*SHOW Item descriptions - 31 October 2012
 
*ITEM DESCRIPTIONS 
 
# Aderidae/
1<~ \i{}Hylophilidae\i0{}, \i{}Xylophilidae\i0{}> 3,1.5-2 4,1.4-3.1
5,2.7-5.2 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,3 14,1 15,2-3 17<entirely reddish, or with head and
thorax black> 20,1/2 21,2 22,2 27,2 29,2 32,1/2 34,1/2 35,2<granulated>
36,2 39,1 40,1 42,1 44,2 45,1/2 46,1 50,2/3<being in male \i{}A.
oculatus\i0{} conspicuously expanded, spongy and pilose> 51,1 52,3-4/5<in
male \i{}A. ocultus\i0{}> 55,11 56,1 58,2 59,1 65,1-2 68,1 69,2 70,0.4-1.2
71,2 75,1 77,2 79,1 80,2 81,1 82,3-4 85,1/2 86,1 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,1/2
93,2/3 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,1 98,2 99,1 100,1 101,1 103,1 105,2 109,4/5
110,1<weakly>/2<lobed beneath only> 111<those of the front and middle legs,
and sometimes of the hind legs>,1<in all the legs the basal segment is very
long, the antepenultimate one is lobed beneath, and the penultimate one is
very small> 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,2 117,1 118,2 120,1<not split> 123,2
124,2 127,1.15-2.52 130,1 131,1 139,2 140,3 142,2 145,1 149,1 150,1 151,2
154,4-5 155,2 156,2<i.e., the two basal sternites immovable> 157,2 158,9
165,1/2<?> 166,1/3<usually found in or near old wood, or under leaves of
trees and shrubs> 168,1 171,1 173,2-3 175,2 176,2 177,3 179,1 180,2 182,1
183,1 184,3 185,3 186,2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,2 195,1
196,3 197,2 199,2 200,4 201,2 202,1 205<probably>,2 206,2 207,4<probably
saprophagous> 209,3 210,2 211,21 212<about>,1000 213<about>,50<mostly
tropical> 214,3 215,3<in recent lists> 216<\i{}Aderus\i0{},
\i{}Euglenes\i0{}, \i{}Vanonus\i0{}> 217<\i{}Euglenes oculatus\i0{}
(Fly-headed Beetle)> 218<Very small beetles resembling \i{}Anthicidae\i0{};
head deflexed, sharply constricted behind the eyes; body pubescent,
yellowish or brown. Tarsal segment numbers in published descriptions
differ, presumably owing to occurence of tiny inconspicuous components>
219<aderidae> 
 
# Anobiidae/
1<including \i{}Dorcatominae\i0{}, \i{}Ectrephidae\i0{},
\i{}Gnostidae\i0{}> 2<Death-watch Beetles, Woodworms> 3,1.3-7 4,1.35-3.63
5,1.4-4.7 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,3-4 11,2 14,2 15,1-2 20,1/2 21,1/2 22,1/2 27,2 28,1
29,2 32,1/2 34,2 35,1 36,2 39,1 40,1 42,3 43,3 44,1 45,1/2 46,1 50,1/2/3
51,1/2 52,1-4 55,(2-)9-11 58,2 59,1/3/4/5 61<if present,>,3 65,1/2 67,1
68,2 70,0.32-1.5 71,1 72,1 77,2 79,1-3 80<when applicable,>,1 81<when
present,>,1 82,1-2 85<variously>,1/2 86,1-3 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,1/2-3
93,2/3 94,2 95,2 96,1 97,1/2 98,2/3 99,1 100,2 101,1 103,1/2 105,1<with a
transverse cavity> 109,2 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2
120,1-2 121,2 123,1/2 124,3<rarely 4?> 127,0.98-2.65 130,1 131,1 134,1
140,1/2/3 141<when more than five,>,4 142,1/2 145,1/2 148,1/2
149,1<mostly>/2<Eucradinae> 150,2 154,5 155,2/3
156,2<Xyletininae>/3/5-6<e.g., Dorcatominae> 157,1/2 158,7
166,2/4/5/13<etc.>/- 167<variously>,2/4/5/6/7/8/10<but mostly wood borers,
including pests of structural timbers and furniture> 168,1/2 171,1/2 172,1
173,1/1-2 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,1/2 179,1/2 180<when present,>,1 182,2
183,1 184,1-3 185,2-4 186,1/2 187,1 188,2 189,1/2
190,0<\i{}Dorcatoma\i0{}>/5 192,1 193,10 194,1 195,1 196,3 199,2 200,4
202,2 206,3&5&7&13<notoriously boring in dead wood> 207,5&8/9<Dorcatominae
fruit bodies of bracket fungi and puff balls> 208<Larvae C-shaped with well
developed legs, soft, head hypognathous with very small 3-segmented
antennae, abdomen 10 segmented with the last one very small.> 209,3 210,1
211,1 214<about>,50 215<about>,25 216<\i{}Anobium\i0{},
\i{}Ptinomorphus\i0{}, \i{}Xyletinus\i0{}, etc.> 217<\i{}Ptinomorphus
imperialis\i0{}; \i{}Xyletinus longitarsis\i0{} (Serrated-horned Ptinus)>
218<Small subcylindric or ovoid, reddish or dark brown beetles, with
antennal insertions separated by more than the length of the scape; the
hind coxae with a transverse concavity for reception of the femur.>
219<anobiida> 
 
# Anthicidae/
1<including \i{}Ischaliidae\i0{}, \i{}Lagriidae\i0{} part,
\i{}Melidae\i0{} part, \i{}Notoxidae\i0{}, \i{}Pedilidae\i0{} part,
\i{}Pyrochroidae\i0{} part> 3,2.5-4.5 4,1.9-3.8 5,1.9-5.1 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,4
14,1/2<the neck then hidden by a forwardly-directed projection from the
thorax> 15,2-3 17<brown, black or red, often banded or spotted> 18,1/2
20,1/2 21,1/2 22,1/2 27,1/2 29,1/2 32,1/2 34,1/2 36,2 39,1 40,1 42,1 43,1-3
44,1/2/3 45,1 46,1 50,1/2/3 51,2 52,2-3 55,11-12 58,1-2 59,1<or
moniliform>/2 65,1/2 67,2 68,1 69,3 70,0.73-1.9 71,2 75,1 77,2 79,1-2 80,2
81,1 82,1/2 83,1/2 85<when present,>,2 86<when present,>,1 87,2 89,1 90,1
91,1 92,1 93,3 94,2 95,3 96,1 97,1 98,1/2/3 99,1-2 100,1/2 101,1/2 103,1/2
105,2 109,3 110,1 111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1/2/3
121,1<this with no more than two setae>/2 123,2 124,2 127,1.35-3.7 131,1-3
138,1 139,1/2 140,1/3 141<when present,>,4 142,1/2 143,2 145,1/2 149,1
150,1/2 151<when present,>,1/2 154,4-5 155,3 157,2 158,1/9/12 165,2
166,1&2&3&8&11<seemingly saprophagous in various habitats, but often found
on flowers> 168,1/2 171,1 173,2 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,3 179,1 180,1 182,1
183,1 184,2 185,3 186,2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,2
195,1<these annular> 196,3 199,2 200,4 201,2 202,1 205,2<?> 206,2 207,4<?>
209,3 210,2 211,21 212<about>,3000 213<about>,100 214,16 215,2
216<\i{}Anthicus\i0{}, \i{}Notoxus\i0{}> 217<\i{}N. monoceros\i0{}, \i{}A.
instabilis\i0{}> 218<Slender beetles of small to moderate size, the
pubescent body brown, black or red and often banded or spotted. Probably
mostly omnivorous detritovores.> 219<anthicid> 
 
# Anthribidae/
1<= \i{}Platystomidae\i0{}; including \i{}Bruchelidae\i0{},
\i{}Urodontidae\i0{}> 2<Fungus weevils> 3,2.5-10 4,1.4-3 5,1.5-3 6,1/2
7,1/2 9,4 14,2 15,2/3 20,1/2 21,2 22,1/2 26,1<this short and flattened, by
contrast with that of weevils> 29,1-3 32,1/2 34,2 39,1 40,1 42,1/2/3 43,3
44,1/2 45,1/2 46,1 48,1 50,1 51,2 52,2-4 54,2 55,9-11 57,2 58,2 59,1/3
61<when present,>,3 65,1/2 67,2 68,2 69,1-3 70,0.4-1.15 71,1/2 72<when
present,>,1/2 73,2 75,1/2 77,2 79,1-3 80<when applicable,>,1-2 81,1 82,1/2
84,1/2 85<if not interrupted,>,1 87,2 89,1 90,2 91,4 92,1/2 93,3 94,2 95,3
96,1 97,1/2 98,3 99,1/2 100,2 101,1/2 103,2 105,2 109,4 110,1 111,1 113,1
114,2/3<depending on interpretation> 115,2/3 116,2 117,2 118,2
120,1/2<sometimes toothed beneath> 121,2 123,1 124,2/3 127,0.85-2.1 131,1-2
140,1/2/3 141<when more than five,>,4 142,1<Anthribinae>/2 145,1/2
149,1<Urodontinae>/2<Anthribinae> 150,2 154,5 155,2/3 156<if not all
connate,>,3/4 157,2 158,10 165,1<e.g., some \i{}Anthribus\i0{} spp. being
predators of coccoid Hemiptera>/2 166,2/3/6/7/13<the cosmopolitan
\i{}Araecerus coffeae\i0{} being a notorious pest> 167,4/7/9<the gut often
containing fungal mycelium and spores> 168,1/2 171,1-2 172,1 173,1-2 174,1
175,2 176,2 177,1 179,1/2 180<when present,>,1 182,2 183,1 184,1/2 185,2/3
186,1 187,1 188,1/2 189,2 190,1/2 192,1 193,10 194,1 195,1<these annular,
annular-uniforous or annular-biforous> 196,2 199,2 200,4 201,2 202,2 205,2
206,3&4&5&7&13<associated with dead and dying trees, seeds and other plant
products, and some with fungal rot or inhabiting ascomycete fruiting
bodies> 207,5/7/9 208<Larvae curved, fleshy, widest in the middle, the head
usually exserted and hypognathous, the antennae 1-segmented or absent; legs
absent or very reduced.> 209,3 211,9 213<about>,400 214,8 215,6
216<\i{}Anthribus\i0{}, \i{}Platystomos\i0{}, etc.> 217<\i{}Anthribus
retinosus\i0{}, \i{}Platystomos albinus\i0{}> 218<Adults with the labrum
free, membranous of separated by a suture; the procoxa with a long
concealed, lateral extension, and the postcoxal projections solidly fused
to one another (and sometimes to the poststernal process).> 219<anthribi> 
 
