
t=MOMPHIDAE (COSMOPTERIGIDAE). 3, \i{}Sorhagenia 
rhamniella\i0{}. Larva (3a), and a \i{}Rhamnus 
catharticus\i0{} shoot attacked by it (3b). 
Stainton 11, VI (1870).> 
sta1106x.gif <@subject Stainton 11, VI (1870): original legend.> 
sta11062.jpg <@subject Mompha substrigella: Stainton 11, VI (1870)> 
<@imagenotes x=52 y=59 
t=MOMPHIDAE. 1, \i{}Mompha substrigella\i0{}. 
Larva (2a), and a seed pod of \i{}Epilobium\i0{} 
eaten by it (2b). Stainton 11, VI (1870).> 
sta1106y.gif <@subject Stainton 11, VI (1870): original legend.> 
sta12041.jpg <@subject Mompha terminella: Stainton 12, IV (1870)> 
<@imagenotes x=60 y=885 
t=MOMPHIDAE. 1, \i{}Mompha terminella\i0{}. 
Larva (1a), and a leaf of \i{}Circaea 
lutetiana\i0{} mined by it (1B). Stainton 12, IV 
(1870).> 
sta1204x.gif <@subject Stainton 12, IV (1870): original legend.> 
sta11051.jpg <@subject Mompha propinquella, M. epilobiella (as 
fulvescens), M. langiella (as epilobiella): Stainton 
11, V (1870)> 
<@imagenotes x=821 y=183 
t=MOMPHIDAE. 1, \i{}Mompha propinquella\i0{}; 
larva (1a), and a mined leaf of \i{}Epilobium 
hirsutum\i0{} (1b). 2, \i{}Mompha 
epilobiella\i0{}; larva (2a), and a shoot of 
\i{}Epilobium hirsutum\i0{} disfigured by it 
(2b). 3, \i{}Limnoecia epiloniella\i0{}, = 
\i{}Mompha langiella\i0{}; larva (3a), and a 
mined leaf of \i{}Circaea lutetiana\i0{} (3 b). 
Stainton 11, V (1870).> 
sta1105l.gif <@subject Stainton 11, V (1870): original legend.> 
staint10.jpg <@subject Larvae of 'Tineina' (Stainton)> 
<@imagenotes x=892 y=5 
t=1, OECOPHORIDAE: Diurnea fagella larva, and 
(1a) shown between united birch leaves. 2, 
PSYCHIDIDAE: Taleporia(?) larva, showing cases 
attached to lichen (2a), and a single case 
enlarged. 3, YPONOMEUTIDAE: Ochsenheimeria 
taurella, and (3a) a section of grass stem 
showing the larva in situ. 4, TINEIDAE: Tineola 
bisselliella, with a gallery formed in feathers 
(4a); 4b, a case of Tinea pellionella on a 
feather. 5, INCURVARIIDAE: Incurvaria 
praelatella, with a partially devoured wild 
strawberry leaf (5a), and a case from the 
underside. 6, Incurvaria pectinea, and (6a) the 
larva in its case feeding on a fallen oak leaf. 
7, Lampronia capitella, with (7a) a currant 
shoot withering from the effects of the larva 
feeding in the stem. 8, YPONOMEUTIDAE: 
Swammerdamia pyrella, with (8a) the larva in its 
web between united cherry leaves. 9, 
Yponomeutidae-Plutellinae: Plutella porrectella, 
and (9a) feeding on a Hesperis leaf. 10, 
GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: Orthotelia sparganella, with 
(10a) an eaten stem of Sparganium. 11. 
OECOPHORIDAE: Depressaria sp., with (11a) a leaf 
of Centaurea nigra distorted by its attentions. 
12, GELECHIIDAE: Anacampsis temerella, with 
(12a) a sallow leaf tenanted by it. 13, 
Metzneria aestivella, with (13a) a sectioned 
fruiting head of Carlina showing the feeding 
larva in situ. 14, OECOPHORIDAE: Crassa 
unitella, and (14a) a piece of decayed wood 
burrowed by the larvae. 15, GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: 
Glyphipteryx equitella, with (15a) shoots of 
Sedum acre showing the middle one bleached by 
excavations of the larva. 16, YPONOMEUTIDAE: 
Argyresthia bonnetella, with (16a) hawthorn 
shoots eaten by the larva. 17, GRACILLARIIDAE: 
Caloptilia alchimiella, with (17a) an oak lead 
exhibiting a cone formed by the larva. 18, 
OECOPHORIDAE: Agonopterix angelicella, with 
(18a) its cone on a hawthorn leaf. 19, 
COLEOPHORIDAE: Coleophora follicularis, with 
(19a) a mined leaf of Eupatorium, and (19b) the 
case enlarged. 20, LYONETIIDAE: Bedellia 
somnulentella, with (20a) a mined Convolvulus 
arvensis leaf. 21, EPERMENIIDAE: Epermenia 
chaerophyllellus, with (21a) a portion of 
Anthriscus sylvestris leaf eaten half through by 
it. \i{}22, MOMPHIDAE\i0{}: \i{}Chrysoclista 
linneella\i0{}, with (22a) a piece of inner bark 
of lime burrowed by it. 23, ELACHISTIDAE: 
Elachista maculicerusella. with (23a) a mined 
Phragmites leaf blade. 24, TISCHERIIDAE: Emmetia 
marginea, and (24a) a mined bramble leaf. 25, 
GRACILLARIIDAE: Phyllonorycter quinnata, with 
(25a) a mined Carpinus leaf. 26, LYONETIIDAE: 
Leucoptera laburnella, with (26a) a mined 
Laburnum leaf. 27, Bucculatrix bechsteinella 
(Bucculatricidae), and a hawthorn leaf eaten 
half through. 28, NEPTICULIDAE: Nepticula sp., 
with (28a) a mined Potentilla leaf. From 
Stainton (1854, Plate X).> 
momneu.gif <@subject Cosmopteryx, Mompha: neuration> 
 
# \i{}Nepticulidae\i0{}/ 
stai7081.jpg <@subject Stigmella minusculella, Stigmella tiliae and 
(mainland-European) S.lonicerarum: Stainton 7, VIII, 
1-3 (1862)> 
<@imagenotes x=443 y=6 
t=NEPTICULIDAE. 1, \i{}Stigmella 
minusculella\i0{}: larva (1a), and mined pieces 
of pear leaves (1b). 2, \i{}Stigmella 
tiliae\i0{}: larva (1a), and mined lime leaf 
(2b). 3, \i{}Stigmella lonicerarum\i0{}: larva 
(3a), and a mined honesuckle leaf (3b). Stainton 
7, VIII (1862).> 
stai708l.gif <@subject Stainton 7, VIII (1862): original legend.> 
stai7091.jpg <@subject Ectoedemia weaveri, Ectoedemia argyropeza and 
(mainland-European) Nepticula arcuata: Stainton 7, 
IX, 1-3 (1862)> 
<@imagenotes x=471 y=338 
t=NEPTICULIDAE. 1, \i{}Ectoedemia weaveri\i0{}: 
larva (1a); sprig of \i{}Vaccinium 
vitis-idaea\i0{}, with a leaf showing a flat 
mine (1b); upperside of a leaf, with an inflated 
mine (1b*), and underside of the same leaf 
(1b**). 2, \i{}Ectoedemia argyropeza\i0{}: larva 
(2a), and a mined leaf of \i{}Populus 
tremula\i0{} (2b). 3, \i{}Nepticula 
arcuata\i0{}: larva (3b), and a mined leaf of 
\i{}Potentilla sterilis\i0{} (3a). Stainton 7, 
IX (1862).> 
stai709l.gif <@subject Stainton 7, IX (1862): original legend.> 
stai7101.jpg <@subject Stigmella centifoliella, Stigmella alnetella and 
Ectoedema occultella (as argentipedella): Stainton 
7, X, 1-3 (1862)> 
<@imagenotes x=893 y=8 
t=NEPTICULIDAE. 1, \i{}Stigmella 
centifoliella\i0{}: larva (1a), and mined rose 
leaf (1b). 2, \i{}Ectoedemia occultella\i0{}: 
larva (2a), and mined birch leaf (2b). 3, 
\i{}Stigmella alnetella\i0{}:larva (3a), and 
mined alder leaf (3b). Stainton 7, X (1862).> 
stai710l.gif <@subject Stainton 7, X (1862): original legend.> 
stai7111.jpg <@subject Ectoedemia atricollis, Stigmella myrtitella and 
Stigmella poterii: Stainton 7, XI, 1-3 (1862)> 
<@imagenotes x=223 y=241 
t=NEPTICULIDAE. 1, \i{}Ectoedema 
atricollis\i0{}: larva (1a), and mined apple 
leaf (1b). 2, \i{}Stigmella myrtillella\i0{}: 
larva (2a), and mined leaves of \i{}Vaccinium 
myrtillus\i0{} (2b and 2b*). 3, \i{}Stigmella 
poterii\i0{}: larva (3a), and a leaf of 
\i{}Poterium sanguisorba\i0{} with several mined 
leaflets (3b). Stainton 7, XI (1862).> 
stai710l.gif <@subject Stainton 7, XI (1862): original legend.> 
stonnept.jpg <@subject Nepticuloidea: Ectoedemia crepusculella and 
Pseudopostega occultella (Stainton)> 
<@imagenotes x=492 y=53 
t=\i{}Pseudopostega crepusculella\i0{} 
(Opostegidae, left), and \i{}Ectoedemia 
occultella \i0{}(Nepticulidae, right). From 
Stainton (1859), with approximate wingspans 
added.> 
nepticst.jpg <@subject Ectoedemia, Nepticula, Stigmella, Trifurcula> 
<@imagenotes x=19 y=905 
t=11a and 11b, \i{}Nepticula hybnerella\i0{}: 
fore- and hind-wings. 11''a,\i{} Ectoedemia 
subbimaculella\i0{}: fore-wing. 11'c, 
\i{}Stigmella aurella\i0{}, head. 12a-12c, 
\i{}Trifurcula immundella\i0{}: fore- and 
hind-wings, and head. 30, \i{}Ectoedemia 
sericopeza\i0{}. From Stainton (1854, Plates 
VIII and IX).> 
staintin.jpg <@subject Stainton's representative 'Tineina'> 
<@imagenotes x=14 y=47 
t=Stainton's TINEINA (Nepticulidae italicised). 
2, Ochsenheimeria birdella; 3, Tinea ganomella; 
4, Eriocrania salopiella; 5, Nemophora 
metallica; 6, Swammerdamia pyrella; 7, 
Yponomeuta sedella; 8, Plutella xylostella; 9, 
Ypsolopha dentella; 10, Agonopterix 
alstroemeriana; 11, Pexicopia malvella; 12, 
Chrysoesthia drurella; 13, Ypsolopha 
parenthesella; 14, Schiffermuelleria grandis; 
15, Scythris grandipennis; 16, Glyphipteryx 
equitella; 17, Heliozela resplendella; 18, 
Argyresthia bonnetella; 19, Caloptilia 
alchimiella; 20, Coleophora lineola; 21, 
Bedellia somnulentella; 22, Cosmopteryx 
lienigiella; 23, Mompha propinquella; 24, 
Elachista gangabella; 25, Elachista 
maculicerusella; 26, Emmetia marginea; 27, 
Phyllonorycter acerifoliella; 28, Phyllonorycter 
stettinensis; 29, Leucoptera malifoliella; 
\i{}30, Ectoedemia sericopeza\i0{}. From 
Stainton (1854, Plate IX).> 
lchnep01.jpg <@subject Ectoedemia occultella> 
<@text x=238 y=867 w=506 h=127 m 
t=E. occultella> 
staint10.jpg <@subject Larvae of 'Tineina' (Stainton)> 
<@imagenotes x=892 y=5 
t=1, OECOPHORIDAE: Diurnea fagella larva, and 
(1a) shown between united birch leaves. 2, 
PSYCHIDIDAE: Taleporia(?) larva, showing cases 
attached to lichen (2a), and a single case 
enlarged. 3, YPONOMEUTIDAE: Ochsenheimeria 
taurella, and (3a) a section of grass stem 
showing the larva in situ. 4, TINEIDAE: Tineola 
bisselliella, with a gallery formed in feathers 
(4a); 4b, a case of Tinea pellionella on a 
feather. 5, INCURVARIIDAE: Incurvaria 
praelatella, with a partially devoured wild 
strawberry leaf (5a), and a case from the 
underside. 6, Incurvaria pectinea, and (6a) the 
larva in its case feeding on a fallen oak leaf. 
7, Lampronia capitella, with (7a) a currant 
shoot withering from the effects of the larva 
feeding in the stem. 8, YPONOMEUTIDAE: 
Swammerdamia pyrella, with (8a) the larva in its 
web between united cherry leaves. 9, 
Yponomeutidae-Plutellinae: Plutella porrectella, 
and (9a) feeding on a Hesperis leaf. 10, 
GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: Orthotelia sparganella, with 
(10a) an eaten stem of Sparganium. 11. 
OECOPHORIDAE: Depressaria sp., with (11a) a leaf 
of Centaurea nigra distorted by its attentions. 
12, GELECHIIDAE: Anacampsis temerella, with 
(12a) a sallow leaf tenanted by it. 13, 
Metzneria aestivella, with (13a) a sectioned 
fruiting head of Carlina showing the feeding 
larva in situ. 14, OECOPHORIDAE: Crassa 
unitella, and (14a) a piece of decayed wood 
burrowed by the larvae. 15, GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: 
Glyphipteryx equitella, with (15a) shoots of 
Sedum acre showing the middle one bleached by 
excavations of the larva. 16, YPONOMEUTIDAE: 
Argyresthia bonnetella, with (16a) hawthorn 
shoots eaten by the larva. 17, GRACILLARIIDAE: 
Caloptilia alchimiella, with (17a) an oak lead 
exhibiting a cone formed by the larva. 18, 
OECOPHORIDAE: Agonopterix angelicella, with 
(18a) its cone on a hawthorn leaf. 19, 
COLEOPHORIDAE: Coleophora follicularis, with 
(19a) a mined leaf of Eupatorium, and (19b) the 
case enlarged. 20, LYONETIIDAE: Bedellia 
somnulentella, with (20a) a mined Convolvulus 
arvensis leaf. 21, EPERMENIIDAE: Epermenia 
chaerophyllellus, with (21a) a portion of 
Anthriscus sylvestris leaf eaten half through by 
it. 22, MOMPHIDAE: Chrysoclista linneella, with 
(22a) a piece of inner bark of lime burrowed by 
it. 23, ELACHISTIDAE: Elachista maculicerusella. 
with (23a) a mined Phragmites leaf blade. 24, 
TISCHERIIDAE: Emmetia marginea, and (24a) a 
mined bramble leaf. 25, GRACILLARIIDAE: 
Phyllonorycter quinnata, with (25a) a mined 
Carpinus leaf. 26, LYONETIIDAE: Leucoptera 
laburnella, with (26a) a mined Laburnum leaf. 
27, Bucculatrix bechsteinella (Bucculatricidae), 
and a hawthorn leaf eaten half through. \i{}28, 
NEPTICULIDAE\i0{}: \i{}Nepticula\i0{} sp., with 
(28a) a mined Potentilla leaf. From Stainton 
(1854, Plate X).> 
meyr851.gif <@subject Nepticula hemargyrella, neuration> 
 
# \i{}Noctuidae\i0{}/ 
plusii02.jpg <@subject Plusiinae: Autographa gamma (Silver Y), A. jota 
(Plain Golden Y), A. pulchrina (Beautiful Golden Y), 
Diachrysia chrysitis (Burnished Brass), Plusia 
festucae (Gold Spot) and Polychrysia moneta (Golden 
Plusia): photos> 
<@imagenotes x=264 y=939 
t=Figs. 1-2, \i{}Autographa gamma\i0{} (Silver 
Y); 3-4, \i{}Autographa pulchrina\i0{} 
(Beautiful Golden Y); 5-6, \i{}Autographa 
jota\i0{} (Plain Golden Y); 7-8, \i{}Polychrysia 
moneta\i0{} (Golden Plusia); 9-10, 
\i{}Diachrysia chrysitis\i0{} (Burnished Brass); 
11-12, \i{}Plusia festucae\i0{} (Gold Spot). 
\par{}\par{}1-2, Cheddleton near Leek, Staffs., 
Sept. 1952; 3-6 and 9-12, Cheddleton, July 1952. 
7-8, Leek, July 1951. From Watsons collection.> 
kirbnoc1.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: Kirby> 
<@imagenotes x=443 y=7 
t=NOCTUINAE. : 8 and 20, Xestia ditrapezium 
(Triple-spotted Clay); 9, Noctua janthe (Lesser 
Broad-border); 10, "Hiria linogrisea", cf. 
Epiplecta; 11, Noctua fimbria (Broad-bordered 
Yellow Underwing); 12, Graphiophora augur 
(Double Dart); 13, Spaelotis ravida (Stout 
Dart); 14, Noctua pronuba (Yellow Underwing); 
15, Noctua orbona (Lunar Yellow Underwing); 16, 
Noctua comes (Lesser Yellow Underwing); 17, 
Xestia triangulum (Double Square Spot); 18, 
Xestia baja (Dotted Clay ); 19, Xestia c-nigrum 
(Setaceous Hebrew Character); 20, Xestia 
ditrapezium (Triple-spotted Clay); 21, Diarsia 
brunnea (Purple Clay); 22, Diarsia mendica 
(Ingrailed Clay); 23, Paradiarsia glareosa 
(Autumnal Rustic); 24, Chersotis multangula; 25, 
Chersotis cuprea; 26, Agrotis ocellina; 27, 
Ochropleura plectra (Flame Shoulder). From Kirby 
34, with names updated.> 
<@text x=8 y=5 w=264 h=98 m 
t=See the separate GENERA OF NOCTUIDAE data set for 
comprehensive illustrations of this family.> 
hump014.jpg <@subject Assorted Noctuidae: Humphreys> 
<@imagenotes x=182 y=15 
t=1 and 2, \i{}Noctua pronuba\i0{} (Large Yellow 
Underwing, and larva); 3 and 4, \i{}Noctua 
fimbriata\i0{} (Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing, 
and larva); 5, \i{}Thalophila matura\i0{} (Straw 
Underwing); 6, \i{}Xestia xanthographa\i0{} 
(Square-spot Rustic); 7, \i{}Rusina 
ferruginea\i0{} (Brown Rustic); 8, \i{}Xestia 
sexstrigata\i0{} (Six-striped Rustic); 9, 
\i{}Cerapteryx graminis\i0{} (The Antler Moth); 
10, \i{}Aporophyla nigra\i0{} (Black Rustic). 
From Humphreys (1860, Plate XIV).> 
hump030.jpg <@subject Assorted Noctuidae-Catocalinae: Humphreys> 
<@imagenotes x=613 y=11 
t=1 and 2, \i{}Mormo maura\i0{} (Old Lady, and 
larva); 3 and 4, \i{}Catocala fraxini\i0{} 
(Clifden Nonpareil, and larva); 5, \i{}Catocala 
nupta\i0{} (Red Underwing); 6, larva of 
\i{}Catocala sponsa\i0{} (Dark Crimson 
Underwing); 9, \i{}Euclidia glyphica\i0{} (Burnet 
Companion); 10 and 11, \i{}Callistege mi\i0{} 
(Mother Shipton, and larva). 7 and 8, 
\i{}Archiearis parthenias\i0{} (Orange Underwing, 
and larva: Geometridae). From Humphreys (1860, 
Plate XXX).> 
newmyth1.jpg <@subject Wainscots (Noctuidae-Hadeninae: Newman)> 
<@imagenotes x=233 y=13 
t=MYTHIMNA: 438, \i{}Mythimna conigera\i0{} 
(Brown-line Bright-eye); 439, \i{}M. 
vitellina\i0{} (The Delicate); 440, \i{}M. 
turca\i0{} (The Double-line); 441, \i{}M. 
ferrago\i0{} (The Clay); 442, \i{}M. 
unipuncta\i0{} (American Wainscot); 443, \i{}M. 
obsoleta\i0{} (Obscure Wainscot); 444, \i{}M. 
loreyi\i0{} (The Cosmopolitan); 445,\i{} M. 
litoralis\i0{} (Shore Wainscot); 446,\i{} M. 
pudorina\i0{} (Striped Wainscot); 447, \i{}M. 
comma\i0{} (Shoulder-striped Wainscot); 448, 
\i{}M. putrescens\i0{} (Devonshire Wainscot); 
449, \i{}M. straminea\i0{} (Southern Wainscot); 
450, \i{}M. impura impura\i0{} (Smoky Wainscot); 
451, \i{}M. pallens\i0{} (Common Wainscot). 
SENTA: 452(a) and (b), \i{}Senta flammea\i0{} 
(Flame Wainscot). From Newman (1867).> 
leech011.jpg <@subject Herminiinae, Hypeninae and Rivulinae (Snout, 
Fan-foot, etc.> 
<@imagenotes x=469 y=30 
t=NOCTUIDAE-RIVULINAE. 1. \i{}Colobochyla 
salicalis\i0{} (Lesser Belle). 9, \i{}Rivula 
sericealis\i0{}(Straw Dot). HYPENINAE. 2, 
\i{}Hypena proboscidalis\i0{} (Snout); 3, 
\i{}Hypena rostralis\i0{} (Buttoned Snout); 4, 
\i{}Hypena crassalis\i0{} (Beautiful Snout. 4, 
\i{}Schrankia taenialis\i0{} (White-line Snout); 
6, \i{}Schrankia costaestrigalis\i0{} 
(Pinion-streaked Snout). 7, \i{}Hypenodes 
humidalis\i0{} (Marsh Oblique-barred). 
HERMINIINAE. 8, \i{}Trisateles emortualis\i0{} 
(Olive Crescent). 10, \i{}Paracolax 
tristalis\i0{} (Clay Fan-foot). 11, 
\i{}Polypogon\i0{} (\i{}Pechipogo\i0{}) 
\i{}strigulata\i0{} (Common Fan-foot). 12, 
\i{}Polypogon\i0{} (\i{}Zanclognatha\i0{}) 
\i{}tarsipennalis\i0{} (The Fan-foot). Leech, 
1886.> 
kirbyhyp.jpg <@subject Ophiderinae and Hypeninae: Kirby 44> 
<@imagenotes x=870 y=20 
t=OPHIDERINAE. 1, Laspeyria flexula (Beautiful 
Hook-tip); 2, Parascotia fuliginaria (Waved 
Black); 5, Colobochyla salicalis (Lesser Belle). 
HYPENINAE. \i{}3, Herminia grisealis (Small 
Fan-foot)\i0{}; \i{}4, Herminia tarsicrinalis 
(Fan-foot)\i0{}; 6, Polypogon tentacularia; 7, 
Pechipogo strigilata (Common Fan-foot); 8, 
Hypena crassalis (Beautiful Snout); 9, Hypena 
proboscidalis (Snout); 10, Hypena obesalis 
(Paignton Snout). From Kirby.> 
kirby043.jpg <@subject Ophiderinae and Catocalinae: Kirby> 
<@imagenotes x=886 y=281 
t=OPHIDERINAE. 1. \i{}Catephia alchymista\i0{} 
(The Alchymist); 11 and 12, \i{}Lygephila\i0{} 
pastinum (The Blackneck); 13, \i{}Lygephila 
craccae\i0{} (Scarce Blackneck). CATOCALINAE. 2. 
\i{}Catocala fraxinae\i0{} (Clifden Nonpareil); 
4, \i{}Catocala nupta\i0{} (Red Underwing); 5, 
\i{}Catocala sponsa \i0{}(Dark Crimson 
Underwing); 6, \i{}Catocala promissa\i0{} (Light 
Crimson Underwing); 7, \i{}Catocala electa\i0{} 
(Rosy Underwing). From Kirby 43.> 
newmacr1.jpg <@subject Noctuidae-Acronictinae: Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=614 y=128 
t=1, \i{}Moma alpium\i0{} (Scarce 
Merveille-du-jour); 2, \i{}Acronicta 
megacephala\i0{} (Poplar Grey); 3, \i{}Acronicta 
aceris\i0{} (The Sycamore: 1b representing a 
dark var.); 4, \i{}Acronicta leporina\i0{} (The 
Miller); 5, \i{}Acronicta alni\i0{} (The Alder); 
6, \i{}Acronicta tridens\i0{} (Dark Dagger, 6a 
representing the typical form); 7, \i{}Acronicta 
psi\i0{} (Grey Dagger); 8, \i{}Acronicta 
strigosa\i0{} (Marsh Dagger); 9, \i{}Acronicata 
menyanthidis\i0{} (Light Knot-Grass, a and b 
representing the typical form); 10, 
\i{}Acronicta auricoma\i0{} (Scarce Dagger); 11, 
\i{}Acronicta euphorbiae myricae\i0{} (Sweet 
Gale Moth); 12, \i{}Acronicta rumicis\i0{} (The 
Knot-Grass); 13, \i{}Simyra albovenosa\i0{} 
(Powdered Wainscot); 14, \i{}Craniophora 
ligustri\i0{} (The Coronet); 15, \i{}Cryphia 
algae\i0{} (Tree-lichen Beauty); 16, \i{}Cryphia 
domestica\i0{} (Marbled beauty); 17, \i{}Cryphia 
muralis\i0{} (Marbled Green). From Newman 
(1869).> 
bent117.jpg <@subject Hadeninae: Panolis flammea (Pine-destroying 
Noctua, 
Pine Beauty. B. Ent. 117)> 
text1171.gif <@subject Panolis flammea: B. Ent. 117, legend+text> 
text1172.gif <@subject Panolis flammea: B. Ent. 117, text cont.> 
bent136.jpg <@subject Acronictinae: Acronicta rumicis (Knot-grass: B. 
Ent. 
136)> 
text1361.gif <@subject Acronicta rumicis: (B. Ent. 136, legend+text> 
text1362.gif <@subject Acronicta rumicis: B. Ent. 136, text cont.> 
bent404.jpg <@subject Acronictinae: Moma alpium (Scarce 
Merveille-du-jour: 
B. Ent. 404)> 
text4041.gif <@subject Moma alpium: B. Ent. 404, legend+text)> 
text4042.gif <@subject Moma alpium: B. Ent. 404, legend+text)> 
bent165.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: Agrotis cinerea (Light Feathered 
Rustic: 
B. Ent. 165)> 
text1651.gif <@subject Noctuinae: Agrotis cinerea: B. Ent. 165, 
legend+text> 
text1652.gif <@subject Noctuinae: Agrotis cinerea: B. Ent. 165, text 
cont.> 
bent539.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: Actebia praecox (Portland Moth, 
Portland 
Dart: B. Ent. 539)> 
text5391.gif <@subject Actebia praecox: B. Ent. 539, legend+text> 
text5392.gif <@subject Actebia praecox: B. Ent. 539, text cont.> 
bent248.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: Eurois occulta (Great Brocade: B. Ent. 
248)> 
text2481.gif <@subject Eurois occulta: B. Ent. 248, legend+text> 
text2482.gif <@subject Eurois occulta: B. Ent. 248, text cont.> 
bent348.jpg <@subject Noctuinae: Noctua comes ab. curtisii (Bute Yellow 
Underwing, Lesser Yellow Underwing variety: B. Ent. 
348)> 
text3481.gif <@subject Noctuinae: Noctua comes ab. curtisii: B. Ent. 
348. 
legend+text> 
text3482.gif <@subject Noctuinae: Noctua comes ab. curtisii: B. Ent. 
348. 
text cont.> 
bent145.jpg <@subject Hadeninae: Anarta myrtilli (Beautiful Yellow 
Underwing: B. Ent. 145)> 
text1451.gif <@subject Anarta myrtilli: B. Ent. 145, legend+text> 
text1452.gif <@subject Anarta myrtilli: B. Ent. 145, text cont.> 
bent157.jpg <@subject Hadeninae: Mythimna litoralis (Curtis): Shore 
Wainscot: B. Ent. 157> 
text157.gif <@subject Mythimna litoralis (B. Ent. 157, legend+text)> 
text1571.gif <@subject Mythimna litoralis (B. Ent. 157, text cont.)> 
bent451.jpg <@subject Hadeninae: Cerapteryx graminis Linn. ab. 
hibernicus 
Curtis (Original generic description. Antler: B. Ent. 
451)> 
text451.gif <@subject Cerapteryx graminis Linn. ab. hibernicus Curtis 
(B. 
Ent. 451, legend+text)> 
text4511.gif <@subject Cerapteryx graminis Linn. ab. hibernicus Curtis 
(B. 
Ent. 451, text cont.)> 
bent308.jpg <@subject Hadeninae: Hadena rivularis (Campion: B. Ent. 
308)> 
text3081.gif <@subject Hadeninae: Hadena rivularis: B. Ent. 308, 
legend+text> 
text3082.gif <@subject Hadeninae: Hadena rivularis: B. Ent. 308, text 
cont.> 
bent201.jpg <@subject Hadeninae: Mythimna flammea (Curtis): Flame 
Wainscot: B. Ent. 201> 
text2011.gif <@subject Mythimna flammea: B. Ent. 201, legend+text> 
text2012.gif <@subject Mythimna flammea: B. Ent. 201, text cont.> 
bent045.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae: Cucullia asteris (Star-wort Shark: B.
Ent. 45)> 
text0451.gif <@subject Cucullia asteris: B. Ent. 45, legend> 
bent260.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae: Celaena haworthii (Curtis): Haworth's
Minor: B. Ent. 260> 
text2601.gif <@subject Celaena haworthii (B. Ent. 260, legend+text)> 
text2602.gif <@subject Celaena haworthii (B. Ent. 260, text cont.)> 
bent252.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae: Hydraecia micacea (Rosy Rustic, Rosy 
Ear: B. Ent. 252)> 
text2521.gif <@subject Hydraecia micacea: B. Ent. 252, legend+text> 
text2522.gif <@subject Hydraecia micacea: B. Ent. 252, text cont.> 
bent177.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae: Meganephria bimaculosa (Double-spot 
Brocade: B. Ent. 177)> 
text1771.gif <@subject Meganephria bimaculosa: B. Ent. 177, legend+text>
text1772.gif <@subject Meganephria bimaculosa: B. Ent. 177, text cont.> 
bent237.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae: Omphaloscelis lunosa (Lunar 
Underwing: 
B. Ent. 237)> 
text2371.gif <@subject Omphaloscelis lunosa: B. Ent. 237, legend+text> 
text2372.gif <@subject Omphaloscelis lunosa: B. Ent. 237, text cont.> 
bent431.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae: Trachea atriplicis (Orache, Orache 
Brocade: B. Ent. 431)> 
text4311.gif <@subject Trachea atriplicis: B. Ent. 431, legend+text> 
text4312.gif <@subject Trachea atriplicis: B. Ent. 431, text cont.> 
bent084.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae: Atethmia centrago (Centre-barred 
Sallow: B. Ent. 84)> 
text0841.gif <@subject Atethmia centrago: B. Ent. 84, legend> 
bent256.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae: Xylena exsoleta (Large Sword-Grass, 
Cloudy Sword-grass: B. Ent. 256)> 
bent268.jpg <@subject Cuculliinae: Conistra ligula ab. subnigra (Dark 
Chestnut: B. Ent. 268)> 
text2681.gif <@subject Conistra ligula ab. subnigra: B. Ent. 268, 
legend+text> 
text2682.gif <@subject Conistra ligula ab. subnigra: B. Ent. 268, text 
cont.> 
bent076.jpg <@subject Heliothidinae: Periphanes delphinii 
(Pease-blossom: 
B. Ent. 76)> 
text0761.gif <@subject Periphanes delphinii: B. Ent. 76, legend> 
bent217.jpg <@subject Catocalinae: Catocala nupta (Red Underwing: B. 
Ent. 
217)> 
text2171.gif <@subject Catocalinae: Catocala nupta: B. Ent. 217, 
legend+text> 
text2172.gif <@subject Catocalinae: Catocala nupta: B. Ent. 217, text 
cont.> 
bent276.jpg <@subject Acontiinae: Acontia nitidula (Brixton Beauty Moth:
alien, B. Ent. 276)> 
text2761.gif <@subject Acontia nitidula: B. Ent. 276, legend+text> 
text2762.gif <@subject Acontia nitidula: B. Ent. 276, text cont.)> 
bent356.jpg <@subject Acontiinae: Protodeltote pygarga (Marbled 
White-spot: B. Ent. 356)> 
text3561.gif <@subject Protodeltote pygarga: B. Ent. 356, legend+text> 
text3562.gif <@subject Protodeltote pygarga: B. Ent. 356, text cont.> 
bent140.jpg <@subject Acontiinae: Eublemma ostrina (Purple Marbled: B. 
Ent. 140)> 
text1401.gif <@subject Eublemma ostrina: B. Ent. 140, legend+text> 
text1402.gif <@subject Eublemma ostrina: B. Ent. 140, text cont.> 
bent475.jpg <@subject Ophiderinae: Lygephila pastinum (Black-neck: B. 
Ent. 
475)> 
text4751.gif <@subject Lygephila pastinum: B. Ent. 475, legend+text> 
text4752.gif <@subject Lygephila pastinum: B. Ent. 475, text cont.> 
bent288.jpg <@subject Hypeninae: Hypena crassalis (Beautiful Snout: B. 
Ent. 288)> 
text2881.gif <@subject Hypeninae: Hypena crassalis: B. Ent. 288, 
legend+text> 
text2882.gif <@subject Hypeninae: Hypena crassalis: B. Ent. 288, text 
cont.> 
bent527.jpg <@subject Hypeninae: Macrochilo cribrumalis (Dotted 
Fan-foot: 
B. Ent. 527)> 
text5271.gif <@subject Macrochilo cribrumalis: B. Ent. 527, legend+text>
text5272.gif <@subject Macrochilo cribrumalis: B. Ent. 527, text cont.> 
bent575.jpg <@subject Chloephorinae: Bena bicolorana (Scarce Silver 
Lines: B. Ent. 575)> 
text5751.gif <@subject Bena bicolorana: B. Ent. 575, legend+text> 
text5752.gif <@subject Bena bicolorana: B. Ent. 575, text cont.> 
kirbychl.jpg <@subject B. bicolorana (Scarce Silver-lines) and other 
Chloephorinae: Kirby> 
<@imagenotes x=816 y=914 
t=21, Earias clorana (Cream-bordered Pea); 22, 
Pseudoips prasinana prasinana (Green 
Silver-lines); \i{}23a-c, Bena bicolorana 
(Scarce Silver-lines)\i0{}. From Kirby 22.> 
text5752.gif <@subject Pseudoips prasinana: B. Ent. 575, text cont.> 
bent029.jpg <@subject Sarrothripinae: Nycteola revayana var. ramosana 
(Oak 
Nycteoline: B. Ent. 29)> 
text0291.gif <@subject Nycteola revayana var. ramosana: B. Ent. 29, 
legend+text> 
text0292.gif <@subject Nycteola revayana var. ramosana: B. Ent. 29, text
cont.> 
alloph01.jpg <@subject Allophyes oxyacanthae, light and melanic 
(photos)> 
<@imagenotes x=855 y=935 
t=5-6, Green-Brindled Crescent, (\i{}Allophyes 
oxyacanthae\i0{}), photos. \par{}\par{}Specimens 
collected at light in 1951 in mixed deciduous 
woodland near Leek, N. Staffs. Melanic and 
normal individuals were both common, in 
habitats ostensibly "rural", but about 10 and 30 
miles miles from the heavily industrial regions 
of Stoke-on-Trent and Manchester, respectively. 
The species is thought to exemplify industrial 
melanism superimposed on pre-existing rural 
melanism. From Watsons collection.> 
apamea03.jpg <@subject Apamea monoglypha and A. crenata: light and 
melanic 
(photos)> 
<@imagenotes x=908 y=29 
t=1-2, Dark Arches (\i{}Apamea monoglypha\i0{}); 
3-4, Clouded-bordered Brindle (\i{}Apamea 
crenata\i0{}). \par{}\par{}Specimens attracted 
to light in mixed deciduous woodland and urban 
habitats near Leek, N. Staffs. Light and melanic 
individuals of both species were abundant in the 
decade 1948-1958, in habitats ostensibly 
"rural", but about 10 and 30 miles miles from 
the heavily industrial regions of Stoke-on-Trent 
and Manchester, respectively. Both species seem 
to reflect drift from pre-existing rural 
melanism to industrial melanism in polluted 
environments. From Watsons collection (1953).> 
messec01.jpg <@subject Mesapamea secalis (Common Rustic, light and 
melanic: photos)> 
<@imagenotes x=829 y=917 
t=\i{}Mesapamea secalis\i0{} (Common Rustic), 
normal and melanic examples. The species 
exhibits relatively infrequent rural 
(non-industrial) melanism in natural habitats, 
seemingly with increased proportions of melanics 
in industrialised regions. Light and dark forms 
were encountered with about equal frequency 
around Leek (N. Staffs., in seemingly rural 
habitats about 10 and 30 miles respectively from 
heavily industrialised Stoke-on-Trent and 
Manchester) in the decade 1949-1959, when these 
examples were collected. \par{}\par{}From 
Watson's collection.> 
polneb02.jpg <@subject Polia nebulosa (Grey Arches, light and melanic: 
photos)> 
<@imagenotes x=905 y=33 
t=\i{}Polia nebulosa\i0{} (Grey Arches): Females 
(1 and 3) and males of light and melanic forms 
of a species exhibiting industrial melanism (cf. 
Ford, 1955). The two specimens of the latter (3 
and 4) typify the material collected in the Leek 
district (N. Staffs.) during the decade 
1948-1958, when the adult moths were mainly 
found at rest on walls of buildings during the 
day. Habitat rural, but within 10 and 30 miles 
respectively of heavily industrialised 
Stoke-on-Trent and Manchester. \par{}\par{}1, 
Millbrook (June 1930, F. Boddington); 2, 
Folkestone, Kent (June 1908, R.A. Nichols); 3 
and 4, Cheddleton near Leek, Staffs. (July 1949, 
L. Watson). From Watson's collection.> 
noctua03.jpg <@subject Light and melanic forms of Noctua pronuba and N. 
fimbriata, with N. janthe, N. comes and N. iterjecta 
(Yellow Underwings, photos)> 
<@imagenotes x=522 y=936 
t=Figs. 1-4, \i{}Noctua pronuba\i0{} (Large 
Yellow Underwing); 5-6, \i{}Noctua 
fimbriata\i0{} (Broad-bordered Yellow 
Underwing); 7, \i{}Noctua janthe\i0{} (Lesser 
Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing); 8-9, 
\i{}Noctua comes\i0{} (Lesser Yellow Underwing); 
10, \i{}Noctua interjecta\i0{} (Least Yellow 
Underwing). \par{}\par{}Figs 1-6 probably 
exemplify a drift to industrial melanism in 
polluted environments \i{}N. pronuba\i0{}, and 
perhaps in \i{}N. fimbriata\i0{}, from 
pre-existing rural melanism of the apostatic 
kind. \par{}\par{}Specimens: 1-9, Leek, Staffs., 
1948-1958 (L. Watson); 10, Folkstone, Kent, 1908 
(R.A. Nichols). From Watson's collection.> 
agrexc01.jpg <@subject Light and melanic forms of Agrotis exclamationis 
(Heart and Dart: photos)> 
<@imagenotes x=840 y=24 
t=\i{}Agrotis exclamationis\i0{} (Heart and 
Dart), male (above) and female. The dark 
variants may represent rural (non-industrial) 
melanism, being commonly encountered in both 
males and females in "natural" as well as 
polluted habitats. \par{}\par{}Leek, N. Staffs., 
1952. From Watsons collection.> 
dpon0071.jpg <@subject Larvae: Acronicta megacephala, Acronicta rumicis 
(Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=853 y=891 
t=Noctuidae. 1, \i{}Acronicta megacephala\i0{} 
(Poplar Grey). 2, \i{}Acronicta rumicis\i0{} 
(Knot-grass). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.> 
dpon0081.jpg <@subject Larvae, pupa: Catocala electa, Catocala fraxini 
(Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=24 y=36 
t=Noctuidae. 1, \i{}Catocala fraxini\i0{} 
(Clifden Nonpareil). 2, \i{}Catocala electa\i0{} 
(Rosy Underwing). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.> 
dpon051.jpg <@subject Larvae, pupae: Hadena albimacula, Hadena bicruris,
Hadena confusa (Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=72 y=61 
t=Noctuidae. 1, \i{}Hadena bicruris\i0{} 
(Lychnis). 2, \i{}Hadena confusa\i0{} (Marbled 
Coronet). 3, \i{}Hadena albimacula\i0{} (White 
Spot). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.> 
dpon0121.jpg <@subject Larvae, pupa: Noctua fimbriata, Noctua pronuba 
(Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=37 y=25 
t=Noctuidae. 1, \i{}Noctua pronuba\i0{} (Large 
Yellow Underwing). 2, \i{}Noctua fimbriata\i0{} 
(Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing). Duponchel and 
Gune, 1849.> 
lchnoc01.gif <@subject Neuration: Hadeninae (Mamestra brassicae)> 
nocneu01.gif <@subject Neuration: Chloephorinae, Hypeninae, Ophiderinae>
 
