*SHOW ~ Hemiptera - item descriptions. 18 January 2009. 
 
*ITEM DESCRIPTIONS 
 
# \i{}Acanthosomatidae\i0{}/
2<Shield Bugs, Stink Bugs> 3,1 6,1 7,2-3 8,8-15 11,1 14,1 15,1 18,2 22,1
25,1 26,5 28,2 29,- 34,1<this triangular or sub-triangular> 35,1 37,1
38,1 39,1 42,1 54,2 61,2 62,1 64<The mesosternum with a median keel.
Including species well known for the female guarding the eggs until they
hatch> 65,2 68,7 69,5 70,4 71<\i{}Acanthosoma\i0{},
\i{}Cyphostephus\i0{}, \i{}Elasmostethus\i0{}, \i{}Elasmucha\i0{}>
72<\i{}Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale\i0{} (Hawthorn Shield-bug, Red-tipped
Shield-bug)> 74<acanthos> 
 
# \i{}Adelgidae\i0{}/
1<~ \i{}Phylloxeridae\i0{}. \i{}Chermesidae\i0{}> 3,1 6,1<confined to
conifers, forming galls> 7,2<?> 11,1&2 20,1 21,2 22,2 25,1 26,3 27,3
28,2 29,- 37,1/3 38,2 39<when macropterous,>,2 41<when present,>,2 42,2
43,1 54,2 55,2 60,2 64<Fore- and hind-wings when present clear and of
similar texture, but the fore-wings larger; all the fore-wing
longitudinal veins originating from a single straight one close to the
front edge. Apterous females covered with flocculent wax> 65,1 66,2 67,6
69,10 70,2 71<\i{}Adelges\i0{}, \i{}Pineus\i0{}> 74<adelgida> 
 
# \i{}Aepophilidae\i0{}/
1<~ \i{}Saldidae\i0{}> 2<Marine Bug> 3,1/2 4,1<living in the intertidal
zone> 6,3/4<?> 7,1 8<about>,3 11,2 15,1 16,2 18,1 22,1 23,3 25,1 26,4
28,2 30,2 34,2 37,2 50,1 51,2 54,3 55,2 56,1 57,2 61,2 64<A reddish
brown bug, characterised by the concave margin of the reduced
fore-wings> 65,2 68,9 69,1<\i{}A. bonnairei\i0{}> 70,1
71<\i{}Aepophilus\i0{}, a monotypic of the Atlantic coasts of Europe,
perhaps extending to Morocco> 74<aepophil> 
 
# \i{}Aleyrodidae\i0{}/
1<\i{}Aleurodidae\i0{}> 2<White-flies> 3,1 6,1 7,1 8,(1.5-)2.5(-3) 11,1
18,2 21,2 22,2 25,1 26,7 28,2 29,- 37,1 38,1 39,2 41,2 42,2 44,2 54,2
55,2<with a pad-like empodium or spine between them> 64<Insects covered
with white powdery secretion; wings opaque, clouded or mottled with
spots or bands; fore- and hind-wings of similar size and texture.> 65,1
66,2 67,10 69,18 70,10 71<\i{}Aleurochiton\i0{}, \i{}Aleuroplatus\i0{},
\i{}Aleurotrachelus\i0{}, \i{}Aleyrodes\i0{}, \i{}Asterochiton\i0{},
\i{}Dialeurodes\i0{}, \i{}Pealius\i0{}, \i{}Siphoninus\i0{},
\i{}Tetralicia\i0{}, \i{}Trialeurodes\i0{}> 74<aleyrodi> 
 
# \i{}Alydidae\i0{}/
1<\i{}Coriscidae\i0{}> 3,1<in coastal and other sandy places> 6,1<on
legumes> 7,3 8<about>,11 11,1 14,1 15,2 16,1-2 18,2 22,1 23,4
24,1<dorsal of a line from centre of eye to apex of head> 25,1 26,4<the
terminal segment characteristically slightly curved> 28,2 30,1 31,2 34,2
35,1<? - cf. Coreidae> 37,1-3<?> 39<when macropterous,>,1 42<of
macropters,>,1 46,2 54,3 57,1 61,2 63,2 64<Grey-brown to almost black,
with the upper surface of the abdomen orange-red; hind femora clubbed.
The nymphs ant-like> 65,2 68,3 69,1<\i{}A. calcaratus\i0{}> 70,1
71<\i{}Alydus\i0{}> 72<\i{}Alydus calcaratus\i0{} (Black-and-red Bellied
Alydus)> 74<alydidae> 
 
# \i{}Anthocoridae\i0{}/
1<~ \i{}Cimicidae\i0{}-\i{}Anthocorinae\i0{}> 2<Flower Bugs> 3,1 6,3<on
small, usually immobile invertebrates>/5 7,1-2 8,2-6<6 mm or less>
11,1/2 14,1 15,1 16,2 18,2 22,1 23,3 25,1 26,4 28,2 30,1 35,1
37,1<mostly>/3 41<when macropterous,>,1 42<of macropters,>,1 54,3 55,2
56,1 57,2 61,2 64<Small, flattened, elongate, soft-bodied bugs, with
non-raptorial fore-legs; body hairs normal, by contrast with those of
Cimicidae> 65,2 68,2 69,35 70,5 71<\i{}Acompocoris\i0{},
\i{}Anthocoris\i0{}, \i{}Elatophilus\i0{}, \i{}Temnostethus\i0{},
\i{}Tetraphleps\i0{}> 74<anthocor> 
 
# \i{}Aphelocheiridae\i0{}/
1<= \i{}Naucocoridae\i0{}> 3,3<in well oxygenated, fast-flowing water>
6,3<e.g., on larvae of mayflies and midges> 7,2 8,8-10 11,1/2<mainly>
12,2 15,1 18,2 22,1 23,3 25,2 28,2 30,2 34,2 37,2<in Britain> 49,2 50,1
51,2 59,2 64<Flattened, oval bugs, with head as broad as long; fore-legs
non-raptorial; only the hind-legs with fringes of hairs for swimming>
65,2 68,6 69,1<\i{}A. aestivalis\i0{}> 70,1 71<\i{}Aphelocheirus\i0{}>
74<apheloch> 
 
