*SHOW Grass Moths (Pyralidae-Crambinae). 1 September 2010. 
 
*ITEM DESCRIPTIONS 
 
# \i{}Agriphila\i0{} <Hbner>/
2,1<this short>/2 3,1 5,20-29(-31) 6,1-2 8,1/2 11,2 13,2/3/4 
14,1<sometimes, in \i{}A.
latistria\i0{}>/3 15,1-2 16,1/2/3 17,1/2 18,1<\i{}A. geniculea\i0{},
inconspicuously so in \i{}A. inquinatella\i0{}>/2 19<when present,>,1/2
20,1/2 22,3 24,1 25<pale>,4/6-7 26,1 28,2<except the mainland-European
\i{}A. poliellus\i0{}, this being included in the British list on the
basis of a single specimen taken at Deal, Kent in 1885> 29,1&2&3&4
30,1&2 31,1&2&3<\i{}A. selasella\i0{} in marshy places including salt
marshes and fens; \i{}A. geniculea\i0{} in dry pastures and coastal
sand-hills; \i{}A. inquinatella\i0{} in grassy heaths, rough grassland
and sandy places; \i{}A. latistria\i0{} in inland heaths with a
predilection for burnt patches, also in woodland rides and sandy
districts including coastal sand-hills; and \i{}A. tristella\i0{} and
\i{}A. straminella\i0{} (formerly \i{}Crambus culmellus\i0{}) common
almost throughout the British Isles wherever grass grows> 32<\i{}A.
geniculea\i0{}, \i{}A. inquinatella\i0{}, \i{}A. latistria\i0{}, \i{}A.
geniculea\i0{}, \i{}A. poliellus\i0{}, \i{}A. selasella\i0{}, \i{}A.
straminella\i0{}, \i{}A. tristella\i0{}> 33,7-9 35,1
36,1<\i{}Bromus\i0{}, \i{}Festuca\i0{}, \i{}Poa\i0{},
\i{}Deschampsia\i0{}> 38,1 40<agriphi> 
 
# \i{}Ancylolomia\i0{} <Hbner>/
2,2 3,1 4,2 5,30-34 7<pale ochreous, irrorated grey with a few black
scales, with a conspicuous narrow creamy median longitudinal stripe
which beyonf the middle bends slightly towards the tornus; a fine
yellowish sub-dorsal longitudinal stripe, and creamy striations along
the costa and along subterminal veins; a small greyish discal spot; a
fine, curved ochreous subterminal line, and a zigzag brown line adorned
with silver-metallic scales in the whitish area between this and the
termen; the fringe grey, glistening-metallic and incorporating a white
line> 8,2 10<somewhat>,2 11<markedly>,1 13,2-3 14,3 15,1 16,3<the latter
restricted to subterminal lines> 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,1<plus streaks on
either side> 21,2 22,3 24,1 25,6<with a white fringe>
26,1/5 27<very light grey, whiter
basally and tending darker towards the termen, marked only by a very
fine dark terminal line; the fringe plain white> 28,1<an occasional
immigrant from southern Europe> 29,1<E. Kent in 1935, S. Essex in 1996>
32<\i{}A. tentaculella\i0{}> 33,7&8 35,1 36,1 38,1 40<ancylolo> 
 
# \i{}Calamotropha\i0{} <Zeller>/
2,2 3,2 5,23-29<the females larger than the males> 6,1-2<females larger
and plainer> 7<rather broad, the very slightly sinuous-convex termen not
oblique, the apex somewhat pointed; whitish or light brownish, weakly
suffused fuscous, posteriorly darkened along the veins; either with two
blackish basal dots, two or three representing the antemedian line, a
dark discal dot, and an oblique row of them representing the postmedian
line, or (especially in females) some or all the dots lacking; the cilia
barred brown and buff> 8,2 9,1 10<rather>,2 11<no more than very
slightly>,1/2 13<pale>,3/4/1 14,1-2 15,2 16,4 17,2<perhaps represented
by 2 or 3 dots> 18,2 20,2 22,3 24,1 25,1 26,1 27<shining white, marked
only by a fine, broken dark terminal line; the cilia also white>
31,1<associated with the wetter parts of large fens and marshes and the
margins of broads, but wandering elsewhere> 32<\i{}C. paludella\i0{}>
33,7&8 35,1 36,3<mining a leaf in late summer and autumn, then after
hibernating in its base mining a dead leaf or stem prior to pupating in
the larval mine in June> 37<E. and central-southern England and Isle of
Wight, East Anglia and Lincolnshire, Dorset to N. Somerset,
Gloucestersire, S. Wales> 38,1 40<calamotr> 
 