# \i{}Nolidae\i0{}/ 
newmnol.jpg <@subject Meganola and Nola: Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=433 y=460 
t=1, \i{}Nola cucullatella\i0{} (Short-cloaked 
Moth); 2, \i{}Nola confusalis\i0{} (Least Black 
Arches); 3, \i{}Nola aerugula\i0{} (Scarce Black 
Arches); 4, \i{}Meganola strigula\i0{} (Small 
Black Arches). From Newman, 1869> 
bent428.jpg <@subject Meganola strigula (Small Black Arches: B. Ent. 
428)> 
text428.gif <@subject Meganola strigula (legend+text: B. Ent. 428)> 
text4281.gif <@subject Meganola strigula (text, cont.: B. Ent. 428)> 
hbvii021.jpg <@subject Nycteola degenarana, N. revayana, N. siculana: 
Hbner VII, 1796> 
<@imagenotes x=60 y=834 
t=Nolidae. 6, Nycteola siculana (dilutana 
Hubner); 7, 9 and 10, Nycteola revayana 
(undulana Hubner, punctana Hubner and ramosana 
Hubner, respectively); 8, Nycteola degenerana 
(Hubner). From Hubner VII Plate 2, with updated 
names. See accompanying document for details.> 
kirbynol.jpg <@subject Nola cucullatella (24) and Meganola strigula: 
Kirby 
22 (part)> 
lchnol01.gif <@subject Nola confusalis: neuration> 
 
# \i{}Notodontidae\i0{}/ 
newmnot1.jpg <@subject Larger Notodontidae and Kittens: Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=871 y=945 
t=1, \i{}Phalera bucephala\i0{} (Buff Tip); 
2a-b, \i{}Cerura vinula\i0{} (Puss Moth, male 
and female); 3a-b, \i{}Stauropus fagi\i0{} 
(Lobster Moth, female and male); 4, \i{}Furcula 
furcula\i0{} (Sallow Kitten); 5, \i{}Furcula 
bicuspis\i0{} (Alder Kitten); 6, \i{}Furcula 
bifida\i0{} (Poplar Kitten). From Newman, 1869.> 
newmnot2.jpg <@subject Prominents (1): Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=435 y=604 
t=1a-b, \i{}Notodonta dromedarius\i0{} (Iron 
Prominent, male and female); 2, \i{}Notodonta 
tritophus\i0{} (Three Humped Prominent); 3, 
\i{}Peridea anceps\i0{} (Great Prominent); 4a-b, 
\i{}Notodonta ziczac\i0{} (Pebble Prominent, 
female and male); 5, \i{}Pheosia gnoma\i0{} 
(Lesser Swallow Prominent); 6, \i{}Pheosia 
tremula\i0{} (Swallow Prominent). From Newman, 
1869.> 
newmnot3.jpg <@subject Prominents (2): Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=476 y=629 
t=1, \i{}Ptilodon capucina\i0{} (Coxcomb 
Prominent); 2, \i{}Ptilodon cucullina\i0{} 
(Maple Prominent); 3, \i{}Odontosia 
carmelita\i0{} (Scarce Prominent); 4, 
\i{}Pterosoma palpina\i0{} (Pale Prominent); 5, 
\i{}Leucodonta bicoloria\i0{} (White Prominent); 
6a-b, \i{}Ptilophora plumigera\i0{} (Plumed 
Prominent, female and male). From Newman, 1869.> 
newmnot4.jpg <@subject Marbled Browns, Chocolate Tips, Figure of 
Eight: Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=793 y=931 
t=1a-b, \i{}Gluphisia crenata\i0{} (Dusky 
Marbled Brown, male and female); 2, \i{}Drymonia 
dodonaea\i0{} (Marbled Brown); 3, \i{}Drymonia 
ruficornis\i0{} (Lunar Marbled Brown); 4a-b, 
\i{}Clostera pigra\i0{} (Small Chocolate-tip, 
male and female); 5, \i{}Clostera 
anachoreta\i0{} (Scarce Chocolate-tip); 6, 
\i{}Clostera curtula\i0{} (Chocolate-tip); 7, 
\i{}Diloba caeruleocephala\i0{} (Figure of 
Eight). From Newman, 1869.> 
cusplarv.jpg <@subject Larvae of Drepanidae and Notodontidae: Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=12 y=15 
t=DREPANIDAE: 1, \i{}Sabra harpagul\i0{}a 
(Scarce Hook-tip); 2, \i{}Cilix glaucata\i0{} 
(Chinese Character). NOTODONTIDAE: 3, 
\i{}Furcula furcula\i0{} (Sallow Kitten); 4, 
\i{}Furcula bicuspis\i0{} (Alder Kitten); 5, 
\i{}Furcula bifida\i0{} (Poplar Kitten); 6, 
\i{}Cerura vinula\i0{} (Puss Moth); 7, 
"\i{}Hoplitis terrifica\i0{}" (exotic); 8, 
\i{}Stauropus fagi\i0{} (Lobster Moth); 9, 
\i{}Ptilodon capucina\i0{} (Coxcomb Prominent); 
10, \i{}Leucodon bicolor\i0{} (White Prominent); 
11, \i{}Ptilodon cucullina\i0{} (Maple 
Prominent); 12, \i{}Notodonta ziczac\i0{} 
(Pebble Prominent); 13, \i{}Notodonta 
tritopus\i0{} (Three Humped Prominent). From 
Newman, 1869.> 
bent7151.jpg <@subject Clostera anachoreta (Scarce Chocolate-tip): B. 
Ent. 
715> 
text7151.gif <@subject Clostera anachoreta: B. Ent. 715, legend+text> 
text7152.gif <@subject Clostera anachoreta: B. Ent. 715, text cont.> 
step0161.jpg <@subject Clostera pigra (Small Chocolate-tip): Stephens 
II, 
1830> 
bent7551.jpg <@subject Drymonia dodonaea (Marbled Brown, or Kitten 
Likeness): B. Ent. 755> 
text7551.gif <@subject Drymonia dodonaea: B. Ent. 755, legend+text> 
text7552.gif <@subject Drymonia dodonaea: B. Ent. 755, text cont.> 
bent193.jpg <@subject Furcula bifida (Poplar Kitten: B. Ent. 193)> 
text193.gif <@subject Furcula bifida (legend+text: B. Ent. 193)> 
text1931.gif <@subject Furcula bifida (text, cont.: B. Ent. 193)> 
bent7391.jpg <@subject Notodonta dromedarius (Iron Prominent): B. Ent. 
739> 
text7391.gif <@subject Notodonta dromedarius: B. Ent. 739, legend+text> 
text7392.gif <@subject Notodonta dromedarius: B. Ent. 739, text cont.> 
bent328.jpg <@subject Ptilophora plumigera (Plumed Prominent: B. Ent. 
328)> 
text3281.gif <@subject Ptilophora plumigera: B. Ent. 328, legend+text> 
text3282.gif <@subject Ptilophora plumigera: B. Ent. 328, text cont.> 
step0140.jpg <@subject Notodonta dromedarius, Odontonia carmelita, 
Ptilophora plumigera: Stephens II, 1830> 
bent530.jpg <@subject Phalera bucephala (Buff-tip: B. Ent. 530)> 
text5301.gif <@subject Phalera bucephala: B. Ent. 530, legend+text> 
text5302.gif <@subject Phalera bucephala: B. Ent. 530, text cont.> 
bent6741.jpg <@subject Stauropus fagi (Lobster Moth): B. Ent. 674> 
text6741.gif <@subject Stauropus fagi: B. Ent. 674, legend+text> 
text6742.gif <@subject Stauropus fagi: B. Ent. 674, text cont.> 
bent336.jpg <@subject Thaumetopoeinae. Trichiocercus sparshalli 
(Curtis): 
Long-tailed Bombyx: B. Ent. 336> 
text336.gif <@subject Trichiocercus sparshalli (B. Ent. 336, 
legend+text)> 
<@imagenotes x=25 y=15 
t=Part of the intriguing story behind Curtis's 
publication of this, the original description of 
an Australian moth, and his assignment to it of 
the specific epithet \i{}sparshalli\i0{}, is 
provided on the next page. See further discussion 
in the introduction to Curtis's British 
Entomology, attached to this package and 
accessible via the 'Introduction' button in the 
main toolbar.> 
text3361.gif <@subject Trichiocercus sparshalli (B. Ent. 336, text 
cont.)> 
nod967.jpg <@subject Cerura vinula (Puss Moth: Shaw and Nodder, about 
1812)> 
nodt967.gif <@subject Cerura vinula (Puss Moth: Shaw and Nodder, text)> 
kirby032.jpg <@subject 12 genera ("Prominents", "Chocolate-tips", "Buff 
Tip"): Kirby 32> 
<@imagenotes x=248 y=4 
t=NOTODONTIDAE. British species: 1, 
\i{}Notodonta ziczac\i0{} (Pebble Prominent); 2, 
\i{}Notodonta tritophus\i0{} (Three Humped 
Prominent); 3, \i{}Peridea anceps\i0{} (Great 
Prominent); 5, \i{}Notodonta dromedarius\i0{} 
(Iron Prominent); 6, \i{}Drymonia 
ruficornis\i0{} (Lunar Marbled Brown); 7, 
\i{}Drymonia dodonaea\i0{} (Marbled Brown); 8, 
\i{}Leucodonta bicolora\i0{} (White Prominent); 
10, \i{}Odontosia carmelita\i0{} (Scarce 
Prominent); 11, \i{}Ptilodon carmelina\i0{} 
(Coxcomb Prominent); 12, \i{}Ptilodon 
cucullina\i0{} (Maple Prominent); 13, 
\i{}Pterostoma palpina\i0{}(Pale Prominent); 16, 
\i{}Ptilophora plumigera\i0{} (Plumed 
Prominent); 17, \i{}Phalera bucephala\i0{} (Buff 
Tip); 18 and 21, \i{}Clostera pigra\i0{} (Small 
Chocolate-tip); 19, \i{}Clostera curtula\i0{} 
(Chocolate-tip); 20, \i{}Clostera 
anachoreta\i0{} (Scarce Chocolate-tip). Mainland 
European species: 4, \i{}Notodonta 
tritophus\i0{}; 9, \i{}Spatalia argentina\i0{}; 
14, \i{}Drymonia velitaris\i0{}; 15, 
\i{}Drymonia melagona\i0{}.> 
kirbnot1.jpg <@subject Furcula, Stauropus (Kittens and Lobster): Kirby 
31 
(part)> 
<@imagenotes x=673 y=905 
t=8, \i{}Furcula bicuspis\i0{} (Dark Barred 
Kitten); 9, \i{}Furcula bifida\i0{} (Barred 
Kitten); 12, \i{}Stauropus fagi\i0{} 
(Lobster-moth.> 
kirbnot2.jpg <@subject Cerura, Harpyia, Pheosia (Puss moth, Swallow 
Prominents): Kirby 31 (part)> 
<@imagenotes x=11 y=886 
t=11, \i{}Cerura vinula\i0{} (Puss-moth); 14, 
\i{}Harpyia milhauseri\i0{} (Tawny Prominent); 
15, \i{}Pheosia tremula\i0{} (Swallow 
Prominent); 16, \i{}Pheosia gnoma\i0{} (Lesser 
Swallow Prominent). From Kirby 31.> 
kirbnot3.jpg <@subject Thaumatopoea (Processionary Moths): Kirby 33 
(part)> 
<@imagenotes x=885 y=154 
t=THAUMETOPOEINAE. 1, \i{}Thaumetopoea 
processionea\i0{} (Processionary Moth); 2, 
\i{}Thaumetopoea pityocampa\i0{} (Pine 
Processionary Moth).> 
dpon0481.jpg <@subject Larvae: Clostera anacoreta, Clostera curtula 
(Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=42 y=58 
t=Notodontidae. 2, \i{}Clostera curtula\i0{} 
(Chocolate-tip). 3, \i{}Clostera 
anachoreta\i0{}. (Scarce Chocolate-tip) 
Duponchel and Gune, 1849.> 
dpon0041.jpg <@subject Larvae: Notodonta ziczac, Pheosia gnoma, Pheosia 
tremula (Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=34 y=26 
t=Notodontidae. 1, \i{}Notodonta ziczac\i0{} 
(Pebble Prominent). 2, \i{}Pheosia tremula\i0{} 
(Swallow Prominent). 3, \i{}Pheosia gnoma\i0{} 
(Lesser Swallow Prominent). Duponchel and 
Gune, 1849.> 
dpon0051.jpg <@subject Larvae: Gluphisia crenata, Philophora plumigera 
(Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=34 y=26 
t=Notodontidae. 1, \i{}Gluphisia crenata\i0{} 
(Dusky Marbled Brown). 2, \i{}Ptilophora 
plumigera\i0{} (Plumed Prominent). Duponchel and 
Gune, 1849.> 
dpon0231.jpg <@subject Larva and cocoon: Cerura vinula (Duponchel, 
1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=34 y=26 
t=Notodontidae. \i{}Cerura vinula\i0{} (Puss 
Moth). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.> 
dpon0241.jpg <@subject Larva: Furcula bicuspis (Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=64 y=48 
t=Notodontidae. \i{}Furcula bicuspis\i0{} (Alder 
Kitten). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.> 
dpon0491.jpg <@subject Larvae and pupa: Phalera bucephala (Duponchel, 
1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=846 y=48 
t=Notodontidae. \i{}Phalera bucephala\i0{} 
(Buff-tip). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.> 
dpon0251.jpg <@subject Larvae: Pheosia tremula, Pterostoma palpina, 
Ptilodon capucina (Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=27 y=32 
t=Notodontidae. 1, \i{}Pterostoma palpina\i0{} 
(Pale Prominent). 2, \i{}Pheosia tremula\i0{} 
(Swallow Prominent). 3, \i{}Ptilodon 
capucina\i0{} (Coxcomb Prominent). Duponchel and 
Gune, 1849.> 
dpon0281.jpg <@subject Larva, pupa, cocoon: Stauropus fagi (Duponchel, 
1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=34 y=26 
t=Notodontidae. \i{}Stauropus fagi\i0{} (Lobster 
Moth). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.> 
notneu01.gif <@subject neuration: Notodonta, Cerura> 
 