# \i{}Aphididae\i0{}/
1<Temporarily including \i{}Anoeciidae\i0{}, \i{}Callaphididae\i0{},
\i{}Chaitophoridae\i0{}, \i{}Hormaphididae\i0{}, \i{}Lachnidae\i0{},
\i{}Mindaridae\i0{}, \i{}Phloeomyzidae\i0{}, \i{}Thelaxidae\i0{}>
2<Aphids, Greenfly, Blackfly, Plant Lice> 3,1 6,1<tapping phloem, often
producing honeydew and attracting ants> 7,1-2 9,3 11,1/2 16,1-2 20,2
21,2 22,2 25,1 26,(1-)4-6 27,4-6 28,2 29,- 37,1-3 38<when
macropterous,>,2 39,2 40<when present,>,1 41<when present,>,2 42,2 43,2
54<usually>,2<the basal segment sometimes reduced> 55,2 60,1 64<When
present, fore- and hind-wings at least partly clear and of equal
texture, but the fore-wings larger; all the fore-wing longitudinal veins
originating from a single straight one close to the front edge.> 65,1
66,2 67,7 69<about>,530 70<about>,60 71<\i{}Cinara\i0{} (etc.,
Lachnidae); \i{}Chaitophorus\i0{}, \i{}Periphyllus\i0{} (etc.,
(Chaitophoridae); \i{}Myzocallis\i0{} (etc., Callaphididae);
\i{}Callipterinella\i0{}, \i{}Subsaltusaphis\i0{} (etc.,
Phyllaphidinae); \i{}Aphis\i0{}, \i{}Aulacorthum\i0{},
\i{}Brachycaudus\i0{}, \i{}Dactynotus\i0{}, \i{}Dysaphis\i0{},
\i{}Macrosiphoniella\i0{}, \i{}Macrosyphum\i0{}, \i{}Myzus\i0{} (etc.,
etc., Aphididae \i{}s. str.\i0{}); \i{}Anoecia\i0{}, \i{}Glyphina\i0{}
(etc., Thelaxidae); \i{}Hormaphis\i0{} (Hormaphididae)>
72<\i{}Eucallipterus tiliae\i0{} (\i{}Callaphididae\i0{}: Lime-tree
aphis); \i{}Lachnus roboris\i0{} (\i{}Lachnidae\i0{}: Clouded-winged
Oak-aphis)> 73<Mostly imbibing from phloem of vascular plants, locating
it with such precision as to have been invaluable to plant physiologists
studying phloem transport. Including numerous serious agricultural and
horticultural pests, responsible for damaging plants directly and for
transmitting viruses.> 74<aphidida> 
 
# \i{}Aradidae\i0{}/
1<\i{}Brachyrhinchidae\i0{}, \i{}Dysodiidae\i0{}. Including
\i{}Aneuridae\i0{}> 2<Flatbugs, Bark Bugs> 3,1 6,2<often in plant
litter, under bark, in bracket fungi, in rotting wood, etc.> 7,1-2
8,3.5-9 11,1/2 15,1 22,1 23,4<the first very short> 25,1 26,4<all the
segments short and robust> 28,2 30,2 35,1-2<openings inconspicuous>
37,1/2/3 38,1 39<when macropterous,>,1/2<the membrane sometimes reduced
or missing> 42<of macropters,>,1 44,1/2 50,1 51,1 54,2 55,2 56,1 57,2
61,2 64<Broad, very flattened, black or brown insects; head not widened
behind the eyes; trochanters fused with femora; macropterous forms
lacking a claval commissure - i.e., the clavi separated by the
scutellum; each abdominal tergite with several sclerotized plates.> 65,2
68,1 69,7 70,2 71<\i{}Aneurus\i0{}, \i{}Aradus\i0{}> 72<\i{}Aneurus
laevis\i0{} (~Brachyrhynchidae: Smooth Aneurus); \i{}Aradus
corticalis\i0{} (Hampshire Aradus)> 74<arididae> 
 
# \i{}Berytinidae\i0{}/
1<\i{}Berytidae\i0{}, \i{}Neididae\i0{}> 2<Stilt Bugs> 3,1 6,1<often on
legumes> 7,1/2 8,4-12 11,1/2 14,1 15,2 16,1 19,1<cf.
\i{}Reduviidae\i0{}> 22,1 23,4 25,1 26,4 28,2 30,1 37,1-3<?> 38,1
39<when macropterous,>,1 54,3<?> 57,1 61,2 64<Insects with red or yellow
ground colour; last antennal segment expanded and with a dark tip;
femora expanded and usually darkened towards the tips> 65,2 68,5 69,13
70,5 71<\i{}Berytinus\i0{}, \i{}Cymus\i0{}, \i{}Gampsocoris\i0{},
\i{}Metatropis\i0{}, \i{}Neides\i0{}> 72<\i{}Gampsocoris punctipes\i0{}
(Elegant Stilt-bug); \i{}Berytinus clavipes\i0{}> 74<bertydid> 
 
# \i{}Cercopidae\i0{}/
2<Frog-hoppers, Spittle Bugs, Cuckoo-spit insects, Froth-flies> 3,1
6,1<tapping the xylem, resulting in copious, watery excretion which is
mixed with air and proteins to generate the foam characteristic of the
nymphs> 7,1-2 8,3-11 11,1 13,1 15,1 22,2 25,1 28,1 30,1 31,2 32,1<on the
hind part of the disc of the crown> 36,2 37,1 38,2 39,2 40,2<leathery
between the veins> 41,2 42,1 44,1/2 47,2 50,1 53,1 54,3 64<Larvae
surrounding themselves with a mass of froth. The cylindrical hind tibiae
with a few fixed apical spines, and two strong spines (only) on their
outer edge; tegulae absent> 65,1 66,1 67,1 69,10 70,4
71<\i{}Aphrophora\i0{}, \i{}Cercopis\i0{}, \i{}Neophilaenus\i0{},
\i{}Philaenus\i0{}> 72<\i{}Cercopis vulnerata\i0{} (Black-legged
Frog-hopper)> 73<Some cause noticeable damage to food plants, including
fruit trees.> 74<cercopid> 
 
# \i{}Cicadellidae\i0{}/
1<\i{}Jassidae\i0{}> 2<Leafhoppers> 3,1 6,1<on trees, shrubs and herbs,
variously tapping phloem or xylem, or feeding on cytoplasm> 7,1-2 8,2-11
11,1 13,1 15,1 22,2 25,1 28,1 30,1 31,2 33,2 36,2 37,1 38,2 39,2 40,2
41,2 42,1 44,1/2 47,2 50,2<according to Woodward et al., forming
transverse plates occupying most of the ventral surface of the
metathorax> 53,2<with one to three spiny keels> 54,3 64<Tegulae absent>
65,1 66,1 67,3 69<about>,260 70,90 71<\i{}Adarrus, Agallia, Alebra,
Allygidius, Allygus, Alnetoidia, Aphrodes, Arocephalus, Arthaldeus,
Athysanus, Austroagallia, Balclutha, Batrachomorpus, Chlorita,
Cicadella, Cicadula, Colladonus, Deltocephalus, Dicranoneura,
Dikraneura, Diplocolenus, Doratura, Ebarrius, Elymana, Empoasca,
Errastunus, Erythroneura, Erythria, Eupelix, Eupteroidea, Eupteryx,
Eurhadina, Euscelidius, Euscelis, Evacanthus, Fagocyba, Graphocephala,
Graphocraerus, Grypotes, Hardya, Hephathus, Iassus, Idiocerus,
Idiodonus, Jassargus, Kyboasca, Kybos, Lamprotettix, Limotettix,
Linnavuoriana, Macropsis, Macrosteles, Macustus, Megaphthalmus,
Metalimnus, Mocuellus, Mocydia, Mocydiopsis, Ledra, Notus, Oncopsis,
Opsius, Ossiannilssonola, Palus, Paralimnus, Paramesus, Pediopsis,
Placotettix, Platymetopius, Psammotettix, Rhopalopyx, Rhytistylus,
Ribautiana, Sagatus, Sardius, Scleroracus, Sonronius, Sorhoanus,
Speudotettix, Streptanthus, Stroggylocephalus, Thamnotettix, Turrutus,
Typhlocyba, Ulopa, Wagneripteryx, Youngiada, Zygina\i0{}>
72<\i{}Amblycephalus germari\i0{} Curtis, = \i{}Evacanthus
acuminatus\i0{} (Fabr.): Burdock Frog-hopper> 73<including pests which
considerably damage host plants either directly, and/or indirectly by
transmitting viruses and mycoplasmas> 74<cicadell> 
 