# Apionidae/
1<= \i{}Brentidae-Apioninae\i0{}; including \i{}Antliarhinidae\i0{},
\i{}Cyladidae\i0{}, \i{}Eurhynchidae\i0{}, \i{}Nanophyidae\i0{}> 3,1.5-3.5
4,1.55-2.45 5,2.4-3.47 6,1/2 7,1/2 8,1 9<asymmetric>,3/- 11,3<abdomen very
high-domed> 14,2 15,2 20,1/2 21,2 22,1/2 26,1<this long and curved> 29,1-2
32,1/2 34,2 39,2 40<if recognized as such,>,1/- 42,3 43,3 44,1/2/3 45,1/2
46,2 48,2 50,1 51,2 52,2-3 54,2 55,11 57,2<despite the long rostrum> 58,2
59,3 61,1-3 65,2 67,2 68,2 70,0.7-1.3 71,2 77,2 79,1-3 80<when
applicable,>,1/2 81<when present,>,1 82,1/2 83,1/2 84,1/2 85<when present
and not interrupted,>,1/2 86<when present and not interrupted,>,1 87,2 89,1
90,2 91,4 92,1 93,3 94,2 95,3 96,1 97,1/2<Nanophyinae>
98,1/2/3<Nanophyinae> 99,1 100,2 101,1/2 103,1/2 109,4 110,1 111,1 113,1
114,2/3<depending on interpretation> 115,2/3 116,2 117,1 118,2 120,1/2
121,2 123,1 124,2/3 127,1.1-1.83 131,1 140,1/2/3 141<when more than
five,>,3/4 142,2 145,1 149,1/2 150,2 154,4-5/5 155,2 156,2<the two basal
sternites enlarged and fused> 157,2 158,8 166,1 167,3 168,1/2 171,1-2 172,1
173,1/2 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,1 179,1 180,1/2 182,2 183,1 184,2 185,2 186,1
187,1 188,1 189,2 190,0/1 192,- 193,10 194,1 195,1<these annular-uniforous>
196,3 199,2 200,4 201,2 202,2 207,3 208<Larvae with legs reduced or absent,
antennae 1- or 2-segmented.> 209,3 211,9 212<about>,2100 214,73 215,2
216<\i{}Apion\i0{} (with numerous subgenera raised to generic rank in
recent treatments), \i{}Nanophyes\i0{} (\i{}Nanophyidae\i0{})>
217<\i{}Apion difforme\i0{} (Eccentric Apion Weevil)> 219<apionida> 
 
# Attelabidae/
1<Including \i{}Apoderidae\i0{}, \i{}Pterocolidae\i0{},
\i{}Rhynchitidae\i0{}, \i{}Curculionidae\i0{} part> 2<Leaf-rolling weevils,
Giraffe weevils> 3,2-10 4,1.2-2.35 5,1.15-3.2 6,2 7,1/2 9,3/4<head
elongated, abdomen shortly oblong>/- 14,1 15,2 20,1/2 21,2 22,2 26,1 27,1/2
29,1-3 32,1/2 34,2 35,1 39,2 40<if recognized as such>,1/- 42,3 43,3
44,1/2<some Attelabinae> 45,1/2 46,1 48,2 50,1 51,2 52,2 54,2 55,11 57,2
58,2 59,3 61,3 65,1/2 67,2 68,2 69,1 70,0.55-2.07 71,2 75,1 77,2 79,1
80,1/2 81,1 82,1/2/3/4<very variable in Rhynchitinae> 84,1/2 85<if
entire,>,1 86,1-2 87,2 89,1 90,2 91,3-4 92,1 93,2/3 94,1/2 95,3 96,1 97,1/2
98,1/2/3 99,1/2 100,1<some Rhynchitinae>/2 101,1 103,2 105,2 109,4 110,1
111,1 113,1 114,2/3<depending on interpretation> 115,2/3 116,2 117,1 118,2
120,1/2 121,2 123,1 124,2/3 127,0.67-1.65 131,1-3 140,1/2/3 141<when more
than five,>,3<Attelabinae>/4<Rhynchitinae> 142,1/2 145,1 149,2 150,2 154,5
155,2 156,2-4 157,2 158,8 166,1 167,3 168,1/2 171,1 172,1 173,1/1-2 174,1
175,2 176,2 177,1/2 179,1/2 180<when present,>,1-6 182,2 183,1 184,2
185,2/3 186,1/2 187,1 188,2 189,2 190,0 192,- 193,10 194,1/1-2 195,1<these
annular or annular-biforous> 196,3 199,2 200,4 201,2 202,2 205,2
206,1<Attelabinae in leaves of hawthorn and hazel rolled by the mothers, at
least some Rhynchitinae in assorted fruits, shoots and buds> 207,3 209,3
211,9 212<about>,2100<in 6 subfamilies> 214,21 215,5 216<Attelabidae s.
str.: \i{}Apoderus\i0{}, \i{}Attelabus\i0{}; Rhynchitidae:
\i{}Byctiscus\i0{}, \i{}Deporaus\i0{}, \i{}Rhynchites\i0{}>
217<\i{}Attelabus nitens\i0{}> 218<Adult labrum partly of completely fused
to the clypeus or fronto-clypes, suture absent or incomplete.>
219<attelabi> 
 
# Biphyllidae/
1<\i{}Diphyllidae\i0{}> 2<False Skin Beetles> 3,2.7-3.5 4,1.5-2.9 5,2.6-3.2
6,1 7,1/2 9,3-4 11,1 14,2 15,1-2 16,3 17<the elytra of \i{}D. lunatus\i0{}
black, with a lunate ptch of white pubescence in the middle> 20,2 21,1/2
22,2 27,2 29,1 32,1 34,1 35,2 39,1/2 40<if recognizable,>,1/- 42,1 44,2
45,1 46,1 50,1 51,1 52,2 55,11 57,2 58,2 59,3 61<flattened,>,2<cf.
Joy>/3<cf. Unwin> 65,2 68,1 69,1<with conspicuous, complete lateral keels>
70,0.45-0.72 71,1 72,1 75,2 77,2 79,1 80<abruptly>,1 81,1 82,2/3 85,1 86,2
87,2 89,1 90,2 91,4 92,3 93,2 94,1/2 95,3 96,1 97,1 98,3 99,1 100,1 101,1
103,2 104,1 105,2 109,2 110,2<in British species, but the third segment
with a membranous lobe beneath> 111<in British species>,3 113,1 114,3 115,3
116,1 117,2/1 118,2 120,1 123,1 124,2/3 127,1.2-2.2 131,1 138,1
139<coarsely>,1 140,1/3 141<when more than five,>,4 142,1 143,1 144,1 145,1
149,1 150,1 151,1 154,5 155,1 157,2 158,8 166,5&7<\i{}D. lunatus\i0{} in
black fungi on dead ash trees: Joy> 167,9 168,1/2 171,1 173,1 174,1 175,1
176,2 177,3 179,1 180,6 182,1 183,2 184,2 185,3 186,2 187,1 188,2 189,1
190,5 192,1 193,10 194,1 195,1<these annular-biforous> 196,1/3 199,2 200,4
201,2 202,1/2 205<presumably>,2 206,5&3<especially associated with decaying
logs>/7<e.g., in ascomycete fruit bodies> 209,3 211,8 212<about>,195 214,2
215,2 216<\i{}Biphyllus\i0{}, \i{}Diplocoelus\i0{}> 218<Thorax with a ridge
surmounted by a row of bent bristles down each side; scutellum transverse;
tarsi sometimes 4 segmented in non-British species; the medial feck of the
hindwing partly bisected by a vein.> 219<biphylli> 
 
# Bostrychidae/
1<including \i{}Psoidae\i0{}, excluding \i{}Lyctidae\i0{}> 2<Wood-borers,
Augur beetles> 3,2.5-9 4,2.33-3.72 5,1.8-3.9 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,4 11,4 14,2 15,3
17<black or brown> 20,1/2 21,2 22,1/2 28,1 32,1 34,2 35,1 39,1 40,1
42,1<Dinoderinae>/2-3 43,2/3 44,1 45,1/2<some Bostrichinae> 46,1 50,1 51,2
52,2 54,2 55,8-11 58,2 59,3 61,2/4<loose> 65,2 68,2 70,0.68-1.35 71,1/2
72<when present,>,2 74,1 77,2 79,1 80,1/2 81,1 82,2/3 83,1/2<in some
Bostrichinae> 85<if present>,2 86<when present,>,1 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1-2
92,1 93,2/3 94,2 95,2/3 96,1 97,1 98,1<Dinoderinae>/2<Bostrichinae> 99,1
100,1/2 101,1 103,1/2 105,2 109,2 110,2 111<of British species,>,3 113,1
114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1 123,1 124,3 127,1.5-2.85 131,1
134,1<strongly sclerotized> 137<often>,3<distally>/- 140,1/3 141<when more
than five,>,4 142,1<Dinoderinae>/2<Bostrychinae> 145,1 149,1/2 150,2
154,5<the first hardly longer than the second or the third> 155,1 157,1
158,7 165,2 166,1/3/4/13 167<variously>,3/4/5/6/7/8<with many boring into
tree trunks, branches and twigs of dead or dying trees, others into
sapwood> 168,1/2 171,1/2 172,1 173,1/2/1-2 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,3 179,1/2
180<when present,>,1<Euderiinae, some Psoinae> 182,2 183,1
184,1/2<Euderiinae, some Psoinae>/3<Dinoderinae> 185,2/3
186,1<Dinoderinae>/2 187,1 188,1<Dinoderinae>/2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10
194,1 195,1<these annular ot annular-uniforous> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,2
206<often tunnelling in moribund and newly fallen timber.
\i{}Dinoderus\i0{} larvae commonly feed in stems of bamboos and other
monocots, and can be pests in cane furniture and basket-work, while some
Lyctinae reduce dried wood to fine powder (powderpost beetles)> 207,6&8
209,3 210,1 211,1 212<about>,700 214,3 215,3 216<\i{}Bostrichus\i0{},
\i{}Rhyzopertha\i0{}, \i{}Stephanopachys\i0{}> 217<\i{}Bostrichus capucinus
\i0{}(Capuchin Beetle: extinct?)> 218<Cervical sclerites absent; the tarsi
more variable in non-British species.> 219<bostrych> 
 
