*SHOW British Hemiptera (illustrated from John Curtis, 1824-1835). 
26 May 2008. 
 
*CHARACTER LIST 
 
#1. <nomenclature:>/
 
#2. <colloquial name(s):>/
 
#3. <habitat:>/
       1. terrestrial/
       2. dwelling (skating) on the surface of water/
       3. foraging under water <genuinely aquatic>/
 
#4. <whether littoral:>/
       1. littoral/
       2. not littoral <implicit>/
 
#5. the insects <nymphs and/or adults, whether dwelling under shelters>/
       1. dwelling under specially constructed shelters, in the form of
          scales or lerps/
       2. free living <not dwelling under specially constructed shelters
           implicit>/
 
#6. <(adult) feeding habits:>/
       1. phytophagous/
       2. mycophagous/
       3. predacious <on arthropods>/
       4. feeding on dead arthropods/
       5. blood-suckers <on birds and mammals>/
 
#7. <adult size:>/
       1. tiny <less than 5 mm long>/
       2. small <5 mm to 1 cm long, with less than 2 cm wingspan>/
       3. large <more than 1 cm long or more than 2 cm wingspan>/
 
#8. <adult head-to-tail body length:>/
       mm long/
 
#9. <whether adults show extreme polymorphism:>/
       1. represented exclusively by greatly reduced, sedentary forms/
       2. represented by both greatly reduced, sedentary forms and
          normal, mobile insects/
       3. represented by normal insects only <implicit>/
 
#10. <sound emission by adults:>/
       1. the males very noisy, emitting loud, continuous sounds/
       2. not extremely noisy <implicit>/
 
#11. <whether adults fliers:>/
       1. fliers/
       2. non-fliers <apterous, with hind-wings absent or reduced>/
 
#12. swimming and moving under water <adult posture>/
       1. on their backs/
       2. the right way up/
 
#13. <whether adults are conspicuous jumpers:>/
       1. conspicuous jumpers <often with modified hind-legs>/
       2. not jumpers <implicit>/
 
#14. <whether adults emit repugnatorial liquid: cf. metathoracic
          glands:>/
       1. emitting repugnatorial liquid as a defence reaction/
       2. not emitting repugnatorial liquid <dubiously implicit>/
 
#15. <adult general form, regardless of absolute size:>/
       1. relatively stout bodied/
       2. with narrow-elongate bodies/
 
#16. <whether adults stilt-legged:>/
       1. conspicuously stilt-legged <the legs long and slender>/
       2. not stilt-legged <not especially long-legged: implicit>/
 
#17. <whether adults exhibit dark-and-pale banding of antennae and
          legs:>/
       1. with conspicuous dark-and-pale banding on the antennae and
          legs <\i{}Stenocephalidae\i0{}>/
       2. without conspicuous dark-and-pale banding of antennae and legs
          <implicit>/
 
#18. head <of adults, length relative to width>/
       1. linear <several times longer than wide>/
       2. non-linear <no more than twice as long as wide>/
 
#19. head <of adults, whether constricted between the eyes>/
       1. strongly transversely grooved (constricted) between the eyes
          <\i{}Reduviidae\i0{}, \i{}Berytidae\i0{}>/
       2. not transversely grooved between the eyes <implicit>/
 
#20. head plus thorax of apterae <volume relative to that of abdomen>/
       1. greater in volume than the abdomen/
       2. not exceeding that of the abdomen/
 
#21. rostrum <ostensible position of insertion>/
       1. clearly arising from the head/
       2. ostensibly originating between the front legs
          <Sternorrhyncha>/
 
#22. rostrum <insertion relative to the prosternum>/
       1. clearly separated ventrally from the prosternum by a
          sclerotized gula <the rostrum brought forwards: Heteroptera>/
       2. not separated from the prosternum by a gula <inserted further
          back, under or apparently behind the head: Homoptera>/
 