# \i{}Cicadidae\i0{}/
2<Cicadas> 3,1 6,1 7,3 8<about>,20 10,1<in numerous species of warm
climates, via paired tymbals at the base of the abdomen, the
extra-ordinary level of sound production in this family being associated
with complex auditory organs that are lacking in other Homoptera
possessing comparable tymbals>/2<in that those of the only British
representative produce sound of such a high frequency as to be inaudible
to many people> 11,1 15,1 22,2 25,1 28,1 30,1 31,3 32,1 36,2 37,1 38,2
39,2 40,1<glassy between the veins> 41,2 42,1 44,1 47,2 50,1 53,1 54,3
65,1 66,1 67,2 69,1<this being very rare in Britain, and confined to the
New Forest. The Cicadas are happy, for their wives are dumb"
(Xenarchus)> 70,1 71<\i{}Cicadetta\i0{}> 72<\i{}C. montana\i0{} (New
Forest Cicada)> 74<cicadida> 
 
# \i{}Cimicidae\i0{}/
1<\i{}Acanthiidae\i0{}; excluding \i{}Anthocoridae\i0{}> 2<Bed Bugs,
Bloodsucking Bugs> 3,1 6,5 7,1-2 8,3-5 11,2 15,1 18,2 22,1 25,1 26,4
28,2 30,2 37,3<reduced to short, transverse scales> 54,3 57,2 61,2
64<Oval, very flattened, flightless ectoparasites feeding on the blood
of mammals and birds; most body hairs serrate or apically bifid> 65,2
68,2 69,32 70,14 71<\i{}Brachysteles\i0{}, \i{}Cardiastethus\i0{},
\i{}Cimex\i0{}, \i{}Dufouriellus\i0{}, \i{}Lyctocoris\i0{},
\i{}Oeciacus\i0{}, \i{}Orius\i0{}, \i{}Xylocoridea\i0{},
\i{}Xylocoris\i0{}> 72<\i{}Cimex lectularius\i0{} (Bed-bug)> 73<The
native Bed Bug seems not to transmit diseases, loss of sleep from
constant irritation being the main danger to health from their bites.>
74<cimicida> 
 
# \i{}Cixiidae\i0{}/
3,1 4,1/2 6,1 7,1-2 8,(4-)5-7(-8) 11,1 18,2 22,2 25,1 28,1 30,1
31,2-3<one on each side of the head, and a third, which is almost
obsolete, near the apex of the middle facial keel> 36,1 37,1 38,2 39,2
40,1<the cells glassy> 41,2 42,1 44,2 47,1 50,2 54,3 64<Mesonotum with 3
or 5 dorsal keels; tegulae present, covering bases of fore-wings;
fore-wings clear and membranous, with conspicuously raised veins> 65,1
66,1 67,4 69,12 70,2 71<\i{}Cixius\i0{} and \i{}Oliarus\i0{}>
74<cixiidae> 
 
# \i{}Superfamily Coccoidea\i0{}/
1<The former family \i{}Coccidae\i0{}, including
\i{}Asterolecaniidae\i0{}, \i{}Conchaspididae\i0{},
\i{}Diaspididae\i0{}, \i{}Eriococcidae\i0{}, \i{}Kermesidae\i0{},
\i{}Margarodidae\i0{}, \i{}Ortheziidae\i0{}, \i{}Phoenicococcidae\i0{},
\i{}Pseudococcidae\i0{}> 2<Scale-insects> 3,1 5,1/2 6,1<tapping phloem,
often producing copious honey-dew and intimately associated with ants>
7,1 9,2 11,1<some males>/2<females and some males> 15,1/2 21,2 22,2 25,1
26,1-13 28,2 29,- 37,1<in some males only, and there the hindwings are
reduced to halteres>/3<all females and some males apterous> 39<when
macropterous,>,2 40,1 41<when present,>,2 42,2 54<when legs present,>,1
55<when present,>,1 60,2 64<Including the most structurally modified of
all Hemiptera. The females scale-like, gall-like or associated with
conspicuous, waxy secretions, sometimes legless; the males with
degenerate mouthparts, winged or apterous. Insects not covered with
white powder. In winged forms, hind-wings smaller than fore-wings> 65,1
66,2 67,9 69<about>,95 70<about>,180 71<\i{}Chionaspis\i0{},
\i{}Eulecanium\i0{}, \i{}Icerya\i0{}, \i{}Pseudococcus\i0{}, etc.>
73<Including numerous agricultural and horticultural pests. Members of
the group worldwide are (or have been) valuable sources of dyes (e.g.,
cochineal), lacquers (e.g., shellac), cosmetics, food (manna),
medicines, candlewax, etc.> 74<coccidae> 
 
# \i{}Coreidae\i0{}/
2<Short-shield Bugs, Squash Bugs> 3,1 6,1<especially on fruit or seeds>
7,2-3 8,5-15 11,1/2 14<usually>,1 15,1 16,2 18,2 22,1 23,4 24,1 25,1
26,4 28,2 30,1 34,2 35,1 37,1-3 38,1 39<when macropterous,>,1 42<of
macropters,>,1 46,2 54,2/3<usually?> 57,1 61,2 63,2 64<Brown in colour>
65,2 68,3 69,12 70,10 71<\i{}Arenocoris\i0{}, \i{}Bathysolen\i0{},
\i{}Ceraleptus\i0{}, \i{}Coreomeris\i0{}, \i{}Coreus\i0{},
\i{}Enoplops\i0{}, \i{}Gonocerus\i0{}, \i{}Spathocera\i0{},
\i{}Syromastus\i0{}> 72<\i{}Arenocoris fallenii\i0{} (Lettered Coreus);
\i{}Enoplops scapha\i0{} (Sea-side Coreus)> 74<coreidae> 
 