# Bruchidae/
1<~\i{}Chrysomelidae\i0{}-Bruchinae> 2<Seed-weevils> 3,2-5 4,1.45-3.1
5,1.85-3.7 6,1 7,1/2 9,2-3 14,1-2 15,1 17<usually mottled> 20,2 21,2 22,2
29,1 32,1/2 33<deeply>,1 34,2 39,1 40,1 42,1 44,1 45,1 46,1 50,1 51,2
52,2-3 55,11 58,2 59,1/4 65,1 68,2 70,0.55-0.95 71,1/2 72<when
present,>,1/2 77,2 79,1/2 80,1/2 81,1 82,1/2/3/4 85,1/2 86,1-2 87,2 89,1
90,1/2 91,2/3/4 92,1/2 93,1-2 94,1/2 95,3 96,1 97,1/2 98,2/3 99,1/2 100,1
101,1 102,1 103,2 105,2 109,4 110,1 111,1 113,1 114,2/3<depending on
interpretation> 115,2/3 116,2 117,1 118,2 120,2 121,2 123,1 124,2/3<the
basal segment longer than the rest together> 127,0.9-1.9 130,1 131,1-3
133,1 138,1<clothed with recumbent hairs> 140,2/3 141<when more than
five,>,4 142,2 145,1 149,1/2 154,5 155,1 157,2 158,10 166,1
167,3<especially associated with legumes> 168,1/2 169,3 171,1 172,1 173,1
174,1 175,2 176,2 177,2/3 178,2 179,1 180,1-3 181,2 182,2 183,1 184,1
185,1-3 186,- 187,2 189,1-2 190,0/3-5 192,1 193,10 194,1 195,1<these
annular, annular-uniforous or annular-biforous> 196,3 197,2 199,2 200,4
201,2 202,2 206<often>,4&13 207,3&5<seed feeders, especially on legumes,
but also \i{}Compositae\i0{}, \i{}Malvaceae\i0{}, \i{}Convolvulaceae\i0{},
etc.> 209,3 210,2 211,6 212<about>,1300 213<about>,60 214,13 215,5
216<\i{}Acanthoscelides\i0{}, \i{}Bruchidius\i0{}, \i{}Bruchus\i0{},
\i{}Callosobruchus\i0{}, \i{}Zabrotes\i0{}> 218<Small, ovoid, compact
beetles with the head deflexed and a long neck; body with recumbent hairs,
often spotted.> 219<bruchida> 
 
# Buprestidae/
1<including \i{}Schizopodidae\i0{}> 2<Jewel Beetles> 3,2.3-12 4,1.25-5.15
5,2-6.83 6,1/2 7,1/2 8,3 9,3/4 14,2 15,3 17<brightly metallic> 18,1/2
20,1/2 21,1/2 22,1/2 29,1-3 32,1/2 34,2 35,1 39,1 40,1 42,3 43,3 44,1/2
45,1/2 46,1/2<some Agrilinae> 50,1 51,2 52,1-3 55,(10-)11(-12) 58,2
59,1<sometimes, more or less>/3<occasionally, weakly>/4<usually> 65,1/2
67,1<some Agrilinae>/2 68,1 69,1-2 70,0.2-0.95 71,1/2<some Buprestinae>
72<when present,>,1/2 73,1/2 75,2 77,2 79,1-2/3 80<when present, usually>,1
85,1 86,3-4 87,1 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,3 93,2/3 94,1/2 95,1 96,1 97,1<some
Buprestinae>/2 98,3 99,1 100,1 101,1 103,1 105,1<with a backwardly facing
concavity> 109,2 110,1 111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1/2
121,2 123,1 124,3 127,1-3.2 131,1/3 134,1 139,1 140,1/2/3 141<when more
than five,>,3-5 142,1/2 145,1 149,2 150,2 154,4-7 155,1/2 156<when
present>,2 157,1 158,4 166,1&11<especially on tree trunks and nectarial
flowers> 167,3 168<variable in size,>,1/2 171,1 173,1-2/3<Agrilinae> 174,1
175,2 176,2 177,2 179,1/2<usually> 180<when present,>,2<Agrilinae> 182,2
183,1 184,2/3/- 185,2 186,3/- 187,1/2<Agrilinae> 188<when present, i.e.
usually,>,1 189,2 190,0<in Agrilinae>/1-2 192<when developed>,1/- 193,10
194,1 195,1<these cribriform> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,2 206,1/2/3<often
feeding in the cambium and younger wood of trees (including roots), or in
stems of herbaceous plants, also some leaf miners> 207,3 208<Larvae
soft-bodied and legless, the head small and retracted without ocelli, the
labrum free, the antennae very short, the prothorax markedly expanded and
flattened, and the hind body relatively slender.> 209,3 210,3 211,2
212<about>,15000 213<about>,450 214,12 215,5 216<\i{}Agrilus\i0{},
\i{}Anthaxia\i0{}, \i{}Aphanisticus\i0{}, \i{}Melanophila\i0{},
\i{}Trachys\i0{}> 217<\i{}Agrilus sinuatus\i0{} (Gold-and-purple Agrilus);
\i{}Aphanisticus pusillus\i0{} (Smallest Buprestid); \i{}Anthaxia
nitidula\i0{} (Glittering Buprestid)> 218<Adult metaventrite (=
metasternum) with a transverse groove, by contrast with
\i{}Chrysomelidae\i0{}, and the eyes very large and higher than wide, by
contrast with \i{}Drilidae\i0{}.> 219<bupresti> 
 
# Byrrhidae/
1<including \i{}Syncalyptidae\i0{}> 3,1.2-10 4,1.25-1.8 5,1.9-3.9 6,1 7,1/2
9<short, stout,>,2 11,3 13,1 14,2 15,1 16,3<retracting the legs firmly into
cavities in the ventral body surface when alarmed> 17<dull black, or bright
metallic green> 20,1/2 21,2/1 22,1/2 27,1/2 29,1 32,1/2 34,2 35,1 39,1 40,1
42,1/2-3 43,1-3 44,2/3 45,1/2 46,1 50,1/2 51,2 52,1-2 55,(10-)11 59,2
65,1/2 67,2 68,1 70,0.38-0.65 71,1 72,1 77,2 79,1-3 80<when present,>,1
81,1 82,1 85,1 86,3 87,1/2 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,3 93,1 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,2
98,3 99,1 100,1 101,1/2 103,1 105,1<with a sharp-edged declivity or hollow>
109,2/4 110,2 111,1/3<third segment lobed beneath, fourth small, fifth
long, the terminal segment not as long as the other four together> 113,1
114,2/3 115,2/3 116,1/3 117,2/1 118,2 120,1 121,1<this with no more than
two setae> 123,1 124,2/3 127,0.9-1.43 131,1 140,1/2 141,4/5 142,2 143,1-2
144<if present,>,2<abruptly narrowed or excavated> 145,1/2 149,2 150,2
154,5 155,2 156,2/3 157,2 158,1 168,1/2 171,1-2 172,1-2 173,1-2 174,1
175,1/2 176,2 177,3 179,1 180,6 182,2 183,1 184,1/4 185,4 186,1/2 187,1
188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,1 195,1<these biforous or bilabiate>
196,3 199,2 200,4 202,2 205,2 206<found under stones, in moss, in grass
roots, etc.> 207,3<feeding on bryophytes and lichens, also roots of
angiosperms including grasses> 209,3 210,3 211,3 212<about>,280 214,12
215,6 216<\i{}Byrrhys\i0{}, \i{}Cytilus\i0{}, \i{}Morychus\i0{},
\i{}Porcinolus\i0{}, \i{}Simplocaria\i0{}, \i{}Syncalypta\i0{}>
217<\i{}Byrrhus pilula\i0{} ssp. \i{}dennii\i0{} (Denny's Byrrhus);
\i{}Simplocaria semistriata\i0{} (Half-channelled Byrrhus)> 218<retracting
the appendages tightly when alarmed> 219<byrrhida> 
 
# Byturidae/
2<Fruitworm beetles, Raspberry beetle> 3,3.5-5 4,1.45-2.72 5,3-3.5 6,1
7,1/2 9,4 11,4 14,2 15,2-3 17<deep yellow, covered with fine yellow
pubescence> 20,2 21,2 22,2 27,2 29,2 32,1 34,2 35,1 39,1 40,1 42,1 44,1/2
45,3 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,1-2 55,11 59,3 61,3 68,1 70,0.45-0.75 71,1 72,1 76,2
77,2 79,1 80,2 81,1 82,2/3 85,1 86,2 87,2 89,1 90,1/2<?> 91<if open,>,2
92,2 93,1 94,1 95,2/3 96,1 97,1 98,2 99,2 100,1 101,1 103,2
109<ostensibly>,3/4<hard to interpret: the tarsi are velvety beneath, with
five segments; the first and fourth segments are very small, with the
latter hidden between the lobes of the third, and the fifth is as long as
the rest together> 110,1<the second and third segments produced into long
lappets> 111,1&2 113,1 114,3 115,3 116<ambiguously>,1/2<the penultimate
one>/4 117,1 118,2 120,2<bent, with a strong tooth at the base beneath>
123,1 124,3 127,1.02-2.1 131,1 132,1 133,2 138,1<covered with silky yellow
hairs> 140,1/3 141<when more than five,>,4 142,1 145,1 149,1 150,1 151,1
154,5-6 155,1 157,2 158,8 166,1&11 168,2 171,1 173,2 174,1 175,1 176,2
177,3 179,1 180,6 182,1 183,1 184,2 185,3 186,2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5
192,1 193,10 194,2 195,1<these annular-biforous> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,1
207,3<in fruits of raspberries and blackberries, including the pest
raspberry beetle (\i{}Byturus tomentosus\i0{})> 209,3 211,8
212<about>,25<holarctic> 214,2 215,1 216<\i{}Byturus\i0{}> 217<\i{}Byturus
tomentosus\i0{}> 218<Unwin represents the modified tarsi as 4,4,4 with
some bilobed segments, while Imms and Lawrence \i{}et al.\i0{} settle for
5,5,5 .... Medial fleck of hindwing partly bisected by a vein.>
219<byturida> 
 