# \i{}Catoptria\i0{} <Hbner>/
2,2 3,1 5,19-26(-34) 8,2 9,1/2<opposite the median stripe>/3 11,2
13,2/3/4 14,3 15,1/2 16,1/3 17,2 18,1<\i{}C. verellus\i0{}>/2 19<in C.
verellus,>,1 20,1<usually>/2<e.g., C. verellus> 21,1<\i{}C.
permutatella\i0{}, \i{}C. pinella\i0{}>/2 22,1<\i{}C. falsella\i0{} and
\i{}C. verellus\i0{}>/3 23,2 24,1 25,6/7 26,1 29,1&2&3&4 30,1&2
31,1&2&3<e.g., \i{}C. pinella\i0{} widely distributed in marshy
localities, \i{}C. margaritella\i0{} widespread in bogs, wet heaths and
damp places in open woodland, \i{}C. furcatella\i0{} confined to grassy
places at high elevations in Scotland, North Wales and the Lake
District, \i{}C. falsella\i0{} associated with mosses on walls>
32<\i{}C. falsella\i0{}, \i{}C. furcatellus\i0{}, \i{}C.
lythargyrella\i0{}, \i{}C. margaritella\i0{}, \i{}C. osthelderi\i0{},
\i{}C. permutatella\i0{}, \i{}C. pinella\i0{}, \i{}C. speculalis\i0{},
\i{}C. verellus\i0{}> 33,7/7&8 35,2<\i{}C. falsella\i0{} and \i{}C.
verella\i0{}>/1 36,1<\i{}C. furcatella\i0{}>/1&2<\i{}C. pinella\i0{}>
38,1 40<catoptri> 
 
# \i{}Chilo\i0{} <Zincken>/
2,1 3,1 4,1 5,24-32<male>/30-40<female> 6,1 7<of the male rather broad,
the costa basally arched, the apex acute and the termen scarcely
convexly curved, scarcely sinuate termen not oblique; dark or light
reddish brown, sometimes suffused fuscous, finely dark streaked along
and between the veins, and sometimes with a darker longitudinal stripe
from the base to the small black discal spot; the cilia glossy, reddish
brown. In the female, longer and narrower, with the slightly sinuate
termen very oblique and a narrowly pointed almost acuminate apex; pale
ochreous, marked only with fine, inconspicuous longitudinal streaks and
the small black discal dot, the glossy cilia also pale ochreous> 8,2
10,2 11,1 13<pale>,2/2&3<especially in the male being more or less
suffused brown> 14,1/2 15,2 16,3/4 17,2 18,2 20,2 22,3 24,2 25,1/2/3
26,1 27<of the male pale brownish-white, only slightly darker towards
termen and apex, with a very fine dark terminal line and pale
brownish-white, metallic-glossy cilia. In the female pure white,
including the glossy cilia> 29,1&2<locally common in suitable habitats
south of Durham> 30,1&2 31,1 32<\i{}C. phragmitella\i0{}> 33,6&7 35,1
36,1<on \i{}Phragmites australis\i0{} and \i{}Glyceria maxima\i0{}, in
culms and roots and pupating in the stem beneath an exit window prepared
by the mature larva> 38,1 40<chilo> 
 