# \i{}Corixidae\i0{}/
2<Lesser Water boatmen> 3,3 6,1<mainly on algae>/3 7,1-3 8,3-13
10,1/2<generating sound by rubbing the spinose inside of the front femur
against the tip of the rostrum> 11,1 12,2 15,1 18,2<wider than long>
22,1 25,2 28,2 30,2 34,2 37,1 38,1 39,1 42,1 49,2<rather, they are
usually modified into scoops> 64<Each pair of legs modified differently,
the fore-legs as small scoops, the middle pair long and slender, with
only the hind-legs hair-fringed for swimming; middle and front tarsi
one-segmented> 65,2 68,6 69,33 70,8 71<\i{}Arctocorisa\i0{},
\i{}Callocorixa\i0{}, \i{}Corixa\i0{}, \i{}Cymatia\i0{},
\i{}Glaenocorisa\i0{}, \i{}Hesperocorixa\i0{}, \i{}Micronecta\i0{},
\i{}Sigara\i0{}> 74<corixida> 
 
# \i{}Cydnidae\i0{}/
2<Shield Bugs, Stink Bugs, Burrower Bugs> 3,1 6,1<including one
root-sucking burrower> 7,1-2 8,3-9 11,1 14,1<?> 15,1 18,2 22,1 25,1 26,5
28,2 29,- 34,1<but falling well short of the end of the abdomen> 35,1
37,1 38,1 39,1 42,1 54,3 57,1 58,6<according to Imms> 61,2 64<Hairless,
dark coloured and often metallic, burrowing bugs, supposedly with the 
connexivia of six abdominal tergites visible, and tibiae with 
numerous strong spines.>
65,2 68,7 69,9 70,5 71<\i{}Aethus\i0{}, \i{}Geotomus\i0{},
\i{}Legnotus\i0{}, \i{}Sehirus\i0{}, \i{}Thyreocoris\i0{}>
72<\i{}Sehirus dubius\i0{} (Dark Blue Shield-bug)> 74<cydnidae> 
 
# \i{}Delphacidae\i0{}/
1<\i{}Araeopidae\i0{}> 2<Plant Hoppers> 3,1 6,1<sap-suckers, most on
gasses or sedges, and seemingly none on woody plants> 7,1-2 8,1.5-6 11,1
13,1 15,1 22,2 24,2<inserted near the lower margin of the eye, which is
usually hollowed to accommodate it> 25,1 26,3 28,1 29,- 30,1 31,2<one on
each cheek> 36,1 37,1/2 38,2 39,2 40,2 41,2 42,1 44,2 47,1 50,2 52,1
54,3 65,1 66,1 67,4 69<about>,70 70,30 71<\i{}Asiraca, Calligypona,
Chloriona, Conomelus, Criomorphus, Delphacinus, Delphacodes, Delphax,
Dicranotropis, Ditropis, Euconomelus, Euides, Eurybregma, Eurysa,
Gravesteiniella, Javesella, Kelisia, Laodelphax, Megamelodes, Megamelus,
Muellerianella, Muirodelphax, Nothodelphax, Oncodelphax,
Paradelphacodes, Paraliburnia, Ribautodelphax, Stenocranus, Stiroma,
Xanthodelphax\i0{}> 72<\i{}Araeopus pulchellus\i0{} (Pretty Asiraca)>
73<Some \i{}Delphacidae\i0{} transmit virus diseases of cereals>
74<delphici> 
 
# \i{}Dipsocoridae\i0{}/
1<\i{}Cryptostemmatidae\i0{}, \i{}Ceratocombidae\i0{}> 3,1<in wet
places> 6<probably>,3 7,1 8,1.1-2.4 11,1 15,1 18,2 22,1 23<short, or
longer in \i{}Ceratocombus\i0{}>,3 25,1 26,4 28,2 29,1<the basal two
small, the third and fourth long and pilose, the third basally swollen>
30,1 31,2<so close to the eyes as to be easily overlooked> 34,2 37,1
39,2 41,1<the fracture short in \i{}Ceratocombus\i0{}, extending
half-way across the hemelytron in the other two species> 42,1 50,1 51,2
54,3 57,2<?> 61,2 64<Head porrect> 65,2 68,12 69,3 70,3
71<\i{}Ceratocombus\i0{}, \i{}Cryptostemma\i0{}, \i{}Pachycoleus\i0{}>
74<dipsocor> 
 
# \i{}Gerrididae\i0{}/
2<Pond Skaters, Wherrymen, Water Striders> 3,2 6,3/4<on living or dead
arthropods> 7,2-3 8,6-18 11,1/2 14<probably>,1 15,2 16,1 18,2 22,1 23,4
25,1 26,4 28,2 35,2<but with a single, simpler, median opening on the
sternum> 37,1-3 38,1 39<when macropterous,>,2 50,1 51,1 54,2 56,2 61,1
62,1 64<middle legs inserted much closer to the hind-legs than to the
fore-legs> 65,2 68,4 69,9 70,3 71<\i{}Aquarius\i0{}, \i{}Gerris\i0{},
\i{}Limnoporus\i0{}> 72<\i{}Gerris apicalis\i0{} Curtis (Black-tipped
Underwing Pond-skater)> 74<gerridid> 
 
# \i{}Hebridae\i0{}/
1<\i{}Naeogaeidae\i0{}> 2<Sphagnum Bugs> 3,1-2<semi-aquatic, in wet
places, often in \i{}Lemna\i0{} or \i{}Sphagnum\i0{}> 6,3/4<on living or
dead arthropods> 7,1 8,1-2 11,1 15,1 16,2 18,2 22,1 23,4 25,1 26,5 28,2
29,- 30,1<?> 37,1<\i{}Hebrus pusillus\i0{}>/3<usually, in \i{}H.
ruficeps\i0{}> 38,1 39<of macropters,>,1 50,1 51,1 54,2<the basal
segment very small> 56,1 57,2 61,1 64<Underside of abdomen covered with
dense, silvery hairs; prosternum without a stridulatory groove> 65,2
68,4<or Hebroidea> 69,2<\i{}H. pusillus\i0{} and \i{}H. ruficeps\i0{}>
70,1 71<\i{}Hebrus\i0{}> 74<hebridae> 
 
# \i{}Hydrometridae\i0{}/
2<Pond-skaters, Water Measurers, Marsh Treaders> 3,2 6,3/4<on living or
dead arthropods> 7,3 8,7-12 11,1/2 15,2<slender, delicate> 16,1
18,1<with the eyes about half-way along its length> 22,1 23,3 25,1
26,4/5 28,2 29,- 35,2<metathoracic gland absent> 37,1-3 38,1
39,2<completely hardened> 50,1 51,1 54,3 56,1 57,2 65,2 68,4 69,2 70,1
71<\i{}Hydrometra\i0{}> 72<\i{}Hydrometra stagnorum\i0{} (Long-headed
Pond-skater)> 74<hydromet> 
 