# Cantharidae/
1<\i{}Telephoridae\i0{}, \i{}Chauliognathidae\i0{}> 2<Soldier-beetles,
Leatherwing beetles> 3,2-15 4,2.05-6.2 5,1.4-6.25 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,3-5 11,1
14,2 15,2-3 20,2 21,2 22,2 29,1-3 32,1/2 34,2 35,1 39,2 40<where
recorded,>,2/- 42,3 43,1-3 44,1 45,1/2/3<some Malthininae> 46,1
50,3/4<Malthininae only> 51,1/2<Malthininae> 52,2-5 55,11 58,2 59,1 65,1
67,2 68,1 69,2 70,0.46-1.25 71,1 72,1 75,1/2 77,2 79,1 80,2 81,1 82,1/2/3/4
87,2 89,2 96,1/2 97<when countersunk,>,1 98<when present,>,1 99,2 100<when
applicable,>,1 101,1 103,1 109,2 110,1 111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2
118,2 120,1/2 121,2 123,1 124,3 127,0.95-3.1 129,1/2 130,1/2 131,1-3
133,1<often>/2 134,2 137,5 138,1 140,1<some Malthininae>/3 141<when more
than five,>,3/4 142,2 145,1/2 149,2 150,2 154,7-8 155,1 157,1 158,8/12
165,1<mostly facultative predators feeding on soft-bodied insects, but also
consuming plant material> 166<generally>,1&11<mostly diurnally active>
168,1-3 171,1 173,2 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,3 179,1 180,1 182,1 183,3 184,1
185,3/4 186,1 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,1 195,1<these
annular> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,2 205,1<usually, feeding on soft-bodied
insects, including caterpillars and fly larvae>/2<some species>
206<commonly found in leaf litter, under bark or stones, in moss, or in the
soil> 207<if not predaceous,>,3 208<Larvae equipped with channelled
mandibles associated with paralyzing and extra-oral digestion of prey.>
209,3 210,3 211,4 213<about>,50 214,41 215,6 216<\i{}Cantharis\i0{},
\i{}Malthodes\i0{}, \i{}Malthinus\i0{}, \i{}Podabrus\i0{},
\i{}Rhagonycha\i0{}, \i{}Silis\i0{}> 217<\i{}Cantharis abdominalis\i0{}
var. \i{}cyanea\i0{}; \i{}Cantharis decipiens\i0{}; \i{}Rhagonycha
testacea\i0{}> 218<Adults elongate, flattened and parallel-sided,
soft-bodied and usually finely pubescent; the labrum largely membranous. In
common with \i{}Lycidae\i0{}, \i{}Lymexylidae\i0{}, \i{}Meloidae\i0{}, some
\i{}Dermestidae\i0{}, some \i{}Melyridae\i0{} and some
\i{}Staphylinidae\i0{}, the undersides of these beetles lack the usual
procoxal cavities.> 219<canthari> 
 
# Carabidae/
1<\i{}Brachinidae\i0{}, \i{}Omophronidae\i0{}, \i{}Paussidae\i0{}, etc.>
2<Ground-, Hunting-, Carnivorous-, Bombardier- (etc.) Beetles> 3,2-30
4,1.3-4.25 5,1.58-5.4 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,2-4 14,2 15,3 16,1<often>/2 20,1/2
21,1/2 22,2 27,1 29,1 32,1/2 34,1/2 39,1 40,1 42,1/2/3 43,1-3
44,1<mostly>/2 45,1<occasionally>/2/3 46,1 50<variously, in most
sub-groups>,1/2/3 51,1/2 52,2-4 55,(2-)9-11 59,1<or flattened> 65,1-2
66,2<inserted between eyes and mandibles, under a frontal ridge> 67,2
68<seemingly consistently>,2 69,1-2 70,0.35-2.25 71,1/2 72<when present,>,1
75,1/2 77,1 79,1-3 80<when present, commonly>,2/1 81,1 82,1/2/3 85,1 86,2-4
87,1/2 89,1 90,1/2 91,1-2/2-3/3-4 92,3 93,3 94,2 95,1<commonly>/2<e.g.,
some Brachininae> 96,1 97,1/2 98,2/3 99,1 100,1/2 101,1<mostly>/2<some
Brachininae> 103,2 104,2 109,2 110<mostly>,2 111,3 113,1 114,3<rarely 4?>
115,3<rarely 4?> 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1/2/3 121,1<this with no more than
two setae>/2 123,1 124,3<rarely 4?> 127,0.93-3.1 131,1-3
139<usually>,1<with characteristic, fixed setiferous punctures> 140,1/2/3
141<when more than five,>,1/2/3/6 142,2 145,1/2 148<when present,>,1/2
149,1/2<mostly> 150,2 154,6<mostly>/7-8<Brachyninae> 155,2 156,3 157,1/2
158,5 165<mostly>,1<feeding on a wide range of arthropods, some on worms
and molluscs> 166<ubiquitous, often found running and flying actively in
the open while hunting> 168,1-3 171,1-2 173,1-3 174,1 175,1/2 176,1/2
177,2/4 179,1/2 180<when present,>,1-7 182,1 183,3
184,1<usually>/2<sometimes, in Harpalini> 185,3-5 186,1/2/3 187,1 188,2/3
189,1 190,4/6 192,1/2 193,10 194,1 195,1<these annular> 196,3 199,2 200,4
202,1 205<variously>,1<or parasitic>/2<?> 206<encompassing a wide range of
habitats> 208<The larvae are mostly campodeiform, with 10-segmented
flattened body, long 2-clawed legs, and prominent 3- to 5-segmented
antennae.> 209,1 211,5 212<about>,40000 214,342 215,62 216<\i{}Aepus\i0{},
\i{}Agonum\i0{}, \i{}Amara\i0{}, \i{}Bembidion\i0{}, \i{}Broscus\i0{},
\i{}Blethisa\i0{}, \i{}Brachinus\i0{}, \i{}Calathus\i0{},
\i{}Callistus\i0{}, \i{}Calosoma\i0{}, \i{}Carabus\i0{}, \i{}Cillenus\i0{},
\i{}Clivina\i0{}, \i{}Cychrus\i0{}, \i{}Cymindis\i0{}, \i{}Demetrias\i0{},
\i{}Diachromus\i0{}, \i{}Dichirotrichus\i0{}, \i{}Dromius\i0{},
\i{}Drypta\i0{}, \i{}Dyschirius\i0{}, \i{}Elaphrus\i0{}, \i{}Feronia\i0{},
\i{}Harpalus\i0{}, \i{}Lebia\i0{}, \i{}Leistus\i0{}, \i{}Licinus\i0{},
\i{}Masoreus\i0{}, \i{}Miscodera\i0{}, \i{}Nebria\i0{},
\i{}Notiophilus\i0{}, \i{}Odacantha\i0{}, \i{}Patrobus\i0{},
\i{}Pelophila\i0{}, \i{}Poecilus\i0{}, \i{}Pogonus\i0{},
\i{}Polistichius\i0{}, \i{}Pterostichus\i0{}, \i{}Tachys\i0{}, etc.>
217<\i{}Aepus marinus\i0{} (Tawny Aepus); \i{}Agonum sexpunctatum\i0{};
\i{}Amara fulva\i0{}; \i{}Bembidion pallidipenne\i0{}; \i{}Broscus
cephalotes\i0{} (Large-headed Badister); \i{}Tachys micros\i0{} (Narrow
Blemus); \i{}Blethisa multipunctatum\i0{} (Large-punctured Carabus);
\i{}Brachinus scolpeta\i0{} (Single-spotted Bombardier Beetle);
\i{}Calathus punctipennis\i0{} (Broad Calathus: a mainland-European
species); \i{}Callistus lunatus\i0{} (Kent Carabus); \i{}Calosoma
sycophanta\i0{} (Splendid Carabus); \i{}Carabus violaceus\i0{} (Violet
Ground-beetle); \i{}Cillenus (Bembidion) lateralis\i0{}; \i{}Clivina
collaris\i0{} (Winged Clivina); \i{}Cychrus caraboides\i0{} ssp.
\i{}rostratus\i0{} (Long-headed Carabus); \i{}Dichirotrichus
obsoletus\i0{}; \i{}Dromius spilotus\i0{} (Epaulet Dromius); \i{}Drypta
dentata\i0{} (Blue Drypta); \i{}Dyschirius nitidus\i0{} (Simple-legged
Dischirius); \i{}Elaphrus uliginosus\i0{} (Dark-legged Elaphrus);
\i{}Feronia macra\i0{}; \i{}Feronia madida\i0{} var. \i{}concinna\i0{}
(Mountain Steropus); \i{}Harpalus latus\i0{} (Red-headed Harpalus);
\i{}Nebria gyllenhali\i0{} (Gyllenhal's Helobia Beetle); \i{}Lebia
cyanocephala\i0{} (Black-knee Lamprias); \i{}Lebia scapularis\i0{}
(Yellow-shouldered Lebia); \i{}Miscodera arctica\i0{} (Readian Leiochiton);
\i{}Leistus fulvibarbis\i0{} (Orange-mouthed Leistus); \i{}Licinus
depressus\i0{} (Flattened Licinus); \i{}Masoreus wetterhalli\i0{} Sturm
(Portland Carabus); \i{}Nebria livida\i0{} (Yellow-margined Nebria Beetle);
\i{}Notiophilus rufipes\i0{} (Red-legged Notiophilus); \i{}Odacantha
melanura\i0{} (Green-and-orange Odacantha); \i{}Pterostichus aterrimus\i0{}
(Black Omaseus Beetle); \i{}Diachromus germanus\i0{} (Red and Blue
Ophonus); \i{}Patrobus septentrionis\i0{} (Winged Patrobus); \i{}Pelophila
borealis\i0{} (Irish Nebria); \i{}Poecilus lepidus\i0{} (= \i{}Pterostichus
lepidus\i0{}: Narrow Poecilus); \i{}Pogonus luridipennis\i0{} (Burrellian
Pogonus); \i{}Polistichus connexus\i0{} (Sea-shore Polystichus);
\i{}Demetrias monostigma\i0{} (Single-spotted Demetrias); \i{}Cymindis
vaporariorum\i0{} (Yorkshire Tarus)> 218<The fore tibia usually with an
anterior cleaning organ, or flattened and toothed for digging; the hind
trochanters projecting, longer than the diameter of the femur, and the
coxae fused to the underside of the thorax.> 219<carabida> 
 