#23. rostrum <number of segments>/
       segmented/
 
#24. antennae <of adults, position of insertion>/
       1. from the upper part of the head/
       2. from the lower part of the head/
 
#25. antennae <of adults, whether readily visible from above>/
       1. longer than the head, readily visible from above <not in
          grooves>/
       2. inserted underneath the head and much shorter than it,
          generally invisible from above <lying in grooves in the head>/
 
#26. antennae <of adults, number of segments>/
       segmented/
 
#27. antennae of apterae <number of segments>/
       segmented/
 
#28. antennae <of adults, form>/
       1. consisting of short segments with a terminal, unsegmented
          <tapered> arista that is much longer than the segments
          <Homoptera-Auchenorrhyncha>/
       2. non-aristate/
 
#29. antennae <4-segmented, relative lengths of segments>/
       1. with segments 3 + 4 very slender, and twice as long as
          segments 1 + 2/
       2. with segments 3 + 4 less than twice as long as 1 + 2/
 
#30. ocelli <presence in adults>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/
 
#31. ocelli <of adults, number>/
 
#32. ocelli <of adults, position>/
       1. between the eyes <on the crown of the head>/
       2. behind the eyes/
 
#33. thorax <(pronotum) of adults, whether crested>/
       1. conspicuously crested/
       2. not crested <implicit>/
 
#34. scutellum <of adult Heteroptera, size>/
       1. very large <at least half as long as the distance from the
          hind margin of the pronotum to the tip of the abdomen>/
       2. relatively small <shorter than half the distance from the hind
          margin of the pronotum to the tip of the abdomen>/
 
#35. metathorax <of adults, presence of (repugnatorial) scent glands>/
       1. with a <repugnatorial> scent-gland opening, comprising a
          funnel surrounded by a dull patch of elaborately sculptured
          cuticle, visible laterally on either side <near the coxae of
          the hind-legs>/
       2. without laterally visible scent gland openings/
 
#36. tegulae <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent <implicit>/
 
#37. fore-wings <of adults, degree of development>/
       1. well developed <macropterous: more or less equalling or
          exceeding the abdomen when folded>/
       2. conspicuous, but much shorter than the abdomen
          <brachypterous>/
       3. vestigial or absent <apterous>/
 
#38. fore-wings in the resting <adult macropterous> insect
          <orientation>/
       1. lying more or less flat over the abdomen <often with their
          tips overlapping>/
       2. sloping roof-like over the abdomen/
 
#39. fore-wings <of macropterous adults, when well developed, texture>/
       1. differentiated into a basally thickened <or horny> and a
          distally membranous region/
       2. more or less uniform in texture/
 
#40. fore-wings <of adult Homoptera, when well developed and uniform in
          texture, whether cells transparent or opaque>/
       1. with transparent cells/
       2. with opaque cells/
 
#41. fore-wings <of adults, when well developed, whether with a costal
          fracture and cuneus>/
       1. with a costal fracture and cuneus/
       2. without costal fracture and cuneus <dubiously implicit -
          explicitly recorded negatives encoded as such>/
 
#42. fore-wings <presence of claval furrow and clavus>/
       1. with a clavus <delimited by a claval furrow>/
       2. without a clavus <and no claval furrow>/
 
#43. fore-wings <number of oblique veins>/
       1. with three oblique veins/
       2. with four oblique veins/
 
#44. fore-wings <of adults, when well developed, whether with raised,
          reticulate venation>/
       1. with conspicuously raised, reticulate venation/
       2. without conspicuously raised, reticulate venation <implicit>/
 
#45. fore-wings <whether finely areolate or reticulate>/
       1. finely reticulate or areolate throughout/
       2. not finely reticulate throughout <implicit>/
 
#46. membrane of the hemelytron <venation>/
       1. with 4 or 5 veins reaching or almost reaching the margin/
       2. with numerous <more than 5> veins reaching or almost reaching
          the margin/
 