# \i{}Nymphalidae\i0{}/ 
newmfri1.jpg <@subject The larger Fritillaries (1): Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=5 y=908 
t=1a-c, \i{}Argynnis paphia\i0{} (Silver-washed 
Fritillary male, female and female under-side); 
1d, Argynnis paphia var. valezina; 1e, 
\i{}Argynnis paphia\i0{} var.; 2a-b, \i{}Issoria 
lathonia\i0{} (Queen of Spain Fritillary, female 
upper- and under-sides). From Newman, 1871.> 
newmfri2.jpg <@subject The larger Fritillaries (2): Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=456 y=950 
t=1a-b, \i{}Argynnis aglaja\i0{} (Dark Green 
Fritillary, female upper-side and male 
under-side); 1c, \i{}Argynnis aglaja\i0{} 
(under-side of female, var. \i{}charlotta\i0{}); 
2a-c, \i{}Argynnis adippe\i0{} (High Brown 
Fritillary, male, female and under-side of 
male); 3a-b, \i{}Argynnis niobe\i0{} (Niobe 
female, upper and under-sides). From Newman, 
1871.> 
swfrit01.jpg <@subject Argynnis paphia (Silver-washed Fritillary): Giles
Watson, photos> 
<@imagenotes x=459 y=100 
t=\i{}Argynnis paphia\i0{} (Silver-washed 
Fritillary). Uffington, Oxon, July 2007. Giles 
Watson.> 
newmfri3.jpg <@subject The smaller Fritillaries: Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=288 y=953 
t=1a-b, \i{}Boloria selene\i0{} (Small 
Pearl-bordered Fritillary, upper- and 
under-sides); 2a-b, \i{}Boloria euphrosyne\i0{} 
(Pearl-bordered Fritillary, upper- and 
under-sides); 3a-b, \i{}Euphydryas aurinia\i0{} 
(Greasy or Marsh Fritillary, upper- and 
under-sides); 4a, \i{}Melitaea cinxia\i0{} 
(Glanville Fritillary, var.); 4b-d, \i{}Melitaea 
cinxia\i0{} (under-sides, varieties); 5a-b, 
\i{}Melitaea athalia\i0{} (Heath Fritillary, 
normal upper- and under-sides); 5c-e, 
\i{}Melitaea athalia\i0{}, varieties). From 
Newman, 1871.> 
newmnym1.jpg <@subject Apatura iris and Lodoga camilla: Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=445 y=950 
t=1a-b, \i{}Apatura iris\i0{} (Purple Emperor, 
male upper-side and female under-side); 2a-b, 
\i{}Limenitis camilla\i0{} (White Admiral, 
normal upper- and under-sides); 2c-d, 
\i{}Limenitis camilla\i0{} (varieties). From 
Newman, 1871.> 
newmnym2.jpg <@subject Vanessa atalanta, Cynthia cardui, C. virginiensis
and Aglais urticae: Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=843 y=864 
t=1a-b, \i{}Vanessa atalanta\i0{} (Red Admiral, 
upper- and under-sides); 2a, \i{}Cynthia 
cardui\i0{} (Painted Lady, normal form); 2b, 
\i{}Cynthia cardui\i0{} (variety); 3, 
\i{}Cynthia virginiensis\i0{} (American Painted 
Lady); 4a-b, \i{}Aglais urticae\i0{} (Small 
Tortoise-shell, normal form of female and male); 
4c-d, \i{}Aglais urticae\i0{} (varieties). From 
Newman, 1871.> 
newmnym3.jpg <@subject Nymphalis polychloros, N. antiopa, Inachis io and
Polygonia c-album: Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=270 y=901 
t=1, \i{}Nymphalis polychloros\i0{} (Large 
Tortoise-shell); 2, \i{}Inachis io\i0{} 
(Peacock); 3, \i{}Nymphalis antiopa\i0{} 
(Camberwell Beauty); 4a-b, \i{}Polygonia 
c-album\i0{} (Comma, upper- and under-sides). 
From Newman, 1871.> 
peacock1.jpg <@subject Inachis io (Peacock: Giles Watson, photos)> 
<@imagenotes x=531 y=843 
t=\i{}Inachis io\i0{} (Peacock). Uffington, 
Oxon, July 2007. Giles Watson.> 
admiral2.jpg <@subject Vanessa atalanta (Red Admiral: Giles Watson, 
photos)> 
<@imagenotes x=17 y=25 
t=\i{}Vanessa atalanta\i0{} (Red Admiral). St. 
Mary's, Isles of Scilly, 2006. Giles Watson.> 
gwcomma2.jpg <@subject \i{}Polygonia c-album\i0{} (Comma), imbibing from
fox dung (1): photo, Giles Watson> 
<@imagenotes x=65 y=923 
t=\i{}Polygonia c-album\i0{} (Comma), imbibing 
from fox dung. Nightingale Woods, South Marsdon, 
Wiltshire, July 2008. Giles Watson.> 
gwcomma3.jpg <@subject Polygonia c-album (Comma), imbibing from rotting 
plums: photo, Giles Wason> 
<@imagenotes x=27 y=28 
t=\i{}Polygonia c-album\i0{} (Comma), imbibing 
from rotting plums. Uffington, Oxfordshire, July 
2008. Giles Watson.> 
apatur01.jpg <@subject Apatura iris (Purple Emperor): photos> 
<@imagenotes x=449 y=944 
t=\i{}Apatura iris\i0{} (Purple Emperor): 
uppersides (above) and undersides of male (left) 
and female (right). \par{}\par{}Provenance of 
specimens unknown (probably mainland-European). 
From Watsons collection.> 
bent338.jpg <@subject Apatura iris (Purple Emperor: B. Ent. 338)> 
text338.gif <@subject Apatura iris (legend+text: B. Ent. 338)> 
text3381.gif <@subject Apatura iris (text, cont.: B. Ent. 338)> 
nod862.jpg <@subject Apatura iris (Purple Emperor: Shaw and Nodder, 
1799)> 
nodt862.gif <@subject Apatura iris (Purple Emperor: Shaw and Nodder, 
text)> 
bent290.jpg <@subject Argynnis aglaia (var., Dark Green Fritillary: B. 
Ent. 290)> 
text2901.gif <@subject Argynnis aglaia (var.): B. Ent. 290, legend+text>
text2902.gif <@subject Argynnis aglaia (var.): B. Ent. 290, text cont.> 
nod756.jpg <@subject Argynnis paphia (Silver-washed Fritillary: Shaw & 
Nodder, about 1807)> 
kir068.jpg <@subject Argynnis niobe, Argynnis pandora: Kirby> 
<@item x=5 y=11 w=273 h=46 n 
t=8. Argynnis niobe> 
<@item x=5 y=64 w=273 h=42 n 
t=12. Argynnis pandora> 
mor054.jpg <@subject Issonia aphrodite (Venus Fritillary: Morris)> 
bent386.jpg <@subject Boloria selene (Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary: 
B. 
Ent. 386)> 
text3861.gif <@subject Boloria selene: B. Ent. 386, legend+text> 
text3862.gif <@subject Boloria selene: B. Ent. 386, text cont.> 
cole010.jpg <@subject Argynnis, Boloria (Euphrosyne) (Fritillaries: 
Coleman)> 
cole011.jpg <@subject Argynnis, Boloria, Melitaea (including Mellicta), 
Euphydryas (Fritillaries: Coleman)> 
kir077.jpg <@subject Boloria dia (Weaver's Fritillary), Melitaea didyma 
(Spotted Fritillary): Kirby> 
<@imagenotes x=55 y=32 
t=2, \i{}Boloria dia\i0{} (Weaver's Fritillary). 
7, \i{}Melitaea didyma\i0{} (Spotted Fritillary): 
male (c) and female (d). 8b, \i{}Melitaea 
dictynna\i0{} (underside). From Kirby (1907).> 
mor050.jpg <@subject Boloria dia (Weaver's Fritillary: Morris)> 
bent124.jpg <@subject Limenitis camilla (White Admiral: B. Ent. 124)> 
text1241.gif <@subject Limenitis camilla: B. Ent. 124, legend+text> 
text1242.gif <@subject Limenitis camilla: B. Ent. 124, text cont.> 
bent096.jpg <@subject Nymphalis antiopa (Camberwell Beauty: B. Ent. 96)>
text0961.gif <@subject Nymphalis antiopa: B. Ent. 96, legend+text> 
text0962.gif <@subject Nymphalis antiopa: B. Ent. 96, text cont.> 
nod744.jpg <@subject Nymphalis antiopa (Camberwell Beauty: Shaw and 
Nodder, about 1807)> 
nodt744.gif <@subject Nymphalis antiopa (Camberwell Beauty: Shaw and 
Nodder, text)> 
curhub18.jpg <@subject Nymphalis polychloros (Large Tortoise-shell: 
Hbner/Curtis)> 
nod1043.jpg <@subject Nymphalis polychloros (Large Tortoise-shell: Shaw 
and Nodder, 1813)> 
nodt1043.gif <@subject Nymphalis polychloros (Large Tortoise-shell: Shaw
and Nodder, text)> 
kir082.jpg <@subject Nymphalis xanthomelas (Scarce Tortoise-shell): 
Kirby> 
curhub17.jpg <@subject Aglais urticae (Small Tortoise-shell: 
Hbner/Curtis)> 
kir095.jpg <@subject Araschnia levana (Map Butterfly: Kirby)> 
vaness03.jpg <@subject Comparing Cynthia cardui (Painted Lady) and C. 
kershawi (Australasian Painted Lady): photos> 
<@imagenotes x=466 y=848 
t=Figs. 1 and 1a, \i{}C. kershawi\i0{} 
(Australasian Painted Lady); Figs. 2 and 2a, 
\i{}Cynthia cardui\i0{} (Painted Lady). Note the 
broader forewings and more rounded hindwings of 
the Australasian (sub-)species, and the blue 
circles within the subterminal spots of its 
hindwings. \par{}\par{}1, Leek, Staffs., larvae 
collected from thistles, July 1949. 2, Mount 
Franklin, A.C.T., Australia, November 1970. From 
Watsons collection.> 
curhub05.jpg <@subject Cynthia (Vanessa) cardui (Painted Lady: 
Hbner/Curtis)> 
nod1050.jpg <@subject Cynthea (Vanessa) virginiensis (American Painted 
Lady: Shaw & Nodder, 1813)> 
nod157.jpg <@subject Vanessa atalanta (Red Admiral: Shaw & Nodder, 
1793)> 
nod388.jpg <@subject Inachis io (Peacock: Shaw and Nodder, 1799)> 
nodt388.gif <@subject Inachis io (Peacock: Shaw and Nodder, text)> 
curhub01.jpg <@subject Inachis (Vanessa) io (Peacock: Hbner/Curtis)> 
curhub13.jpg <@subject Polygonia c-album (Comma: Hbner/Curtis)> 
villid02.jpg <@subject Junonia (Precis) villida (Albins Hampstead 
Eye?): 
photos> 
<@imagenotes x=485 y=460 
t=Figs. 1-3, Australian specimens of 
\i{}Junonia\i0{} (= \i{}Precis\i0{}) 
\i{}villida\i0{}; uppersides of female (1) and 
male (2), and underside of male (3). Fig. 4, the 
\i{}Papilio oculatus Hampstediensis ex aureo 
fuscus\i0{} of Petiver, as depicted by F.O. 
Morris in the mid-19th Century. 
\par{}\par{}Petivers \i{}Papilionum 
Britanniae\i0{} of 1717 included the 
strange-looking butterfly depicted in Fig. 4 as 
"Albin's Hampstead-Eye, where it was caught by 
this curious person, and is the only one I have 
yet seen". It has sometimes been interpreted as 
a variety of the Speckled Wood (q.v.), but 
compares better with the South-Pacific 
\i{}Junonia villida\i0{}. Striking common 
features additional to the general 
colour-patterning are the paired eye-spots on 
both fore- and hindwings, and the 
characteristically nymphalid concave forewing 
termen. In any event, although Albins 
Hampstead-Eye has never been seen in Britain 
again, it remains to this day a ridiculous 
inclusion in British checklists. \par{}\par{}1: 
Narooma, New South Wales, March 1978. 2 and 3, 
Mount Stromlo, A.C.T., November 1977. From 
Watson's collection.> 
dpap10.jpg <@subject Larvae and pupae of Aglais urticae, Inachis io, 
Nymphalis antiopa (Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=85 y=78 
t=Larvae and pupae. 35, \i{}Nymphalis 
antiopa\i0{}; 36, \i{}Inachis io\i0{}; 37, 
\i{}Aglais urticae\i0{}.> 
meyr340.gif <@subject Argynnis: neuration> 
 
# \i{}Oecophoridae\i0{}/ 
carci055.jpg <@subject Carcina quercana (specimen): photo> 
<@imagenotes x=459 y=41 
t=OECOPHORIDAE. \i{}Carcina quercana\i0{}. 
27/7/55, Trentham, Staffs. R.G. Warren.> 
stai6011.jpg <@subject Agonopterix assimilella, A. nanatella, A. 
umbellana: Stainton 6, I (1861)> 
<@imagenotes x=631 y=7 
t=Oecophoridae. 1, \i{}Agonopterix 
assimilella\i0{}; larva (1a), and a sprig of 
broom with stems united by the web of a larva 
(1b). 2, \i{}Agonopterix nanatella\i0{}: larva 
(2a) and a plant of \i{}Carlina vulgaris\i0{} 
with mined leaves (2b). 3, \i{}Agonopterix 
umbellana\i0{}: larva (3a), and a sprig of 
\i{}Ulex nanus\i0{} with a larval web (3b). 
Stainton 6, I (1861).> 
stai601l.gif <@subject Stainton 6, I (1861): original legend.> 
stai6021.jpg <@subject Agonopterix arenella, A. kaekeritziana (as 
liturella), A. pallorella: Stainton 6, II (1861)> 
<@imagenotes x=25 y=11 
t=OECOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Agonopterix 
arenella\i0{}: larva (1a), and a leaf of 
\i{}Centaurea nigra\i0{} folded by it. 2, 
\i{}Agonopterix kaekeritziana\i0{}: larva (2a), 
and a shoot of \i{}Centaurea nigra\i0{} folded 
by it (2b). 3, \i{}Agonopterix pallorella\i0{}: 
larva (3a), and leaf of \i{}Centaurea 
scabiosa\i0{} folded by it (3b). Stainton 6, II 
(1861).> 
stai602l.gif <@subject Stainton 6, II (1861): original legend.> 
stai6031.jpg <@subject Agonopterix liturosa (as hypericella), A. 
heracleana, A. nervosa: Stainton 6, III (1861)> 
<@imagenotes x=27 y=15 
t=OECOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Agonopterix 
liturosa\i0{}: larva (1a), and a shoot of 
\i{}Hypericum\i0{} with apical leaves drawn 
together by it (1b). 2, \i{}Agonopterix 
heracleana\i0{}; larva (2a), and seeds of 
\i{}Heracleum sphondyleum\i0{} drawn together by 
it (2b). 3, \i{}Agonopterix nervosa\i0{}; larva 
(3a), and an inflorescence of \i{}Oenanthe 
crocata\i0{} with flowers drawn together by it 
(3b). Stainton 6, III (1861)> 
stai603l.gif <@subject Stainton 6, III (1861): original legend.> 
stai6041.jpg <@subject Depressaria chaerophyllae, D. pimpinellae, D. 
depressana (as depressella): Stainton 6, IV (1861)> 
<@imagenotes x=28 y=11 
t=OECOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Depressaria 
chaerophylli\i0{}; larva (1a), and a larval web 
in an inflorescence of \i{}Chaerophyllum 
temulum\i0{} (1b). 2, \i{}Depressaria 
pimpinellae\i0{}; larva (2a), and a larval web 
in an inflorescence of \i{}Pimpinella 
saxifraga\i0{} (2b). 3, \i{}Depressaria 
depressana\i0{}; larva (3a), and a carrot 
inflorescence inhabited by one (3b). Stainton 6, 
IV (1861).> 
stai604l.gif <@subject Stainton 6, IV (1861): original legend.> 
stai6051.jpg <@subject Agonopterix angelicella, A. hofmanii 
(mainland-European), Depressaria libanotidella: 
Stainton 6, V (1861)> 
<@imagenotes x=575 y=6 
t=OECOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Agonopterix 
angelicella\i0{}; larva (1a), and a leaf of 
\i{}Angelica sylvestris\i0{} inhabited by one 
(1b). 2, \i{}Agonopterix hofmanni\i0{}; larva 
(2a), and a leaf of \i{}Athamanta libanotis\i0{} 
with a larval web (2b). 3, \i{}Depressaria 
libanotidella\i0{}; larva (3a), and apical 
leaves of \i{}Athamanta libanotis\i0{} drawn 
together by it (3b). Stainton 6, V (1861).> 
stai605l.gif <@subject Stainton 6, V (1861): original legend.> 
stai6061.jpg <@subject Agonopterix furvella, A. parilella (both 
mainland-European), A. cnicella: Stainton 6, VI 
(1861)> 
<@imagenotes x=875 y=9 
t=OECOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Agonopterix 
furvella\i0{}; larva (1a) and leaves of 
\i{}Dictamnus albus\i0{} united by it (1b). 2, 
\i{}Agonopterix parilella\i0{}; larva (2a), and 
a leaf of \i{}Peucedanum oreoselinum\i0{} 
twisted by it (2b). 3, \i{}Agonopterix 
cnicella\i0{}; larva (3a), and a shoot of 
\i{}Eryngium campestre\i0{} attacked by it (3b). 
Stainton 6, VI (1861).> 
stai606l.gif <@subject Stainton 6, VI (1861): original legend.> 
stai6071.jpg <@subject Depressaria albipunctella, D. emeritella, D. 
olerella: Stainton 6, VII (1861)> 
<@imagenotes x=573 y=5 
t=OECOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Depressaria 
albipunctella\i0{}; larva (1a), and a leaf of 
\i{}Anthriscus sylvestris\i0{} folded by it 
(1b). 2, \i{}Depressaria emeritella\i0{}; larva 
(2a), and part of a \i{}Chrysanthemum 
vulgare\i0{} leaf folded by it (2b). 3, 
\i{}Depressaria olerella\i0{}; larva (3a), and 
leaves of \i{}Achillea millefolium\i0{} drawn 
together by it (3b). Stainton 6, VII (1861).> 
stai607l.gif <@subject Stainton 6, VII (1861): original legend.> 
stai6081.jpg <@subject Depressaria heydenii, Agonopterix alstoemeriana, 
A. 
heracleana (as applana): Stainton 6, VIII (1861)> 
<@imagenotes x=32 y=13 
t=OECOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Depressaria 
heydenii\i0{}; larva (1a), and a larval web in 
an umbel of \i{}Heracleum sphondylium\i0{} ssp. 
\i{}austriacum\i0{} (1b). 2, \i{}Agonopterix 
alstroemeriana\i0{}; larva (2a), and leaf tips 
of \i{}Conium maculatum\i0{} folded by it (2b). 
3, \i{}Agonopterix heracleana\i0{}; larva (3a), 
and a leaf tip of \i{}Anthriscus sylvestris\i0{} 
folded by it (3b). Stainton 6, VIII (1861).> 
stai608l.gif <@subject Stainton 6, VIII (1861): original legend.> 
sta13071.jpg <@subject Carcina quercana, Luqetia lobella and Exaeretia 
allisella: Stainton 13, VII (1873)> 
<@imagenotes x=30 y=17 
t=OECOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Carcina quercana\i0{}. 
Larva (1a), and a leaf of \i{}Sorbus 
torminalis\i0{} with its web (1b). 2, 
\i{}Luquetia lobella\i0{}. Larva (2a), and a 
sloe leaf folded downwards by it (2b). 3, 
\i{}Exaeretia allisella\i0{}. Larva (3a), and a 
sprig of \i{}Artemisia vulgaris\i0{} with frass 
ejected by it (3b). Stainton 13, VII (1873).> 
sta1307l.gif <@subject Stainton 13, VII (1873): original legend.> 
sta12021.jpg <@subject Stathmopoda pedella and (mainland-European) 
Palumbina guerinii: Stainton 12, 2 (1870)> 
<@imagenotes x=44 y=21 
t=OECOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Stathmopoda pedella\i0{}. 
Larva (1a), and fruits of alder attacked by it 
(1b, 1b*). 2, \i{}Palumbina guerinii\i0{}. Larva 
(2a), and pod-like galls formed by aphids on 
twigs of \i{}Pistacia terebinthus\i0{} and 
inhabited by the larvae (2b). Stainton 12, 2 
(1870).> 
sta1202l.gif <@subject Stainton 12, 2 (1870): original legend.> 
sta12051.jpg <@subject Agonopterix carduella, Agonopterix 
subpropinquella, 
Exaeretia (Depressaroides) culcitella: Stainton 12, 
5 (1870)> 
<@imagenotes x=29 y=13 
t=OECOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Agonopterix 
carduella\i0{}. Larva (1a), and a mined leaf of 
\i{}Cirsium vulgare\i0{} (1b). 2, 
\i{}Agonopterix sunpropinquella\i0{}. Larva 
(2a), and a leaf of \i{}Cirsium vulgare\i0{} 
gnawed beneath by it (2b). 3, \i{}Exaeretia\i0{} 
(\i{}Depressaroides\i0{}) \i{}culcitella\i0{}. 
Larva (3a), and a leaf of \i{}Chrysanthemum 
corymbosum\i0{} attacked by it (3b). Stainton 
12, 5 (1870).> 
sta1205l.gif <@subject Stainton 12, 5 (1870): original legend.> 
sta12061.jpg <@subject Depressaria artemisiae, D. absynthiella, 
Agonopterix putridella: Stainton 12, 6 (1870)> 
<@imagenotes x=429 y=13 
t=OECOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Depressaria 
artemisiae\i0{}. Larva (1a), and an apical shoot 
of \i{}Artemisia campestris\i0{} inhabited by it 
(1b). 2, \i{}Depressaria absynthiella\i0{}. 
Larva (2a), and shoots of \i{}Artemisia 
absinthium\i0{} inhabited by larvae (2b, 2b*). 
3, \i{}Agonopterix putridella\i0{}. Larva (3a), 
and a piece of \i{}Peucedanum officinale\i0{} 
leaf attacked by it (3b). Stainton 12, 6 
(1870).> 
sta1206l.gif <@subject Stainton 12, 6 (1870): original legend.> 
sta12071.jpg <@subject Agonopterix atomella, with (mainland-European) 
Agonopterix rutana and A. nodiflorella: Stainton 12, 
7 (1870)> 
<@imagenotes x=407 y=10 
t=OECOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Agonopterix rutana\i0{}. 
Larva (1a), and a sprig of \i{}Ruta 
chalepensis\i0{} attacked by it (1b). 2, 
\i{}Agonopterix nodiflorella\i0{}. Mining larva 
(2a), and leaflets of \i{}Ferula ferulago\i0{} 
mined by the young larva (2b); adult larva 
(2a*), and the web formed by it on a leaf of 
\i{}Ferula ferulago\i0{} (2b*). 3, 
\i{}Agonopterix atomella\i0{}. Larva (3a), and a 
sprig of \i{}Calycotome spinosa\i0{} attacked by 
it (3b). Stainton 12, 7 (1870.> 
sta1207l.gif <@subject Stainton 12, 7 (1870): original legend.> 
sta12081.jpg <@subject Depressaria ululana, D. (Horridopalpus) 
dictamnella, Agonopterix silerella (all 
mainland-European): Stainton 12, 8 (1870)> 
<@imagenotes x=416 y=14 
t=OECOPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Depressaria ululana\i0{}. 
Larva (1a), and an umbel of \i{}Carum\i0{} 
(\i{}Bunium\i0{}) \i{}bulbocastanum\i0{} with 
its webs (1b). 2, \i{}Agonopterix 
silerella\i0{}. Larva (2a), and a leaf of 
\i{}Siler aquilegifolium\i0{} attacked by it 
(2b). 3, \i{}Depressaria\i0{} 
(\i{}Horridopalpus\i0{}) \i{}dictamnella\i0{}, 
with side view of palpus showing prolonged tuft 
(3*). Larva (3a), and a sprig of \i{}Dictamnus 
albus\i0{} attacked by it (3b). Stainton 12, 8 
(1870).> 
sta1208l.gif <@subject Stainton 12, 8 (1870): original legend.> 
staintin.jpg <@subject Stainton's representative 'Tineina'> 
<@imagenotes x=14 y=47 
t=Stainton's TINEINA (Oecophoridae italicised). 
2, Ochsenheimeria birdella; 3, Tinea ganomella; 
4, Eriocrania salopiella; 5, Nemophora 
metallica; 6, Swammerdamia pyrella; 7, 
Yponomeuta sedella; 8, Plutella xylostella; 9, 
Ypsolopha dentella; \i{}10, Agonopterix 
alstroemeriana\i0{}; 11, Pexicopia malvella; 12, 
Chrysoesthia drurella; 13, Ypsolopha 
parenthesella; 14, Schiffermuelleria grandis; 
15, Scythris grandipennis; 16, Glyphipteryx 
equitella; 17, Heliozela resplendella; 18, 
Argyresthia bonnetella; 19, Caloptilia 
alchimiella; 20, Coleophora lineola; 21, 
Bedellia somnulentella; 22, Cosmopteryx 
lienigiella; 23, Mompha propinquella; 24, 
Elachista gangabella; 25, Elachista 
maculicerusella; 26, Emmetia marginea; 27, 
Phyllonorycter acerifoliella; 28, Phyllonorycter 
stettinensis; 29, Leucoptera malifoliella; 30, 
Ectoedemia sericopeza. From Stainton (1854, 
Plate IX).> 
oecopst1.jpg <@subject Agonopterix, Carcina, Exaeretia, Luquetia, 
Semioscopis, Stathmopoda (Stainton)> 
<@imagenotes x=672 y=5 
t=1a-c, \i{}Luquetia lobella\i0{}, fore- and 
hindwings, and head. 2a-c, \i{}Carcina 
quercana\i0{}, fore- and hindwings, and head. 
3a-c, \i{}Agonopterix heracliana\i0{}, fore- and 
hindwings, and head. 10a-c, \i{}Semioscopis 
steinkellneriana\i0{}, fore- and hind-wings, 
head and palp. 10'c, head of \i{}Semioscopis 
avellanella\i0{}. 11c and 11d, head and part of 
antenna of \i{}Exaeretia allisella\i0{}. 13a-c, 
\i{}Stathmopoda pedella\i0{} (Stathmopodidae: 
see separate family for more detail of the 
antenna), fore- and hindwings, and head. From 
Stainton (1854, Plates III, IV and VII).> 
oecopst2.jpg <@subject Agonopterix, Alabonia, Amphibastis, Esperia, 
Hofmannophila, Hypercallia, Pleurota (Stainton).> 
<@imagenotes x=159 y=32 
t=2a-c, \i{}Pleurota bicostella\i0{}, fore- and 
hindwings, and head. 3a-c, \i{}Alabonia 
geoffrella\i0{}, fore- and hindwings, and head. 
4a-c, \i{}Hypercallia citrinalis\i0{}, fore- and 
hindwings, and head. 5a-c, \i{}Esperia 
sulphurella\i0{}, fore- and hindwings, and head. 
6a-c, \i{}Hofmannophila pseudospretella\i0{}, 
fore- and hindwings, and head. 9''a-9''c, 
\i{}Amphisbatis incongruella\i0{}, fore- and 
hindwings, and head. 12a-b, \i{}Agonopterix 
angelicella\i0{}, fore- and hindwings. From 
Stainton (1854, Plates V and VI).> 
bent6551.jpg <@subject Anarsia spartiella (Wanstead Grey): B. Ent. 655> 
text6551.gif <@subject Anarsia spartiella: B. Ent. 655, legend+text> 
text6552.gif <@subject Anarsia spartiella: B. Ent. 655, text cont.> 
bent543.jpg <@subject Batia lunaris (Lesser Tawny Crescent: B. Ent. 
543)> 
bent5431.jpg <@subject Batia lunaris (detail, dissections: B. Ent. 543)>
text543.gif <@subject Batia lunaris: B. Ent. 543, legend+text> 
text5432.gif <@subject Batia lunaris: B. Ent. 543, text cont.> 
diufag01.jpg <@subject Diurnea fagella (March Dagger, light and dark 
forms: photos)> 
<@imagenotes x=491 y=916 
t=\i{}Diurnea fagella\i0{} (March Dagger). 4 
Males and 2 females, exemplifying specimens 
collected in the same year from one locality. 
About half were dusky or clearly melanic, 
including females with their vestigial wings. 
\par{}\par{}Ballington Wood, Leek, Staffs., 
March 1956. From Watson's collection.> 
bent7431.jpg <@subject Diurnea lipsiella (November Dagger: formerly D. 
phryganella): B. Ent. 743> 
text7431.gif <@subject Diurnea lipsiella: B. Ent. 743, legend+text> 
text7432.gif <@subject Diurnea lipsiella: B. Ent. 743, text cont.> 
bent408.jpg <@subject Esperia sulphurella (Yellow Underwinged 
Thick-horn: 
B. Ent. 408)> 
text4081.gif <@subject Esperia sulphurella: B. Ent. 408, legend+text> 
text4082.gif <@subject Esperia sulphurella: B. Ent. 408, text, cont.> 
bent221.jpg <@subject Depressaria depressana (Blunt's Flat-body: B. Ent.
221)> 
text2211.gif <@subject Depressaria depressana: B. Ent. 221, legend+text>
text2212.gif <@subject Depressaria depressana: B. Ent. 221, text cont.> 
step0382.jpg <@subject Hypercallia citrinalis: Stephens IV, 1834> 
lchoec01.jpg <@subject 6 genera of Oecophoridae: Le Cerf & Herbulot> 
kirbyoec.jpg <@subject 5 genera of Oecophoridae: Kirby 55> 
<@imagenotes x=152 y=923 
t=13, Diurnea fagella (March Dagger); 27, 
Carcina quercana; 28, Agonopteryx heracleana; 
29, Alabonia geoffrella; 30, Esperia 
sulphurella.> 
staint10.jpg <@subject Larvae of 'Tineina' (Stainton)> 
<@imagenotes x=892 y=5 
t=\i{}1, OECOPHORIDAE\i0{}: \i{}Diurnea 
fagella\i0{} larva, and (1a) shown between 
united birch leaves. 2, PSYCHIDIDAE: 
Taleporia(?) larva, showing cases attached to 
lichen (2a), and a single case enlarged. 3, 
YPONOMEUTIDAE: Ochsenheimeria taurella, and (3a) 
a section of grass stem showing the larva in 
situ. 4, TINEIDAE: Tineola bisselliella, with a 
gallery formed in feathers (4a); 4b, a case of 
Tinea pellionella on a feather. 5, 
INCURVARIIDAE: Incurvaria praelatella, with a 
partially devoured wild strawberry leaf (5a), 
and a case from the underside. 6, Incurvaria 
pectinea, and (6a) the larva in its case feeding 
on a fallen oak leaf. 7, Lampronia capitella, 
with (7a) a currant shoot withering from the 
effects of the larva feeding in the stem. 8, 
YPONOMEUTIDAE: Swammerdamia pyrella, with (8a) 
the larva in its web between united cherry 
leaves. 9, Yponomeutidae-Plutellinae: Plutella 
porrectella, and (9a) feeding on a Hesperis 
leaf. 10, GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: Orthotelia 
sparganella, with (10a) an eaten stem of 
Sparganium. \i{}11. OECOPHORIDAE\i0{}: 
\i{}Depressaria\i0{} sp., with (11a) a leaf of 
Centaurea nigra distorted by its attentions. 12, 
GELECHIIDAE: Anacampsis temerella, with (12a) a 
sallow leaf tenanted by it. 13, Metzneria 
aestivella, with (13a) a sectioned fruiting head 
of Carlina showing the feeding larva in situ. 
\i{}14, OECOPHORIDAE\i0{}: \i{}Crassa 
unitella\i0{}, and (14a) a piece of decayed wood 
burrowed by the larvae. 15, GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: 
Glyphipteryx equitella, with (15a) shoots of 
Sedum acre showing the middle one bleached by 
excavations of the larva. 16, YPONOMEUTIDAE: 
Argyresthia bonnetella, with (16a) hawthorn 
shoots eaten by the larva. 17, GRACILLARIIDAE: 
Caloptilia alchimiella, with (17a) an oak lead 
exhibiting a cone formed by the larva. \i{}18, 
OECOPHORIDAE\i0{}: \i{}Agonopterix 
angelicella\i0{}, with (18a) its cone on a 
hawthorn leaf. 19, COLEOPHORIDAE: Coleophora 
follicularis, with (19a) a mined leaf of 
Eupatorium, and (19b) the case enlarged. 20, 
LYONETIIDAE: Bedellia somnulentella, with (20a) 
a mined Convolvulus arvensis leaf. 21, 
EPERMENIIDAE: Epermenia chaerophyllellus, with 
(21a) a portion of Anthriscus sylvestris leaf 
eaten half through by it. 22, MOMPHIDAE: 
Chrysoclista linneella, with (22a) a piece of 
inner bark of lime burrowed by it. 23, 
ELACHISTIDAE: Elachista maculicerusella. with 
(23a) a mined Phragmites leaf blade. 24, 
TISCHERIIDAE: Emmetia marginea, and (24a) a 
mined bramble leaf. 25, GRACILLARIIDAE: 
Phyllonorycter quinnata, with (25a) a mined 
Carpinus leaf. 26, LYONETIIDAE: Leucoptera 
laburnella, with (26a) a mined Laburnum leaf. 
27, Bucculatrix bechsteinella (Bucculatricidae), 
and a hawthorn leaf eaten half through. 28, 
NEPTICULIDAE: Nepticula sp., with (28a) a mined 
Potentilla leaf. From Stainton (1854, Plate X).> 
lchoec01.gif <@subject Agonopteryx liturella: neuration> 
oecneu.gif <@subject Hofmannophila, Pleurota, Agonopteryx: neuration> 
 