# Cerambycidae/
1<including \i{}Lamiidae\i0{}, \i{}Parandridae\i0{}, \i{}Spondylidae\i0{}>
2<Longicorn, Long-horn Beetles> 3,2.5-30 4,1.7-7.97 5,1.03-7.3 6,1/2 7,1/2
9,4 11,1/4 14,1-2 15,2/3 17<sometimes brightly coloured, sometimes cryptic>
18,1/2 20,1/2 21,1/2 22,2 27,1/2 29,1-3 32,1/2 33<usually>,1 34,1/2 39,1
40,1 42,1<Lepturinae and some Spondlidinae>/3 43,1-3 44,1/2 45,1/2/3<some
Prioninae> 46,1 50,1/2/3 51,1/2 52,3-5<nearly always at least two-thirds of
the body length and often much longer; usually capable of being directed
backwards over, and parallel with, the body> 55,8-9/11-20 58,1/2 59,1
65,1/2 67,2 68<variously>,1/2 69,1-3 70,0.37-2.1 71,1<in Prioninae>/2
72<when present,>,1/2 75,1 77,2 79,1<commonly>/2/3<e.g., in some Lamiinae>
80<when applicable,>,1/2 81,1 82,1/2/3/4 83,1/2<some Cerambycinae> 85<when
present,>,1 86<when present,>,2/2-3 87,1/2 89,1 90,1/2 91,1/2/3 92,1/2/3
93,1/2/3 94,1/2 95,1<Prioninae only>/2/3 96,1 97,1/2 98,2/3 99,1 100,1/2
101<variously>,1/2 103,1/2 105,2 109,4 110,1 111,1 113,1 114,2/3<depending
on interpretation> 115,2/3 116,2 117,1 118,2 120,1/2 121,1<sometimes with
three or more setae>/2 123,1 124,2/3<the basal segment shorter than the
rest together> 127,0.57-5.55 128,1/2 129,1/2 130,1/2 131,1-3 133,2
138,1<usually>/2 140,3<often>/1<some Cerambycinae> 141<when more than
five,>,3 142,1/2<commonly> 145,1/2 149,2 150,1/2 151<if present,>,2 154,5
155,1 157,2 158,8 168,1-3 171,1 173,1/2/3<sometimes, in Lepturini only>
174,1 175,2 176,2 177,2/3 179,1/2<often> 180<when present,>,1-6
182,2<usually>/1<some Lepturinae> 183,1 184,1/2 185,2/3 186,2/3 187,1 188,2
189,1-2 190,0<some Cerambycinae and Lamiinae>/1/2/3<some
Spondylidinae>/4/5<Lepturinae only> 192,1 193,10 194,1/2<some Cerambycinae
and Lepturinae> 195,1<annular, annular-biforous or annular-multiforous>
196,3 199,2 200,4 202,1/2 206,1<in plant stems>/3/5<usually in cambium, sap
or heartwood of dead or sick trees, some in small branches, twigs or cones;
in cluding some pests of forest and orchard trees, and a few which damage
structural timbers> 207,3/6/7/8 208<The larvae whitish, cylindrical or
flattened, with a small transverse head and legs very small or absent;
distinguishable from those of \i{}Buprestidae\i0{} by the less flattened
thorax, and in having bilabiate or annular rather than cribriform
spiracles.> 209,3 210,2 211,6 212<about>,20000 214,65 215,37
216<\i{}Acanthocinus\i0{}, \i{}Asemum\i0{}, \i{}Mesosa\i0{},
\i{}Molorchus\i0{}, \i{}Strangalia\i0{}, \i{}Monochamus\i0{},
\i{}Obrium\i0{}, \i{}Phymatodes\i0{}, \i{}Prionus\i0{}, \i{}Rhagium\i0{},
\i{}Saperda\i0{}, etc.> 217<\i{}Acanthocinus aedilis\i0{}; \i{}Asemum
striatum\i0{} (Kinnordy Cerambyx); \i{}Mesosa nebulosa\i0{} (Clouded
Lamia); \i{}Strangalia quadrifasciata\i0{} (Horn-tipped Leptura);
\i{}Molorchus minor\i0{} (Maculated Molorchus); \i{}Molorchus
umbellatorum\i0{}; \i{}Monochamus sartor\i0{}; \i{}Obrium cantharinum\i0{}
(Reddish Obrium); \i{}Phymatodes alni\i0{}; \i{}Prionus coriarius\i0{};
\i{}Rhagium mordax\i0{}; \i{}Saperda scalaris\i0{}> 218<Small to large
beetles, usually elongate and pubescent, subcylindrical or flattened, all
the tibiae 2-spurred, hindwings without an anal lobe. The antennae of
adults often borne on raised tubercles.> 219<cerambyc> 
 
# Cerylonidae/
1<~\i{}Cerylidae\i0{}; = Cerylidae; including
\i{}Bothrideridae\i0{}-Anommatinae, \i{}Aculagnathidae\i0{},
\i{}Dolosidae\i0{}, \i{}Euxestidae\i0{}, \i{}Murmidiidae\i0{}. Excluding
\i{}Bothrideridae\i0{}-Teredinae.> 2<Minute Bark Beetles> 3,1.3-2.5
4,1.25-2.8 5,1.5-4 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,3 14,2 15,2 17<dark reddish- or
yellowish-brown> 20,1/2 21,2 22,1/2 32,1/2 34,1/2 35,2 39,1/2 40<where
recorded,>,1/- 42,1/2/3 44,1/2/3 45,1/2/3
46,1/2<\i{}Bothrideridae\i0{}-Anommatinae> 47,1/2 50,1<Murmidiinae,
Euxestinae>/4<Ceryloninae> 51,2 52,2 55,6-11 58,1 59,3 60,2
61,1/3<spherical, with two small basal segments and a large terminal one>
62,1 65,1 68<variously>,1/2<consistently absent in Murmidiinae> 69,1
70,0.35-1.1 71,1 72,1 75,2 77,2 79,1/2/3 80<when applicable,>,1 81<when
present,>,1 82,1/2 85,1 86,1-2/3 87,2 89,1 90,1/2 91,1/2/3/4 92,2/3 93,3
94,2 95,1/2<some Murmidiinae> 96,1 97,1/2 98,2/3 99,1 100,2 101,2
103<widely separated,>,2 105,2 109,4/7 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,1/2 115,1/2
116,3/5 117,2 118,2 120,1 123,1 124,1/2 127,0.9-1.92 131,1 135,1 137,5
139<punctate->,1 140,1/2/3 141<when more than five,>,1/2-4 142,2 145,1/2
148,1/2 149,1/2 150,1/2 151<when present,>,2 154,5 155,1 157,2 158,8
166,2&3&5 167<usually saprophagous,>,4/7/9 168,1 170,1<Murmidiinae>/2
171,1<mostly>/2 173,2<mostly>/3<Murmidiinae> 174,1<\i{}Cerylon\i0{}, some
Euxestinae>/2 175,1<many Ceryloninae>/2 176,2 177,3 179,1/2<mostly>
180<when present,>,1-2<some Euxestinae> 182,1
183,1<mostly>/3<\i{}Cerylon\i0{}> 184,1/2<Euxestinae>/3<Murmidiinae> 185,3
186,1/2 187,1 188,1<\i{}Cerylon\i0{}>/2<usually> 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10
194,2 195,1<mostly annular, sometimes annular biforous> 196,3/2<some
Euxestinae only> 199,2 200,4 202,2 205<probably>,2<in view of the small
hypognathous head> 206,2&3&5&14/13<e.g., \i{}Murmidius ovalis\i0{}, in
granaries and warehouses> 207,4&9/5 209,3 211,8 212<about>,450
213<about>,50<mostly tropical/subtropical> 214,6 215,3
216<\i{}Anommatus\i0{} (\i{}Bothrideridae\i0{}), \i{}Cerylon\i0{},
\i{}Murmidius\i0{}> 218<Tiny, smooth, shiny, hairless beetles, only lightly
punctured.> 219<ceryloni> 
 