#47. clavus <of the fore-wing, venation>/
       1. with two veins uniting posteriorly to form a Y/
       2. without convergence of veins to form a Y/
 
#48. trochanters <apparent segmentation>/
       1. apparently two-segmented <\i{}Miridae\i0{}>/
       2. not apparently segmented <implicit>/
 
#49. fore-legs <of adults, whether raptorial>/
       1. modified and raptorial/
       2. non-raptorial <implicit>/
 
#50. hind coxae <of adults, mobile or immobile>/
       1. mobile/
       2. immobile/
 
#51. hind coxae <of adults, when mobile, whether rotatory or hinged>/
       1. rotatory/
       2. hinged/
 
#52. the posterior tibiae <presence of moveable, apical spur>/
       1. with a large, moveable apical spur <\i{}Delphacidae\i0{}>/
       2. without a large, moveable apical spur <implicit>/
 
#53. the posterior tibiae <cylindrical or keeled>/
       1. cylindrical/
       2. longitudinally keeled/
 
#54. tarsi <of adults, number of segments>/
       segmented/
 
#55. tarsi <of adults, one or two clawed>/
       1. one-clawed/
       2. two-clawed/
 
#56. claws <whether apical>/
       1. all apical/
       2. of fore-legs <at least> inserted short of the tip of the
          terminal segment/
 
#57. pulvilli <presence>/
       1. present/
       2. absent/
 
#58. the abdominal tergites with <number of visible abdominal connexivia>/
       visible connexivia/
 
#59. the abdomen <of adults, presence of teminal respiratory siphon>/
       1. terminating in a long, bristle-like respiratory siphon/
       2. without a respiratory siphon <implicit>/
 
#60. the abdomen <of adults, whether equipped with secretory tubes
          (siphunculi) towards the rear>/
       1. equipped with a pair of secretory cornicles (siphunculi)
          towards the rear/
       2. without secretory cornicles/
 
#61. the abdomen <of adults, whether silvery-pubescent ventrally>/
       1. covered ventrally with dense, silvery pubescence/
       2. without ventral silvery pubescence/
 
#62. the second visible abdominal sternite <(sternite 3) whether with a
          long, spine-like anterior process>/
       1. with a long, spine-like, forwardly directed anterior process
          <\i{}Acanthosomatidae\i0{}>/
       2. without a long, spine-like anterior process <implicit>/
 
#63. the second dorsal abdominal scent gland aperture <displacement>/
       1. displaced forwards into the fifth tergite, thus close to that
          of the first gland <\i{}Rhopalidae\i0{}>/
       2. not displaced into the fifth tergite, and distant from the
          first gland/
 
#64. <general comments:>/
 
#65. Suborder <see Notes>/
       1. Homoptera/
       2. Heteroptera/
 
#66. <Division of Homoptera:>/
       1. Auchenorrhyncha/
       2. Sternorrhyncha/
 
#67. <Superfamily of Homoptera:>/
       1. Cercopoidea/
       2. Cicadoidea/
       3. Cicadelloidea/
       4. Fulgoroidea/
       5. Membracoidea/
       6. Adelgoidea/
       7. Aphidoidea/
       8. Psylloidea/
       9. Coccoidea/
       10. Aleyrodoidea/
 
#68. <Superfamily of Heteroptera:>/
       1. Aradoidea/
       2. Cimicoidea/
       3. Coreoidea/
       4. Gerroidea/
       5. Lygaeoidea/
       6. Notonectoidea/
       7. Pentatomoidea/
       8. Reduvioidea/
       9. Saldoidea/
       10. Tingoidea/
       11. Corixoidea/
       12. Dipsocoroidea/
 
#69. <number of species in Britain>/
       species in Britain/
 
#70. genera <in Britain, number>/
 
#71. <genera:>/
 
#72. e.g., <genera and species, with colloquial names>/
 
#73. <economic significance, etc.:>/
 
#74. abbreviated taxon name:/
 
#75. <illustrations>/