# \i{}Opostegidae\i0{}/ 
stonnept.jpg <@subject Nepticuloidea: Ectoedemia occultella and 
Pseudopostega crepusculella (Stainton)> 
<@imagenotes x=492 y=53 
t=\i{}Pseudopostega crepusculella\i0{} 
(Opostegidae, left), and \i{}Ectoedemia 
occultella\i0{} (Nepticulidae, right). From 
Stainton (1859), with approximate wingspans 
added.> 
opostest.jpg <@subject Opostega> 
<@imagenotes x=829 y=882 
t=\i{}Opostega salaciella\i0{}, fore- and 
hind-wings. From Stainton (1854, Plate VIII).> 
meyr806.gif <@subject Opostega, neuration> 
humpopos.jpg <@subject Opostega auritiella> 
 
# \i{}Papilionidae\i0{}/ 
machaon1.jpg <@subject Papilio machaon (Swallow-tail: British and 
mainland-European subspecies): photos> 
<@imagenotes x=452 y=929 
t=\i{}Papilio machaon\i0{} (Swallow-tail). Figs. 
1 and 2, the British subsecies,\i{} P. 
machaon\i0{} ssp. \i{}britannicus\i0{}. 3 and 
4,\i{} P. machaon\i0{} ssp. \i{}gorganus\i0{} 
(the Continental Swallow-tail). \par{}\par{}1, 
Norfolk Broads, from larva collected August 1927 
(J.F. Johnstone). 2, Cambridgeshire (Wicken 
Fen?), June 1926 (R.A. Nichols). 3-4, Bagneux, 
Seine, August 1953 (Watson). From Watsons 
collection.> 
curhub02.jpg <@subject Papilio machaon (Swallow-tail: Hbner/Curtis)> 
curhub03.jpg <@subject Iphiclides podalirius (Scarce Swallow-tail: 
Hbner/Curtis)> 
iphicl01.jpg <@subject Iphiclides podalirius (Scarce Swallow-tail): 
photos> 
<@imagenotes x=720 y=907 
t=\i{}Iphiclides podalirius\i0{} (Scarce 
Swallow-tail), female (left) and male. 
\par{}\par{}Bagneux, Seine, August 1954. From 
Watson's Collection.> 
dpap013.jpg <@subject Larvae and pupae of Iphiclides podalirius and 
Papilio machaon (Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=452 y=322 
t=Larvae and pupae. 2, \i{}Papilio machaon\i0{}; 
3, \i{}Iphiclides podalirius\i0{}.> 
newmppap.jpg <@subject Swallow-tailed and Apollo: Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=872 y=12 
t=1, \i{}Papilio machaon\i0{} (The 
Swallow-tail); 2, \i{}Iphiclides podalirius\i0{} 
(Scarce Swallow-tail); 3, \i{}Parnassius 
apollo\i0{} (The Apollo). From Newman, 1871.> 
apollo01.jpg <@subject Parnassius apollo (Apollo): photos> 
<@imagenotes x=871 y=932 
t=\i{}Parnassius apollo\i0{} (The Apollo). A 
European alpine butterfly, of which vagrant 
specimens may have occasionally appeared in 
Britain. The possibility that it may once have 
been resident should not be discounted, because 
no less an authority than John Curtis was 
convinced he saw a specimen in a very likely 
locality (Ben Lawers) in the early 19th Century. 
\par{}\par{}Above: Savoy Alps, France, July 1950 
(J. Armitage). Below: Pontresina, Switzerland, 
August 1948 (J. Armitage). From Watson's 
collection.> 
nodmg01.jpg <@subject Parnassius apollo (Apollo: Shaw & Nodder, about 
1803)> 
kir032.jpg <@subject Parnassius phloebus (Small Apollo: Kirby)> 
kir026.jpg <@subject Zerynthia rumina (Spanish Festoon: Kirby)> 
hubzeryn.jpg <@subject Zerynthia polyxena (Southern Festoon: Hbner)> 
 
# \i{}Phyllocnistidae\i0{}/ 
lchphyl.jpg <@subject Pyllocnistis unipunctella> 
 
# \i{}Pieridae\i0{}/ 
newmpie1.jpg <@subject Pieridae (1): Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=457 y=415 
t=1a-d, \i{}Leptidea sinapis\i0{} (Wood White: 
a, c and d males, b female); 2a-c, 
\i{}Anthocharis cardamines\i0{} (Orange Tip, 
male and female upper-sides and male 
under-side); 3, \i{}Colias hyale\i0{} (Pale 
Clouded Yellow); 4a-b, \i{}Colias croceus\i0{} 
(Clouded Yellow, female and male); 4c-d, 
\i{}Colias croceus\i0{}, a male var., and female 
var. \i{}helice\i0{}). From Newman, 1871.> 
newmpie2.jpg <@subject Pieridae (2): Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=890 y=893 
t=1, \i{}Gonepteryx rhamni\i0{} (Brimstone); 2, 
\i{}Aporia crataegi\i0{} (Black-veined White); 
3a-c, \i{}Pontia daplidice\i0{} (Bath White, 
female and male upper-sides and female 
under-side). From Newman, 1871.> 
newmpie3.jpg <@subject Pieridae (3): Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=463 y=622 
t=1a-b, \i{}Pieris brassicae\i0{} (Large White, 
male and female); 2a-b, \i{}Pieris rapae\i0{} 
(Small White, female and male); 3a-c, \i{} \i0{} 
(Green-veined White, male and female upper-sides 
and female under-side). From Newman, 1871.> 
colias01.jpg <@subject Colias croceus (Clouded Yellow), C. hyale (Pale 
Clouded Yellow), C. alfacariensis (Bergers Clouded 
Yellow): photos> 
<@imagenotes x=316 y=946 
t=Figs. 1-2, \i{}Coleus croceus\i0{} (Clouded 
Yellow): upper- and undersides of male (1 and 
1a) and female (2 and 2a). Figs. 3-4, \i{}Colias 
hyale\i0{} (Pale Clouded Yellow): upperside of a 
male (3), and upper- and undersides of a female 
(4 and 4a). Figs. 5 and 5a, upper- and underside 
of a male of doubtful identity, though probably 
also referable to \i{}C. hyale\i0{}. \i{}C. 
hyale\i0{} and \i{}C. alfacariensis\i0{} 
(Bergers Clouded Yellow) are only dubiously 
separable as adults, although they are readily 
distinguishable in the larval stages. \i{}C. 
alfacariensis\i0{} known in Britain as a 
sporadic, probably rare immigrant. It has a more 
southerly distribution in mainland Europe than 
\i{}C. hyale\i0{}, which is well known here as a 
breeding migrant. Since the specimens figured 
were all collected in northern France, they may 
all represent \i{}C. hyale\i0{}, although the 
deeper colouring exhibited by 5 and 5a is 
suggestive of \i{}alfacariensis\i0{}. 
\par{}\par{}Material collected at Bagneux, 
Seine, August 1953. From Watsons collection.> 
bent242.jpg <@subject Colias hyale (Pale Clouded Yellow: B. Ent. 242)> 
bent2422.jpg <@subject Colias hyale (dissections: B. Ent. 242)> 
text2421.gif <@subject Colias hyale: B. Ent. 242, legend+text> 
text2422.gif <@subject Colias hyale: B. Ent. 242, text cont.> 
curhub16.jpg <@subject Colias croceus (Clouded Yellow: Hbner/Curtis)> 
kir051.jpg <@subject Colias palaeno (Moorland Clouded Yellow: Kirby)> 
<@item x=890 y=689 w=96 h=48 n 
t=male> 
<@item x=18 y=134 w=137 h=48 n 
t=female> 
bent173.jpg <@subject Gonepteryx rhamni (Brimstone, variety: B. Ent. 
173)> 
text1731.gif <@subject Gonepteryx rhamni: B. Ent. 173, legend+text> 
text1732.gif <@subject Gonepteryx rhamni: B. Ent. 173, text cont.> 
gonept01.jpg <@subject Gonepteryx rhamni (Brimstone) and G. cleopatra 
(Cleopatra): photos> 
<@imagenotes x=456 y=603 
t=Figs. 1-2, \i{}Gonepteryx rhamni\i0{} 
(Brimstone): upper- and underside of female (1 
and 1a) and male (2 and 2a). Figs. 3 and 3a, 
\i{}Gonepteryx cleopatra\i0{}: upper- and 
underside of male. \par{}\par{}1 and 2, Bagneux, 
Seine, August 1954. 3, Near Nicosia, Cyprus, May 
1952 (J. Armitage). From Watsons collection.> 
kirbcleo.jpg <@subject Gonepteryx cleopatra (Cleopatra: Kirby)> 
aporia01.jpg <@subject Aporia crataegi (Black-veined White): photos> 
<@imagenotes x=433 y=27 
t=\i{}Aporia crataegi\i0{} (Black-veined White), 
upperside and (below) underside. Once locally 
plentiful in many parts of southern England 
north to Merioneth and Norfolk, by the 1920s the 
the Black-veined White was restricted to Kent, 
and it seems to have become extinct in Britain 
by 1930. It remains common in mainland Europe, 
where it is sometimes an orchard pest. 
\par{}\par{}East Kent, July 1907 (E. Goodwin). 
From Watson's collection.> 
bent360.jpg <@subject Aporia crataegi (Black-veined White: B. Ent. 360)>
text3601.gif <@subject Aporia crataegi: B. Ent. 360, legend+text> 
text3602.gif <@subject Aporia crataegi: B. Ent. 360, text cont.> 
bent048.jpg <@subject Pontia daplidice (Bath White: B. Ent. 48)> 
text0481.gif <@subject Pontia daplidice: B. Ent. 48, legend+text> 
text0482.gif <@subject Pontia daplidice: B. Ent. 48, text cont.> 
cardam02.jpg <@subject Anthocharis cardamines (Orange Tip): photos> 
<@imagenotes x=443 y=412 
t=\i{}Anthocharis cardamines\i0{} (Orange Tip): 
upper- and undersides of male (left) and female. 
\par{}\par{}Bradnop near Leek, Staffs., May 
1952. From Watson's collection.> 
curhub06.jpg <@subject Anthocharis cardamines (Orange Tip: 
Hbner/Curtis)> 
kir046.jpg <@subject Euchlo simplonia (Dappled White, adventive: 
Kirby)> 
morr036.jpg <@subject Leptidea sinapis (Wood White: Morris/Curtis)> 
curhub08.jpg <@subject Pieris brassicae (Large White, Large Cabbage 
White: 
Hbner/Curtis)> 
curhub09.jpg <@subject Pieris rapae (Small White, Small Cabbage White: 
Hbner/Curtis)> 
curhub12.jpg <@subject Pieris napi (Green-veined White: Hbner/Curtis)> 
dwarf01.jpg <@subject Dwarfism in Pieridae - Anthocharis cardamines 
(Orange Tip) and Pieris rapae (Small White): photos> 
<@imagenotes x=461 y=938 
t=Examples of dwarf specimens. Figs. 1 and 2, 
\i{}Anthocharis cardamines\i0{}: a dwarf male (2, 
wingspan 32 mm) compared with one of normal size 
(1, wingspan 44 mm). Figs. 3-5, \i{}Pieris 
rapae\i0{} (Small White): a dwarf female (4, 
wingspan 38 mm) and a dwarf male (Fig. 5, 
wingspan 36 mm), compared with a female of normal 
size (Fig. 3, wingspan 54 mm). \par{}\par{}1, 
Cheddleton near Leek, Staffs., June 1952. 2, 
Dovedale, Staffs., 26th May 1956. 33-5, Bagneux, 
Seine (France), September 1953. From Watsons 
collection.> 
pieneu.gif <@subject Colias, Leptidea: neuration> 
 
# \i{}Psychidae\i0{}/ 
bent332.jpg <@subject Epichnopterix plumella (Woolly Case-bearer, 
Transparent Sweep: B. Ent. 332)> 
text3321.gif <@subject Epichnopterix plumella: B. Ent. 332, legend+text>
text3322.gif <@subject Epichnopterix plumella.: B. Ent. 332, text cont.>
bent487.jpg <@subject Taleporia tubulosa (Large Birch Bright: B. Ent. 
487)> 
text4871.gif <@subject Taleporia tubulosa: B. Ent. 487, legend+text> 
text4872.gif <@subject Taleporia tubulosa: B. Ent. 487, legend cont.> 
ste0324.jpg <@subject Narycia monilifera: Stephens VI, 1835 (as N. 
elegans)> 
psychst.jpg <@subject Dahlica, Narycia, Taleporia: Stainton> 
<@imagenotes x=616 y=12 
t=4a-c, \i{}Taleporia tubulosa\i0{}, fore- and 
hindwings, and head. 5a-c, \i{}Dahlica 
inconspicuella\i0{}, fore- and hindwings, and 
head. 6a-d, fore- and hindwings, head and part of 
antenna of \i{}Narycia marginepunctella\i0{}. 
7a-c, \i{}Narycia monilifera\i0{}, fore- and 
hindwings, and head. From Stainton (1854, Plate 
I).> 
staint10.jpg <@subject Larvae of 'Tineina' (Stainton)> 
<@imagenotes x=892 y=5 
t=1, OECOPHORIDAE: Diurnea fagella larva, and 
(1a) shown between united birch leaves. \i{}2, 
PSYCHIDIDAE\i0{}: \i{}Taleporia\i0{}(?) larva, 
showing cases attached to lichen (2a), and a 
single case enlarged. 3, YPONOMEUTIDAE: 
Ochsenheimeria taurella, and (3a) a section of 
grass stem showing the larva in situ. 4, 
TINEIDAE: Tineola bisselliella, with a gallery 
formed in feathers (4a); 4b, a case of Tinea 
pellionella on a feather. 5, INCURVARIIDAE: 
Incurvaria praelatella, with a partially 
devoured wild strawberry leaf (5a), and a case 
from the underside. 6, Incurvaria pectinea, and 
(6a) the larva in its case feeding on a fallen 
oak leaf. 7, Lampronia capitella, with (7a) a 
currant shoot withering from the effects of the 
larva feeding in the stem. 8, YPONOMEUTIDAE: 
Swammerdamia pyrella, with (8a) the larva in its 
web between united cherry leaves. 9, 
Yponomeutidae-Plutellinae: Plutella porrectella, 
and (9a) feeding on a Hesperis leaf. 10, 
GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: Orthotelia sparganella, with 
(10a) an eaten stem of Sparganium. 11. 
OECOPHORIDAE: Depressaria sp., with (11a) a leaf 
of Centaurea nigra distorted by its attentions. 
12, GELECHIIDAE: Anacampsis temerella, with 
(12a) a sallow leaf tenanted by it. 13, 
Metzneria aestivella, with (13a) a sectioned 
fruiting head of Carlina showing the feeding 
larva in situ. 14, OECOPHORIDAE: Crassa 
unitella, and (14a) a piece of decayed wood 
burrowed by the larvae. 15, GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: 
Glyphipteryx equitella, with (15a) shoots of 
Sedum acre showing the middle one bleached by 
excavations of the larva. 16, YPONOMEUTIDAE: 
Argyresthia bonnetella, with (16a) hawthorn 
shoots eaten by the larva. 17, GRACILLARIIDAE: 
Caloptilia alchimiella, with (17a) an oak lead 
exhibiting a cone formed by the larva. 18, 
OECOPHORIDAE: Agonopterix angelicella, with 
(18a) its cone on a hawthorn leaf. 19, 
COLEOPHORIDAE: Coleophora follicularis, with 
(19a) a mined leaf of Eupatorium, and (19b) the 
case enlarged. 20, LYONETIIDAE: Bedellia 
somnulentella, with (20a) a mined Convolvulus 
arvensis leaf. 21, EPERMENIIDAE: Epermenia 
chaerophyllellus, with (21a) a portion of 
Anthriscus sylvestris leaf eaten half through by 
it. 22, MOMPHIDAE: Chrysoclista linneella, with 
(22a) a piece of inner bark of lime burrowed by 
it. 23, ELACHISTIDAE: Elachista maculicerusella. 
with (23a) a mined Phragmites leaf blade. 24, 
TISCHERIIDAE: Emmetia marginea, and (24a) a 
mined bramble leaf. 25, GRACILLARIIDAE: 
Phyllonorycter quinnata, with (25a) a mined 
Carpinus leaf. 26, LYONETIIDAE: Leucoptera 
laburnella, with (26a) a mined Laburnum leaf. 
27, Bucculatrix bechsteinella (Bucculatricidae), 
and a hawthorn leaf eaten half through. 28, 
NEPTICULIDAE: Nepticula sp., with (28a) a mined 
Potentilla leaf. From Stainton (1854, Plate X).> 
kirbypsy.jpg <@subject Canephora (with larva), Psyche, Oreopsyche> 
lchpsy01.gif <@subject Psyche casta: neuration> 
meyr834.gif <@subject Taleporia tubulosa: neuration> 
psyneu01.gif <@subject neuration: Acanthopsyche, Psyche> 
 