# \i{}Chrysocrambus\i0{} <Bleszynski>/
2,2 3,1 5,19-22<\i{}C. craterella\i0{}>/20-27<\i{}C. linetella\i0{}>
7<broad, cream-coloured to yellowish with conspicuous golden- or
rusty-brown interneural streaks of which the two in the apex are
thickened and coalescent in \i{}C. craterella\i0{} only; a thick,
ferrugineous, slightly angled or sinuous median almost transverse
cross-line, a finer postmedian one obtusely angled in the middle, and a
series of small black interneural dots in the ochreous-ferrugineous
termen; the cilia brownish> 8,1 11,2 13,1-2 14<very>,3 15,1 16,3 17,1
18,2 20,2 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,6-7 26,1 27<pale brownish or fuscous,
tending darker terminally and apically, the termen with a very fine dark
line or dotted, the cilia white> 28,1<SE England, seemingly both species
being infrequent immigrants from mainland Europe> 29,1 30,1&2 32<\i{}C.
craterella\i0{}, \i{}C. linetella\i0{}> 33,6 35,1 36,1 38,1 39<Perhaps
overlooked owing to confusion with \i{}Thisanotia chrysonuchella\i0{}>
40<chrysocr> 
 
# \i{}Chrysoteuchia\i0{} <Hbner>/
1<\i{}Crambus hortuellus\i0{} Hbner> 2,2 3,1 5,20-24 7<creamy white
more or less suffused leaden grey at least towards termen and costa,
with the veins in darker specimens pale except towards the costa; pale
specimens also exhibit a fine oblique postmedian line elbowed near the
costa; and a pale, dark-edged, less oblique but more strongly angled
subterminal line is always present, also a short streak from the costa
near the apex, and three black dots on the lower half of the termen; the
cilia golden-metallic> 8,1 10<fairly>,2 11,2 13<light to dark>,3/2
14,2-3 15<fairly>,1 16,3 17,2 18<more or less>,1 19,2 20,2 22,3 24,1
25,5/6/7 26,1 27<dark or pale fuscous, unmarked unless the veins are
somewhat darker, with golden-metallic cilia> 29,1&2&3&4 30,1&2
31,1&2&3<wherever grass grows> 32<\i{}C. culmella\i0{}> 33,6&7&8 34,1<in
a cocoon at ground level, where they pupate in the spring> 35,1 36,1<on
the culms of various grasses, without forming silken galleries> 38,1
39<often abundant, and sometimes a pest in upland pastures> 40<chrysote>
 
# \i{}Crambus\i0{} <Fabricius>/
2,2 3,1 5,18-27(-29) 8,1<mostly>/2<\i{}C. perlella\i0{}>
11,1<mostly>/2<\i{}C. perlella\i0{}> 13,1/2/3 14,1/3 15,1/2 16,1/3 17,2
18,1<commonly>/2 19<when present, usually>,1 20,1<commonly>/2<the
pallid, type form of \i{}C. perlella\i0{}> 21<when present,>,1/2
22<variously>,1/2/3<rarely> 24,1 25,2/6-7 26,1/3 29,1&2&3&4 30,1&2
31,1&2&3 32<\i{}C. ericella\i0{}, \i{}C. hamella\i0{}, \i{}C.
lathoniellus\i0{}, \i{}C. leucoschalis\i0{}, \i{}C. pascuella\i0{},
\i{}C. perlella\i0{}, \i{}C. pratella\i0{}, \i{}C. silvella\i0{}, \i{}C.
uliginosellus\i0{}> 33,5-8 35,1 36,1<mostly>/2<\i{}C. silvella\i0{} on
\i{}Carex\i0{}> 38,1 39<the dark var. \i{}warringtonella\i0{} of the
widespread \i{}Crambus perlella\i0{} presumably represents
non-industrial melanism. It occurs everywhere with the pale form, but is
more frequent in damp locations in the north and west.> 40<crambus> 
 