# Chrysomelidae/
1<including \i{}Cassididae\i0{}, \i{}Crioceridae\i0{}, \i{}Hispidae\i0{},
\i{}Megalopodidae\i0{}, \i{}Orsodacnidae\i0{}, etc.> 2<Leaf-beetles;
including the Colorado Beetle and the Bloody-nosed Beetle> 3,1-18
4,0.93-4.65 5,1.25-10.85 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,1-4 14,2 15,1-3 17<often brightly
coloured, spotted or metallic> 18,1/2 20,1/2 21,1/2 22,1/2 23,1<in
Donaciinae>/2 27,1/2 29,1-3 32,1/2 33,2<but sometimes emarginate> 34,1/2
36,2 39,1<mostly>/2<some Hispinae> 40<when recordable, i.e. usually,>,1/-
42<variously>,1/2/3<commonly> 44,1/2/3 45<variously>,1/2/3<some Clytrini
and Alticini> 46,1 50,1<mostly, except in Chrysomelinae>/2/3
51,2<mostly>/1<some Chrysomelinae> 52,1-4 55,3/7-11<not capable of being
directed backwards over the body, unlike those of \i{}Cerambycidae\i0{}>
58,1/2 59,1/2/4 65,1/2 67,1/2 68,1 69,1-3 70,0.18-1.7 71,1/2 72<when
present,>,1/2 73,1<e.g., Cryptocephalini>/2 75,1<often>/2 76,2 77,2
79,1<e.g., Megalopodinae, \i{}Orsodacnidae\i0{}>/2 80<when
applicable,>,1/2<e.g., Megalopodinae, \i{}Orsodacnidae\i0{}>
81,1<usually>/2<rarely> 82<variously>,1/2/3/4 83,1 85,1<mostly>/2<in some
Galerucinae> 86,1/2-3/4<some Hispinae> 87,2 89,1 90,1/2 91,1/2/3/4
92,1<e.g., some Galerucini>/2/3 93,1/2/3 94,1/2 95,2/3 96,1 97,1/2
98,1<some Cryptocephalinae>/2/3 99,1 100,1 101<variously>,1/2
103,2<mostly>/1<\i{}Megalopodidae\i0{}> 105,2 109,4 110<usually>,1/2 111,1
113,1 114,2/3<depending on interpretation> 115,2/3 116,2 117,2<e.g., at
least some Hispinae>/1<mostly> 118,2 120,1/2/3 121,2 123,1 124,2/3<the
basal segment shorter than the rest together> 127,0.7-3.72 128,2
131,1/2-3<usually> 133,2 134,1 138<usually>,2 140,1/2/3 141<when more than
five,>,1/2-5 142,1/2<e.g., Megalopodinae, \i{}Orsodacnidae\i0{}> 145,1/2
149,1/2 150,1/2 151<when present,>,2 154,4-5 155,1/2 156<when present,>,2
157,1/2 158,10<mostly>/8<\i{}Orsodacnidae\i0{} only> 159<adult beetles
seemingly nearly always>,2<but those associated with helophytes are likely
to be found struggling in water, or floating>/1<? - Donaciinae not only
have aquatic larvae, but the adults have a hydrofuge plastron, cf. truly
aquatic \i{}Hydrophilidae\i0{}> 165,2 166,1 167,3<often on leaves, and
including pest species such as the Colorado Beetle> 168,1-3 169,3 171,1/2
172,1<commonly, including Donaciinae and many Chrysomelinae>/2
173,1<commonly>/2/3<some Cassidini, some \i{}Megalopodidae\i0{}> 174,1
175,1/2 176,2 177,1<some Galerucinae>/2/3 178,2 179,1/2<some Galerucinae,
Sagrinae> 180<when present,>,1<e.g., some Galerucinae,
Sagrinae>/5<Donaciinae, some Cryptocephalinae>/6 181,2 182,1/2
183,1/2-3<Cryptocephalinae>
184,1<Sagrinae>/2<Donaciinae>/2-3<Cryptocephalinae>/4
185,2<\i{}Sphaeroderma\i0{}>/3/4 186,1<Criocerinae>/2/3<some Galerucinae>
187,1 188,1<e.g., Donaciinae, Criocerinae, \i{}Sphaeroderma\i0{}>/2 189,1
190,4<Donaciinae>/5 192,1 193<in British representatives,>,10 194,1/2<some
Galerucinae> 195,1<usually, these annular, annular-biforous or
cribriform>/2<in Donaciinae> 196,1<in Donaciinae>/2<Cassidini>/3 197,2
199,2 200,4 201,2 202,2 204,2<mostly>/1<those of Donaciinae obtaining air
when submerged by piercing the tissues of the helophytic plants on which
they feed with their modified, spine-like 8th spiracles> 206<often found>,1
207,3<attacking fruits, foliage, tunnelling in stems, roots (root-worms),
mining leaves, etc.> 209,3 210,2 211,6 212<at least>,35000
213<about>,2500<!> 214,254 215,52 216<\i{}Calomicrus\i0{},
\i{}Cassida\i0{}, \i{}Cryptocephalus\i0{}, \i{}Donacia\i0{},
\i{}Entomoscelis\i0{}, \i{}Lema\i0{}, \i{}Labiostomis\i0{},
\i{}Lamprosoma\i0{}, \i{}Leptinotarsa\i0{}, \i{}Macroplea\i0{},
\i{}Mantura\i0{}, \i{}Orsodacne\i0{} (\i{}Orsodacnidae\i0{}),
\i{}Phyllobrotica\i0{}, \i{}Phyllotreta\i0{}, \i{}Prasocuris\i0{},
\i{}Psillioides\i0{}, \i{}Pyrrhalta\i0{}, \i{}Timarcha\i0{},
\i{}Zeugophora\i0{} (\i{}Megalopodidae\i0{}), etc.> 217<\i{}Phyllobrotica
quadrimaculata\i0{} (Orange-and-black Galeruca); \i{}Mantura
matthewsii\i0{} (Matthews's Haltica); \i{}Cassida salicorniae\i0{} Curtis,
= \i{}C. vittata\i0{}: Samphire Tortoise-beetle); \i{}Entomoscelis
adonidis\i0{} (Lincolnshire Chrysomela: not indigenous); \i{}Lema
cyanella\i0{} (Spencean Crioceris); \i{}Cryptocephalus bipunctatus\i0{}
(Yellow-tipped Cryptocephalus); \i{}Donacia claviceps\i0{}, \i{}Pyrrhalta
viburni\i0{} (Striped-legged Galeruca); \i{}Labiostomis tridentata\i0{};
\i{}Lamprosoma concolor\i0{} (Knotted-horned Byrrhus); \i{}Calomicrus
circumfuscus\i0{} (Striped Galeruca); \i{}Phyllotreta ochripes\i0{};
\i{}Prasocuris junci\i0{} (Blue Helodes); \i{}Psilliodes chalcomera\i0{}
(Thigh-spotted Altica); \i{}Macroplea appendiculata\i0{} (Cambridge
Macroplea); \i{}Leptinotarsa decemlineata\i0{} (Colorado Beetle);
\i{}Timarcha tenebricosa\i0{} (Bloody-nosed Beetle)> 218<Beetles
terrestrial, but ubiquitous, and species associated with plants of wet
places commonly found near or struggling in water; very variable in form,
usually robust, usually not pubescent; tibiae with fewer than two spurs on
one or more legs.; metaventrite (= metasternum) without a transverse
groove, by contrast with \i{}Buprestidae\i0{}; cervical sclerites absent.>
219<chrysome> 
 
# Cicindelidae/
1<~\i{}Carabidae\i0{}-Cicindelinae> 2<Tiger-beetles> 3,10-15<?> 4,1.7-4.25
5,2.1-3.6 6,1/2 7,1/2 14,1/2 20,1/2 21,1/2 22,2 27,1 29,1 32,1 34,2 35,1
39,1 40,1 42,1/2/3 43,3 44,1 45,2/3 46,1 50,1/2 51,1/2 52,3 55,11 59,1
65,1-2 66,2<inserted between eyes and mandibles, under a frontal ridge>
68,2 70,0.72-2.25 71,1/2 72<when present,>,1/2 77,1 79,1-3 80<when
applicable,>,2 81,1 82,1/2 85,1 86,2 87,1/2 89,1 90,2 91,3-4 92,2-3 93,3
94,2 95,2 96,1 97,1/2 98,2/3 99,1 100,1<mostly>/2<some Eumolpinae> 101,1
103,2 104,2 109,2 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2/1 118,2 120,1
123,1 124,3 127,1.2-3.1 131,1 139,2 140,3 142,2 145,1/2 149,2 150,2 154,6/7
155,2 156,3 157,1 158,5 165,1<active, fast flying and running ground
predators> 166<hunting in the open> 168,2 171,1 173,1 174,1 175,2 176,2
177,4 179,1 180,4/6 182,1 183,3 184,1 185,4 186,2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,6
192,2 193,10 194,1 195,1<these annular> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,2 205,1
206<living in vertical burrows in the ground and ambushing prey> 209,3
212<about>,2600 214,6 215,1 216<\i{}Cicindela\i0{}> 217<\i{}Cicindela
hybrida\i0{} (Tiger Beetle)> 219<cicindel> 
 
# Cisidae/
1<~\i{}Ciidae\i0{}, \i{}Cioidae\i0{}> 2<Tree-fungus beetles> 3,1.2-3
4,1.38-2.77 5,1.2-3 6,1 7,1 9,4 11,4 14,2 15,2 20,1/2 21,1/2 22,2 27,1 29,1
32,1 34,1/2 35,1 39,1 40,1 42,1 43,3 44,2 45,1 46,1 50,1/2 51,2 52,2
55,8-11 58,2 59,3 61,3<elongate, the segments obviously separated> 65,1/2
67,2 68,2 69,2 70,0.55-0.95 71,1 72,1 75,2 77,2 79,1/2
80,1<Ciinae>/2<Sphindociinae> 81,1 82,1/2 83,1/2 84<when present,>,1/2
85<when present and not interrupted,>,1/2 86<when present and not
interrupted,>,1-2 87,2 89,1 90,1/2 91,2/3 92,1/2-3 93,2 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,1
98,1/2 99,1 100,1 101,1 103,2 105,2 109,4/7 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,1/2<with
segments 1-3 short> 115,1/2<with segments 1-3 short> 116,3/5 117,2 118,2
120,1 121,1<this with no more than two setae>/2 123,1 124,1/2<with segments
1-3 short> 127,0.88-2.08 131,1 139,2<punctures randomly distributed, at
least over the forward part> 140,3 142,2 143,1 144,1 145,1/2 149,2 150,1
151,2 154,5 155,1/2 156<when present,>,2 157,2 158,9 166,3&5&7<commonly in
bracket fungi in trees> 167,9 168,1/2<generally very small in British
representatives> 171,2 173,2 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,2 179,1/2 180<when
present,>,1-5 182,1 183,1 184,2 185,3 186,1/2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1
193,10 194,2 195,1<these annular> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,1/2 205,2
206,3&5&7<cf. the adults> 207,9 209,3 210,2 211,21 213<about>,50<? - mostly
in warm regions> 214,22 215,4 216<\i{}Cis\i0{}, \i{}Octotemnus\i0{},
\i{}Rhopalodontus\i0{}, \i{}Sulcacis\i0{}> 217<\i{}Cis bidentatus\i0{}
(Double-horned Cis)> 218<Minute, cylindrical beetles, somewhat resembling
\i{}Curculionidae\i0{}-Scolitinae, but the three-segmented antennal club is
less compact.> 219<cisidae> 
 