# \i{}Pyralidae\i0{}/ 
leech031.jpg <@subject Endotrichea (Pyralinae), with Anania, Eurrhypara,
Pyrausta and Udea (Pyraustinae): Leech, 1886> 
<@imagenotes x=407 y=259 
t=PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE: 1, \i{}Pyrausta 
sanguinalis\i0{}; 2, \i{}Pyrausta 
despicata\i0{}; 3, \i{}Pyrausta cingulata\i0{}; 
4, \i{}Pyrausta nigrata\i0{}. 5, \i{}Anania 
funebris\i0{}. 6, \i{}Agroptera nemoralis\i0{}. 
8, \i{}Eurrhypara hortulata\i0{} (Small Magpie). 
9, \i{}Udea alpinis\i0{}; 10, \i{}Udea 
lutealis\i0{}; 11, \i{}Udea olivalis\i0{}; 12, 
\i{}Udea prunalis\i0{}. PYRALIDAE-PYRALINAE. 7, 
\i{}Endotricha flammealis\i0{}. Leech, 1886.> 
leech021.jpg <@subject Odontiinae, Pyralinae and Pyraustinae, with 
Hypeninae: Leech, 1886> 
<@imagenotes x=455 y=11 
t=NOCTUIDAE. 1, \i{}Herminia grisealis\i0{} 
(Small Fan-foot). 2, \i{}Macrochilo 
cribrumalis\i0{} (Dotted Fan-foot). 3, 
\i{}Laspeyria flexula\i0{} (Beautiful Hook-tip). 
PYRALIDAE-ODONTIINAE. 4, \i{}Cynaeda 
dentalis\i0{}. PYRALIDAE-PYRALINAE. 5, 
\i{}Hypsopygia costalis\i0{} (Gold Triangle). 6, 
\i{}Pyralis farinalis\i0{} (Meal Moth). 7, 
\i{}Orthopygia glaucinalis\i0{}. 8, \i{}Aglossa 
pinguinalis\i0{} (Large Tabby); 9, \i{}Aglossa 
caprealis\i0{} (Small Tabby). 10, \i{}Synaphe 
punctalis\i0{}. PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE. 11, 
\i{}Pyrausta aurata\i0{}; 12, \i{}Pyrausta 
purpuralis\i0{}; 13, \i{}Pyrausta 
ostrinalis\i0{}. Leech, 1886.> 
leech041.jpg <@subject Pyraustinae (Algedonia, Ebulea, Mecyna, 
Opsibotys, 
Ostrinia, Paratalanta, Pleuroptya): Leech, 1886> 
<@imagenotes x=431 y=13 
t=PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE. 1, \i{}Udea 
ferruginalis\i0{} (Rusty-dot Pearl); 2, \i{}Udea 
decrepitalis\i0{}. 3, \i{}Uresiphyta 
polygonalis\i0{}. 4, \i{}Ostrinia nubilalis\i0{} 
(European Corn-borer). 5, \i{}Paratalanta 
pandalis\i0{}. 6, \i{}Mecyna flavalis 
flaviculalis\i0{}. 7, \i{}Paratalanta 
hyalinalis\i0{}. 8, \i{}Pleuroptya ruralis\i0{} 
(Mother of Pearl). 9, \i{}Opsibotys 
fuscalis\i0{}. 10, \i{}Algedonia terrealis\i0{}. 
11, \i{}Ebulea crocealis\i0{}. Leech, 1886.> 
leech051.jpg <@subject Evergestis spp. (Evergestinae), with Anania, 
Loxostege, Palpita, Perinephela, Phlyctaenia, 
Psammotis, Sitochroa (Pyraustinae): Leech, 1886> 
<@imagenotes x=448 y=8 
t=PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE. 1, \i{}Anania 
verbascalis\i0{}. 2, \i{}Phlyctaenia 
coronata\i0{}; 3, \i{}Phlyctaenia 
stachydalis\i0{}. 4, \i{}Loxostege 
sticticalis\i0{}. 5, \i{}Sitochroa 
palealis\i0{}; 6, \i{}Sitochroa verticalis\i0{}. 
7, \i{}Psammotis pulveralis\i0{}. 11, 
\i{}Perinephela lancealis\i0{}. 12, \i{}Palpita 
vitrealis\i0{}. PYRALIDAE- EVERGESTINAE. 8, 
\i{}Evergestis forficalis\i0{} (Garden Pebble); 
9, \i{}Evergestis extimalis\i0{}; 10, 
\i{}Evergestis pallidata\i0{}. Leech, 1886.> 
leech061.jpg <@subject Pyraustinae (Antigastra, Diasemia, Diasemiopsis, 
Dolicharthria and Nascia, and Nymphulinae (Acentria, 
Cataclysta, Elophila, Nymphula and Paraponyx: Leech, 
1886> 
<@imagenotes x=485 y=13 
t=PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE. 1, \i{}Diasemia 
reticularis\i0{}. 2, \i{}Diasemiopsis 
ramburialis\i0{}. 3, \i{}Antigastra 
catalaunalis\i0{}. 4, \i{}Nascia cilialis\i0{}. 
5, \i{}Dolicharthria punctalis\i0{}. 
PYRALIDAE-NYMPHULINAE. 6, \i{}Cataclysta 
lemnata\i0{} (Small China-mark, female and 
male). 7, \i{}Paraponyx stratiotata\i0{} (Ringed 
China-mark, male and female). 8, \i{}Elophila 
nymphaeata\i0{} (Brown China-mark). 9, 
\i{}Nymphula stagnata\i0{} (Beautiful 
China-mark). 10, \i{}Acentria ephemerella\i0{} 
(Water Veneer). Leech, 1886).> 
leech111.jpg <@subject Galleriinae (Phycitodes binaevella and P. 
maritima), with Phycitinae (Cryptoblabes, Ephestia, 
Euzophera, Gymnacyla, Ortholepis and Plodia): Leech, 
1886> 
<@imagenotes x=424 y=13 
t=PYRALIDAE-GALLERIINAE. 1, \i{}Phycitodes 
binaevella\i0{}; 2, \i{}Phycitodes\i0{} 
(\i{}Rotruda\i0{}) \i{}maritima\i0{}. 
PYRALIDAE-PHYCITINAE. 3 and 7, \i{}Ephestia 
elutella\i0{} (Cacao Moth); 4, \i{}Ephestia\i0{} 
(\i{}Cadra\i0{}) \i{}cautella\i0{}; 5, 
\i{}Ephestia calidella\i0{}; 6, \i{}Ephestia 
figulilella\i0{} (Raisin Moth). 8, \i{}Euzophera 
pinguis\i0{}; 9, \i{}Euzophera cinerosella\i0{}. 
10, \i{}Cryptoblabes bistriga\i0{}. 11, 
\i{}Plodia interpunctella\i0{} (Indian Meal 
Moth). 12, \i{}Nephopteryx angustella\i0{}. 13, 
\i{}Gymnacyla canella\i0{}. 14, \i{}Ortholepis 
betulae\i0{}. Leech, 1886.> 
leech121.jpg <@subject Phycitinae (Acrobasis, Conobathra, Dioryctria, 
Pempelia, Pempeliella, Phycita, Pyla, Trachycera): 
Leech, 1886> 
<@imagenotes x=464 y=289 
t=PYRALIDAE-PHYCITINAE. 1, \i{}Pyla fusca\i0{}. 
2, \i{}Pempeliella dilutella\i0{}; 3, 
\i{}Pempeliella subornatella\i0{}; 4, 
\i{}Pempeliella ornatella\i0{}. 5, 
\i{}Dioryctria abietella\i0{}. 6, 
\i{}\i{}Phycita roborella\i0{}\i0{}. 7 and 12, 
\i{}Trachycera advenella\i0{}. 8, \i{}Pempelia 
genistella\i0{}; 9, \i{}Pempelia 
palumbella\i0{}; 10, \i{}Pempelia formosa\i0{}. 
11, \i{}Acrobasis consociella\i0{}. 13, 
\i{}Trachycera marmorea\i0{}; 14, \i{}Trachycera 
suavella\i0{}. 15, \i{}Conobathra 
repandana\i0{}; 16, \i{}Conobathra 
tumidana\i0{}. Leech, 1886.> 
leech131.jpg <@subject Galleriinae (Achroia, Aphomia, Corcyra and 
Galleria), with Hyphochalcia (Phycitinae) and Hypena 
obsitalis (Noctuidae): Leech, 1886> 
<@imagenotes x=465 y=269 
t=PYRALIDAE-PHYCINAE. 1, \i{}Hyphochalcia 
ahenella\i0{}. PYRALIDAE-GALLERIINAE. 2, 
\i{}Galleria mellonella\i0{} (Wax Moth). 3, 
\i{}Aphomia sociella\i0{} (Bee Moth). 4, 
\i{}Aphomia\i0{} (\i{}Melissoblaptes\i0{}) 
\i{}zelleri\i0{}. 5, \i{}Corcyra 
cephalonica\i0{} (Rice Moth). 6, \i{}Achroia 
grisella\i0{} (Lesser Wax Moth). 
NOCTUIDAE-RIVULINAE. 7, \i{}Hypena 
obsitalis\i0{} (Bloxworth Snout). Leech, 1886.> 
leech141.jpg <@subject Scopariinae (Eudonia truncicolella and 6 Scoparia
species): Leech, 1886> 
<@imagenotes x=444 y=319 
t=PYRALIDAE-SCOPARIINAE. 1, \i{}Scoparia 
subfusca\i0{}; 2, \i{}S. subfusca\i0{} var. 
\i{}zelleri\i0{}; 3, \i{}S. subfusca\i0{} var. 
\i{}scotica\i0{}. 4, \i{}Scoparia 
basistrigalis\i0{}; 5, \i{}Scoparia 
ambigualis\i0{}; 6, \i{}S. ambigualis\i0{} var. 
\i{}atomalis\i0{}. 7 and 8,\i{} Scoparia 
ulmella\i0{}, =\i{} S. ancipitella\i0{}. 9, 
\i{}Scoparia pyralella\i0{}; 10, \i{}S. 
pyralella\i0{} var. \i{}ingratella\i0{}. 11, 
\i{}Eudonia truncicolella\i0{}. Leech, 1886.> 
leech151.jpg <@subject Scopariinae (Dipleurina lacustrata and 9 species 
of 
Eudonia): Leech, 1886> 
<@imagenotes x=445 y=290 
t=PYRALIDAE-SCOPARIINAE. 1, \i{}Eudonia 
murana\i0{}; 2, \i{}E. delunella\i0{}; 3 and 5, 
\i{}Eudonia mercurella\i0{}. 4, \i{}Dipleurina 
lacustrata\i0{}. 6, \i{} Eudonia lineolea\i0{}; 
7, \i{}Eudonia angustea\i0{}; 8, \i{}Eudonia 
alpina\i0{}, male and female. 9, \i{}Eudonia 
pallida\i0{}. Leech, 1886.> 
hubscho.jpg <@subject Donacaula forficella and Schoenobius gigantella, 
with mainland-European S. consortella and Scirpophaga 
praelatella: Hbner (1796)> 
<@imagenotes x=472 y=179 
t=Current names for Hbners illustrations of 
Pyralidae-Schoenobiinae (1796-1813). 53, 
\i{}Schoenobius gigantella\i0{}; 56, 
\i{}Scirpophaga praelatella\i0{}; 220, 
\i{}Schoenobius consortella\i0{}; 296, 
\i{}Donacaula forficella\i0{}.> 
hubscop.jpg <@subject Hubners Scopariinae: 1796-1833> 
<@imagenotes x=871 y=883 
t=PYRALIDAE-SCOPARIINAE. 49, \i{}Scoparia 
pyralella\i0{} (\i{}dubitalis\i0{} Hbner); 146, 
\i{}Scoparia ochrealis\i0{}, = ?; 207, 
\i{}Scoparia pyralella\i0{} (\i{}dubitalis\i0{} 
(Hbner); 167, \i{}Scoparia pyralella\i0{}; 231, 
\i{}Dipleurina lacustrata\i0{} 
(\i{}crataegella\i0{} Hbner). Compiled from 
Hbners plates (volumes VI and VIII)- see 
accompanying document for details.> 
hubnymp.jpg <@subject Hbners Nymphulinae (1796)> 
<@imagenotes x=814 y=643 
t=PYRALIDAE-NYMPHULINAE illustrated in Hbner's 
Lepidoptera VI (1796). Current names: 82, cf. 
\i{}Nymphula nymphaeata\i0{}; 83 and 84, cf. 
\i{}Cataclysta lemnata\i0{}; 85, \i{}Elophila 
nymphaeata\i0{}; 87, \i{}Paraponyx 
stratiotata\i0{}. 222, \i{}Acentria sembris\i0{} 
(Hbner), cf. \i{}A. ephemerella\i0{}. See 
accompanying document for details.> 
hubeverg.jpg <@subject Hbners Evergestinae, 1797-1832> 
<@imagenotes x=879 y=36 
t=PYRALIDAE-EVERGESTINAE: current names. 46, 
\i{}Evergestis aenealis\i0{}; 48, \i{}Evergestis 
extimalis\i0{}; 50, \i{}Evergestis 
sophialis\i0{}; 53, \i{}Evergestis furvalis\i0{} 
Hbner, = ?; 55, \i{}Evergestis erucalis\i0{} 
Hubner, = ?; 58, \i{}Evergestis forficalis\i0{}; 
61, \i{}Evergestis politalis\i0{}; 62, 
\i{}Evergestis pallidata\i0{} (\i{}elutalis\i0{} 
Hbner); 120, \i{}Evergestis rufimitralis\i0{}, 
= ?. 135, \i{}Orenaia alpestralis\i0{}. 136, 
\i{}Evergestis politalis\i0{}; 171, 
\i{}Evergestis desertalis\i0{} (Hbner); 183, 
\i{}Evergestis politalis\i0{}. 190-200, 
\i{}Metaxmeste rupicolalis\i0{} Hbner, = ?. 
Compiled from plates of Hbner, Volume VI - see 
accompanying document for details.> 
hubodont.jpg <@subject Hbners Odontiinae, 1796-1823> 
<@imagenotes x=33 y=27 
t=PYRALIDAE-ODINTIINAE: current names. 25, 
\i{}Cynaeda dentalis\i0{}; 29, \i{}Eurrhypis 
pollinalis\i0{}; 41, cf. \i{}Titanio 
normalis\i0{} (Hbner); 42, \i{}Metaxmeste 
phrygialis\i0{} (Hbner); 92, \i{}Pelaea 
ramalis\i0{} (Hbner); 110, \i{}Titanio 
normalis\i0{} (Hbner); 112, 
\i{}holosericalis\i0{}, = ? (cf. 
\i{}Metaxmeste\i0{} sp.); 126, \i{}Tegostoma 
comparalis\i0{} (Hbner); 139, \i{}Metaxmeste 
rupicolalis\i0{} (Hbner), = ?; 142, 
\i{}Aporodes floralis\i0{} (Hbner); 173-174, 
\i{}Eurrhypis sartalis\i0{} (Hbner); 180, 
\i{}Titanio comitalis\i0{} (Hbner); 191-192, 
\i{}Epascestria\i0{} \i{}pustulalis\i0{} 
(Hbner). Compiled from plates of Hbner, Volume 
VI - see accompanying document for details.> 
hubglaph.jpg <@subject Glaphyriinae: \i{}Hellula undalis\i0{} (Hbner, 
1796)> 
hbpyrau1.jpg <@subject Hbners Pyraustinae (1), 1796> 
<@imagenotes x=903 y=12 
t=PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE (1): current names. 26, 
\i{}Pyrausta nigralis\i0{} (Hbner), = ?; 27, 
\i{}Anania funebris\i0{} (\i{}atralis\i0{}); 28, 
cf. \i{}Diaphania hyalinata\i0{} 
(\i{}marginalis\i0{}); 30, \i{}Pyrausta 
cingulata\i0{} (cingulalis); 31, cf. 
\i{}Spoladea recurvalis\i0{} (fascialis); 32, 
\i{}Pyrausta nigrata\i0{} (\i{}anguinalis\i0{} 
(Hbner); 33, \i{}Pyrausta sanguinalis\i0{}; 34, 
\i{}Pyrausta aurata\i0{} (\i{}punicealis\i0{}); 
35, \i{}Pyrausta purpuralis\i0{}; 36, 
\i{}Pyrausta porphyralis\i0{}; 37, \i{}Pyrausta 
coccinalis\i0{} (Hbner), = ?; 39, \i{}Pyrausta 
despicata\i0{} (\i{}cespitalis\i0{}); 40, 
\i{}Pyrausta despicata\i0{} (\i{}sordidalis\i0{} 
Hbner); 41, cf. \i{}Titanio normalis\i0{} 
(Hbner); 42, \i{}Metaxmeste phrygialis\i0{} 
(Hbner). Compiled from plates of Hbner, Volume 
VI - see accompanying document for details.> 
hbpyrau2.jpg <@subject Hbners Pyraustinae (2), 1796> 
<@imagenotes x=848 y=124 
t=PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE (2): current names. 44, 
\i{}Pyrausta aerealis\i0{} (Hubner); 45, 
\i{}Opsibotys fuscali\i0{}s; 47, \i{}Mimudea 
ochrealis\i0{} (Hbner), = ?; 51, \i{}Udea 
nebulalis\i0{} (Hbner); 54, \i{}Udea 
ferrugalis\i0{} (Hbner); 57, \i{}Pleuroptya 
ruralis\i0{} (\i{}verticalis\i0{}); 59, 
\i{}Anania verbascalis\i0{}; 60, \i{}Epipagis 
huronalis\i0{} (\i{}fenestralis\i0{} Hubner). 
Compiled from plates of Hbner, Volume VI - see 
accompanying document for details.> 
hbpyrau3.jpg <@subject Hbners Pyraustinae (3), 1796> 
<@imagenotes x=462 y=59 
t=PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE (3). 68, \i{}Mecyna 
trinalis\i0{}; 69, \i{}Mecyna flavalis\i0{}; 70, 
\i{}Sitochroa palealis\i0{}; 71, \i{}Ebulea 
crocealis\i0{} (Hbner); 72-73, \i{}Uresiphita 
limbalis\i0{}; 74, \i{}Paratalanta 
hyalinalis\i0{} (Hbner); 75, \i{}Anania 
funebris\i0{} (\i{}guttalis\i0{}); 76, 
\i{}Ostrinia quadripunctalis\i0{}; 77, \i{}Udea 
leucophaealis\i0{} (Hbner), = ?; 78, 
\i{}Eurhypara hortulata\i0{} 
(\i{}urticalis\i0{}); 79, \i{}Ecpyrrhorrhoe 
rubiginalis\i0{} (Hbner); 80, \i{}Anania 
verbascalis\i0{} (\i{}arcualis\i0{} Hbner). 
Compiled from plates of Hbner, Volume VI - see 
accompanying document for details.> 
hbpyrau4.jpg <@subject Hbners Pyraustinae (4), 1796> 
<@imagenotes x=32 y=19 
t=PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE (4): current names. 81, 
\i{}Phlyctaenia coronata\i0{} 
(\i{}sambucalis\i0{}); 86, \i{}Diasemia 
reticularis\i0{} (\i{}literalis\i0{}); 88, 
\i{}Algedonia luctualis\i0{} (Hbner); 89, 
\i{}Udea numeralis\i0{} (Hbner); 90, \i{}Achyra 
nudalis\i0{} (Hbner); 94, \i{}Ostrinia 
nubilalis\i0{} (Hbner); 98, \i{}Diaphania 
nitidalis\i0{}; 100, \i{}Agrotera 
nemoralis\i0{}; 101, \i{}Hymenia 
perspectalis\i0{} (Hbner); 102, \i{}Uresiphita 
diversalis\i0{} (Hbner), = ?; 103, \i{}Desmia 
funeralis\i0{} (Hbner); 106, \i{}Pyrausta 
rubricalis\i0{} (Hbner); 108, \i{}Palpita 
lucernalis\i0{} (Hbner); 109, \i{}Psammotis 
pulveralis\i0{} (Hbner); 113, \i{}Pyrausta 
ostrinalis\i0{} (Hbner); 114, \i{}Nomophila 
noctuella\i0{} (\i{}hybridalis\i0{} Hbner). 
Compiled from plates of Hbner, Volume VI - see 
accompanying document for details.> 
hbpyrau5.jpg <@subject Hbners Pyraustinae (5), 1796> 
<@imagenotes x=870 y=36 
t=PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE (5): current names. 115, 
\i{}Paracorsia pallidalis\i0{} (Hbner), = ?; 
116, \i{}Ostrinia silacealis\i0{} (Hbner), = 
\i{}O. nubialis\i0{} (Hbner); 117, cf. 
\i{}Perinephela lancealis\i0{} 
(\i{}glabralis\i0{}); 118, \i{}Mimudea 
albidalis\i0{} (Hbner), = ? (cf. 
\i{}Pyrausta\i0{}); 119, \i{}Nascia 
cilialis\i0{} (Hbner); 121, \i{}Uresiphita 
rusticalis\i0{} (Hbner), = ?; 123, \i{}Synaphe 
bombycalis\i0{}; 124, \i{}Synaphe punctalis\i0{} 
(\i{}angustalis\i0{}); 127, cf. \i{}Orthopygia 
glaucinalis\i0{}; 128, \i{}Achyra nudalis\i0{} 
(\i{}interpunctalis\i0{} Hbner); 129 and 131, 
\i{}Ostrinia palustralis\i0{} (Hbner); 132, 
\i{}Palpita unionalis\i0{} (Hbner); 133, 
\i{}Loxostege aeruginalis\i0{} (Hbner). 
Compiled from plates of Hbner, Volume VI - see 
accompanying document for details.> 
hbpyrau6.jpg <@subject Hbners Pyraustinae (6), 1796-1819> 
<@imagenotes x=416 y=100 
t=PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE (6): current names. 140, 
\i{}Dolicharthria punctalis\i0{}; 141, \i{}Udea 
prunalis\i0{} (\i{}nivealis\i0{}); 143, 
\i{}Eurrhypara perlucidalis\i0{} (Hbner); 145, 
\i{}Udea lutealis\i0{} (Hbner); 156, 
\i{}Loxostege scutalis\i0{} (Hbner); 162, cf. 
\i{}Udea olivalis\i0{}; 168, \i{}Loxostege 
clathralis\i0{} (Hbner); 169-170, \i{}Pyrausta 
opacalis \i0{} (Hbner), = ?; 175-176, \i{}Udea 
alpinalis\i0{}; 177, \i{}Sitochroa 
selenalis\i0{} (Hbner), = ?; 178, \i{}Pyrausta 
haematalis\i0{} (Hbner), = ?; 182, \i{}Udea 
institalis\i0{}; 184, \i{}Nomophila 
noctuella\i0{} (\i{}hybridalis\i0{} Hbner). 
Compiled from plates of Hbner, Volume VI - see 
accompanying document for details.> 
hbpyrau7.jpg <@subject Hbners Pyraustinae (7), 1819-1833> 
<@imagenotes x=80 y=88 
t=PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE (7): current names. 185, 
\i{}Mecyna asinalis\i0{} (Hbner); 187-180, 
\i{}Metasia suppandalis\i0{} (Hbner); 195-197, 
\i{}Loxostege manualis\i0{} (Geyer in Hbner); 
204-205, \i{}Uresiphita polygonalis\i0{}. 
Compiled from plates of Hbner, Volume VI - see 
accompanying document for details.> 
hubpyral.jpg <@subject Hbners Pyralinae, 1796-1813> 
<@imagenotes x=839 y=67 
t=PYRALIDAE-PYRALINAE: current names. 20, 
\i{}Synaphe bombycalis\i0{}; 21, \i{}Synaphe 
punctalis\i0{}; 24, \i{}Aglossa 
pinguinalis\i0{}; 91, \i{}Synaphe 
connectalis\i0{}, = ?; 95, \i{}Pyralis 
farinalis\i0{}; 96, \i{}Herculia rubidalis\i0{}; 
97, cf. \i{}Hypsopygia costalis\i0{} 
(\i{}fimbrialis\i0{}); 99, \i{}Endotricha 
flammealis\i0{}; 105, cf. \i{}Pyralis 
regalis\i0{}; 137, \i{}Hypotia corticalis\i0{}; 
153, \i{}Aglossa caprealis\i0{} (Hbner); 155, 
\i{}Hypotia corticalis\i0{}; 158, 
\i{}Synaphe\i0{} sp. (\i{}netricalis\i0{}). 
Compiled from Hbner, Volume VI - see 
accompanying document for details.> 
hubgalle.jpg <@subject Hbners Galleriinae, 1796-1803> 
<@imagenotes x=65 y=827 
t=PYRALIDAE-GALLERIINAE: current names. 22, 
\i{}Aphomia sociella\i0{} (\i{}tribunella\i0{}); 
23, cf. \i{}Aphommia sociella\i0{} 
(\i{}colonella\i0{}); 24, \i{}Aphomia 
sociella\i0{}; 25, \i{}Galleria mellonella\i0{}; 
91, \i{}Achroia grisella\i0{} 
(\i{}cinereola\i0{} Hubner). Compiled from 
Hbner, Volumes III and VIII - see accompanying 
document for details.> 
hubphyc1.jpg <@subject Hbners Phycitinae (1), 1796-1823> 
<@imagenotes x=43 y=19 
t=PYRALIDAE-PHYCITINAE (1). 34, 
\i{}convolutella\i0{} Hbner, = \i{}Zophodia 
grossulariella\i0{} (Hbner); 35, 
\i{}Hypochalcia lignella\i0{} (Hubner); 41, 
\i{}Hypochalcia aeneella\i0{} (Hubner); 42, cf. 
\i{}Eucarphia vinetella\i0{}; 64, \i{}Selagia 
argyrella\i0{}; 65, \i{}Oncocera 
sanguinella\i0{} (Hbner); 66, \i{}Oncocera 
semirubella\i0{} (\i{}carnella\i0{}); 67, 
\i{}Myelois circumvoluta\i0{} 
(\i{}cribrella\i0{} Hbner) 68, \i{}Nephopteryx 
angustella\i0{} (Hbner); 69, \i{}Pempeliella 
dilutella\i0{}; 70, \i{}Pempelia 
palumbella\i0{}; 157, cf. \i{}Homoesoma 
nebulella\i0{}; 163, \i{}Ephestia elutella\i0{} 
(Hbner); 215, \i{}Acrobasis obtusella\i0{} 
(Hbner); 225, labelled \i{}spadicella\i0{}, = ? 
(surely not conspecific with 226!); 226, 
\i{}Selagia spadicella\i0{} (Hbner); 238, 
\i{}lobella\i0{} = \i{}Anerastia lotella\i0{} 
(Hbner); 241, cf. \i{}Myelois tetricella\i0{}; 
254, \i{}Epischnia prodromella\i0{} (Hbner); 
301, \i{}Hypochalcia decorella\i0{} (Hbner); 
310, \i{}Plodia interpunctella\i0{} (Hbner). 
Compiled from Hbner, Volume VIII - see 
accompanying document for details.> 
hubphyc2.jpg <@subject Hbners Phycitinae (2), 1796-1836> 
<@imagenotes x=872 y=899 
t=PYRALIDAE-PHYCITINAE (2): current names. 328, 
\i{}Acrobasis consociella\i0{} (Hbner); 
274-275, \i{}Selagia janthinella\i0{} (Hbner), 
= ?; 334, \i{}Anerastia lotella\i0{} (Hbner); 
340, \i{}Catastia auriciliella\i0{} (Hbner), = 
?; 383, \i{}Phycitodes binaevella\i0{} (Hbner); 
451, \i{}Nyctegretis achatinella\i0{} (Hbner); 
466-468, cf. \i{}Hypochalcia germarella\i0{} 
(Duponchel); 472, \i{}Rhodophaea 
dibaphiella\i0{} (Hbner), = ? (cf. 
\i{}Pempelia\i0{}). Compiled from Hbner, Volume 
VIII - see accompanying document for details.> 
hubphyc3.jpg <@subject Hbners Phycitinae (3), 1796> 
<@imagenotes x=872 y=899 
t=PYRALIDAE-PHYCITINAE (3): current names. 71, 
\i{}Rhodophaea legatella\i0{} (Hbner), = ?; 72, 
\i{}Oncocera palumbella\i0{} 
(\i{}contubernella\i0{} Hbner); 73, 
\i{}Conobathra tumidana\i0{} 
(\i{}verrucella\i0{} Hbner); 74, \i{}Dioryctria 
abietella\i0{} (\i{}decuriella\i0{} Hbner); 75, 
\i{}Phycita roborella\i0{} (\i{}spisicella\i0{}, 
= spissicella); 76, \i{}Trachonitis 
cristella\i0{} (Hbner); 77, \i{}Pempelia 
criptella\i0{} (Hbner), = ?. Compiled from 
Hbner, Volume VIII - see accompanying document 
for details.> 
pho108.jpg <@subject Endotricha flammealis (specimens): photo> 
<@imagenotes x=64 y=895 
t=PYRALIDAE-PYRALINAE. \i{}Endotricha 
flammealis\i0{}. 24/7/56, Holme Fen, Hunts. L. 
Watson.> 
pho101.jpg <@subject Eurrhypara hortulata (Small Magpie - specimens): 
photo> 
<@imagenotes x=75 y=896 
t=PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE. \i{}Eurrhypara 
hortulata\i0{}. June 1950, Leek, Staffs (nettle 
bed). L. Watson.> 
pho084.jpg <@subject Pyrausta aurata (specimens): photo> 
<@imagenotes x=501 y=10 
t=PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE. \i{}Pyausta aurata\i0{}. 
30/5/54, Dovedale, R.G. Warren/L. Watson.> 
pho079.jpg <@subject Pyrausta purpuralis (specimens): photo> 
<@imagenotes x=493 y=25 
t=PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE. \i{}Pyrausta 
purpuralis\i0{}. 27/7/56, Bedford Purlieus, near 
Peterborough. L. Watson.> 
pho093.jpg <@subject Pyralis farinalis (Meal Moth - specimens): photo> 
<@imagenotes x=469 y=80 
t=PYRALIDAE-PYRALINAE. \i{}Pyralis farinalis\i0{}. 
August 1956, Woodwalton Fen, Hunts. L. Watson.> 
kirby054.jpg <@subject Assorted Pyraloidea: Kirby> 
<@imagenotes x=439 y=2 
t=CRAMBIDAE. 23, \i{}Agriphila selasella\i0{} 
(Pale-streaked Veneer); 24, \i{}Catoptria 
pinella\i0{} (Pearl Veneer). 
PYRALIDAE-ODONTINAE. 1, \i{}Cynaeda 
dentalis\i0{} (Starry Brindle). 
PYRALIDAE-PYRALINAE. 2, \i{}Pyralis 
farinalis\i0{} (Meal Moth); 3, \i{}Aglossa 
pinguinalis\i0{} (Tabby). PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE. 
6, \i{}Pyrausta purpuralis\i0{} (Crimson and 
Gold Moth); 7, \i{}Pyrausta sanguinalis\i0{} 
(Scarce Crimson and Gold); 8, \i{}Pyrausta 
nigrata\i0{} (Wavy-barred Sable); 9, \i{}Anamia 
funebris\i0{} (White Spot); 10, \i{}Agrotera 
nemoralis\i0{} (Rare Rosy-flounced Moth); 13, 
\i{}Palpita unionalis\i0{}; 14, \i{}Mecyna 
flavalis\i0{} (Gold China Mark); 15, 
\i{}Microstega hyalinalis\i0{} (Scarce Pearl); 
16, \i{}Pleuropta ruralis\i0{} (Mother-of-pearl 
Moth); 17, \i{}Eurrhapara hortulata\i0{} (Small 
Magpie); 18, \i{}Eurrhapara coronata\i0{} 
(Garden China Mark); 20, \i{}Uresiphita 
limbalis\i0{}. PYRALIDAE- SCOPARIINAE. 21, 
\i{}Scoparia arundinata\i0{} (Hoary Grey). 
PYRALIDAE- SCHOENOBIINAE. 22. \i{}Schoenobius 
gigantella\i0{} (Giant Veneer). 
PYRALIDAE-GALLERIINAE. 27, \i{}Galleria 
melonella\i0{} (Honeycombe moth). 
PYRALIDAE-NYMPHULINAE. 11, \i{}Cataclysta 
lemnata\i0{} (Small China Mark); 12, 
\i{}Nymphula nymphaeata\i0{} (Beautiful China 
Mark). PYRALIDAE-PHYCITINAE. 26, \i{}Oncocera 
semirubella\i0{} (Rosy Veneer). PTEROPHORIDAE. 
28, \i{}Emmelina monodactyla\i0{} (Common 
Plume); 29, \i{}Leioptilus carphodactyla\i0{} 
(Citron Plume); 30, \i{}Pterophorus 
pentadactyla\i0{} (White Plume). ALUCITIDAE. 31, 
\i{}Alucita hexadactyla\i0{} (Twenty-plume 
Moth). TORTICOIDEA (q.v.). 32-35. 
MAINLAND-EUROPEAN species. 4, Eurrhypis 
pollinalis (Crambidae); 5, Metaxmeste phrygialis 
(Crambidae); 19, Loxostege aeruginalis 
(Crambidae); 25, "\i{}Myelophila cribrum\i0{}", 
= ?. From Kirby (1907, Plate 54, with names 
updated> 
bent497.jpg <@subject Acentria ephemerella (~Acentropus Curtis. 
False-caddis, Water-veneer: B. Ent. 497)> 
text497.gif <@subject Acentria ephemerella (B. Ent. 497, legend+text)> 
<@imagenotes x=24 y=12 
t=The original description of this remarkably 
trichopteroid lepidopteran is interesting for the 
taxonomic argument, couched in quite modern 
cladistic terms, which led Curtis to assign it to 
the Trichoptera. In the absence of information on 
the larval stage, the error is understandable.> 
text4971.gif <@subject Acentria ephemerellaa (B. Ent. 497, text cont.)> 
bent455.jpg <@subject Aglossa pinguinalis (Mendip Tabby: B. Ent. 455)> 
text455.gif <@subject Aglossa pinguinalis (legend+text: B. Ent. 455)> 
text4551.gif <@subject Aglossa pinguinalis (text. cont.: B. Ent. 455)> 
bent587.jpg <@subject Galleria mellonella (Honeycomb Moth): B. Ent. 587>
text5871.gif <@subject Galleria mellonella: B. Ent. 587, legend+text> 
text5872.gif <@subject Galleria mellonella: B. Ent. 587, text cont.> 
bent503.jpg <@subject Pyralis pictalis (Curtis): Painted Meal Tabby. B. 
Ent. 503> 
text503.gif <@subject Pyralis pictalis (B. Ent. 503, legend+text)> 
text5031.gif <@subject Pyralis pictalis (B. Ent. 503, text cont.)> 
bent7271.jpg <@subject Donacaula (Schoenobius) forficella (Lance-winged 
Veneer): B. Ent. 727> 
text7271.gif <@subject Donacaula (Schoenobius) forficella: B. Ent. 727, 
legend+text> 
text7272.gif <@subject Donacaula (Schoenobius) forficella: B. Ent. 727, 
text cont.> 
bent170.jpg <@subject Eudonea murana (Curtis): Scotch Gray, Wall Grey. 
B. 
Ent. 170> 
text170.gif <@subject Eudonea murana (B. Ent. 170, legend+text> 
text1701.gif <@subject Eudonea murana (B. Ent. 170, text cont.> 
bent495.jpg <@subject Parapoynx stratiotata (Ringed China-mark: B. Ent. 
495)> 
text4951.gif <@subject Parapoynx stratiotata: B. Ent. 495, legend+text> 
text4952.gif <@subject Parapoynx stratiotata: B. Ent. 495, text cont.> 
bent559.jpg <@subject Nascia cilialis (Original generic decription. 
Orange-rayed Pearl: B. Ent. 559)> 
text559.gif <@subject Nascia cilialis (B. Ent. 559, legend+text)> 
text5591.gif <@subject Nascia cilialis (B. Ent. 559, text cont.)> 
bent563.jpg <@subject Cynaeda dentalis (Starry Brindle, Starry Brindled 
Pearl: B. Ent. 563)> 
text5631.gif <@subject Cynaeda dentalis: B. Ent. 563, legend+text> 
text5632.gif <@subject Cynaeda dentalis: B. Ent. 563, text cont.> 
step0331.jpg <@subject Cynaeda dentalis: Stephens IV, 1834> 
bent128.jpg <@subject Pyrausta cingulata (Silver-barred Sable: B. Ent. 
128)> 
text1281.gif <@subject Pyrausta cingulata: B. Ent. 128, legend+text> 
bent312.jpg <@subject Dolicharthria punctalis (Long-legged China-mark: 
B. 
Ent. 312)> 
text3121.gif <@subject Dolicharthria punctalis: B. Ent. 312, 
legend+text> 
text3122.gif <@subject Dolicharthria punctalis: B. Ent. 312, text cont.>
bent3121.jpg <@subject Dolicharthria punctalis (detail: B. Ent. 312)> 
text312.gif <@subject Dolicharthria punctalis (legend+text: B. Ent. 
312)> 
bent233.jpg <@subject Euzophera pinguis (Tabby Knot-horn: B. Ent. 233)> 
text2331.gif <@subject Euzophera pinguis: B. Ent. 233, legend+text> 
text2332.gif <@subject Euzophera pinguis: B. Ent. 233, text cont.> 
lchpyr02.jpg <@subject Pyralinae (4 genera)> 
lchpyr03.jpg <@subject Endotrichinae, Evergestiinae, Odontiinae> 
lchpyr04.jpg <@subject Scopariinae (Eudonia, Scoparia)> 
lchpyr05.jpg <@subject Pyraustinae (several genera)> 
cbus066.jpg <@subject Oncocera semirubella (Phycitinae, specimens): 
photo> 
<@imagenotes x=815 y=189 
t=PYRALIDAE-PHYCITINAE.\i{} Oncocera 
semirubella\i0{}. 19/7/57, Swanage, L. Watson.> 
lchpyr01.gif <@subject Phycitinae: neuration (Ephestia elutella)> 
lchpyr02.gif <@subject Pyralinae: neuration (Endotricha flammealis)> 
lch247.jpg <@subject Galleriinae: Galleria mellonella> 
pyrneu01.gif <@subject neuration: Phycitinae, Galleriinae, Pyraustinae, 
Pyralinae> 
 