# \i{}Donacaula\i0{} <Meyrick>/
2,2 3,2 4,1 5,25-29 6,1 8,2 11<somewhat>,1 13,2<or ochreous yellowish>/3 14,2/3
15,2 16,1/2 17,2 18,1/2 19,2 20,2 22,3 25,2/3/5 26,1 29,1&2&3&4 30,1&2
31,1<including ditches, canals, marshes and fens> 32<\i{}D.
forficella\i0{}, \i{}D. mucronellus\i0{}> 33,6&7 35,1 36,1<\i{}D.
forficella\i0{} on \i{}Phragmites\i0{} and \i{}Glyceria
maxima\i0{}>/1&2<\i{}D. mucronellus\i0{} on \i{}Phragmites\i0{} and
\i{}Carex\i0{}> 38,2 40<donacaul> 39<The adults scarcely distinguishable 
morphologically from those of \i{}Schoenobius\i0{}, except they tend 
to be smaller.>
 
# \i{}Euchromius\i0{} <Guene>/
2,1 3,1 5,20-24 7<brownish ochreous, terminally sprinkled black, finely
strigulated silver rendering them very glossy; two broad slightly
outwardly curved, parallel transverse lines beyond the middle, and a
fine strongly angled pale subterminal line which is conspicuously edged
distally towards the posterior of the termen by a narrow white patch
containing several oval, golden-metallic terminal spots each of which is
edged basally by two or three black dots; fringe whitish, with two
narrow blackish dividing lines> 8,2<?> 10,1 11,2<convex> 12,1
13,2/3<light brownish-ochreous, blackish-sprinkled> 14,2-3 15,1<at
least, on a microscopic scale> 16,2/3 17,- 18,1 19,1<posteriorly> 20,2
22,3 24,2 25,2/6 26,1 27<pearly greyish-white with dark veins and a
narrow brown terminal line, the fringe white> 29,1&2&3&4<but mainly
southern: of sporadic occurrence, probably not native> 32<\i{}E.
ocellea\i0{}> 33,1-12<found infrequently, reported more or less
throughout the year but mostly January-March and September-October> 34,1
35,1 36,1<on \i{}Zea\i0{} and \i{}Sorghum\i0{} and probably feeding on
the roots, although it has been associated with stored produce and dead
vegetation> 38,1 39<either an occasional immigrant from mainland Europe,
or imported with grain.> 40<euchromi> 
 
# \i{}Haimbachia\i0{} <Dyer>/
1<\i{}Acigona\i0{} (Hbner)> 2,1 3,1 4,2 5,21-24<male>/34-39<female,
with extreme sexual dimorphism> 6,1 7<in the male, broad with the
slightly convex termen not oblique, the apex squared; creamish-ochreous
but irrorated light to dark brown, with a rounded dark discal spot
usually associated with a creamy mark on each side, a fuscous basal
streak dorsal to the cell broken by creamy marks, a curved subterminal
line comprising pale interneural dots each with a dark basal smudge, and
a terminal series of blackish interneural dots, the cilia faintly
barred. In the female relatively long an narrow, the slightly sinuate
termen slightly more oblique; usually rich mahogany brown, with a broad,
strongly contrasting, pale costal streak> 8,2 9,2-3 10,1-2 11,2<slightly
convex> 13<pale>,2-3<sprinkled darker> 14,3 15,1/2 16,2/3 17,2 18,2 20,2
22,3 24,2 25,2/2 26,1/3 27<in the male whitish, palely suffused brownish
especially towards apex and termen. In the female white, and unpatterned
except for a very fine dark terminal line, with white cilia>
28,1<mainland-European, a rare immigrant in the SE> 29,1 32<\i{}H.
cicatricella\i0{}> 33,7 35,1 36,2<\i{}Scirpus\i0{}, in the stems, where
they remain to pupate> 38,1 40<haimbach> 
 
