*SHOW British Entomology: Lepidoptera-Geometridae (illustrated from classic works) 
- 12 May 2003. 
 
*CHARACTER LIST 
 
#1. <synonyms:>/
 
#2. <when adults active:>/
       1. diurnal/
       2. crepuscular/
       3. nocturnal/
 
#3. <build of adults - reflecting relative (not absolute) body size:>/
       1. relatively stout-bodied <wingspan less than 10 times the
          maximum thoracic width>/
       2. slender-bodied <wingspan more than 10 times the thoracic width>
          <<implicit>>/
 
#4. <whether adults winged or apterous:>/
       1. with fully developed wings <operational for flight>
          <<implicit>>/
       2. flightless/
 
#5. the flightless females <adults, whether winged or apterous>/
       1. with rudimentary wings/
       2. apterous/
 
#6. antennae of males <form; see Notes before applying this character to
          identifications>/
       1. bipectinate/
       2. with short, paired processes on either side of each joint,
          emitting fascicles of cilia/
       3. <unilaterally> dentate <including serrate>/
       4. simple/
 
#7. antennae of males <bipectinate, whether apex simple>/
       1. bipectinate to the apex/
       2. apically simple/
 
#8. antennae of males <whether ciliate; see Notes before applying this
          character to identifications>/
       1. non-ciliate/
       2. simply-ciliate/
       3. fasciculate-ciliate/
       4. pubescent/
 
#9. face <smooth or rough>/
       1. smooth <with appressed scales>/
       2. rough <with projecting scales, a cone of scales,
          rough-haired, etc.>/
 
#10. <compound, main> eyes <of adults, hairy or glabrous>/
       1. hairy/
       2. glabrous/
 
#11. eyes <whether crossed by sub-antennal hair-tufts>/
       1. each crossed by a sub-antennal hair-tuft/
       2. not crossed by sub-antennal hair-tufts <<implicit>>/
 
#12. labial palps <carriage>/
       1. drooping/
       2. porrect <pointing forward, beak-like>/
       3. ascending/
 
#13. tongue <of adults, whether fully developed and functional>/
       1. fully developed <functional for feeding>/
       2. absent <or vestigial, minute>/
 
#14. wingspan <centre of thorax to tip of forewing, multiplied by 2>/
       mm/
 
#15. forewings <broad or narrow>/
       1. relatively narrow-elongate <more than twice as long as wide>/
       2. relatively broad <less than twice as long as wide> <<implicit>>/
 
#16. forewings <proportions, length relative to width>/
       times as long as wide <base-to-apex length, divided by maximum
          width measured at right angles from hind margin to costa>/
 
#17. the outer and hind margins <of the forewing membranes> angled at
          <degrees>/
       degrees <at the tornus>/
 
#18. the outer margin <termen> of the forewing <shape>/
       1. convexly curved/
       2. more or less straight/
       3. sigmoid-curved/
       4. angulated/
 
#19. the outer margin <termen> of the forewing <whether scalloped>/
       1. scalloped/
       2. <relatively> smooth <no more than somewhat sinuous - not
          scalloped> <<implicit>>/
 
#20. forewings apically <shape>/
       1. blunt/
       2. pointed/
       3. hooked/
 
#21. forewings <whether yellow, green or black> <<for keys only>>/
       1. predominantly yellow/
       2. predominantly green when fresh/
       3. predominantly black/
       4. not predominantly green, yellow, or black <<implicit>>/
 
#22. forewings <pervasive colour: general impression when viewed at
          about 40 cm in good natural light (for descriptions only)>/
 
#23. forewings <ground colour of upper side> predominantly <<for keys
          only>>/
       1. white/
       2. whitish/
       3. pale ochreous/
       4. ochreous/
       5. cream/
       6. yellow/
       7. orange/
       8. purple, purplish, red, pinkish or rosy/
       9. green/
       10. greenish/
       11. light brown/
       12. brown/
       13. pale fuscous/
       14. fuscous/
       15. pale grey/
       16. grey/
       17. blackish/
       18. black/
 
#24. forewings <presence of transparent discal scar>/
       1. exhibiting a transparent discal scar/
       2. without a transparent discal scar <<implicit>>/
 
#25. forewings <presence of discal mark>/
       1. with a clear discal mark/
       2. without a clear discal mark/
 
#26. the discal mark <of the forewings, whether dark-ringed>/
       1. conspicuously pale-centred and dark-ringed/
       2. not dark-ringed <<implicit>>/
 