# \i{}Pterophoridae\i0{}/ 
bent471.jpg <@subject Agdistis meridionalis (Sea-side Plume: B. Ent. 
471)> 
text471.gif <@subject Agdistis meridionalis: B. Ent. 471, legend+text> 
text4712.gif <@subject Agdistis meridionalis: B. Ent. 471, text cont.> 
leech161.jpg <@subject Agdistis, Amblyptilia, Cnaemidophorus, Oxyptilus 
and Platyptilia: Leech, 1886> 
<@imagenotes x=491 y=16 
t=PTEROPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Agdistis bennetii\i0{}. 
2, \i{}Cnaemidophorus rhododactyla\i0{}; 3, 
\i{}C. rhododactyla\i0{} var. \i{}bertram\i0{}. 
4, \i{}Platyptilia ochrodactyla\i0{}; 5, 
\i{}Platyptilia isodactylus\i0{}; 6, 
\i{}Platyptilia gonodactyla\i0{}; 7, 
\i{}Platyptilia calodactyla\i0{}; 8, \i{}P. 
calodactyla\i0{} var. taeniadactylus. 9 and 10, 
\i{}Amblyptilia acanthadactyla\i0{} (the latter 
as \i{}A. cosmodactyla\i0{}). 11, \i{}Oxyptilus 
distans\i0{}; 12, \i{}O. distans\i0{} var. 
\i{}laetus\i0{}. Leech, 1886.> 
leech171.jpg <@subject Capperia, Emmelina, Euleioptilus, Hellinsia, 
Marasmarcha, Oidaematophorus, Ovendenia, Oxyptilus 
and Stenoptilia: Leech, 1886> 
<@imagenotes x=465 y=10 
t=PTEROPHORIDAE. 1, \i{}Oxyptilus 
pilosellae\i0{}. 2, \i{}Capperia 
britanniodactyla\i0{}. 3, \i{}Oxyptilus 
parvidactylus\i0{}. 4, \i{}Marasmarcha 
lunaedactyla\i0{}. 5, \i{}Stenoptilia 
bipunctidactyla\i0{}; 6, \i{}Stenoptilia 
zophodactylus\i0{}; 7, \i{}Stenoptilia 
pterodactyla\i0{}. 8, \i{}Oidaematophorus 
lithodactyla\i0{}. 9, \i{}Emmelina 
monodactyla\i0{}. 10, \i{}Ovendenia 
lienigianus\i0{}. 11, \i{}Euleioptilus 
tephradactyla\i0{}. 12, \i{}Hellinsia 
osteodactyla\i0{}. Leech, 1886.> 
step0413.jpg <@subject Cnaemidophorus rhododactyla: Stephens IV, 1834> 
bent161.jpg <@subject Pterophorus spilodactylus (Hore-hound Plume: B. 
Ent. 
161)> 
text1611.gif <@subject Pterophorus spilodactylus: B. Ent. 161, 
legend+text> 
text1612.gif <@subject Pterophorus spilodactylus: B. Ent. 161, text 
cont.> 
kirby054.jpg <@subject Assorted Pyraloidea: Kirby> 
<@imagenotes x=439 y=2 
t=CRAMBIDAE. 23, \i{}Agriphila selasella\i0{} 
(Pale-streaked Veneer); 24, \i{}Catoptria 
pinella\i0{} (Pearl Veneer). 
PYRALIDAE-ODONTINAE. 1, \i{}Cynaeda 
dentalis\i0{} (Starry Brindle). 
PYRALIDAE-PYRALINAE. 2, \i{}Pyralis 
farinalis\i0{} (Meal Moth); 3, \i{}Aglossa 
pinguinalis\i0{} (Tabby). PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE. 
6, \i{}Pyrausta purpuralis\i0{} (Crimson and 
Gold Moth); 7, \i{}Pyrausta sanguinalis\i0{} 
(Scarce Crimson and Gold); 8, \i{}Pyrausta 
nigrata\i0{} (Wavy-barred Sable); 9, \i{}Anamia 
funebris\i0{} (White Spot); 10, \i{}Agrotera 
nemoralis\i0{} (Rare Rosy-flounced Moth); 13, 
\i{}Palpita unionalis\i0{}; 14, \i{}Mecyna 
flavalis\i0{} (Gold China Mark); 15, 
\i{}Microstega hyalinalis\i0{} (Scarce Pearl); 
16, \i{}Pleuropta ruralis\i0{} (Mother-of-pearl 
Moth); 17, \i{}Eurrhapara hortulata\i0{} (Small 
Magpie); 18, \i{}Eurrhapara coronata\i0{} 
(Garden China Mark); 20, \i{}Uresiphita 
limbalis\i0{}. PYRALIDAE- SCOPARIINAE. 21, 
\i{}Scoparia arundinata\i0{} (Hoary Grey). 
PYRALIDAE- SCHOENOBIINAE. 22. \i{}Schoenobius 
gigantella\i0{} (Giant Veneer). 
PYRALIDAE-GALLERIINAE. 27, \i{}Galleria 
melonella\i0{} (Honeycombe moth). 
PYRALIDAE-NYMPHULINAE. 11, \i{}Cataclysta 
lemnata\i0{} (Small China Mark); 12, 
\i{}Nymphula nymphaeata\i0{} (Beautiful China 
Mark). PYRALIDAE-PHYCITINAE. 26, \i{}Oncocera 
semirubella\i0{} (Rosy Veneer). PTEROPHORIDAE. 
28, \i{}Emmelina monodactyla\i0{} (Common 
Plume); 29, \i{}Leioptilus carphodactyla\i0{} 
(Citron Plume); 30, \i{}Pterophorus 
pentadactyla\i0{} (White Plume). ALUCITIDAE. 31, 
\i{}Alucita hexadactyla\i0{} (Twenty-plume 
Moth). TORTICOIDEA (q.v.). 32-35. 
MAINLAND-EUROPEAN species. 4, Eurrhypis 
pollinalis (Crambidae); 5, Metaxmeste phrygialis 
(Crambidae); 19, Loxostege aeruginalis 
(Crambidae); 25, "\i{}Myelophila cribrum\i0{}", 
= ?. From Kirby (1907, Plate 54, with names 
updated> 
meyneupt.gif <@subject forewing and hindwing neuration: Agdistis, 
Emmilina, Merrifielda, Platyptilia and Stenoptilia> 
 
# \i{}Riodinidae\i0{}/ 
bent316.jpg <@subject Hamearis lucina (Duke-of-Burgundy Fritillary: B. 
Ent. 316)> 
text316.gif <@subject Hamearis lucina (legend+text: B. Ent. 316)> 
text3162.gif <@subject Hamearis lucina: B. Ent. 316, text cont.> 
newmp31.jpg <@subject Hamearis lucina: Newman> 
<@text x=187 y=881 w=630 h=88 m 
t=\i{}Hamearis lucina\i0{} (Duke-of-Burgundy 
Fritillary). From Newman, 1871.> 
 
# \i{}Saturniidae\i0{}/ 
newmsatu.jpg <@subject Endromidae, Saturniidae: Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=108 y=166 
t=SATURNIIDAE: 1a-b, \i{}Saturnia pavonia\i0{} 
(Emperor, male and female). ENDROMIDAE: 2a-b, 
\i{}Endromis versicolor\i0{} (Kentish Glory, 
male and female). From Newman, 1869.> 
kirby030.jpg <@subject Saturnia pavonia (Emperor: male, female, larva, 
pupa, cocoon): Kirby 30> 
dpon0301.jpg <@subject Larvae, cocoon, pupa: Saturnia pavonia 
(Duponchel, 
1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=33 y=34 
t=Saturniidae. \i{}Saturnia pavonia\i0{} 
(Emperor). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.> 
huiiif56.jpg <@subject Saturnia pyri: Hubner III, 56> 
dpon0291.jpg <@subject Larva, cocoon, pupa: Saturnia pyri (Duponchel, 
1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=849 y=893 
t=Saturniidae. \i{}Saturnia pyri\i0{} (Great 
Peacock Moth). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.> 
lchsat01.gif <@subject Saturnia pavonia: neuration> 
 
# \i{}Satyridae\i0{}/ 
newmsat1.jpg <@subject Satyridae (1): Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=453 y=120 
t=1, \i{}Pararge aegeria\i0{} (Speckled Wood); 
2a-c, \i{}Lasiommata megera\i0{} (Wall Brown: 
male and female upper-sides, and female 
under-side); 3a-b, \i{}Erebia aethiops\i0{} 
(Scotch Argus or Northern Brown, upper- and 
under-sides); 4a-b, \i{}Erebia epiphron\i0{} 
(Mountain Ringlet, upper- and under-sides); 5, 
\i{}Erebia ligea\i0{} (Arran Brown, under-side 
showing the characteristic white mark); 6a-b, 
\i{}Melanargia galathea\i0{} (Marbled White, 
male upper-side and female under-side). From 
Newman, 1871.> 
mwhite01.jpg <@subject Melanargia galathea (Marbled White: Giles Watson,
photos)> 
<@imagenotes x=512 y=915 
t=\i{}Melanargia galathea\i0{} (Marbled White). 
Seven Barrows, Lambourn, Berks., July 2007. 
Giles Watson.> 
spwood01.jpg <@subject Pararge aegeria (Speckled Wood: photos, Giles 
Watson)> 
<@imagenotes x=923 y=21 
t=\i{}Pararge aegeria\i0{} (Speckled Wood). St. 
Mary's, Isles of Scilly, May 2006. Giles 
Watson.> 
newmsat2.jpg <@subject Satyridae (2): Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=435 y=959 
t=1a-d, \i{}Hipparchia semele\i0{} (Grayling: 
male and female, upper- and under-sides); 2a-c, 
\i{}Pyronia tithonus\i0{} (Gatekeeper: female, 
male and female under-side); 3a-c, \i{}Maniola 
jurtina\i0{} (Meadow Brown: male and female 
upper-sides, and female under-side); 3d, 
\i{}Maniola jurtina\i0{} (Meadow Brown, 
"bleached" form). From Newman, 1971.> 
newmsat3.jpg <@subject Satyridae (3): Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=457 y=447 
t=\i{}Aphantopus hyperantus\i0{} (The Ringlet). 
Upper-side (top left), and undersides 
exemplifying numerous variants. From Newman, 
1871.> 
ringl01.jpg <@subject Aphantopus hyperantus (The Ringlet: Giles Watson, 
photos)> 
<@imagenotes x=443 y=14 
t=\i{}Aphantopus hyperantus\i0{} (The Ringlet). 
Uffington, Oxon, July 2007. Giles Watson.> 
ringl02.jpg <@subject Aphantopus hyperantus (The Ringlet: Giles Watson, 
photo)> 
newmsat4.jpg <@subject Satyridae (4): Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=727 y=948 
t=1a-d, \i{}Coenonympha tullia\i0{} (The Large 
Heath, or Marsh Ringlet, upper-and under-sides, 
exemplifying Northern and Scottish forms); 
1e-1k, \i{}Coenonympha tullia\i0{} (Large Heath 
or Marsh Ringlet: upper-side (1e) and 
under-sides, exemplifying English and Welsh 
forms); 2a-b, \i{}Coenonympha pamphilus\i0{} 
(Small Heath, upper- and under-sides). From 
Newman, 1871.> 
bent205.jpg <@subject Coenonympha hero (Plastead's Brown Ringlet 
Butterfly - mainland-European, presented by Mr. Plastead: B. Ent. 205)> 
text2051.gif <@subject Coenonympha hero: B. Ent. 205, legend+text> 
bent2052.jpg <@subject Coenonympha hero (dissections: B. Ent. 205)> 
text2051.gif <@subject Coenonympha hero: B. Ent. 205, legend+text> 
text2052.gif <@subject Coenonympha hero (B. Ent. 205, text cont.>

bent205a.jpg <@subject Mainland-European \i{}Coenonympha arcania\i0{} 
('Plastead's Tawny Ringlet Butterfly'): B. Ent. 205*> 
text205a.gif <@subject \i{}Coenonympha arcania\i0{}. B. Ent. 205*, 
legend+text> 
text205b.gif <@subject \i{}Coenonympha arcania\i0{}. B. Ent. 205*, 
text cont.> 
step0071.jpg <@subject Mainland-European \i{}Coenonympha 
glycerion\i0{},  as \i{}Hipparchia iphis\i0{}. Stephens 1828> 
curhub04.jpg <@subject Maniola jurtina (Meadow Brown: Hbner/Curtis)> 
<(@subject Maniola jurtina (Meadow Brown)> 
curhub11.jpg <@subject Melanargia galathea (Marbled White: 
Hbner/Curtis)> 
curhub14.jpg <@subject Lasiommata (Pararge) megera (Wall Brown: 
Hbner/Curtis)> 
aegme01.jpg <@subject Lasiommata megera and Pararge aegeria: Kirby> 
kir118.jpg <@subject Lasiommata maera (Large-eyed Wall Brown: Kirby)> 
hubareth.jpg <@subject Arethusana arethusa (False Grayling: Hbner)> 
<@imagenotes x=63 y=48 
t=\i{}Arethusana arethusa\i0{} (False Grayling). 
From Hbner.> 
cole006.jpg <@subject Maniola, Pyronia, Erebia, Aphantopus (Browns: 
Coleman)> 
cole005.jpg <@subject Coenonympha, Erebia, Pararge, Hipparchia (Eumenis)
Browns: Coleman)> 
chazar01.jpg <@subject Chazara briseis> 
<@imagenotes x=406 y=25 
t=\i{}Chazara biseis\i0{} (The Hermit): 
uppersides of male (left) and female. From Le 
Cerf & Herbulot (1950).> 
dpap27.jpg <@subject Larvae and pupae of assorted Satyridae (Duponchel, 
1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=840 y=329 
t=Larvae and pupae. 74, \i{}Pyronia tithonus\i0{}; 
75, \i{}Aphantopus hyperanthus\i0{}; 76, 
\i{}Maniola jurtina\i0{}; 77, \i{}Pararge 
aegeria\i0{}.> 
 
# \i{}Schreckensteiniidae\i0{}/ 
bent6631.jpg <@subject Schreckensteinia festaliella (Oblong Gold-head 
Tinea): Br. Ent. 663> 
text6631.gif <@subject Schreckensteinia festaliella: Br. Ent. 663, 
legend+text> 
text6632.gif <@subject Schreckensteinia festaliella: Br. Ent. 663, text 
cont.> 
schrecst.jpg <@subject Schreckensteinia festaliella, details of head and
neuration> 
meyr705.gif <@subject Schreckensteinia festaliella, neuration> 
hubschre.jpg <@subject cf. Schreckensteinia festaliella: Hbner, 1800> 
<@imagenotes x=811 y=61 
t=Fig. 270, \i{}scissella\i0{} Hbner is now 
regarded as a synonym of \i{}Schreckensteinia 
festaliella\i0{} (Hubner); cf. his Fig. 449. 
From Hubner's plates - see accompanying document 
for details.> 
 
# \i{}Scythridae\i0{}/ 
staintin.jpg <@subject Stainton's representative 'Tineina'> 
<@imagenotes x=14 y=47 
t=Stainton's TINEINA (Scythridae italicised). 2, 
Ochsenheimeria birdella; 3, Tinea ganomella; 4, 
Eriocrania salopiella; 5, Nemophora metallica; 
6, Swammerdamia pyrella; 7, Yponomeuta sedella; 
8, Plutella xylostella; 9, Ypsolopha dentella; 
10, Agonopterix alstroemeriana; 11, Pexicopia 
malvella; 12, Chrysoesthia drurella; 13, 
Ypsolopha parenthesella; 14, Schiffermuelleria 
grandis; \i{}15, Scythris grandipennis\i0{}; 16, 
Glyphipteryx equitella; 17, Heliozela 
resplendella; 18, Argyresthia bonnetella; 19, 
Caloptilia alchimiella; 20, Coleophora lineola; 
21, Bedellia somnulentella; 22, Cosmopteryx 
lienigiella; 23, Mompha propinquella; 24, 
Elachista gangabella; 25, Elachista 
maculicerusella; 26, Emmetia marginea; 27, 
Phyllonorycter acerifoliella; 28, Phyllonorycter 
stettinensis; 29, Leucoptera malifoliella; 30, 
Ectoedemia sericopeza. From Stainton (1854, 
Plate IX).> 
lchscyt.jpg <@subject Scythris fuscoaenea> 
meyr723.gif <@subject Scythris fuscoaenea, neuration> 
 
# \i{}Sesiidae\i0{}/ 
newmaeg1.jpg <@subject The Sesiidae: Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=459 y=133 
t=SESIINAE: 1, \i{}Sesia apiformis\i0{} (Hornet 
Moth, Hornet Clearwing); 2, \i{}Sphecia 
bembeciformis\i0{} (Lunar Hornet Clearwing). 
AEGERIINAE: 3, \i{}Paranthrene tabaniformis\i0{} 
(Dusky Clearwing); 4, \i{}Synanthedon 
tipuliformis\i0{} (Currant Clearwing); 5, 
\i{}Synanthedon vespiformis\i0{} (Yellow-legged 
Clearwing); 6, \i{}Synanthedon culiciformis\i0{} 
(Large Red-belted Clearwing); 7, \i{}Synanthedon 
spheciformis\i0{} (White-barred Clearwing); 8, 
\i{}Synanthedon scoliaeformis\i0{} (Welsh 
Clearwing); 9, \i{}Synanthedon 
anthraciniformis\i0{} (Orange-tailed Clearwing); 
10, \i{}Synanthedon myopaeformis\i0{} 
(Red-belted Clearwing); 11, \i{}Synanthedon 
formicaeformis\i0{} (Red-tipped Clearwing); 12, 
\i{}Bembecia ichneumoniformis\i0{} (Six-belted 
Clearwing); 13, \i{}Pyropteron 
chrysidiformis\i0{} (Fiery Clearwing); 14, 
\i{}Synansphecia muscaeformis\i0{} (Thrift 
Clearwing). From Newman, 1869.> 
kirb021.jpg <@subject Assorted Sesiidae: Kirby> 
<@imagenotes x=916 y=17 
t=SESIINAE. 5, \i{}Sesia apiformis\i0{} (Hornet 
Clearwing); 6, \i{}Sphecia bembeciformis\i0{} 
(Lunar Hornet Clearwing); 7, \i{}Sesia 
melanocephala\i0{}. AEGERIINAE. 8, 
\i{}Paranthrene tabaniformis\i0{} (Dusky 
Clearwing); 9, \i{}Synanthedon scoliaeformis\i0{} 
(Welsh Clearwing); 10, \i{}Synanthedon 
spheciformis\i0{} (White-barred Clearwing); 11, 
\i{}Synanthedon tipuliformis\i0{} (Currant 
Clearwing); 12, \i{}Synanthedon 
conopiformis\i0{}; 13, \i{}Synanthedon 
vespiformis\i0{} (Yellow-legged Clearwing); 14, 
\i{}Synanthedon myopaeformis\i0{} (Red-belted 
Clearwing); 15, \i{}Synanthedon culiciformis\i0{} 
(Large Red-belted Clearwing); 16, \i{}Synanthedon 
formicaeformis\i0{} (Red-tipped Clearwing); 17, 
\i{}Bembicia ichneumonoformis\i0{} (Six-belted 
Clearwing); 18, \i{}Chamaesphecia 
empiformis\i0{}; 19, \i{}Pennisetia 
hylaeiformis\i0{} (Many-belted Clearwing). From 
Kirby (1907), with names updated.> 
bent053.jpg <@subject Bembecia ichneumoniformis (Six-belted Clearwing: 
B. 
Ent. 53)> 
text0531.gif <@subject Bembecia ichneumoniformis: B. Ent. 53, legend> 
bent0532.jpg <@subject Bembecia ichneumoniformis (dissections: B. Ent. 
53)> 
bent372.jpg <@subject Sesia bembeciformis (*Lunar Hornet Clearwing), 
Sesia 
apiformis (**Hornet-moth): B. Ent. 372> 
text3721.gif <@subject Sesia bembeciformis and Sesia apiformis: B. Ent. 
372, legend+text> 
text3722.gif <@subject Sesia bembeciformis and Sesia apiformis: B. Ent. 
372, text cont.> 
step0110.jpg <@subject Synanthedon spheciformis, S. vespiformis, S. 
myopaeformis, S. formicaeformis: Stephens I, 188> 
<@imagenotes x=436 y=409 
t=SESSIIDAE: \i{}Synanthedon\i0{} spp.: 1, 
\i{}S. spheciformis\i0{} (White-barred 
Clearwing); 2, \i{}S. vespiformis\i0{} 
(Yellow-legged Clearwing); 3, \i{}S. 
myopaeformis\i0{} (Red-belted Clearwing); 4, 
\i{}S. formicaeformis\i0{} (Red-tipped 
Clearwing). From J.F. Stephens, 1828.> 
sesneu.gif <@subject Sesia apiformis: neuration> 
 
# \i{}Sphingidae\i0{}/ 
newmsph1.jpg <@subject Acherontia, Agrius, Sphinx: Newman 1869> 
<@imagenotes x=851 y=249 
t=1, \i{}Agrius convolvuli\i0{} (Convolvulus 
Hawk); 2, \i{}Acherontia atropos\i0{} 
(Death's-head Hawk); 3, \i{}Sphinx ligustri\i0{} 
(Privet Hawk). From Newman, 1869.> 
newmsph2.jpg <@subject Daphnis, Hemaris, Laothoe, Macroglossum, Mimas, 
Smerinthus: Newman 1869> 
<@imagenotes x=852 y=16 
t=1, \i{}Smerinthus ocellata\i0{} (Eyed Hawk); 
2, \i{}Mimas tiliae\i0{} (Lime Hawk); 3, 
\i{}Laothoe populi\i0{} (Poplar Hawk); 4, 
\i{}Hemaris fuciformis\i0{} (Broad-bordered Bee 
Hawk-moth); 5, \i{}Hemaris tityus\i0{} 
(Narrow-bordered Bee Hawk-moth); 6, 
\i{}Macroglossum stellatarum\i0{} (Humming-bird 
Hawk-moth); 7, \i{}Daphnis nerii\i0{} (Oleander 
Hawk). From Newman, 1869.> 
humb01.jpg <@subject Macroglossum stellatarum (Humming-bird Hawk-moth 
hovering: Giles Watson, photos)> 
<@imagenotes x=919 y=23 
t=\i{}Macroglossum stellatarum\i0{} (Humming-bird 
Hawk-moth). St. Marys, Isles of Scilly. July 
2006, Giles Watson.> 
laopop01.jpg <@subject Laothoe populi (Poplar Hawk: Giles Watson, 
photo)> 
<@imagenotes x=16 y=30 
t=\i{}Laothoe populi\i0{} (Poplar Hawk). St. 
Marys, Isles of Scilly, light trap. Giles 
Watson.> 
agrcon01.jpg <@subject Agrius convolvuli (Convolvulus Hawk: photo)> 
<@imagenotes x=15 y=877 
t=\i{}Agrius convolvuli\i0{} (Convolvulus Hawk). 
St. Marys, Isles of Scilly, light trap, July 
2006. Giles Watson.> 
elpenpar.jpg <@subject Deilephila elpenor and ichneumonid parasite, 
Amblyjoppa proteus (photos)> 
<@imagenotes x=901 y=875 
t=The ichneumon \i{}Amblyjoppa proteus\i0{} is a 
common parasite of the Elephant Hawk 
(\i{}Deilephila elpenor\i0{}). The afflicted 
moth larva supports a single ichneumon to 
maturity, pupates, and is finally consumed by 
the parasite larva. The relatively large fly 
emerges from the pupa instead of the moth the 
following season. The imagines are depicted here 
approximately to scale. \par{}\par{}From 
Watson's collection, Leek, Staffs., 1953.> 
kirbpros.jpg <@subject Proserpinus proserpina (Green Humming-bird Hawk, 
Willowherb Hawk): Kirby> 
newmsph3.jpg <@subject Deilephila, Hippotion, Hyles, : Newman 1869> 
<@imagenotes x=884 y=121 
t=1, \i{}Hyles euphorbiae\i0{} (Spurge Hawk); 2, 
\i{}Hyles galii\i0{} (Bedstraw Hawk); 3, 
\i{}Hyles livornica\i0{} (Striped Hawk); 4, 
\i{}Deilephila elpenor\i0{} (Elephant Hawk); 5, 
\i{}Deilephila porcellus\i0{} (Small Elephant 
Hawk); 6, \i{}Hippotion celerio\i0{} 
(Silver-striped Hawk). From Newman, 1869.> 
bent147.jpg <@subject Acherontia atropos (Death's-head Hawk: B. Ent. 
147)> 
text147.gif <@subject Acherontia atropos (B. Ent. 147, legend+text)> 
text1471.gif <@subject Acherontia atropos (B. Ent. 147, text cont.)> 
bent626.jpg <@subject Daphnis nerii (Orleander Hawk): B. Ent. 626> 
text6261.gif <@subject Daphnis nerii: B. Ent. 626, legend+text> 
text6262.gif <@subject Daphnis nerii: B. Ent. 626, text cont.> 
huiif63.jpg <@subject Daphnis nerii: Hubner II, 63> 
huiif64.jpg <@subject Hyles euphorbiae, H. galii, H. livornica, H. 
nicaea: 
Hubner II> 
nasph054.jpg <@subject Hyles lineata (White-line Hawk-moth, American 
adventive): Weidemeyer, 1903> 
step0121.jpg <@subject Hyles livornica (Striped Hawk, female): Stephens 
I, 
1828> 
step0122.jpg <@subject Hyles galii (Bedstraw Hawk, female): Stephens I, 
1828> 
bent003.jpg <@subject Hyles euphorbiae: (Spurge Hawk: B. Ent. 3)> 
text0031.gif <@subject Hyles euphorbiae: B. Ent. 3, legend+text> 
text0032.gif <@subject Hyles euphorbiae: B. Ent. 3, text 2> 
text0033.gif <@subject Hyles euphorbiae: B. Ent. 3, text 3> 
text0034.gif <@subject Hyles euphorbiae: B. Ent. 3, text 4> 
bent7471.jpg <@subject Macroglossa stellatarum (Humming-bird Hawk): B. 
Ent. 747> 
text7471.gif <@subject Macroglossa stellatarum: B. Ent. 747, 
legend+text> 
text7472.gif <@subject Macroglossa stellatarum: B. Ent. 747, text cont.>
bent482.jpg <@subject Smerinthus ocellata (Eyed Hawk: B. Ent. 482)> 
text4821.gif <@subject Smerinthus ocellata: B. Ent. 482, legend+text> 
text4822.gif <@subject Smerinthus ocellata: B. Ent. 482, legend cont.> 
nod018.jpg <@subject Smerinthus ocellata (Eyed Hawk: Shaw and Nodder, 
1790)> 
nodt018.gif <@subject Smerinthus ocellata (Eyed Hawk: Shaw and Nodder, 
text)> 
huiif69.jpg <@subject Sphinx ligustri and Agrius convolvuli: Hubner II, 
69> 
nasph083.jpg <@subject Sphinx drupiferarum (Wild Cherry Sphinx, N. 
American adventive): Weidemeyer (1903)> 
nod752.jpg <@subject Agrius convolvuli (Convolvulus Hawk: Shaw and 
Nodder, 
about 1807)> 
nodt752.gif <@subject Agrius convolvuli (Convolvulus Hawk: Shaw and 
Nodder, text)> 
nasph093.jpg <@subject Agrius cingulata (Pink-spotted Hawk-moth, N. 
American adventive): Weidemeyer, 1903> 
nod372.jpg <@subject Daphnis nerii (Oleander Hawk: Shaw and Nodder, 
1799)> 
nodt372.gif <@subject Daphnis nerii (Oleander Hawk: Shaw and Nodder, 
text)> 
nod872.jpg <@subject Macroglossum stellatarum (Humming-bird Hawk: Shaw 
and 
Nodder, about 1810)> 
nodt872.gif <@subject Macroglossum stellatarum (Humming-bird Hawk: Shaw 
and Nodder, text)> 
nod803.jpg <@subject Laothoe populi (Poplar Hawk: Shaw and Nodder, about
1810)> 
nodt803.gif <@subject Laothoe populi (Poplar Hawk: Shaw and Nodder, 
text)> 
olean01.jpg <@subject Hyles (Celerio) livornica (Striped Hawk), Daphnis 
nerii (Oleander Hawk: Kirby)> 
kir0192.jpg <@subject Hyles hippophaes, Hippotion celerio 
(Silver-striped 
Hawk: Kirby)> 
<@text x=616 y=16 w=257 h=65 
t=Hippotion celerio> 
<@text x=20 y=903 w=270 h=65 
t=Hyles hippophaes> 
huiif167.jpg <@subject Hippotion celerio (Silver-striped Hawk): Hubner 
II, 
167> 
hippocel.jpg <@subject Hippotion celerio (Silver-striped Hawk): photo> 
hylivorn.jpg <@subject Hyles livornica (Striped Hawk): photo> 
bedpin01.jpg <@subject Hyloicus pinastri (Pine Hawk), Hyles galii 
(Bedstraw Hawk): Kirby> 
bent040.jpg <@subject Hemaris tityus (Narrow-bordered Bee Hawk: B. Ent. 
40)> 
text0401.gif <@subject Hemaris tityus: B. Ent. 40, legend+text> 
text0402.gif <@subject Hemaris tityus: B. Ent. 40, text cont.> 
humbird.jpg <@subject Hemaris tityus (Narrow-bordered Bee Hawk), Hemaris
fuciformis (Broad-bordered Bee Hawk), Macroglossum 
stellatarum (Humming-bird Hawk: Kirby)> 
limpop01.jpg <@subject Laothoe populi (Poplar Hawk), Mimas tiliae (Lime 
Hawk: Kirby)> 
bent195.jpg <@subject Manduca sexta (Tobacco Hawk-moth or Tomato Sphinx 
- 
adventive: B. Ent. 195)> 
text1951.gif <@subject Manduca sexta (B. Ent. 195, legend+text)> 
text1952.gif <@subject Manduca sexta (B. Ent. 195, text cont.)> 
nasph071.jpg <@subject Manduca quinquemaculatus, M. rustica and M. 
sexta: 
N. American adventives (Weidemeyer, 1903)> 
huiif67.jpg <@subject Hyloicus pinastri and Acherontia atropos: Hubner 
II, 
67> 
huiif72.jpg <@subject Laothe populi, Mimas tiliae and Smerithus 
ocellata: 
Hubner II, 72> 
kirby018.jpg <@subject Sphinx ligustri (Privet Hawk), Acherontia atropos
(Death's Head Hawk), Agrius (Herse) convolvuli 
(Convolvulus Hawk: Kirby)> 
deile01.jpg <@subject Deilephila elpenor (Elephant Hawk), Deilephila 
porcellus (Small Elephant Hawk: Kirby)> 
dpon041.jpg <@subject Larva and pupa: Acherontia atropos (Duponchel, 
1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=471 y=70 
t=Sphingidae. \i{}Acherontia atropos\i0{} 
(Deaths-head Hawk). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.> 
dpon0181.jpg <@subject Larvae, pupae: Sphinx ligustri, Agrius convolvuli
(Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=856 y=51 
t=Sphingidae. 1, \i{}Sphinx ligustri\i0{} 
(Privet Hawk). 2, \i{}Agrius convolvuli\i0{} 
(Convolvulus Hawk). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.> 
dpon0191.jpg <@subject Larvae, pupae: Daphnis nerii, Hyloicus pinastri 
(Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=871 y=43 
t=Sphingidae. 1, \i{}Daphnis nerii\i0{} 
(Oleander Hawk). 2, \i{}Hyloicus pinastri\i0{} 
(Pine Hawk). Duponchel and Gune, 1849.> 
dpon0401.jpg <@subject Larvae and pupae: Deilephila elpenor, Deilephila 
porcellus (Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=365 y=44 
t=Sphingidae. 1, \i{}Deilephila porcellus\i0{} 
(Small Elephant Hawk). 2, \i{}Deilephila 
elpenor\i0{} (Large Elephant Hawk). Duponchel 
and Gune, 1849.> 
dpon045.jpg <@subject Larvae, pupae: Hemaris fuciformis, Macroglossum 
stellatarum (Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=428 y=68 
t=Sphingidae. 1, \i{}Hemaris fuciformis\i0{} 
(Broad-bordered Bee-Hawk). 2, \i{}Macroglossum 
stellatarum\i0{} (Humming-bird Hawk). Duponchel 
and Gune, 1849.> 
dpon0211.jpg <@subject Larvae, pupa: Hyles euphorbiae, Hyles hippophaes 
(Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=88 y=283 
t=Sphingidae. 1, \i{}Hyles euphorbiae\i0{} 
(Spurge Hawk, two larval forms). 2, \i{}Hyles 
hippophaes\i0{} (Seathorn Hawk-moth). Duponchel 
and Gune, 1849.> 
dpon022.jpg <@subject Larvae and pupa: Hyles nicaea (Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=852 y=32 
t=Sphingidae. \i{}Hyles nicaea\i0{} 
(Mediterranean Hawk-moth). Duponchel and Gune, 
1849.> 
dpon0421.jpg <@subject Larvae, pupae: Laothoe populi, Mimas tiliae, 
Smerinthus ocellatus (Duponchel, 1849)> 
<@imagenotes x=34 y=26 
t=Sphingidae. 1, \i{}Smerinthus ocellata\i0{} 
(Eyed Hawk). 2 and 3, \i{}Laothoe populi\i0{} 
(Poplar Hawk). 4, \i{}Mimas tiliae\i0{} (Lime 
Hawk) Duponchel and Gune, 1849.> 
meyr3161.gif <@subject Deilephila porcellus: neuration> 
 