# \i{}Issidae\i0{}/
3,1 6,1<? - often on oak, whitebeam and ivy> 7,2 8,5.5-7 11,1/2 15,1
22,2 24,2 25,1 28,1 30,2 36,1 37,1-3 38,2 39,2 40,2 41<when
macropterous,>,2 42,1 44,1 47,1 50,2 54,3 64<Costa of the fore-wings
bulging out in the proximal third, lending the bug a 'broad-shouldered'
appearance; fore-wings distally with numerous, conspicuous cross-veins;
dorsal surface without the pitting characterising Tettigometridae, and
the head and scutellum keeled> 65,1 66,1 67,4 69,1 70,1
71<\i{}Issus\i0{}> 72<\i{}I. coleoptatus\i0{} (Variegated Issus)>
74<issidae> 
 
# \i{}Lygaeidae\i0{}/
1<\i{}Myodochidae\i0{}> 2<Ground Bugs, Seed Bugs> 3,1 6,1<mainly, on
herbs>/3<?> 7,1-2 8,2-8 11,1/2 14,1 15,1/2 16,2 17,1<the common
\i{}Heterogaster urticae\i0{}, on nettles>/2 22,1 23,4 24,2 25,1 26,4
28,2 30,1<but sometimes hard to see when the head is coarsely
sculptured> 35,1 37,1-3 38,1 39<when macropterous,>,1 42<of
macropters,>,1 46,1 54,3 57,1 61,2 64<Hard-bodied insects, with red or
yellow ground colour; usually with four longitudinal veins in the
membrane of the hemelytron; the last two antennal segments never more
slender than the second> 65,2 68,5 69<about>,65 70<about>,35
71<\i{}Acompus, Aphanus, Beosus, Chilacis, Drymus, Emblethis,
Eremocoris, Gastrodes, Graptopeltus, Henestaris, Heterogaster,
Ischnodemus, Ischnocoris, Kleidocerys, Lamproplax, Lasiosomus, Lygaeus,
Macrodema, Megalonotus, Metopoplax, Nysius, Ortholomus, Pachybrachius,
Peritrechus, Pionosomus, Plinthisus, Pterometus, Raglius,
Rhyparochromus, Scolopostethus, Stygnocoris, Taphropeltus, Trapzonotus,
Tropistethus, Xanthochilus\i0{}> 72<\i{}Lygaeus equestris\i0{}
(Black-and-red Bug)> 73<The family includes important pests of pastures
and cereals in some parts of the world.> 74<lygaeida> 
 
# \i{}Membracidae\i0{}/
2<Tree-hoppers> 3,1 6,1 7,2 8<about>,5<one species>/9<the other> 11,1
13,1 15,1 22,2 25,1 28,1 30,1 31,2 32,1 33,1<and hugely extended
posteriorly> 36,2 37,1 38,2 39,2 40,1 41,2 42,1 44,1 47,2 50,2<forming
transverse plates occupying most of the ventral surface of the
metathorax> 53,2 54,3 64<The pronotum extended posteriorly to form a
hood over the abdomen, and bent so that its front and the dorsal surface
of the head are almost vertical> 65,1 66,1 67,5 69,2 70,2
71<\i{}Centrotus\i0{}, \i{}Gargara\i0{}> 72<\i{}G. genistae\i0{} (Broom
Tree-hopper)> 74<membraci> 
 
# \i{}Mesovelidae\i0{}/
1<\i{}Mesoveliidae\i0{}> 2<Pondweed Bug> 3,1<at the edge of water>/2
6,3/4<on living or dead arthropods> 7,1 8,3-4 11,1/2 15,1<elongate-oval>
16,1 18,2<large-headed> 22,1 23,3 25,1 26,4 28,2 37,1-3 38,1 39<when
macropterous,>,1 42<of macropters,>,1 50,1 51,1 54,3<the basal segment
very small> 56,1 57,2 61,1 64<An olive green bug with dark markings;
underside of abdomen with silvery pubescence, and ovipositor well
developed; prosternum without a stridulatory groove> 65,2 68,4
69,1<\i{}M. furcata\i0{}> 70,1 71<\i{}Mesovelia\i0{}> 74<mesoveli> 
 
# \i{}Microphysidae\i0{}/
2<Minute Bugs> 3,1<?> 6,3<on small arthropods, such as booklice,
springtails and aphids> 7,1 8,0.5-2.4<less than 2.5 mm> 11,1/2 14,1<?>
15,1 16,1-2 18,2 22,1 23,4 25,1 26,4 28,2 30,1/2<when brachypterous>
34,2 37,1<males>/2<females, which lack the hemelytral membrane> 39<when
macropterous,>,1 41<of the macropters,>,1 54,2 55,2 56,1 57,2<?> 61,2
64<Hemelytra not punctured, pronotum not keeled> 65,2 68,2 69,7 70,2
71<\i{}Loricula\i0{}, \i{}Myrmedobia\i0{}> 74<microphy> 
 
# \i{}Miridae\i0{}/
1<Including \i{}Capsidae\i0{}> 2<Mirid Bugs, Capsid Bugs, Leaf Bugs> 3,1
6,1<mostly>/3<a few>/1&5<rarely, then not obligate blood-suckers> 7,2-3
8,2-11<if longer than 8 mm, not scarlet and black> 11,1 15,1-2 16,1 18,2
22,1 23,4 25,1 26,4 28,2 30,2 34,2 37,1 38,1 39,1 41,1 42,1 48,1 54,3
57,2<?> 61,2 64<Delicate, soft-bodied bugs; the last two antennal
segments often thinner and more flexible than the first two. Both adults
and nymphs with the unique, apparently 2-segmented trochanter> 65,2 68,2
69,208 70,86 71<\i{}Acetropis, Adelphocoris, Agnocoris, Alloeotomus,
Amblytylus, Asciodema, Atractotomus, Blepheridopterus, Bothynotus,
Brachyarthrum, Bryocoris, Calocoris, Campylomma, Camptozygum,
Campyloneura, Capsis, Capsodes, Capsus, Charagochilus, Chlamydatus,
Coniortodes, Conostethus, Cyllecoris, Cyrtorhinus, Deraeocoris,
Dichrooscytus, Dicyphus, Dryophilocoris, Fieberocapsus, Globiceps,
Hadrodemus, Hallodapus, Halticus, Harpocera, Heterocordylus, Heterotoma,
Hoplomachus, Leptopterna, Liocoris, Lopus, Lygocoris, Lygus,
Macrolophus, Macrotylus, Malacocoris, Mecomma, Megacoelum, Megaloceraea,
Megalocoleus, Miridius, Miris, Monalocoris, Monosynamma, Myrmecoris,
Neomecomma, Notostira, Oncotylus, Orthocephalus, Orthonotus, Orthops,
Orthotylus, Pachylops, Pachytomella, Pantilius, Pilophorus,
Phoenicocoris, Phytocoris, Phyllus, Pilophorus, Pithanus, Pityopsallus,
Plagiognathus, Plesiocoris, Plesiodema, Polymerus, Psallus,
Pseudoloxops, Salicarus, Stenarus, Stenodema, Stenotus, Strongylocoris,
Systellonotus, Teratocoris, Tinicephalus, Trogonotylus, Tytthus,
Zygimus\i0{}> 74<miridae> 
 