# Clambidae/
1<including \i{}Calyptomeridae\i0{}> 2<Fringe-winged beetles> 3,0.8-1.8
4,1.1-1.55 5,0.85-3.6 6,1 7,1 9<broadly>,2 11,2-3 14,2 15,1 20,1/2 21,2
22,2 24,1<sometimes>/2 29,1 32,1/2 34,2 35,2 39,1 40,1 42,1 44,1/2<some
Clambinae> 45,3 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,2 55,8-10 59,3 61,2 65,1/2 68,1
70,0.3-0.5 71,1 72,1 77,2 79,1-2/3<some Clambinae> 80<when applicable,>,1
81,1 82,1 83,1<Calyptomerinae>/2<Clambinae> 85<when present,>,2 86<when
present,>,1 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,1 93,1/2 94,2
95,1<Clambinae>/2<Calyptomerinae>/3<Acalyptomerinae> 96,1 97,1
98,1/2<Acalyptomerinae> 99,1/2<some Calyptomerinae> 100,1
101,1<Calyptomerinae>/2<Acalyptomerinae> 102,1/2 103,1 105,1<transversely
excavated> 109,2 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,2 115,2<usually, cf. Imms (1957),
Britton 1970, Lawrence \i{}et al.\i0{} 1999> 116,3<sometimes trimerous in
non-British species> 117,2 118,2 120,1 123,1 124,2 127,0.85-1.2 131,1
138,1<sparsely setose> 140,1<some Acalytomerinae>/3 141<when more than
five,>,6 142,2 145,1 148,1/2 149,1/2 150,2 154,5-6 155,1 157,1/2 158,1
165,2<?> 166,2 168,1 171,1 173,1/2 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,3 179,1
180,1/3/5/6 182,1/2 183,1 184,2/3 185,2/3 186,2/3 187,1 188,1/2 189,1 190,5
192,1 193,10 194,2 195,1<these annular> 196,2 199,2 200,4 202,2 205,2<?>
206,2&4 207,9<eating moulds and spores> 209,3 210,3 211,14 212<about>,50
213,5 214,9 215,2 216<\i{}Calyptomerus\i0{}, \i{}Clambus\i0{}> 218<Very
small, oval beetles, commonly conglobulating when alarmed. Unwin gives
tarsi as 5,5,5, seemingly in error: the other sources give 4,4,4, with
Lawrence \i{}et al\i0{}. also allowing 3,3,3> 219<clambida> 
 
# Cleridae/
1<including \i{}Corynetidae\i0{}, \i{}Korynetidae\i0{},
\i{}Thanerocleridae\i0{}> 2<Insect-eaters> 3,6-16 4,1.2-4.87 5,1.42-5.32
6,1/2 7,1/2 9,3-4 14<somewhat>,1/2 15,3 17<often brightly coloured and
patterned> 18,1/2 20,2 21,1/2 22,2 29,1 32,1/2 34,1/2 39,1<nearly
always>/2<\i{}Cylidrus\i0{}> 40,1<mostly>/2<\i{}Cylidrus\i0{}> 42,3 43,1-3
44,1/2<some Korynetinae> 45,2/3 46,1 50,1/2/3 51,1/2 52,2-4 55,9-11 58,2
59,2/3<the club weakly defined> 61,3-6 65,1/2 67<usually>,2<?>/- 68,1 69,3
70,0.5-1.52 71,1/2 72<when present,>,1/2 75,1 77,2 79,1 80,1/2 81,1
82,2/3/4 83,1 85<variously>,1/2 86,1-2 87,2 89,1 90,1/2 91,1/2/3/4 92,1/2/3
93,2/3 94,1<some Tillinae>/2<mostly> 95,1<mostly>/3<some Tillinae> 96,1
97,1 98,1<some Korynetinae>/2/3 99,1<mostly>/2<\i{}Cylidrus\i0{}> 100,1/2
101,1<mostly>/2<some Hydnocerinae> 103,1<mostly>/2<some Thaneroclerinae>
105,2 109,2/4 110,1 111,2/3 113,1/2 114,2/3 115,2<the penultimate one>/3
116,1/2/3 117,2 118,2 120,1/2/3 121,1<this usually bisetose>/2 123,1/2
124,2/3 127,0.89-3.65 131,1-3 133,2<distally rounded> 138,1 140,1/3
141<when more than five,>,3/4 142,2 145,1/2 149,1/2 150,2 154,5-6 155,1
157,2 158,8 165,1<on insects> 166,1&11/3/5 168,2-3 171,1 173,1/2 174,1
175,2 176,2 177,3 179,1/2 180<when present,>,1-5 182,1 183,1 184,1 185,3
186,1/2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,2 195,1<annular or annular
biforous> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,1/2 205,1 206,3&4&5/9/7/8/13<seemingly
mainly feeding on insects (including other beetle larvae) in diverse
habitats> 208<The larvae elongate, often unusually coloured, prognathous,
antennae 3 segmented, the pronotum sclerotized, the 10-segmented abdomen
with the last reduced or forming a foot.> 209,3 210,2 211,7 212<about>,3500
214,14 215,9 216<\i{}Korynetes\i0{}, \i{}Necrobia\i0{}, \i{}Opilo\i0{},
\i{}Paratillus\i0{}, \i{}Tarsostenus\i0{}, \i{}Thanasimus\i0{},
\i{}Thaneroclerus\i0{}, \i{}Tillus\i0{}, \i{}Trichodes\i0{}>
217<\i{}Necrobia violacea\i0{} (Blue Corynetes); \i{}Necrobia
ruficollis\i0{} (Red-necked Necrobia); \i{}Tarsostenus univittatus\i0{}
(Shillingford's Opilus); \i{}Thanasimus formicarius\i0{} (Ant-like Clerus);
\i{}Tillus unifasciatus\i0{} (Tillinae: Tricoloured Tillus); \i{}Trichodes
alvearius\i0{} (Bee-hive Beetle: extinct?> 218<The adult body clothed with
erect bristles.> 219<cleridae> 
 
# Coccinellidae/
1<including \i{}Epilachnidae\i0{}> 2<Lady-birds, etc.> 3,1.2-9 4,1-2.15
5,2.2-5.5 6,1/2 7,1/2 9<broadly>,2/1/3 11,3 14,2 15,3 17<yellow, red,
orange, black, often bicoloured or spotted> 18,1/2 20,1/2 21,1/2 22,2 27,2
29,1 32,2 34,1/2 39,1 40,1 42,2/3 43,1-3 44,1/2/3 45,1/2/3 46,1 50,1/2/3
51,2 52,1-2 55,(7-)11 58,2 59,3 61,3 65,1/2 67,2 68,1/2 69,1 70,0.3-0.85
71,1 72,1 75,1/2 77,2 79,1/2 80,1 81,1 82,1 86,2-3 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1/2
92,2/3 93,1/2 94,1/2 95,2 96,1 97,1-2 98,3 99,1 100,1 101,2 103,2 105,2
109<ostensibly>,7<actually 4 4 4 with a minute third segment> 110,1 111,1
113,1 114,2 115,2 116,4 117,2/1 118,2 120,2<appendiculate> 121,2 123,1
124,2 127,0.85-1.5 131,1 135,1 138,2<usually>/1<rarely> 140,3 142,2 145,1/2
149,1/2 150,2 154,5-6 155,1/2 156<when present,>,2 157,2 158,8
165,1<mostly, feeding on aphids and other small
invertebrates>/2<Epilachnidae feeding on foliage of \i{}Cucurbitaceae\i0{}
and \i{}Solanaceae\i0{}> 166,1 167<when not predacious,>,3<including some
pests>/9 168,1/2 169,1 171,1/2 173,1/2 174,1/2 175,1/2 176,1/2 177,1-3
179,1 180,3 182,1/2 183,1 184,1/2/4 185,2/3 186,1 187,1 188,1/2 189,1 190,5
192,1 193,10 194,1/2 195,1<these annular> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,2
205,1/2<epilachnid larve feeding on foliage of \i{}Cucurbitaceae\i0{} and
\i{}Solanaceae\i0{},cf. the adults> 206,1 208<The larvae active,
campodeiform with well developed legs, the body tuberculate or spinose,
commonly grey and spotted with paler colours. Pupae usually conspicuously
coloured, with no cocoon.> 209,3 211,8 212<over>,5000 214,42 215,27
216<\i{}Adalia\i0{}, \i{}Adonia\i0{}, \i{}Anatis\i0{},
\i{}Anisosticta\i0{}, \i{}Aphidecta\i0{}, \i{}Calvia\i0{},
\i{}Chilocorus\i0{}, \i{}Clitostethus\i0{}, \i{}Coccidula\i0{},
\i{}Coccinella\i0{}, \i{}Exochomus\i0{}, \i{}Halyzia\i0{},
\i{}Harmonia\i0{}, \i{}Hippodamia\i0{}, \i{}Hyperaspis\i0{},
\i{}Myrrha\i0{}, \i{}Neomysia\i0{}, \i{}Nephus\i0{}, \i{}Platynaspis\i0{},
\i{}Propylea\i0{}, \i{}Rhyzobius\i0{}, \i{}Scymnus\i0{},
\i{}Stethorus\i0{}, \i{}Subcoccinella\i0{}, \i{}Thea\i0{},
\i{}Tytthaspis\i0{}, \i{}Vibidia\i0{}> 217<\i{}Coccidula scutellata\i0{};
\i{}Anatis ocellata\i0{} (Ocellated Lady-bird)> 218<Broadly ovate and very
convex beetles.> 219<coccinel> 
 
# Colydiidae/
1<~\i{}Zopheridae\i0{}-Colydiinae; currently including
\i{}Bothrideridae\i0{}-Teredinae> 2<Cylindrical Bark Beetles> 3,1.3-6
4,1.5-4.5 5,1.5-3.5 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,3-4 11,1/3-4 14,2 15,3 17<unpatterned,
yellow, brown, or black> 20,1/2 21,1/2 22,1/2 32,1/2 34,1/2 39,1 40,1 42,1
43,1 44,1/2 45,1/2 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,1-2 55,(10-)11 58,2 59,3 61,2/3<oval
or spherical> 65,2 66,2<being under the frontal margin> 68,2 69,3
70,0.4-1.75 71,1/2 72<when present,>,1 75,1/2 76,1<at least sometimes>/2<?>
77,2 79,1-3 80<when applicable,>,1/2 81,1 82,2/3 85,1 86,2 87,2 89,1 90,1/2
91<variously>,1/2/3/4 92,3 93,3 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,1/2 98,2/3 99,1 100,2
101,1/2 103,2 105,2 109,4/7/8<rarely> 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,1/2 115,1/2
116,3/5 117,2 118,2 120,1 123,1 124,1/2 127,1-3.2 131,1 135,2 137,1/2/4
140,1/2 141,3/4 142,1/2 145,1/2 149,1/2 150,1/2 151<when present,>,2 154,5
155,1/2/3 156<when present,>,3-5 157,2 158,9 165,1<and some ectoparasitic
on larvae or pupae of other beetles>/2<mostly> 166,2&3&5&7 167<mostly>,9
168,1/2 171,1 173,2 174,1/2<Teredinae> 175,1/2 176,2 177,3
179,1/2<Anommatinae, \i{}Pycnomerus\i0{}> 180<when
present,>,5<Colydiinae>/6<Teredinae> 182,1/2 183,1 184,2 185,3 186,2 187,1
188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,2 195,1<these annular-biforous> 196,3
199,2 200,4 202,1/2 205,1/2<mostly> 206,2&3&5&7 207<mostly>,4&9 208<The
larvae subcylindrical, with a 9-segmented abdomen.> 209,3 210,2 211,21
213<about>,120<?> 214,17 215,13 216<\i{}Bitoma\i0{}, \i{}Cicones\i0{},
\i{}Ortrhocerus\i0{}, etc.; also \i{}Oxylaemus\i0{} and \i{}Teredus\i0{},
which are referred to \i{}Bothrideridae\i0{} in recent treatments>
217<\i{}Bitoma crenata\i0{} (Saddle-back Bitoma); \i{}Cicones
variegatus\i0{} (Hornbeam Cicones); \i{}Ortrhocerus clavicornis\i0{}
(Hairy-horned Beetle)> 218<Dull, cylindrical or flattened beetles, usually
dark brown or black, densely punctured or coarsely sculptured and covered
with tiny flattened hairs.> 219<colydiid> 
 