# \i{}Stathmopodidae\i0{}/ 
lch276.jpg <@subject Stathmopoda pedella> 
stathmst.jpg <@subject Stathmopoda pedella, details> 
<@imagenotes x=902 y=857 
t=3a-3d, \i{}Stathmopoda pedella\i0{}: fore- and 
hind-wings, head with antenna truncated, and 
detail of antenna base. From Stainton (1854, 
Plate VII).> 
 
# \i{}Thyatiridae\i0{}/ 
newmthya.jpg <@subject Thyatyridae: Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=893 y=928 
t=1, \i{}Habrosyne pyritoides\i0{} (Buff 
Arches); 2, \i{}Thyatira batis\i0{} (Peach 
Blossom); 3, \i{}Tethea ocularis\i0{} (Figure of 
Eighty); 4, \i{}Tethea or \i0{} (Poplar 
Lutestring); 5, \i{}Tetheella fluctuosa\i0{} 
(Satin Lutestring); 6, \i{}Ochropacha 
duplaris\i0{} (Common Lutestring); 7a, 
\i{}Cymatophorema diluta\i0{} (Oak Lutestring, 
var. ); 7b, \i{}Cymatophorema diluta\i0{} (Oak 
Lutestring, typical form); 8, \i{}Achyla 
flavicornis\i0{} (The Yellow Horned); 9, 
P\i{}olyploca ridens\i0{} (The Frosted Green). 
From Newman, 1869.> 
bent272.jpg <@subject Tethea ocularis (Figure-of-eighty: B. Ent. 272)> 
text2721.gif <@subject Tethea ocularis: B. Ent. 272, legend+text> 
text2722.gif <@subject Tethea ocularis: B. Ent. 272, text cont.> 
bent2722.jpg <@subject Tethea ocularis (dissections: B. Ent. 272)> 
text272.gif <@subject Tethea ocularis (legend+text: B. Ent. 272)> 
bent072.jpg <@subject Thyatira batis (Peach-blossom: B. Ent. 72)> 
text0721.gif <@subject Thyatira batis: B. Ent. 72, legend+text> 
text0722.gif <@subject Thyatira batis: B. Ent. 72, text cont.> 
kirbthy1.jpg <@subject Habrosyne, Tethea, Thyatira: Kirby 33 (part)> 
<@imagenotes x=912 y=834 
t=THYATIRIDAE: 3, \i{}Habrosyne pyritoides\i0{} 
(Buff arches); 4, \i{}Thyatira batis\i0{} 
(Peach-blossom); 5, \i{}Tethea ocularis\i0{} 
(Figure-of-eighty Moth); 6, \i{}Tethea or\i0{} 
(Poplar Lutestring);> 
ochpac02.jpg <@subject Ochropacha duplaris: (Common Lutestring, normal 
and 
melanic: photos)> 
<@imagenotes x=889 y=922 
t=\i{}Ochropacha duplaris\i0{} (Common 
Lutestring), normal and melanic. Figs. 2-4 
typify specimens collected around Leek (N. 
Staffs.) during the decade 1948-1958, which were 
all melanic. They presumably reflect industrial 
melanism, by contrast with the light specimen 
from Holme Fen, Northants. (1). \par{}\par{}From 
Watson's collection.> 
lchthy01.gif <@subject Habrosyne pyritoides: neuration> 
 
# \i{}Tineidae\i0{}/ 
sta13013.jpg <@subject Myrmecozela ochraceella: Stainton 13, I (1873)> 
<@imagenotes x=38 y=49 
t=TINEIDAE. 3, \i{}Myrmecozela ochraceella\i0{}. 
Larva (3a), and a larval run formed from bits 
of stick in the ants' nest spun together with 
silk (3b). Stainton 13, I (1873).> 
sta1301x.gif <@subject Stainton 13, I (1873): original legend.> 
stontine.jpg <@subject Tinea, Triaxomera and Trichophaga: Stainton 
(1859)> 
<@imagenotes x=890 y=122 
t=1, \i{}Tinea trinotella\i0{}; 2, 
\i{}Triaxomera fulvimitrella\i0{}; 3, 
\i{}Trichophaga tapetzella\i0{}. From Stainton 
(1859, with approximate wingspans added).> 
tineidst.jpg <@subject Acedes, Morophaga, Myrmecozela, Psychodes, 
Tineola: 
Stainton (1854)> 
<@imagenotes x=903 y=76 
t=2c, head of \i{}Psychodes verhuella\i0{}. 3, 
\i{}Acedes ganomella\i0{} (see also 10a-10c). 9c 
and 9d: \i{}Morophaga chloragella\i0{}, head of 
female, and part of antenna of male. 10a-c, 
fore- and hindwings, and head, of \i{}Acedes 
ganomella\i0{}. 10'a-10'c, fore- and hindwings, 
and head, of \i{}Tineola bisselliella\i0{}. 
10'''c, head of \i{}Myrmecozela 
ochraceella\i0{}. From Stainton (1854, Plates I, 
II, and IX).> 
staint10.jpg <@subject Larvae of 'Tineina': Stainton (1854)> 
<@imagenotes x=892 y=5 
t=1, OECOPHORIDAE: Diurnea fagella larva, and 
(1a) shown between united birch leaves. 2, 
PSYCHIDIDAE: Taleporia(?) larva, showing cases 
attached to lichen (2a), and a single case 
enlarged. 3, YPONOMEUTIDAE: Ochsenheimeria 
taurella, and (3a) a section of grass stem 
showing the larva in situ. \i{}4, TINEIDAE\i0{}: 
\i{}Tineola bisselliella\i0{}, with a gallery 
formed in feathers (4a); \i{}4b\i0{}, a case of 
\i{}Tinea pellionella\i0{} on a feather. 5, 
INCURVARIIDAE: Incurvaria praelatella, with a 
partially devoured wild strawberry leaf (5a), 
and a case from the underside. 6, Incurvaria 
pectinea, and (6a) the larva in its case feeding 
on a fallen oak leaf. 7, Lampronia capitella, 
with (7a) a currant shoot withering from the 
effects of the larva feeding in the stem. 8, 
YPONOMEUTIDAE: Swammerdamia pyrella, with (8a) 
the larva in its web between united cherry 
leaves. 9, Yponomeutidae-Plutellinae: Plutella 
porrectella, and (9a) feeding on a Hesperis 
leaf. 10, GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: Orthotelia 
sparganella, with (10a) an eaten stem of 
Sparganium. 11. OECOPHORIDAE: Depressaria sp., 
with (11a) a leaf of Centaurea nigra distorted 
by its attentions. 12, GELECHIIDAE: Anacampsis 
temerella, with (12a) a sallow leaf tenanted by 
it. 13, Metzneria aestivella, with (13a) a 
sectioned fruiting head of Carlina showing the 
feeding larva in situ. 14, OECOPHORIDAE: Crassa 
unitella, and (14a) a piece of decayed wood 
burrowed by the larvae. 15, GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: 
Glyphipteryx equitella, with (15a) shoots of 
Sedum acre showing the middle one bleached by 
excavations of the larva. 16, YPONOMEUTIDAE: 
Argyresthia bonnetella, with (16a) hawthorn 
shoots eaten by the larva. 17, GRACILLARIIDAE: 
Caloptilia alchimiella, with (17a) an oak lead 
exhibiting a cone formed by the larva. 18, 
OECOPHORIDAE: Agonopterix angelicella, with 
(18a) its cone on a hawthorn leaf. 19, 
COLEOPHORIDAE: Coleophora follicularis, with 
(19a) a mined leaf of Eupatorium, and (19b) the 
case enlarged. 20, LYONETIIDAE: Bedellia 
somnulentella, with (20a) a mined Convolvulus 
arvensis leaf. 21, EPERMENIIDAE: Epermenia 
chaerophyllellus, with (21a) a portion of 
Anthriscus sylvestris leaf eaten half through by 
it. 22, MOMPHIDAE: Chrysoclista linneella, with 
(22a) a piece of inner bark of lime burrowed by 
it. 23, ELACHISTIDAE: Elachista maculicerusella. 
with (23a) a mined Phragmites leaf blade. 24, 
TISCHERIIDAE: Emmetia marginea, and (24a) a 
mined bramble leaf. 25, GRACILLARIIDAE: 
Phyllonorycter quinnata, with (25a) a mined 
Carpinus leaf. 26, LYONETIIDAE: Leucoptera 
laburnella, with (26a) a mined Laburnum leaf. 
27, Bucculatrix bechsteinella (Bucculatricidae), 
and a hawthorn leaf eaten half through. 28, 
NEPTICULIDAE: Nepticula sp., with (28a) a mined 
Potentilla leaf. From Stainton (1854, Plate X).> 
bent591.jpg <@subject Morophaga boleti (Boletus Tinea): B. Ent. 591> 
text5911.gif <@subject Morophaga boleti: B. Ent. 591, legend+text> 
text5912.gif <@subject Morophaga boleti: B. Ent. 591, text cont.> 
bent511.jpg <@subject Nemaxera betulinella (Bark Clothes Moth, 
Gold-speckled Clothes-moth: B. Ent. 511)> 
text511.gif <@subject Nemaxera betulinella (B. Ent. 511, legend+text)> 
<@imagenotes x=21 y=11 
t=\i{}N. corticella\i0{} (Curtis) has only 
relatively recently been reduced to a synonym of 
\i{}N. betulinella\i0{} (see Bradley 2000).> 
text5111.gif <@subject Nemaxera betulinella (B. Ent. 511, text cont.)> 
lchtin.jpg <@subject Tinea (2 species)> 
lch297.jpg <@subject Tineola bisselliella (Clothes-moth)> 
kirbytin.jpg <@subject Euplocamus, Nemapogon, Tinea, Trichophaga: Kirby>
<@imagenotes x=758 y=24 
t=14, Euplocamus anthracinalis; 15, Trichophaga 
tapetzella; 16, Tinea pellionella (Clothes 
Moth); 17, Nemapogon granella. From Kirby 
(1907).> 
tinneu.gif <@subject Tinea trinotella, Trichophaga trapetzella: 
neuration> 
 
# \i{}Tischeriidae\i0{}/ 
stai3011.jpg <@subject Tischeria ekebladella (as T. complanella), 
Emmetia 
marginea and Emmetia angusticolella: Stainton 3, I 
(1858)> 
<@imagenotes x=641 y=6 
t=TISCHERIIDAE. 1, \i{}Tischeria 
ekebladella\i0{}: imago (1m), larva (1a), and 
mined oak leaf (1b). 2, \i{}Emmetia 
marginea\i0{}: imago (2m), larva (2a), and mined 
\i{}Rubus\i0{} leaf (2b). 3, \i{}Emmetia 
angusticolella\i0{}: imago (3m), larva (3a), and 
mined rose leaflet (3b). Stainton 3, I (1858).> 
stai301l.gif <@subject Stainton 3, I (1858): original legend.> 
tischest.jpg <@subject Tischeria and Emmetia: Stainton (1854)> 
<@imagenotes x=896 y=831 
t=4a-4c, \i{}Tischeria ekebladella\i0{}: fore- 
and hind-wings, and head from the front. 26, 
\i{}Emmetia marginea\i0{}. From Stainton (1854, 
Plates VIII and IX).> 
ston413.jpg <@subject Emmetia marginea: Stainton (1859)> 
staintin.jpg <@subject Stainton's representative 'Tineina'> 
<@imagenotes x=14 y=47 
t=Stainton's TINEINA (Tischeriidae italicised). 
2, Ochsenheimeria birdella; 3, Tinea ganomella; 
4, Eriocrania salopiella; 5, Nemophora 
metallica; 6, Swammerdamia pyrella; 7, 
Yponomeuta sedella; 8, Plutella xylostella; 9, 
Ypsolopha dentella; 10, Agonopterix 
alstroemeriana; 11, Pexicopia malvella; 12, 
Chrysoesthia drurella; 13, Ypsolopha 
parenthesella; 14, Schiffermuelleria grandis; 
15, Scythris grandipennis; 16, Glyphipteryx 
equitella; 17, Heliozela resplendella; 18, 
Argyresthia bonnetella; 19, Caloptilia 
alchimiella; 20, Coleophora lineola; 21, 
Bedellia somnulentella; 22, Cosmopteryx 
lienigiella; 23, Mompha propinquella; 24, 
Elachista gangabella; 25, Elachista 
maculicerusella; \i{}26, Emmetia marginea\i0{}; 
27, Phyllonorycter acerifoliella; 28, 
Phyllonorycter stettinensis; 29, Leucoptera 
malifoliella; 30, Ectoedemia sericopeza. From 
Stainton (1854, Plate IX).> 
lchtisc.jpg <@subject Tischeria ekebladella> 
staint10.jpg <@subject Larvae of 'Tineina' (Stainton)> 
<@imagenotes x=892 y=5 
t=1, OECOPHORIDAE: Diurnea fagella larva, and 
(1a) shown between united birch leaves. 2, 
PSYCHIDIDAE: Taleporia(?) larva, showing cases 
attached to lichen (2a), and a single case 
enlarged. 3, YPONOMEUTIDAE: Ochsenheimeria 
taurella, and (3a) a section of grass stem 
showing the larva in situ. 4, TINEIDAE: Tineola 
bisselliella, with a gallery formed in feathers 
(4a); 4b, a case of Tinea pellionella on a 
feather. 5, INCURVARIIDAE: Incurvaria 
praelatella, with a partially devoured wild 
strawberry leaf (5a), and a case from the 
underside. 6, Incurvaria pectinea, and (6a) the 
larva in its case feeding on a fallen oak leaf. 
7, Lampronia capitella, with (7a) a currant 
shoot withering from the effects of the larva 
feeding in the stem. 8, YPONOMEUTIDAE: 
Swammerdamia pyrella, with (8a) the larva in its 
web between united cherry leaves. 9, 
Yponomeutidae-Plutellinae: Plutella porrectella, 
and (9a) feeding on a Hesperis leaf. 10, 
GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: Orthotelia sparganella, with 
(10a) an eaten stem of Sparganium. 11. 
OECOPHORIDAE: Depressaria sp., with (11a) a leaf 
of Centaurea nigra distorted by its attentions. 
12, GELECHIIDAE: Anacampsis temerella, with 
(12a) a sallow leaf tenanted by it. 13, 
Metzneria aestivella, with (13a) a sectioned 
fruiting head of Carlina showing the feeding 
larva in situ. 14, OECOPHORIDAE: Crassa 
unitella, and (14a) a piece of decayed wood 
burrowed by the larvae. 15, GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: 
Glyphipteryx equitella, with (15a) shoots of 
Sedum acre showing the middle one bleached by 
excavations of the larva. 16, YPONOMEUTIDAE: 
Argyresthia bonnetella, with (16a) hawthorn 
shoots eaten by the larva. 17, GRACILLARIIDAE: 
Caloptilia alchimiella, with (17a) an oak lead 
exhibiting a cone formed by the larva. 18, 
OECOPHORIDAE: Agonopterix angelicella, with 
(18a) its cone on a hawthorn leaf. 19, 
COLEOPHORIDAE: Coleophora follicularis, with 
(19a) a mined leaf of Eupatorium, and (19b) the 
case enlarged. 20, LYONETIIDAE: Bedellia 
somnulentella, with (20a) a mined Convolvulus 
arvensis leaf. 21, EPERMENIIDAE: Epermenia 
chaerophyllellus, with (21a) a portion of 
Anthriscus sylvestris leaf eaten half through by 
it. 22, MOMPHIDAE: Chrysoclista linneella, with 
(22a) a piece of inner bark of lime burrowed by 
it. 23, ELACHISTIDAE: Elachista maculicerusella. 
with (23a) a mined Phragmites leaf blade. 
\i{}24, TISCHERIIDAE\i0{}: \i{}Emmetia 
marginea\i0{}, and (24a) a mined bramble leaf. 
25, GRACILLARIIDAE: Phyllonorycter quinnata, 
with (25a) a mined Carpinus leaf. 26, 
LYONETIIDAE: Leucoptera laburnella, with (26a) a 
mined Laburnum leaf. 27, Bucculatrix 
bechsteinella (Bucculatricidae), and a hawthorn 
leaf eaten half through. 28, NEPTICULIDAE: 
Nepticula sp., with (28a) a mined Potentilla 
leaf. From Stainton (1854, Plate X).> 
lchtis01.gif <@subject Tischeria ekebladella: neuration> 
 
# \i{}Tortricidae\i0{}/ 
wilktor1.jpg <@subject Acleris, Archips, Croesa, Eana, Pandemis: 
Wilkinson> 
<@imagenotes x=463 y=23 
t=1, \i{}Pandemis dumetana\i0{} (male); 2, 
\i{}Croesa\i0{} (= \i{}Acleris\i0{}) 
\i{}forskkaleana\i0{} (male); 3, \i{}Archips 
podana\i0{} (male); 4, \i{}Acleris 
kochiella\i0{} (male); 5, \i{}Acleris 
hastiana\i0{} (male); 6, \i{}Eana penziana 
bellana\i0{} (male); 7, \i{}Eana incanana\i0{} 
(female). From Wilkinson, 1859 (scales = approx. 
1cm).> 
stontort.jpg <@subject Acleris, Eana, Exapate, Lozotaenia, Olindia, 
Pandemis (Stainton)> 
<@imagenotes x=464 y=649 
t=TORTRICIDAE sensu stricto. 1, \i{}Lozotaenia 
forsterana\i0{}; 2, \i{}Eana penziana\i0{}; 3, 
\i{}Olindia schumacherana\i0{}; 4, \i{}Pandemis 
corylana\i0{}; 5, \i{}Exapate congelatella\i0{}; 
6, \i{}Acleris cristana\i0{}; 7, \i{}Acleris 
variegana\i0{}. From Stainton (1859, with 
approximate 1cm scale added).> 
kirbtort.jpg <@subject Acleris, Tortrix, Choristoneura: Kirby 54 and 55>
<@imagenotes x=315 y=18 
t=3, \i{}Acleris emargana\i0{}; 34, \i{}Tortrix 
viridana\i0{}; 35, \i{}Choristoneura 
hebenstreitella\i0{}. From Kirby (1907).> 
bent6991.jpg <@subject Acleris emargana (Iron Notchwing): B. Ent. 699> 
text6991.gif <@subject Acleris emargana: B. Ent. 699, legend+text> 
text6992.gif <@subject Acleris emargana: B. Ent. 699, text cont.> 
step0381.jpg <@subject Acleris emargana: Stephens IV, 1834> 
bent440.jpg <@subject Acleris (Peronea) literana (Sprinkled Rough-wing: 
B. 
Ent. 440)> 
text4401.gif <@subject Acleris (Peronea) literana : B. Ent. 440, 
legend+text> 
text4402.gif <@subject Acleris (Peronea) literana : B. Ent. 440, text 
cont.> 
bent016.jpg <@subject Acleris (Peronea) cristana (Rufous-margined Button
Moth: B. Ent. 16)> 
text0161.gif <@subject Acleris (Peronea) cristana: B. Ent. 16, 
legend+text> 
text0162.gif <@subject Acleris (Peronea) cristana: B. Ent. 16, text 
cont.> 
step0341.jpg <@subject Acleris hastiana: Stephens IV, 1834> 
step0362.jpg <@subject Acleris cristana: Stephens IV, 1834> 
step0363.jpg <@subject Acleris schalleriana: Stephens IV, 1834> 
bent7631.jpg <@subject Aphelia viburnana (Sweet Gale Tortrix): B. Ent. 
763> 
text7631.gif <@subject Aphelia viburnana: B. Ent. 763, legend+text> 
text7632.gif <@subject Aphelia viburnana: B. Ent. 763, text cont.> 
bent100.jpg <@subject Eana penzeana (Pentz's Tortrix: B. Ent. 100)> 
text1001.gif <@subject Eana penzeana: B. Ent. 100, legend+text> 
text1002.gif <@subject Eana penzeana: B. Ent. 100, text cont.> 
bent7111.jpg <@subject Olindia schumacherana (Chlidanotinae): B. Ent. 
711> 
text7111.gif <@subject Olindia schumacherana: B. Ent. 711, legend+text> 
text7112.gif <@subject Olindia schumacherana: B. Ent. 711, text cont.> 
hbvii181.jpg <@subject Tortricinae-Archipini (Hbner 1796)> 
<@imagenotes x=879 y=906 
t=TORTRICINAE-ARCHIPINI. 112, \i{}Archips 
oporanus\i0{} (\i{}oporana\i0{}); 113, 
\i{}Choristoneura hebenstreitella\i0{} 
(\i{}sorbiana Hbner\i0{}); 114, ribeana Hbner, 
= \i{}Pandemis cerasan\i0{}a (Hbner); 115, 
\i{}Pandemis\i0{} cf. \i{}corylana\i0{} 
(\i{}textana\i0{} Hbner); 116, 
\i{}Pandemis\i0{} cf. \i{}heparana\i0{} 
(\i{}carpiniana\i0{} Hbner); 117, \i{}Archips 
rosana\i0{} (\i{}oxycanthana\i0{} Hbner). 
Compiled from plates of Hbner VII, with names 
updated; see accompanying document for details.> 
hbvii121.jpg <@subject Tortricinae-Archipini (Hbner 1796-1830)> 
<@imagenotes x=880 y=35 
t=TORTRICINAE-ARCHIPINI. 67, \i{}Ptycholoma 
lecheanum\i0{} (\i{}lecheana\i0{}). 72, cf. 
\i{}Archips oporanus\i0{} (\i{}piceana\i0{}). 
251, \i{}Choristoneura\i0{} \i{}diversana\i0{} 
(Hbner). 255, \i{}Capua vulgana\i0{} 
(\i{}favillaceana\i0{} Hbner). 263, \i{}Clepsis 
senecionana\i0{} (Hbner); 264, \i{}Archips 
xylosteana\i0{}. 268, GBIF \i{}Aneuxanthis 
locupletana\i0{} Hbner. 271, \i{}Adoxophyes 
orana\i0{} (\i{}reticulana\i0{} Hbner). 301, 
\i{}helvolana\i0{} Frlich, = \i{}Clepsis 
senecionana\i0{} (Hbner); 302, \i{}rosana\i0{} 
= ? (cf. \i{}Archips rosana\i0{} L., see also 
Figs. 117 and 118); 303, \i{}viduana\i0{} 
Frlich, cf. \i{}Choristoneura diversana\i0{} 
(Hbner). 310 and 311, \i{}Dichelia 
histrionana\i0{} (Frlich). 315, cf. \i{}Clepsis 
spectrana\i0{} (\i{}posticana\i0{}). 317, GBIF 
\i{}Clepsis chrysitana\i0{} (Frlich) = ? (try 
\i{}C. steineriana\i0{} Hbner, i.e. the missing 
Fig. 170). 332 and 333, \i{}ambustana\i0{} 
Frlich in Geyer and Hbner, = \i{}Cacoecimorpha 
pronubana\i0{} (Hbner). Compiled from plates of 
Hbner VII, with names updated; see accompanying 
document for details.> 
hbvii163.jpg <@subject Tortricinae-Archipini (Hbner 1796-1799)> 
<@imagenotes x=879 y=906 
t=TORTRICINAE-ARCHIPINI. 102, \i{}Capua 
vulgana\i0{} (\i{}rusticana\i0{} Hbner). 105, 
\i{}Choristoneura murinana\i0{} (Hbner). 107, 
\i{}Archips crataegana\i0{} (Hbner); 108, 
\i{}Philedone gerningana\i0{} 
(\i{}pectinana\i0{} Hbner). 118, \i{}Archips 
rosana\i0{} (acerana Hbner); 119, \i{}Pandemis 
cerasana\i0{} (Hbner); 120, \i{}Pandemis 
croceana\i0{} (Hbner), = ? (cf. 
\i{}Clepsis\i0{}). 121, \i{}Cacoecimorpha 
pronubana\i0{} (Hbner). 123, \i{}Aphelia 
unitana\i0{} (Hbner). 124, cf. \i{}Archips 
oporanus\i0{} (\i{}pyrastrana\i0{} Hbner). 125, 
cf. \i{}Archips xylosteana\i0{} 
(\i{}characterana\i0{} Hbner). 128, cf. 
\i{}Argyrotaenia pulchellana\i0{}, rather than 
\i{}Eudemis profundana\i0{} (\i{}sylvana\i0{} 
Hbner). 131, \i{}Paramesia gnomana\i0{}. 133, 
cf. \i{}Epagoge grotiana\i0{} ("\i{}flavana\i0{} 
Hbner" seems to refer to two species: see Figs. 
157 and 258); 134, \i{}Aphelia ochreana\i0{} 
(Hbner). Compiled from plates of Hbner VII, 
with names updated; see accompanying document 
for details.> 
hbvii271.jpg <@subject Tortricinae-Archipini (Hbner 1796-1824)> 
<@imagenotes x=41 y=887 
t=TORTRICINAE-ARCHIPINI. 141, \i{}Clepsis 
pallidana\i0{} (\i{}strigana\i0{} Hbner). 154, 
\i{}Archips xylosteana\i0{}. 157, cf. 
\i{}Aphelia paleana\i0{} ("\i{}flavana\i0{} 
Hbner" seems to refer to two species: see Figs. 
133 and 258). 168, \i{}lienana\i0{} Hbner , cf. 
\i{}Syndemis musculana\i0{} (Hbner). 170, 
\i{}Clepsis steineriana\i0{} (Hbner); 174, 
\i{}Clepsis rolandriana\i0{}. 295, \i{}Archips 
oporanus\i0{} (\i{}congenerana\i0{}). Compiled 
from plates of Hbner VII, with names updated; 
see accompanying document for details.> 
hbvii362.jpg <@subject Tortricinae-Cnephasiini (Hbner 1796-1813)> 
<@imagenotes x=55 y=897 
t=TORTRICINAE-CNEPHASIINI. 99, \i{}Cnephasia 
pasiuana\i0{} (Hbner). 111, 
\i{}Neosphaleroptera nubilana\i0{} (Hbner). 225 
and 226, \i{}Eana argentana\i0{} 
(\i{}magnana\i0{} Hbner); 227 and 228, \i{}Eana 
osseana\i0{} (\i{}pratana\i0{} Hbner). Compiled 
from plates of Hbner VII, with names updated; 
see accompanying document for details.> 
hbvii421.jpg <@subject Tortricinae-Cnephasiini (Hbner 1813-1830)> 
<@imagenotes x=39 y=52 
t=TORTRICINAE-CNEPHASIINI. 85, \i{}Eana 
penziana\i0{}; 86, \i{}Eana argentana\i0{}. 150, 
\i{}Pseudargyrotoza conwagana\i0{} 
(\i{}hofmannseggana\i0{} Hbner).200, female 
\i{}Cnephasia longana\i0{} (\i{}lutosana\i0{} 
Hbner). 266, cf. \i{}Exapate congelatella\i0{}, 
male and apterous female (\i{}gelatana\i0{} 
Hbner); 267, \i{}Tortricodes alternella\i0{} 
(\i{}hymenana\i0{} Hbner). 327, 
\i{}Xerocnephasia horridana\i0{} Frlich in 
Geyer and Hbner, cf. \i{}X. rigana\i0{}; 328 
and 329, \i{}Sphaleroptera alpicolana\i0{} 
Frlich. Compiled from plates of Hbner VII, 
with names updated; see accompanying document 
for details.> 
hbchlida.jpg <@subject Olindia and Isotrias (Chlidanotinae): Hubner, 
1814-1823> 
<@imagenotes x=60 y=880 
t=TORTRICIDAE/CHLIDANOTINAE. 238, \i{}Isotrias 
hybridana\i0{} (Hbner), cf. \i{}I. 
rectifasciana\i0{}. 278, \i{}Olindia 
schumacherana\i0{} (\i{}ulmana\i0{} Hbner); 
279, \i{}Olindia areolana\i0{} Hbner (cf. 
\i{}schumacherana\i0{}). From Hbner VII, plates 
38 and 45, with names updated; see accompanying 
document for details.> 
bent209.jpg <@subject Philedonides lunana (Walker's Lanark Tortrix: B. 
Ent. 209)> 
bent2091.jpg <@subject Philedonides lunana (detail+dissections: B. Ent. 
209)> 
text2091.gif <@subject Philedonides lunana: legend+text: B. Ent. 209> 
text2092.gif <@subject Philedonides lunana: text, cont.: B. Ent. 209> 
hbsparga.jpg <@subject Tortricinae-Sparganothini: Sparganothis 
pilleriana 
(Hbner VII, 1796-1799)> 
<@imagenotes x=134 y=274 
t=TORTRICINAE-SPARGANOTHINI. 136 and 172, 
\i{}Sparganothis pilleriana\i0{} 
(\i{}luteolana\i0{} Hbner). Compiled from 
Hbner VII, plates 21 and 27, with names 
updated; see accompanying document for details.> 
hbvii072.jpg <@subject Tortricinae-Tortricini: 10 Acleris spp. and 
Aleimma 
loeflingiana (Hbner VII, 1796-1799)> 
<@imagenotes x=877 y=904 
t=TORTRICINAE-TORTRICINI. 39, \i{}Acleris\i0{} 
(\i{}Croesia\i0{}) \i{}holmiana\i0{}; 50, 
\i{}Acleris hastiana\i0{} (\i{}tristana\i0{} 
Hbner). 54 and 190, \i{}Aleimma 
loeflingiana\i0{} (as \i{}plumbana\i0{} Hbner 
and \i{}ectypana\i0{} Hbner, respectively). 55, 
\i{}Acleris cristana\i0{}; 56, \i{}Acleris 
ferugana\i0{}; 58, \i{}Acleris scabrana\i0{}; 
59, \i{}Acleris umbrana\i0{} (Hbner); 61, 
\i{}Acleris hastiana\i0{} (\i{}byringerana\i0{} 
Hbner); 62, probably Acleris sparsana 
(\i{}favillaceana\i0{} Hbner); 63, \i{}Acleris 
cochiella\i0{} (\i{}cerusana\i0{} Hbner); 64, 
\i{}Acleris logiana\i0{}. Compiled from plates 
of Hbner VII, with names updated; see 
accompanying document for details.> 
hbvii151.jpg <@subject Tortricinae-Tortricini: forms of Acleris literana
(Hbner VII, 1796-1799)> 
<@imagenotes x=864 y=886 
t=TORTRICINAE-TORTRICINI. 88-91, \i{}Acleris 
literana\i0{}; 92-95, \i{}Acleris literana\i0{} 
(\i{}squamulana\i0{} Hbner); 96 and 97, 
\i{}Acleris literana\i0{} (\i{}irrorana\i0{} 
Hbner). Compiled from Hbner VII, plate 15, 
with names updated; see accompanying document 
for details.> 
hbvii162.jpg <@subject Tortricinae-Tortricini: 9 Acleris spp. (Hbner 
VII, 
1796-1817)> 
<@imagenotes x=58 y=20 
t=TORTRICINAE-TORTRICINI. 100, \i{}Acleris 
logiana\i0{} (\i{}treueriana\i0{} Hbner); 
\i{}Acleris roseidana\i0{} (Hbner); 104, 
\i{}Acleris roscidana\i0{} (\i{}nebulana\i0{} 
Hbner); 127, cf. \i{}Acleris rufana\i0{}; 129, 
\i{}Acleris notana\i0{} (\i{}tripunctana\i0{} 
Hbner); 169, \i{}Acleris scabrana\i0{}; 171, 
\i{}Acleris rhombana\i0{} (\i{}ciliana\i0{} 
Hbner); 173, \i{}Acleris rhombana\i0{}; 240, 
\i{}Acleris variegana\i0{} (\i{}nyctemerana\i0{} 
Hbner). Compiled from plates of Hbner VII, 
with names updated; see accompanying document 
for details.> 
hbvii341.jpg <@subject Tortricinae-Tortricini: 9 Acleris spp. (Hbner 
VII, 
1796-1817)> 
<@imagenotes x=22 y=44 
t=TORTRICINAE-TORTRICINI. 198, \i{}Acleris 
hastiana\i0{} (\i{}divisana\i0{} Hbner); 215, 
\i{}Acleris hyemana\i0{} (\i{}mixtana\i0{} 
Hbner); 216, \i{}Acleris hastiana\i0{} 
(\i{}buringerana\i0{} Hbner); 217, cf. 
\i{}Acleris schalleriana\i0{} 
(\i{}logiana\i0{}); 232, \i{}Acleris 
emargana\i0{} (\i{}caudana\i0{}); 233, 
\i{}Acleris emargana\i0{}; 234, \i{}Acleris 
hastiana\i0{} (\i{}combustana\i0{} Hbner); 235, 
\i{}Acleris hastiana\i0{} (\i{}aquilana\i0{}); 
247, \i{}Acleris hastiana\i0{} 
(\i{}autumnana\i0{} Hbner). Compiled from 
plates of Hbner VII, with names updated; see 
accompanying document for details.> 
hbvii141.jpg <@subject Tortricinae-Tortricini: 7 Acleris spp. (Hbner 
VII, 
1796-1799)> 
<@imagenotes x=62 y=35 
t=TORTRICINAE-TORTRICINI. 83, \i{}Acleris 
tristana\i0{} (\i{}sericana\i0{} Hbner); 87, 
\i{}Acleris rufana\i0{} (\i{}apiciana\i0{} 
Hbner); 175, \i{}Acleris emargana emargana\i0{} 
(\i{}effractana\i0{} Hbner); 176, \i{}Acleris 
cristana\i0{}; 177, \i{}Acleris hastiana\i0{} 
(\i{}radiana\i0{} Hbner); 178, \i{}Acleris 
rufana\i0{}; 180, \i{}Acleris lipsiana\i0{}. 
Compiled from plates of Hbner VII, with names 
updated; see accompanying document for details.> 
hbvii221.jpg <@subject Tortricinae-Tortricini: 11 Acleris spp., Croesia 
(Acleris) bergmanniana, Tortrix viridana (Hbner 
VII, 1796-1833)> 
<@imagenotes x=876 y=25 
t=TORTRICINAE-TORTRICINI. 137, \i{}Acleris 
bergmanniana\i0{} (\i{}rosana\i0{}); 142, 
\i{}Acleris rhombana\i0{} (\i{}contaminana\i0{} 
Hbner); 143, \i{}Acleris forsskaleana\i0{} 
(\i{}forskoleana\i0{}). 156, \i{}Tortrix 
viridana\i0{}. 284, \i{}Acleris 
latifasciana\i0{} (\i{}comparana\i0{} Hbner). 
288-289, cf. \i{}Acleris schalleriana\i0{} 
Linnaeus. 334, \i{}opacana\i0{} Hbner, = 
\i{}Acleris abietana\i0{} (Hbner); 335, 
\i{}Acleris hastiana\i0{} (\i{}mayrana\i0{} 
Hbner). 340, \i{}Croesia\i0{} 
(\i{}Acleris\i0{}) \i{}bergmanniana\i0{}. 
Compiled from plates of Hbner VII, with names 
updated; see accompanying document for details.> 
lchtor01.gif <@subject Tortrix viridana: neuration> 
meyr519.gif <@subject Acleris variegana: neuration> 
meyr512.gif <@subject Tortricodes alternella: neuration> 
 