# \i{}Nabidae\i0{}/
1<\i{}Nabididae\i0{}> 2<Damsel Bugs> 3,1 6,3<aggressive, holding prey
with the fore-legs> 7,2-3 8,5.5-10 11,1 14<probably>,1 15,2 16,1 22,1
23,4<long and slender> 25,1 26,4/5 28,2 29,- 30,1 35,1 37,1 39,1 41,1
42,1 49,1-2 50,1 51,1 54,3 56,1 57,2 61,2 64<Soft-bodied; by contrast
with Reduviidae, the prosternum lacks a stridulatory groove; the
fore-legs less obviously raptorial in form, and the curved rostrum is
longer> 65,2 68,2 69,13 70,6 71<\i{}Aptus\i0{}, \i{}Dolichonabis\i0{},
\i{}Himacerus\i0{}, \i{}Nabis\i0{}, \i{}Prostemma\i0{}, \i{}Stalia\i0{}>
74<nabidae> 
 
# \i{}Naucocoridae\i0{}/
1<\i{}Naucoridae\i0{}> 2<Ship Bugs, Saucer Bugs> 3,3<in still waters>
6,3<on crustaceans and insects> 7,3 8<about>,15 11,1 12,2 15,1<widest
across the middle of the abdomen> 18,2<wider than long> 22,1 23,3 25,2
30,2 34,2 37,1 38,1 39,1 42,1 49,1 50,1 51,2 59,2 64<Without a
respiratory siphon; middle and hind legs hair-fringed for swimming;
rostrum very short> 65,2 68,6 69,1<\i{}I. cimicoides\i0{}> 70,1
71<\i{}Ilyocoris\i0{}> 74<naucocor> 
 
# \i{}Nepidae\i0{}/
2<Water-scorpion and Water Stick-insect> 3,3 6,3<on arthropods, tadpoles
and small fish> 7,3 8,18-22<\i{}Nepa cineria\i0{}>/30-35<\i{}Ranatra
linearis\i0{}> 11,1 12,2 15,1<\i{}Nepa cineria\i0{}>/2<\i{}Ranatra
linearis\i0{}> 16,1<\i{}Ranatra linearis\i0{}>/2<\i{}Nepa cineria\i0{}>
22,1 25,2 28,2 30,2 37,1 38,1 39,1 42,1 49,1 59,1<this comprising two
filaments, which may become detached as in the illustration> 64<With
conspicuously modified, raptorial forelegs, and the abdomen terminating
in an elongated respiratory siphon> 65,2 68,6 69,2 70,2
71<\i{}Nepa\i0{}, \i{}Ranatra\i0{}> 72<\i{}Ranatra linearis\i0{} (Linear
Water-scorpion)> 74<nepidae> 
 
# \i{}Notonectidae\i0{}/
2<Backswimmers, Boatflies, Water Boatmen> 3,3 6,3<on arthropods,
tadpoles and small fish> 7,3 8,(11-)15(-17) 11,1 12,1 15,1 22,1 23,4
25,2 26,4 28,2 30,2 37,1 38,2<in association with the dorsally keeled
form of the back-swimming insect> 39,1 42,1 49,2<although they are used
to grasp the prey> 54,2 64<Abdomen with a ventral furrow containing a
broad median keel; the fore- and mid-legs similar in form and
unmodified, the hind tibiae flattened and hair-fringed, constituting
oars. Air is carried under water in a bubble, which is trapped by rows
of hydrofuge hairs on the underside of the body and which extends to
fill the space between the hemelytra and the back of the abdomen> 65,2
68,6 69,4 70,1 71<\i{}Notonecta\i0{}> 72<\i{}N. maculata\i0{} (Spotted
Boatfly, Spotted Back-swimmer)> 74<notonect> 
 
# \i{}Pemphigidae\i0{}/
2<Woolly Aphids> 3,1 6,1<tapping phloem> 7,1-2<?> 11,1&2 16,1-2 20,2
21,2 22,2 25,1 26,1-6 27,4-6 28,2 29,- 37,1/3 38,2 39,2 41<when
macropterous,>,2 42,2 43,2 54,2 55,2 60,1<reduced>/2 64<Fore- and
hind-wings when present clear, of similar texture> 65,1 66,2 67,7 69,38
70,20 71<\i{}Aloephagus\i0{}, \i{}Aploneura\i0{}, \i{}Asiphum\i0{},
\i{}Baizongia\i0{}, \i{}Cerataphis\i0{}, \i{}Colopha\i0{},
\i{}Eriosoma\i0{}, \i{}Forda\i0{}, \i{}Geoica\i0{},
\i{}Kaltenbachiella\i0{}, \i{}Mimeuria\i0{}, \i{}Paracletus\i0{},
\i{}Patchiella\i0{}, \i{}Pemphigus\i0{}, \i{}Prociphilus\i0{},
Rhizomaria, \i{}Schizoneura\i0{}, \i{}Sminthurodes\i0{},
\i{}Tetraneura\i0{}, \i{}Thecabius\i0{}, \i{}Truncaphis\i0{}>
74<pemphigi> 
 
# \i{}Pentatomidae\i0{}/
2<Shield-bugs, Stink Bugs> 3,1 6,1<mostly>/3<on slow-moving insects>
7,2-3 8,4-14 11,1 14,1 15,1 22,1 24,2 25,1 26<usually>,5 28,2
30<usually>,1 34,1<sometimes enormous, sometimes extending to the end of
the abdomen> 35,1 37,1 38,1 39,1 42,1 54,3 57,1 58,7<according to Imms>
61,2 64<Bugs commonly brown; bases of the antennae concealed by the
side-margins of head, the corium bases reaching the sides of the body to
form epipleura, and seven abdominal tergites with visible connexivia; tibiae rarely
spiny. Scutellum extending the full length of the abdomen, or much
shorter short and triangular. Species with the long scutellum are
distinguished from Scutelleridae by possesion of slender, pointed
anterior projections from the lateral margins of the pronotum to near
the eyes.> 65,2 68,7 69<about>,22 70<about>,18 71<\i{}Aelia\i0{},
\i{}Carpocoris\i0{}, \i{}Dolycoris\i0{}, \i{}Eurydema\i0{},
\i{}Eysarcoris\i0{}, \i{}Holcostethus\i0{}, \i{}Jalla\i0{},
\i{}Neottiglossa\i0{}, \i{}Palomena\i0{}, \i{}Pentatoma\i0{},
\i{}Picromerus\i0{}, \i{}Piezodorus\i0{}, \i{}Pitedia\i0{},
\i{}Podops\i0{}, \i{}Rhacognathus\i0{}, \i{}Sciocoris\i0{},
\i{}Troilus\i0{}, \i{}Zicrona\i0{}> 72<\i{}Zicrona caerulea\i0{} (Blue
Shield-bug)> 73<In late summer, some Pentatominae transfer their
attentions to developing and ripe fruit, and if not excluded on
harvesting can it by the nauseous discharge from their metathoracic
glands.> 74<pentatom> 
 