# \i{}Pediasia\i0{} <Hbner>/
2,2 3,1 5,18-26 6,1/2 7<pale whitish-ochreous with paler veins, with
ill-defined dark streaks interneurally between the cell and the dorsum,
with the cilia chequered white and brown (\i{}P. fascelinella\i0{}, the
markings darker in males); or dull greyish- to dark
ferrugineous-ochreous and extensively irrorated fuscous with only faint
markings, the fringe dark grey except for the narrowly pale base (\i{}P.
contaminella\i0{}, with occasional melanics); or ochreous, rather paler
on the veins, with a conspicuous blackish streak from the base to about
half-way and a short crescentic blackish mark towards the middle of this
between it and the dorsum, and slightly glossy including the concolorous
grey fringe> 8,2 9,1/3 10,1/2<in \i{}P. contaminella\i0{} and \i{}P.
aridella\i0{}> 11,1/2<convex, in \i{}P. fascelinella\i0{}> 13,1/2/6
14,1<\i{}P. contaminella\i0{}>/3 15<when manifest,>,1/- 16,3<the angled
median and subterminal lines well defined or faint> 17,1 18<usually>,1
19,2 20,2 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,2/5/6/8 26,1/4<posteriorly, in \i{}P.
aridella\i0{}> 27<very pale brownish whitish, tending somewhat darker
terminally and apically, the fringe white (\i{}P. fascelinella\i0{}),
whitish basally to pale grey and tending darker postmedianly, with a
slightly paler fringe (\i{}P. contaminella\i0{}); or whitish basally to
pale grey tending darker postmedianly and with a faint subterminal dark
line terminating in a dark tornal spot, the fringe white (\i{}P.
aridella\i0{})> 29,1 30,1&2 31,1&2&3 32<\i{}P. aridella\i0{}, \i{}P.
contaminella\i0{}, \i{}P. fascelinella\i0{}> 33,6-8/9 35,1
36,1<inhabiting silken tubes in or around the culm bases of grasses:
\i{}Ammophila\i0{} (\i{}P. fascelinella\i0{}), \i{}Festuca ovina\i0{}
etc. (\i{}P. contaminella\i0{}), \i{}Puccinellia maritima\i0{} (P.
aridella)> 37<inhabiting coastal sandhills (\i{}P. fascelinella\i0{}),
dry grasslands (\i{}P. contaminella\i0{}) and the margins of saltmarshes
(\i{}P. aridella\i0{})> 38,1 40<pediasia> 
 
# \i{}Platytes\i0{} <Guene>/
2,2 3,1 5,12-15<\i{}P. cerussella\i0{}>/18-22<\i{}P. alpinella\i0{}>
6,1<in \i{}P. cerussella\i0{}>/2 7<in \i{}P. alpinella\i0{}, whitish
irrorated cuscous along the dorsum and with a broad fuscous costal band
extending into the apical projection, and dorsal to this a fine white
median longitudinal stripe most clearly defined over the basal 2/3; a
fine, faint, angulated oblique median crossline, and a brown,
white-edged oblique subterminal line angled towards costa and tornus,
the fringe whitish and shining with cilia of unequal lengths. In male
\i{}P. cerussella\i0{} ochreous to ferrugineous or fuscous-brown, in the
female whitish with ferrugineous irroration towards the apex; oblique
median and subterminal lines and black dots at the tornus more apparent
in the male than in the female; fringe in the male grey and darker than
the ground color, with a dark line near the base, glistening-metallic,
and in the female whitish with a broken, ferrugineous basal line> 8,1<at
least towards the middle of the forewings>/2 11,1<very much so in \i{}P.
alpinella\i0{}, resulting in a conspicuous apical projection>/2<slightly
convex, in \i{}P. cerussella\i0{}> 13,1/3 14,1<\i{}P.
cerussella\i0{}>/2<\i{}P. alpinella\i0{}> 15<\i{}in P.
alpinella\i0{}>,1/- 16<mainly>,1/- 17<ostensibly>,2/1<this faint,
oblique> 18,1 19,1<in \i{}P. alpina\i0{}>/2 20,1<only in
\i{}P.alpina\i0{}>/2 21,2/- 22,3 24,2 25,5/6/7 26,1 27<in \i{}P.
alpinella\i0{} grey, darkening away from the base, with a fine dark
terminal line and a contrasting, pale fringe. In male \i{}P.
cerussella\i0{} dark fuscous with a fine, broken ferrugineous terminal
line and whitish fringe, in the female much paler, with a white fringe>
29,1&4<England south of Yorkshire, with \i{}P. alpinella\i0{} also
recorded from Co. Cork> 30,1<mainly inhabiting coastal dunes and shingle
beaches>/2 31,2-3 32<\i{}P. alpinella\i0{}, \i{}P. cerussella\i0{} (the
adults very different in appearance)> 33,6-8 35,2<\i{}P.
alpinella\i0{}>/1 36,1&2<\i{}P. cerusella\i0{}> 38,1 39<on mosses
(\i{}P. alpinella\i0{}), or grasses and sedges (\i{}P. cerussella\i0{})>
40<platyte> 
 