# \i{}Yponomeutidae\i0{}/ 
sta11021.jpg <@subject Swammerdamia heroldella (as griseocapitella), S. 
caesiella, S. pyrella: Stainton 11, II (1870)> 
<@imagenotes x=20 y=11 
t=YPONOMEUTIDAE. 1, \i{}Swammerdamia 
heroldella\i0{}; larva (1a), and gnawed birch 
leaves (1b). 2, \i{}Swammerdamia 
caesiella\i0{}?; larva (2a), and a gnawed 
hawthorn leaf (2b. \i{}S. caesiella\i0{} is 
usually associated with birch). 3, 
\i{}Swammerdamia pyrella\i0{}; larva (3a), and 
gnawed hawthorn leaf (3b). Stainton 11, II 
(1870).> 
sta1102l.gif <@subject Stainton 11, II (1870): original legend.> 
sta11011.jpg <@subject Prays fraxinella (as curtisellus), Prays oleae 
(as 
oleellus): Stainton 11, I (1870)> 
<@imagenotes x=529 y=4 
t=YPONOMEUTIDAE. 1, \i{}Prays fraxinella\i0{} 
(1m), unicolorous dark variety (1m*), and 
forewing of an intermediate form (1m**); young 
larva (1a), adult larva (1a**); ash leaflet 
mined by the young larva (1b); ash twigs beneath 
the bark of which the larva has burrowed (1b*), 
and an ash shoot eaten by the adult larva 
(1b**). 2, \i{}Prays oleellus\i0{}, probably = 
P. oleae (2m); dark variety (2m*); young larva 
(2a), and mature larva (2a**); olive leaves 
mined by the young larva (2b, 2b*); olive shoot 
eaten by the mature larva (2b**). Stainton 11, I 
(1870).> 
sta1101l.gif <@subject Stainton 11, I (1870): original legend.> 
sta11031.jpg <@subject Zelleria cf. hepariella (as phyllaerella), Z. 
oleastrella (mainland-European), Kessleria 
saxifragae: Stainton 11, III (1870)> 
<@imagenotes x=549 y=6 
t=YPONOMEUTIDAE. 1, labelled \i{}Zelleria 
phyllaerella\i0{}, probably = \i{}Z. 
hepariella\i0{} (the foodplant of the former 
does not occur in Killarney); larva (1a), and a 
branch of \i{}Phyllyrea\i0{} with its web (1b). 
2, \i{}Zelleria oleastrella\i0{}; larva (2a), 
and an olive twig with leaves drawn together by 
it (2b). 3, \i{}Kessleria saxifragae\i0{}; larva 
(3a), and a shoot of \i{}Saxifraga aizoon\i0{} 
with its web (3b). Stainton 11, III (1870).> 
sta1103l.gif <@subject Stainton 11, III (1870): original legend.> 
sta13011.jpg <@subject Ochsenheimeria taurella (as O. birdella): 
Stainton 
13, I (1873)> 
<@imagenotes x=46 y=884 
t=YPONOMEUTIDAE. 1, \i{}Ochsenheimeria 
taurella\i0{}; larva (1a); grass stem burrowed 
by the larva (1b); and larva entering at the 
junction of blade and sheath (1b*). Stainton 13, 
I (1873).> 
sta1301y.gif <@subject Stainton 13, I (1873): original legend.> 
sta13081.jpg <@subject Ypsolopha ustella (as ustulellus): Stainton 13, 
VIII (1873)> 
<@imagenotes x=360 y=802 
t=YPONOMEUTIDAE. 1, \i{}Ypsolopha ustella\i0{}. 
Larva (1a), and two hornbeam leaves united by it 
(1b). Stainton 13, VIII (1873)> 
sta1308x.gif <@subject Stainton 13, VIII (1873): original legend.> 
stonypon.jpg <@subject Argyresthia, Prays, Pseudoswammerdamia, 
Ypsolophus: 
Stainton (1859)> 
<@imagenotes x=17 y=700 
t=1, \i{}Prays fraxinella\i0{}; 2, \i{}Ypsolopha 
dentella\i0{}; 3, \i{}Pseudoswammerdamia 
combinella\i0{}; 4, \i{}Argyresthia 
conjugella\i0{}; 5, \i{}Argyresthia 
brockeella\i0{}. From Stainton (1854). 
Approximate wingspans of 1-3 are provided by the 
1cm scale at upper right, and individually for 
4-5.> 
staintin.jpg <@subject Stainton's representative 'Tineina' (1854)> 
<@imagenotes x=14 y=47 
t=Stainton's TINEINA (Yponomeutidae italicised). 
\i{}2, Ochsenheimeria birdella\i0{}; 3, Tinea 
ganomella; 4, Eriocrania salopiella; 5, 
Nemophora metallica; \i{}6, Swammerdamia 
pyrella\i0{}; \i{}7, Yponomeuta sedella\i0{}; 
\i{}8, Plutella xylostella\i0{}; \i{}9, 
Ypsolopha dentella\i0{}; 10, Agonopterix 
alstroemeriana; 11, Pexicopia malvella; 12, 
Chrysoesthia drurella; \i{}13, Ypsolopha 
parenthesella\i0{}; 14, Schiffermuelleria 
grandis; 15, Scythris grandipennis; 16, 
Glyphipteryx equitella; 17, Heliozela 
resplendella; \i{}18, Argyresthia 
bonnetella\i0{}; 19, Caloptilia alchimiella; 20, 
Coleophora lineola; 21, Bedellia somnulentella; 
22, Cosmopteryx lienigiella; 23, Mompha 
propinquella; 24, Elachista gangabella; 25, 
Elachista maculicerusella; 26, Emmetia marginea; 
27, Phyllonorycter acerifoliella; 28, 
Phyllonorycter stettinensis; 29, Leucoptera 
malifoliella; 30, Ectoedemia sericopeza. From 
Stainton (1854, Plate IX).> 
yponost2.jpg <@subject Digitivalva, Ochsenheimeria, Roslerstammia, and 
Swammerdamia (Stainton, 1854> 
<@imagenotes x=688 y=8 
t=8a-8c, \i{}Ochsenheimeria taurella\i0{}: 
denuded fore- and hindwings, and head. 9, 
\i{}Swammerdamia caesiella\i0{}: denuded fore- 
and hindwings (9a and 9b), head (9c), and 
undenuded hindwing (9'b). 11a-11c, denuded fore- 
and hindwings, and head, of \i{}Digitivalva 
pulicariae\i0{}. 12a-12c, denuded fore- and 
hindwings, and head, of Roslerstammia 
erxlebella (Roslerstammiidae). From Stainton 
(1854, Plates I and 5).> 
yponost4.jpg <@subject Cedestis, Ocnerostoma, Ypsolopha and Zelleria 
(Stainton, 1854)> 
<@imagenotes x=903 y=945 
t=1a-1c, \i{}Ypsolopha parenthesella\i0{}: fore- 
and hindwings, and head. 7a-7c and 7c', 
\i{}Cedestis subfasciella\i0{}: fore- and 
hindwings, and front and side views of head. 
8a-8c, \i{}Ocnerostoma piniariella\i0{}: fore- 
and hindwings, and head. 9a-9c, \i{}Zelleria 
hepariella\i0{}: fore- and hindwings, and head. 
From Stainton (1854, Plates V and VI).> 
yponost5.jpg <@subject Argyresthia (from Stainton)> 
<@imagenotes x=919 y=915 
t=6a, 6b and 18, \i{}Argyresthia 
bonnetella\i0{}: fore- and hindwings, and a 
resting moth. 6'c, head of \i{}Argyresthia 
pruniella\i0{}. 6''a, forewing of 
\i{}Argyresthia arceuthina\i0{}. From Stainton 
(1854, Plate s VI and IX).> 
yponost0.jpg <@subject Atemelia, Prays, Scythropia, Yponomeuta 
(Stainton, 
1854)> 
<@imagenotes x=16 y=19 
t=1a-1c, \i{}Scythropia crataegella\i0{}, fore- 
and hindwings, and head. 2a and 2b, fore- and 
hindwings of \i{}Yponomeuta padella\i0{}; 2b', 
undenuded hindwing of \i{}Yponomeuta 
padella\i0{}. 2'c, head of \i{}Yponomeuta 
cagnagella\i0{}. 3c, head of \i{}Atemelia 
torquatella\i0{}. 4a-4c, fore- and hindwings, 
and head, of \i{}Prays fraxinella\i0{}. From 
Stainton (1854, Plates III and V).> 
yponost1.jpg <@subject Eidophasia, Plutella, Ypsolopha (Stainton, 1854)>
<@imagenotes x=37 y=37 
t=5a-5c, fore- and hindwings, and head, of 
\i{}Eidophasia messingiella\i0{}. 6a-6c, fore- 
and hindwings, and head, of \i{}Plutella 
xylostella\i0{}. 6'b and 6'e, hindwing and palp 
of \i{}Plutella senilella\i0{}. 7a-7c, fore- and 
hindwings, and head, of \i{}Ypsolopha 
ustella\i0{}. 7'a, fore-wing of \i{}Ypsolopha 
lucella\i0{}. 7''a, fore-wing of \i{}Ypsolopha 
scabrella\i0{}. 7'''a and 7'''b, fore- and 
hindwings of \i{}Ypsolopha nemorella\i0{}. 
7''''c, head of \i{}Ypsolopha dentella\i0{}. 
8a-8c, fore- and hindwings, and head, of 
\i{}Ypsolopha mucronella\i0{}. From Stainton 
(1854, Plate III).> 
staint10.jpg <@subject Larvae of 'Tineina' (Stainton, 1854)> 
<@imagenotes x=892 y=5 
t=1, OECOPHORIDAE: Diurnea fagella larva, and 
(1a) shown between united birch leaves. 2, 
PSYCHIDIDAE: Taleporia(?) larva, showing cases 
attached to lichen (2a), and a single case 
enlarged. \i{}3, YPONOMEUTIDAE\i0{}: 
\i{}Ochsenheimeria taurella\i0{}, and (3a) a 
section of grass stem showing the larva in situ. 
4, TINEIDAE: Tineola bisselliella, with a 
gallery formed in feathers (4a); 4b, a case of 
Tinea pellionella on a feather. 5, 
INCURVARIIDAE: Incurvaria praelatella, with a 
partially devoured wild strawberry leaf (5a), 
and a case from the underside. 6, Incurvaria 
pectinea, and (6a) the larva in its case feeding 
on a fallen oak leaf. 7, Lampronia capitella, 
with (7a) a currant shoot withering from the 
effects of the larva feeding in the stem. \i{}8, 
YPONOMEUTIDAE\i0{}: \i{}Swammerdamia 
pyrella\i0{}, with (8a) the larva in its web 
between united cherry leaves. 9, 
Yponomeutidae-Plutellinae: \i{}Plutella 
porrectella\i0{}, and (9a) feeding on a 
\i{}Hesperis\i0{} leaf. 10, GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: 
Orthotelia sparganella, with (10a) an eaten stem 
of Sparganium. 11. OECOPHORIDAE: Depressaria 
sp., with (11a) a leaf of Centaurea nigra 
distorted by its attentions. 12, GELECHIIDAE: 
Anacampsis temerella, with (12a) a sallow leaf 
tenanted by it. 13, Metzneria aestivella, with 
(13a) a sectioned fruiting head of Carlina 
showing the feeding larva in situ. 14, 
OECOPHORIDAE: Crassa unitella, and (14a) a piece 
of decayed wood burrowed by the larvae. 15, 
GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: Glyphipteryx equitella, with 
(15a) shoots of Sedum acre showing the middle 
one bleached by excavations of the larva. 
\i{}16, YPONOMEUTIDAE\i0{}: \i{}Argyresthia 
bonnetella\i0{}, with (16a) hawthorn shoots 
eaten by the larva. 17, GRACILLARIIDAE: 
Caloptilia alchimiella, with (17a) an oak lead 
exhibiting a cone formed by the larva. 18, 
OECOPHORIDAE: Agonopterix angelicella, with 
(18a) its cone on a hawthorn leaf. 19, 
COLEOPHORIDAE: Coleophora follicularis, with 
(19a) a mined leaf of Eupatorium, and (19b) the 
case enlarged. 20, LYONETIIDAE: Bedellia 
somnulentella, with (20a) a mined Convolvulus 
arvensis leaf. 21, EPERMENIIDAE: Epermenia 
chaerophyllellus, with (21a) a portion of 
Anthriscus sylvestris leaf eaten half through by 
it. 22, MOMPHIDAE: Chrysoclista linneella, with 
(22a) a piece of inner bark of lime burrowed by 
it. 23, ELACHISTIDAE: Elachista maculicerusella. 
with (23a) a mined Phragmites leaf blade. 24, 
TISCHERIIDAE: Emmetia marginea, and (24a) a 
mined bramble leaf. 25, GRACILLARIIDAE: 
Phyllonorycter quinnata, with (25a) a mined 
Carpinus leaf. 26, LYONETIIDAE: Leucoptera 
laburnella, with (26a) a mined Laburnum leaf. 
27, Bucculatrix bechsteinella (Bucculatricidae), 
and a hawthorn leaf eaten half through. 28, 
NEPTICULIDAE: Nepticula sp., with (28a) a mined 
Potentilla leaf. From Stainton (1854, Plate X).> 
bent6791.jpg <@subject Acrolepiopsis betulella (Curtis), Durham Tinea: 
B. 
Ent. 679> 
text6791.gif <@subject Acrolepiopsis betulella (Curtis): B. Ent. 679, 
legend+text> 
text6792.gif <@subject Acrolepiopsis betulella (Curtis): B. Ent. 679, 
text 
cont.> 
bent7191.jpg <@subject Argyresthia semitestacella (Testaceous 
White-back): 
B. Ent. 719> 
text7191.gif <@subject Argyresthia semitestacella: B. Ent. 719, 
legend+text> 
text7192.gif <@subject Argyresthia semitestacella: B. Ent. 719, text 
cont.> 
bent344.jpg <@subject Ochsenheimeria mediopectinellus (Liverpool 
Feather-horn, Middle-feather Clothes-moth: B. Ent. 
344)> 
bent3441.jpg <@subject Ochsenheimeria mediopectinellus (detail, 
dissections: B. Ent. 344)> 
text3441.gif <@subject Ochsenheimeria mediopectinellus: B. Ent. 344, 
legend+text> 
text3442.gif <@subject Ochsenheimeria mediopectinellus: B. Ent. 344, 
text 
cont.> 
bent420.jpg <@subject Rhigonostis annulatella (Ringed Diamond-back, 
Annulated Smudge: B. Ent. 420)> 
text420.gif <@subject Rhigonostis annulatella: B. Ent. 420, legend+text>
text4202.gif <@subject Rhigonostis annulatella: B. Ent. 420, text cont.>
plut01.gif <@subject Plutella xylostella (Cabbage Smudge)> 
bent535.jpg <@subject Ypsolopha scabrella (Wainscot Hooktip, Wainscot 
Smudge: B. Ent. 535)> 
text5351.gif <@subject Ypsolopha scabrella: B. Ent. 535, legend+text> 
text5352.gif <@subject Ypsolopha scabrella: B. Ent. 535, text cont.> 
kirbyplu.jpg <@subject Ypsolopha dentella: Kirby 55> 
step0401.jpg <@subject Ypsolopha mucronella and Ypsolopha sequella: 
Stephens IV, 1834> 
<@imagenotes x=858 y=911 
t=YPONOMEUTIDAE. 1,\i{}Ypsolopha 
mucronella\i0{}; 2, \i{}Ypsolopha sequella\i0{}. 
From Stephens, 1834.> 
ypstan01.jpg <@subject Euhyponomeuta stannella: photo> 
<@imagenotes x=850 y=936 
t=\i{}Euhyponomeuta stannella\i0{}. The species 
occurs in Sweden, Finland, Germany, Switzerland 
and the Caucasus, but is very local in Britain. 
Larva on \i{}Sedum telephium\i0{}. 
\par{}\par{}The adults were seen in Dovedale, 
Derbys., on several occasions from 1956-1962, 
when they were abundant on the food-plant and 
very active in the sunshine during June and 
July. The specimens were collected there on July 
1st 1956. From Watsons collection.> 
p1007046.jpg <@subject Ypsolopha dentella (specimen): photo> 
<@imagenotes x=876 y=58 
t=YPONOMEUTIDAE. \i{}Ypsolopha dentella\i0{}. 
30/7/56, Monks Wood, Hunts. L. Watson.> 
p1007036.jpg <@subject Ypsolopha lucella (specimens): photo> 
<@imagenotes x=60 y=894 
t=YPONOMEUTIDAE. \i{}Ypsolopha lucella\i0{}. 
27/7/56, Bedford Purlieus, nr. Peterborough. L. 
Watson.> 
p1007040.jpg <@subject Ypsolopha parenthesella (specimens): photo> 
<@imagenotes x=79 y=879 
t=YPONOMEUTIDAE. \i{}Ypsolopha 
parenthesella\i0{}. 31/7/56, Castor Hanglands, 
nr. Peterborough. L. Watson.> 
p1007032.jpg <@subject Ypsolopha sequella (specimen): photo> 
<@imagenotes x=57 y=60 
t=YPONOMEUTIDAE. \i{}Ypsolopha sequella\i0{}. 
30/7/56, Monk's Wood, Hunts. L. Watson.> 
p1007030.jpg <@subject Yponomeuta cagnagella (specimens): photo> 
<@imagenotes x=869 y=37 
t=YPONOMEUTIDAE. \i{}Yponomeuta cagnagella\i0{}. 
25/7/56, Peterborough, Northants. L. Watson.> 
kir5522.jpg <@subject Yyponomeuta: Kirby> 
<@text x=697 y=20 w=286 h=90 m 
t=22, Yyponomeuta evonymella; 23, H. cagnagella> 
meyr738.gif <@subject Yyponomeuta plumbella, neuration> 
meyr728.gif <@subject Argyresthia curvella, neuration> 
meyr799.gif <@subject Ypsolopha ustella: neuration> 
 
# \i{}Zygaenidae\i0{}/ 
newmzyg.jpg <@subject British Adscita, Jordanita, Zygaena (Burnets, 
Foresters): Newman> 
<@imagenotes x=638 y=872 
t=1, \i{}Adscita statices\i0{} (The Forester); 2, 
\i{}Jordanita globulariae\i0{} (The Scarce 
Forester); 3, \i{}Zygaena purpuralis\i0{} 
(Transparent Burnet); 4, \i{}Zygaena 
lonicerae\i0{} (Narrow-bordered Five-spot 
Burnet); 5, \i{}Zygaena trifolii\i0{} (Five-spot 
Burnet); 6, \i{}Zygaena filipendulae\i0{} 
(Six-spot Burnet). From Newman (1869).> 
kirbzyg1.jpg <@subject Zygaena species (Burnets): Kirby> 
<@imagenotes x=919 y=9 
t=ZYGAENA. British species: 1, \i{}Z. 
purpuralis\i0{} (Transparent Burnet); \i{}Z. 
trifolii ecreta\i0{} (Five-spot Burnet); 3, 
\i{}Z. loti achilleae\i0{} (Yarrow Burnet); 4, 
\i{}Z. exulans\i0{} (Scotch or Mountain Burnet); 
5, \i{}Z. viciae melilotiae\i0{} (New Forest 
Burnet); 6, \i{}Z. trifolii trifolii\i0{} 
(Five-spot Burnet); 7, \i{}Z. lonicerae 
lonicerae\i0{} (Narrow-bordered Five-spot 
Burnet); 8, \i{}Z. filipendulae 
filipendulae\i0{} (Six-spot Burnet). From Kirby 
(1907); mainland European species (names as 
given by him): 9, \i{}Z. transalpina\i0{}; 
10-13, \i{}Z. ephialtes\i0{}; 14, \i{}Z. 
lavandulae\i0{}; 15, \i{}Z. laeta\i0{}; 16, 
\i{}Z. fausta\i0{}; 17, \i{}Z. carnioloca\i0{}.> 
bent396.jpg <@subject Adscita statices (Green Forester: B. Ent. 396)> 
text396.gif <@subject Adscita statices: B. Ent. 396, legend+text> 
text3962.gif <@subject Adscita statices: B. Ent. 396, text cont.> 
lchzyg01.gif <@subject Adscita statices: neuration> 
cbus011.jpg <@subject Adscita geryon (Cistus Forester - specimens): 
photos> 
<@imagenotes x=485 y=33 
t=ZYGAENIDAE. \i{}Adscita geryon\i0{}. The upper 
two normal, the lowermost melanic. June 1954, 
Chee Dale, Buxton, Derbys. J. Armitage.> 
burnet01.jpg <@subject Zygaena trifolii f. palustrella (Five-spot 
Burnet): 
freshly emerged (Giles Watson, photo)> 
burnet00.jpg <@subject Zygaena trifolii f. palustrella, cf. preceding 
(photo)> 
burnet02.jpg <@subject Zygaena trifolii f. palustrella, copulating pairs
(photo)> 
zygtri01.jpg <@subject Zygaena trifolii f. palustrella (Five-spot 
Burnet, 
imbibing: photo, Giles Watson> 
<@imagenotes x=864 y=924 
t=\i{}Zygaena trifolii\i0{} f. 
\i{}palustrella\i0{} (Five-spot Burnet), 
imbibing. The Ridgeway, near Kingston Lisle, 
Berks., June 2008. Giles Watson.> 
bent547.jpg <@subject Zygaena filipendulae (Six-spot Burnet: B. Ent. 
547)> 
text5471.gif <@subject Zygaena filipendulae: B. Ent. 547, legend+text> 
text5472.gif <@subject Zygaena filipendulae: B. Ent. 547, text cont.> 
zygfil01.jpg <@subject Zygaena filipendulae (Six-spot Burnet: Giles 
Watson, photo)> 
<@imagenotes x=28 y=944 
t=\i{}Zygaena filipendulae\i0{} (Six-spot 
Burnet). Uffington, Berks., July 2007. Giles 
Watson.> 
meyr472.gif <@subject Zygaena trifolii: neuration> 
 