# \i{}Phylloxeridae\i0{}/
2<Vine Phylloxera> 3,1 6,1<tapping phloem of Dicotyledons, commonly on
\i{}Quercus\i0{} and vines> 7,1 9,2 11,1&2<with complex life cycles  up
to 20 or more forms in some species> 16,1-2 20,1 21,2 22,2 25,1
26,(1-)3-6 27,3 28,2 29,- 37,1/3 38<when macropterous,>,1 39<when
present,>,2 40,1 41<when present,>,2 42,2 43,1 54,2 55,2 60,2 64<Fore-
and hind-wings (when present) of similar consistency, transparent> 65,1
66,2 67,6 69,5 70,3 71<\i{}Phylloxera\i0{}, \i{}Phylloxerina\i0{},
\i{}Viteus\i0{}> 72<\i{}Phylloxera vastatrix\i0{} (= \i{}P.
vitifoliae\i0{})> 73<Including \i{}Viteus vitifolii\i0{}, the notorious
pest of vines.> 74<phylloxe> 
 
# \i{}Piesmatidae\i0{}/
1<\i{}Piesmidae\i0{}> 2<Beet Bugs> 3,1 6,1<especially on Chenopods> 7,1
8,2-3 11,1/2 15,1<elongate-oval> 16,2 18,2 22,1 23,4 25,1 26,4 28,2
30,1<in macropterous forms> 34,2 37,1 38,1 39,1 42,1 50,1 51,1 54,2 56,1
57,1 61,2 64<Superficially tingid-like insects, with red or yellow
ground colour; pronotum covered with a dense pattern of punctures and
with two or three longitudinal keels, not covering the scutellum;
hardened part of fore-wing covered with a similar dense pattern of
punctures; head anteriorly bifid> 65,2 68,5 69,2 70,1
71<\i{}Piesma\i0{}> 74<piesmida> 
 
# \i{}Pleidae\i0{}/
1<~ \i{}Naucocoridae\i0{}> 2<Lesser Water Boatman> 3,3 6,3 7,1 8,2-3
11,1<?>/2<hind-wings reduced> 12,1 15,1<stout, dorsally convex> 18,2
22,1 23,3 25,2 26,3 28,2 29,- 30,2 34,2 37,1 39,1 42,1 49,2 54,2/3 59,2
64<Pronotum and fore-wings coarsely pitted; head partially fused to
pronotum; abdomen with a fine, laminate, ventral keel on segments 2-6;
hind legs without conspicuous swimming hairs> 65,2 68,6 69,1<\i{}P.
atomaria\i0{}> 70,1 71<\i{}Plea\i0{}> 74<pleidae> 
 
# \i{}Psyllidae\i0{}/
1<Temporarily including\i{} Calophyidae\i0{}, \i{}Homotomidae\i0{},
\i{}Liviidae\i0{}, \i{}Psyllidae\i0{} s. str.,
\i{}Spondyliaspididae\i0{},\i{} Triozidae\i0{}> 2<Jumping Plant Lice,
Psyllids, Suckers> 3,1 5,1/2 6,1 7,1 8,2-3 11,1 13,1 15,1 21,2 22,2 25,1
26<usually>,10 28,2 30,1 31,3 32<one behind each eye, and a third
between the bases of facial cones, or in the corresponding position when
facial cones are not apparent> 37,1 38,1 39,2 40,1-2 41,2 42,1 54,2 55,2
64<Always fully winged; fore-wings firmer and larger than hind-wings;
all the longitudinal fore-wing veins arising from a single, median stem;
femora thickened> 65,1 66,2 67,8 69<about>,80 70,16
71<\i{}Aphalara\i0{}, \i{}Aphalaroida\i0{}, \i{}Arytaina\i0{},
\i{}Craspedolepta\i0{}, \i{}Ctenarytaina\i0{}, \i{}Diraphia\i0{},
\i{}Homotoma\i0{}, \i{}Livia\i0{}, \i{}Livilla\i0{}, \i{}Rhinicola\i0{},
\i{}Paurocephala\i0{}, \i{}Psylla\i0{}, \i{}Psillopsis\i0{},
\i{}Spanioneura\i0{}, \i{}Trichochermes\i0{}, \i{}Trioza\i0{}>
72<\i{}Livia juncorum\i0{} (Rush Jumping-louse); \i{}Psyllopsis
fraxini\i0{} (Ash Chermes, Ash Jumping-louse)> 74<psyllida> 
 
# \i{}Pyrrhocoridae\i0{}/
2<Firebugs, Cotton Stainers> 3,1 6,1<in Britain associated with
\i{}Malva\i0{}> 7,2-3 8,8-11 11,1/2<usually, in Britain> 14,1 15,1 22,1
25,1 26,4 28,2 30,2 35,1 37,1/2 38,1 39,1/2<the membranous part often
undeveloped> 42,1 57,1 61,2 64<A brightly coloured insect,
black-and-red. Rare> 65,2 68,5 69,1 70,1 71<\i{}Pyrrhocoris\i0{}>
72<\i{}P. apterus\i0{} (Masked Bug)> 73<The family includes Cotton
Stainers notorious pests of cotton crops (Cotton Stainers).>
74<pyrrhoco> 
 
# \i{}Reduviidae\i0{}/
2<Assassin Bugs> 3,1<but mainly riparian, littoral or intertidal> 4,1/2
6,3<including on other bugs, such as \i{}Cimex\i0{}> 7,2-3 8,4.5-18
10,1/2<by comparison with cicadas, but many vibrate the proboscis
against a cross-striated furrow in the prosternum to produce shrill
sounds> 11,1/2 13,1<some forms?>/2 15,1/2 16,1/2 19,1 22,1 23,3<short,
stout> 25,1 26,4 28,2 30,1 32,2 34,2 35,2<scent glands absent> 37,1-3
38,1 39<when macropterous,>,1/2<the membranous part sometimes lacking>
49,1<Emesinae>/1-2 50,1 51,1 56,1 57,2 61,2 64<Prosternum with a
stridulatory groove; antennae filiform, often apically slender,
geniculate; the rostrum uniquely short and curved. Large species can
inflict painful bites> 65,2 68,8 69,6 70,4 71<\i{}Coranus\i0{},
\i{}Empicoris\i0{}, \i{}Pygolampis\i0{}, \i{}Reduvius\i0{}>
72<\i{}Coranus subapterus\i0{} (Sea-side Reduvius)> 73<Reduviids
presumably contribute to controlling populations of pest insects.
\i{}Reduvius personatus\i0{} used to be valued as a predator of the
Bed-bug.> 74<reduviid> 
 