# \i{}Schoenobius\i0{} <Duponchel>/
2,2 3,2 4,1 5,25-30<male>/41-46<female> 6,1 7<in the male, rather broad
with bunt apex, light ochreous-fuscous, sometimes tinted reddish or
heavily irrorated blackish, usually with two small dark discal spots and
often other more or less conspicuous dark dots along the major veins and
subterminally; in the female relatively much narrower with oblique
termen and pointd apex, brown-ochreous, exhibiting blackish discal,
other scattered spots and a blackish subapical streak, or almost
unmarked, rarely anteriorly heavily suffused blackish from base to apex>
8,2 10<fairly>,1 11<somewhat>,1<<@not ckeys> in the female>/2 13,2/3/3-4<fuscous>
14<fairly>,2<darkly streaked and dotted>/1 15,2/- 16,1/4 17,2 18,2 20,2
22,3 25,1-2/3 26,1/5 27<in the male glossy, white, darkened to pale grey
subterminally, with a postmedian band of short dark streaks and a
terminal line of dots, white-fringed; in the female unmarked, pure white
or tending somewhat ochreous towards the apex, white-fringed> 29,1<only
south of Yorkshire, local> 30,1<mainly>/2 31,1 32<\i{}S.
gigantella\i0{}> 33,7 35,1 36,1<in the stems of \i{}Pragmites\i0{} and
\i{}Glyceria maxima\i0{}. Moves from culm to culm on a raft constructed
of stem material, and pupates upright within a stem below a previously
prepared exit hole> 37<confined to large reed beds> 38,2 40<schoenob> 
39<The adults seem scarcely distinguishable morphologically from 
those of \i{}Donacaula\i0{}, except they tend to be larger.>
 
# \i{}Thisanotia\i0{} <Hbner>/
2,2 3,1 5,22-26 7<broad, cf. \i{}Chrysocrambus\i0{}, whitish, and the
whole wing irrorated with large black scales; with a broad brown
subcostal band which bifurcates postmedianly, narrower sub-dorsal and
dorsal ones which thicken subterminally, and narrow interneural ones
towards the termen; an oblique, brown, slightly elbowed median
transverse line merging with the longitudinal bands, and a thin brown
subterminal line which is strongly curved anteriorly and white-edged
distally, and the termen ferrugineous-yellowish with indistinct black
dots; the cilia golden-metallic> 8,1 11,2 13<ferrugineous>,3<irrorated
black> 14<fairly>,3 15<fairly>,1 16,3<the veins and costal edge somewhat
whitish-streaked, a thick obtusely angled ferrugineous-bown median line,
a rounded-angulated white one anteriorly darkly edged, and the termen
ferrugineous-yellowish with indistinct black dots> 17,1 18,1
19<fairly>,1/2 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,6-7 26,1 27<brownish or fuscous,
without marking other than a fine terminal dark line, the cilia whitish
and glossy> 28,1<associated with chalk substrates - coastal cliffs and
downs> 29,1 30,1&2 31,2&3 32<\i{}T. chrysonuchella\i0{}> 33,5&6 35,1
36,1<in the stem bases of Festuca ovina and other grasses, living and
finally pupating in a slilken tube> 38,1 40<thisanot> 