#27. forewings <whether exhibiting a conspicuously shaded or coloured
          transverse median band>/
       1. with a distinct median band <extending from mid-costa to the
          middle of the hind margin, different in shade or colour from
          the ground colour of the wing>/
       2. without a median band <of distinct shade or colour, regardless
          of transverse lines>/
 
#28. forewings <whether with a pale rivulet: i.e., a narrow, wavy,
          pale transverse band containing a median dark line>/
       1. with a transverse post-median rivulet/
       2. without a post-median rivulet <<implicit>>/
 
#29. forewings <presence of a red stripe>/
       1. traversed by a conspicuous, oblique red stripe/
       2. without an oblique red stripe <<implicit>>/
 
#30. forewings <whether eye-spotted above>/
       1. eye-spotted above/
       2. without eye-spots above <<implicit>>/
 
#31. forewings of the male <presence of fovea>/
       1. with a fovea/
       2. without a fovea/
 
#32. the outer margin of the hindwings <whether rounded, angled or
          tailed>/
       1. rounded <<implicit>>/
       2. angled/
       3. tailed/
 
#33. the outer margin of the hindwings <whether scalloped>/
       1. scalloped/
       2. <relatively> smooth <no more than somewhat sinuous - not
          scalloped> <<implicit>>/
 
#34. <the upper surfaces of the> hindwings <patterned or plain>/
       1. conspicuously patterned <conspicuously lined, spotted, banded,
          blotched, streaked, etc.>/
       2. <relatively> plain <concolourous, or merely shaded or
          suffused, or with only faint lines, or with only a discal
          mark>/
 
#35. hindwings <ground colour: general impression when viewed at about
          40 cm in good natural light (for descriptions only)>/
 
#36. hindwings <ground colour of upper side> predominantly <<for keys
          only>>/
       1. white/
       2. whitish/
       3. pale ochreous/
       4. ochreous/
       5. cream/
       6. yellow/
       7. orange/
       8. purple, purplish, red, pinkish or rosy/
       9. green/
       10. greenish/
       11. light brown/
       12. brown/
       13. pale fuscous/
       14. fuscous/
       15. pale grey/
       16. grey/
       17. blackish/
       18. black/
 
#37. hindwings <whether yellow, green or black> <<for keys only>>/
       1. predominantly yellow/
       2. predominantly green when fresh/
       3. predominantly black/
       4. not predominantly green, yellow, or black <<implicit>>/
 
#38. <the upper surfaces of the> hindwings <whether exhibiting a discal
          mark>/
       1. with a clear <pigmented> discal mark/
       2. without a clear discal mark/
 
#39. the discal mark <of the hindwings, whether dark-ringed>/
       1. conspicuously pale-centred and dark-ringed/
       2. not dark-ringed <<implicit>>/
 
#40. <the upper surfaces of the> hindwings <whether exhibiting
          transverse lines>/
       1. transversely lined <lines detectable, continuous, or dotted>/
       2. without transverse lines/
 
#41. forewings <total number of longitudinal tubular veins, counted
          distally to any bifurcations>/
       veined/
 
#42. forewings <number of (at least partially tubular) anal veins>/
       1. lacking anal veins/
       2. with 1 <at least partly tubular> anal vein/
       3. with 2 <at least partly tubular> anal veins/
       4. with 3 <at least partly tubular> anal veins/
 
#43. the <tubular> anal veins of the forewings <identification of those
          present>/
       1. representing 1b only/
       2. comprising 1b and 1c <only>/
       3. comprising 1a and 1b <only>/
       4. comprising 1a, 1b and 1c/
 
#44. forewings <whether exhibiting vein 1c>/
       1. exhibiting a tubular vein 1c <i.e., this tubular for at least
          for at least part of its length>/
       2. lacking a tubular vein 1c/
 
#45. vein 1b of the forewings <simple or furcate>/
       1. furcate proximally/
       2. obsoletely furcate <proximally>/
       3. simple/
 
#46. the transverse vein <of the forewings, complete or incomplete>/
       1. complete/
       2. incomplete <partially either lacking or vestigial>/
       3. vestigial only/
       4. lacking/
 
#47. vein 10 of the forewings <origin relative to vein 9>/
       1. arising out of vein 9/
       2. arising independently of 9/
 
#48. vein 10 of the forewings <anastomoses and areoles>/
       1. arising independently, anastomosing with 11 and 9 to form a
          double areole/
       2. arising out of 11 and anastomosing with 9 to form a simple
          areole/
 
#49. <comments on neuration of forewings>/
 
#50. hindwings <total number of longitudinal \i{}tubular\i0{} veins,
          counted distally to any bifurcations>/
       veined/
 