# \i{}Rhopalidae\i0{}/
1<\i{}Corizidae\i0{}> 3,1 6,1<commonly on plants with secretory hairs>
7,2-3 8,6-16 11,1<usually>/2 15,1/2 16,2 18,2 22,1 23,4 24,1 25,1 26,4
28,2 30,1 34,2 35,2<or these very reduced> 37,1<mostly>/2 39,1 42,1 46,2
54,3 61,2 63,1 64<Last antennal segment neither expanded nor darkened>
65,2 68,3 69,10 70,7 71<\i{}Aeschyntelus\i0{}, \i{}Chorosoma\i0{},
\i{}Corizus\i0{}, \i{}Liorhyssus\i0{}, \i{}Myrmus\i0{},
\i{}Rhopalus\i0{}, \i{}Stictopleurus\i0{}> 72<\i{}Chorosoma
schillingii\i0{} (Sea-reed Bug)> 74<rhopalid> 
 
# \i{}Saldidae\i0{}/
2<Shore Bugs> 3,1 4,1<commonly>/2<in damp places> 6,3<with non-raptorial
fore-legs, usually hunting on bare ground> 7,1-2 11,1&2 13,1 14,2 15,1
16,1-2 22,1 23,3 25,1 26,4 28,2 30,1 32,1 35,2<metathorax without scent
glands> 37,1/2/3 38,1 39<of macropters,>,1 41,2 42<of macropters,>,1
49,2 50,1 51,2 57,2 61,2 64<Rapid runners and fliers, with large eyes;
often but not always black with whitish markings> 65,2 68,9 69,22 70,8
71<\i{}Aepophilus\i0{}, \i{}Chartoscirta\i0{}, \i{}Chiloxanthus\i0{},
\i{}Halosalda\i0{}, \i{}Micracanthia\i0{}, \i{}Salda\i0{},
\i{}Saldula\i0{}, \i{}Teloleuca\i0{}> 72<\i{}Halosalda pulchella\i0{}
(Beautiful Acanthia)> 74<saldidae> 
 
# \i{}Scutelleridae\i0{}/
2<Shield Bugs, Stink Bugs> 3,1 6,1 7,1-3 8,4-11 10,2<compared with
Cicadidae, but generating sound by rubbing toothed, wart-like tubercles
of the hind tibia against the femur>/- 11,1 14,1<? - cf.
\i{}Pentatomidae\i0{}> 18,2 22,1 25,1 26,5 28,2 29,- 30,1 34,1<this more
or less U-shaped, extending to the end of the abdomen> 35,1<?> 37,1 38,1
39,1 42,1 54,3 58,7<according to Imms> 61,2 64<Tibiae spiny, the
scutellum extending the full length of the abdomen, and the abdomen
with seven visible connexivia. Distinguished from the Pentatomidae with a much
elongated scutellum by the absence of slender, pointed anterior
projections from the pronotum. Sometimes hairy.> 65,2 68,7 69,5 70,2
71<\i{}Eurygaster\i0{}, \i{}Odontoscelis\i0{}> 73<\i{}Eurygaster\i0{}
species feeding on grass caryopses are pests of cereals in some parts of
the world.> 74<scutelle> 
 
# \i{}Stenocephalidae\i0{}/
2<Spurge Bugs> 3,1 4,1<sometimes>/2 6,1<on \i{}Euphorbia\i0{} species>
7,2-3 8,8-14 11,1 14,1<? - cf. \i{}Pentatomidae\i0{}> 15,1 16,2 17,1
18,2 22,1 23,4 24,1 25,1 26,4 28,2 30,1 34,2 37,1 39,1 42,1 46,2 54,3
61,2 63,2 64<Dark brown bugs, with black and yellow banded antennae,
front of the head bilobed> 65,2 68,7 69,2 70,1
71<\i{}Dicranocephalus\i0{}> 74<stenocep> 
 
# \i{}Tettigometridae\i0{}/
3,1 6,1 7,1 8,4-4.5 11,1 18,2 22,2 25,1 28,1 30,1 31,2 32,2<on the
cheeks> 36,1 37,1 38,2 39,2 40,2<the cells opaque> 41,2 42,1 44,2<finely
pitted> 47,1<though they are indistinct>/- 50,2 54,3 64<Tegulae present
and covering bases of fore-wings; fore-wings hardened and finely pitted;
mesonotum smooth and without keels> 65,1 66,1 67,4 69,1<\i{}T.
impressopunctata\i0{}> 70,1 71<\i{}Tettigometra\i0{}> 74<tettigom> 
 
# \i{}Tingidae\i0{}/
2<Lace Bugs> 3,1 6,1<on a variety of plants, with two very common
species on thistles; some producing galls> 7,1/2 8,2-5 11,1 15,1 22,1
25,1 26,4 28,2 30,2 33,1/2 37,1 38,1 39,2<though the corium is more or
less detectable> 42,1 44,1 45,1 50,1 51,1 56,1 57,1 61,2 64<Fore-wings
more or less uniform in texture, glassy, with a fine reticulum of raised
veins; pronotum similarly patterned; the scutellum and clavus concealed
by a triangular extension from the posterior lobe of the pronutum> 65,2
68,10 69,23 70,12 71<\i{}Agramma\i0{}, \i{}Acalypta\i0{},
\i{}Campylosteira\i0{}, \i{}Catoplatus\i0{}, \i{}Dictyla\i0{},
\i{}Derephysia\i0{}, \i{}Dictyonota\i0{}, \i{}Lasiacantha\i0{},
\i{}Oncochila\i0{}, \i{}Physatocheila\i0{}, \i{}Stephanitis\i0{},
\i{}Tingis\i0{}> 72<\i{}Dictyonota tricornis\i0{} (Hairy-horned Tingis)>
74<tingidae> 
 
# \i{}Veliidae\i0{}/
2<Pond Skaters, Water Crickets> 3,2 6,3/4 7,1-2 8,2-8 11,1/2
14<probably>,1 15,1/2 16,2 18,2 22,1 23,3<stout> 25,1 26,4 28,2
35,2<with a single median opening, cf. \i{}Gerridae\i0{}?> 37,1-3 38,1
39<when macropterous,>,2 50,1 51,1 56,2 57,2<?> 61,1 64<Hemelytra
homogeneous. Middle legs inserted about mid-way between fore- and
hind-legs> 65,2 68,4 69,5 70,2 71<\i{}Microvelia\i0{}, \i{}Velia\i0{}>
74<veliidae> 