#51. hindwings <number of at least partially \i{}tubular\i0{} anal
          veins>/
       1. lacking <tubular> anal veins/
       2. with 1 anal vein/
       3. with 2 anal veins/
       4. with 3 anal veins/
 
#52. the <\i{}tubular\i0{}> anal veins of the hindwings <identification
          of those present>/
       1. representing 1b only/
       2. comprising 1b and 1c <only>/
       3. comprising 1a and 1b <only>/
       4. comprising 1a, 1b and 1c/
 
#53. the transverse vein <of the hindwings, complete or incomplete>/
       1. complete/
       2. incomplete <partially either lacking or vestigial>/
       3. vestigial only/
       4. lacking/
 
#54. <number of tubular veins originating from the hindwing cell -
          including vein 8 if this coincides or anastomoses with it:>/
       <tubular> veins arising from the hindwing cell/
 
#55. hindwings <presence of a tubular vein 5>/
       1. exhibiting a tubular vein 5 <M2>/
       2. lacking a tubular vein 5/
 
#56. vein 5 <M2> of the hindwings <position of insertion on the
          transverse vein>/
       1. arising from well above the middle of the transverse vein
          <i.e., nearer to vein 6 than to vein 4>/
       2. arising from about the middle of the transverse vein <i.e.,
          about equidistant from veins 4 and 6>/
       3. arising from below the middle of the transverse vein <i.e.,
          nearer to vein 4 than to vein 6>/
 
#57. vein 8 of the hindwings <relationship to the cell>/
       1. completely independent of the cell/
       2. joined to the cell only by a bar/
       3. anastomosing with the upper margin of the cell <free from it
          both basally and distally to the anastomosis>/
       4. arising from the upper margin of the cell <coincident with the
          cell from its base>/
 
#58. vein 8 of the hindwings <alignment with the upper margin of the
          cell>/
       1. shortly anastomosed basally with the upper margin of the cell,
          thence rapidly diverging/
       2. approximated to or anastomosed with the upper margin of the
          cell to the middle or beyond/
 
#59. hindwing veins 6 and 7 <whether stalked>/
       1. stalked/
       2. separate/
 
#60. <comments on neuration of hindwings:>/
 
#61. thorax <crested or not>/
       1. crested/
       2. smooth <not crested>/
 
#62. thorax <hairy or glabrous beneath>/
       1. hairy beneath/
       2. glabrous beneath/
 
#63. posterior tibiae of males <number of tibial spurs>/
       1. without spurs/
       2. 2-spurred/
       3. 4-spurred/
 
#64. posterior tibiae <of adults, whether hairy>/
       1. hairy/
       2. not hairy <i.e., smooth or spiny>/
 
#65. the abdomen <patterned or plain>/
       1. conspicuously patterned <with stripes, bands, spots, etc.>/
       2. plain <ignoring effect of segmentation on hair distribution,
          and antero-dorsal crests of darker hairs>/
 
#66. larvae feeding on/
 
#67. pupae <concealed, location>/
       1. subterranean/
       2. on the surface of the ground/
       3. above the ground/
 
#68. pupae <concealed, above ground, detailed location>/
       1. under bark/
       2. in stems/
       3. in wood/
       4. in <often dried> leaves/
       5. in <often dried> flowers/
       6. in fruits/
 
#69. <number of species in Britain, including adventives>/
       species/
 
#70. <distribution in the British Isles:>/
       1. South-east England <East of 0.20' to 52.00' N.>/
       2. Central-southern England <0.20'-2.40' West, to 52.00' N.>/
       3. South-west England <West of 2.40' W., to 52.00' N.>/
       4. English Midlands <52.00-53.20' N., .20'-2.40' West>/
       5. Northern England <53.20'-55.20'>/
       6. Southern Scotland/
       7. Northern Scotland/
       8. Wales/
       9. Ireland/
 
#71. living adults found <months>/
       1. January/
       2. February/
       3. March/
       4. April/
       5. May/
       6. June/
       7. July/
       8. August/
       9. September/
       10. October/
       11. November/
       12. December/
 
#72. <British species (scientific and common names):>/
 
#73. <tribe (Bradley, 2000):>/
       1. Archiearinae/
       2. Alsophilinae/
       3. Geometrinae/
       4. Sterrhinae/
       5. Larentiinae/
       6. Ennominae/
 
#74. <general comments:>/
 
#75. abbreviated taxon name:/
 
#76. <illustrations>/