# Corylophidae/
1<= \i{}Orthoperidae\i0{}> 2<Minute Hooded Beetles> 3,0.5-1 4,1.25-2.4
5,1.45-4.16 6,1 7,1/2 8,1/3 9<broadly>,2 11,2 14,2 15,1 16,3 17<brown,
yellow, reddish yellow or pitchy> 20,1/2 21,2 22,2 27,2 28<very small,>,1
29,1-2 32,1/2 34,2 39,1 40,1 42<variously>,1/3<according to group> 43,1/3
44<variously>,1/2/3 45,1/3 46,2 50,1<mostly>/2<some Corylophini> 51,2
52,1-2 55,9-11 56,2 57,2 58,1<triangular> 59,3 61<loosely>,3 65,1/2 67,2
68,1/2 69,1 70,0.3-0.8 71,1 72,1 75,2 76,2 77,2
79,1<usually>/2<Orthoperinae> 80,2 81,1 82,2 85,1 86,2 87,2 89,1 90,2
91,3-4 92,2/2-3 93,1/2/3 94,2 95,3 96,1 97,1/2 98,3 99,1
100,1<Orthoperinae>/2<usually> 101,2 103<widely separated, and>,2 105,2
109,4 110,2<but the third segment lobed beneath> 111,1/3 113,1 114,2 115,2
116,3/4 117,1 118,2 120,1/2 121,1<this with no more than two setae>/2 123,1
124,2 127,0.8-1.77 131,1-2 135,1/2 138,1<hairy> 139,2 140,3 142,2 143,1
144,2 145,1/2 148,1/2 149,2 150,1/2 151<when present,>,2 154,5-6 155,1
157,2 158,8 166,2&3&5<commonly in rotting vegetable material> 167,4&9<on
spores and mycelium> 168,1 171,2 173,2<mostly>/3<Peltinodinae, Rypobiinae>
174,2 175,1/2 176,2 177,2/3 179,1 180,2 182,1 183,1 184,1/2/3 185,2/3
186,1/2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,2 195,1<annular> 196,3
199,2 200,4 202,2 206,2&3&5 207<probably mainly>,9<on fungal spores and
mycelium> 209,3 211,8 212<about>,290 213,27 214,10 215,4
216<\i{}Corylophus\i0{}, \i{}Orthoperus\i0{}, \i{}Rypobius\i0{},
\i{}Sericoderus\i0{}> 217<\i{}Corylophus cassidioides\i0{}> 218<Minute
beetles, shiny, broadly ovate and only slightly convex, shiny.>
219<coryloph> 
 
# Cryptophagidae/
1<including \i{}Catapochrotidae\i0{}> 2<Fungus-feeders, Silken Fungus
Beetles> 3,1.3-11 4,1.48-2.95 5,1.48-3.6 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,3-4 14,2 15,2 20,1/2
21,2 22,2 27,1 29,1 32,1/2 34,1/2 39,1 40,1 42,1 44,1<some
Caenoscelini>/2/3 45<variously>,1/2/3 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,2-3 55,(10-)11
58,1/2<?> 59,3 61,3<loosely> 65,1/2 67,2 68,1<Cryptophaginae>/2 69,1
70,0.4-1.5 71,1/2<some Atomariini> 72<when present,>,1/2 75,2 76,1/2 77,2
78,2 79,1<usually>/2<some Atomariinae> 80,1 81,1 82,1<some Atomariinae>/2/3
85,1 86,2-3/4<in some Caenoscelini> 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1/2 92,3 93,1/2/3
94,1/2 95,1<mostly>/2<some Cryptophaginae> 96,1 97,1/2 98,3 99,1 100,2
101<variously>,1/2 103,2 105,2 109,2/3/4 110,1 111,1/3 113,1 114,2/3
115,2/3 116,1/2/3 117,2/1 118<paired,>,2 120,1 123,1/2 124,2<sometimes, in
males>/3 127,1-2.1 131,1 140,3 142,2 143,1 144,2<limited to the basal half>
145,1/2 149<variously>,1/2 150,2 154,5 155,1 157,2 158,8 166,2&3&4&7&10
167,4&9<generally feeding on fungal material, whatever the habitat;
commonly in houses, on moulds associated with damp plaster> 168,1/2 171,1
173,1/2 174,1 175,1/2<\i{}Cryptogasterus\i0{} only> 176,2 177,3 179,1/2
180<when present,>,1-2/5 182,1 183,1/2 184,2 185,3
186,2<mostly>/3<\i{}Cryptogasterus\i0{}> 187,1 188,1/2 189,1 190,5 192,1
193,10 194,1/2 195,1<these annular or annular-biforous> 196,3 199,2 200,4
202,1<mostly>/2<some Atomariinae> 206,2/3/4/5/7/10/11<some
\i{}Telmatophilus\i0{} species being found in flowers of aquatic monocots>
207<mostly>,9<feeding on fungal material, whatever the habitat; commonly in
houses, on moulds associated with damp plaster> 208<The larvae
subcylindrical, whitish, with ocelli and 3-segmented antennae, the abdomen
10 segmented with the tenth constituting a proleg.> 209,3 211,8
212<about>,800 214,110 215,10 216<\i{}Antherophagus\i0{},
\i{}Atomaria\i0{}, \i{}Coenoscelis\i0{}, \i{}Cryptophagus\i0{},
\i{}Ephistemus\i0{}, \i{}Henoticus\i0{}, \i{}Micrambe\i0{},
\i{}Ootypus\i0{}, \i{}Paramecosoma\i0{}, \i{}Telmatophilus\i0{}>
217<\i{}Antherophagus pallens\i0{} (Punctured Antherophagus);
\i{}Cryptophagus populi\i0{} (Dark Cryptophagus Fungus-feeder);
\i{}Paramecosoma melanocephalum\i0{}> 218<Beetles very small, pubescent.>
219<cryptoph> 
 
# Cucujidae/
1<including \i{}Laemophloeidae\i0{}> 2<Flat Bark Beetles> 3,1.3-11 4,2.45-3
5,2.9-4.75 6,2 7,1/2 9,4 11,1 14,2 15,3 20,1 21,2 22,2 27,1 29,1 32,1/2
34,2 39,1 40,1 42,1<e.g., \i{}Pediacus\i0{}>/2<e.g., \i{}Cucujus\i0{}>
43,1-3 44,2/3<some Laemophloeidae> 45,1/2/3<some Laemophloeidae> 46,1 50,1
51,2 52,2 55,11 58,2 59,1<or sub-moniliform>/3 65,1/2
68,1<mostly>/2<Laemophloidae> 69,1 70,0.46-0.85 71,1 72,1 75,2 77,2 79,1
80,1<Laemophloeidae>/2 81,1 82,2 85,1 86,2 87,2 89,1 90,1/2<some
Laemophloeidae> 91,1/2-3<Laemophloeidae> 92,2/3 93,2 94,1/2<Laemophloeidae>
95,1 96,1 97,1<some Laemophloeidae>/2 98,3 99,1 100,1 101,1<mostly>/2<some
Laemophloeidae> 103,2 105,2 109,2/3/4 110,2 111,2/3 113,1 114,2/3 115,3
116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1 123,1/2 124,2/3 127,1.95-2.4 131,1 138,2
140,2<Laemophloeidae>/3 141<when more than five,>,1/2 142,2 143,1 144,1
145,1 149,1<\i{}Pediacus\i0{}>/2<mostly> 150,2 154,5 155,1 157,2 158,8
165<variously>,1<or facultatively so>/2 166,5<commonly>/13 167<some>,4/9
168,1/2 171,1 173,3/1-2<Laemophloeidae only> 174,1 175,1/2 176,1/2 177,3
179,1/2<some \i{}Pediacus\i0{} spp.> 180<when present,>,1-6 182,1 183,1
184,2/3 185,3 186,2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1
193,9<\i{}Laemophloeidae\i0{}>/10 194,2 195,1<these annular or
annular-biforous> 196,2<\i{}Pediacus\i0{}, \i{}Platisus\i0{}, and some
\i{}Cucujus\i0{} spp.>/3<\i{}Laemophloeidae\i0{} and some \i{}Cucujus\i0{}
spp.> 199,2 200,4 202,1<\i{}Laemophloeidae\i0{} and some \i{}Cucujus\i0{}
spp.>/2 205,1<mostly, seemingly>/2 206,3/4/5/13<some Laemophloeidae>
207<some>,5/9 208<The larvae diverse in form.> 209,3 211,8 212<at
least>,50<?> 214,14 215,7 216<\i{}Cryptolestes\i0{}
(\i{}Laemophloeidae\i0{}), \i{}Dendrophagus\i0{} (or \i{}Silvanidae\i0{}?),
\i{}Laemophloeus\i0{}, \i{}Leptophloeus\i0{}, \i{}Notolaemus\i0{}
(\i{}Laemophloeidae\i0{}), \i{}Pediacus\i0{}, \i{}Uleiota\i0{} (or
\i{}Silvanidae\i0{}?> 217<\i{}Cryptolestes spartii\i0{} (Broom Cucujus)>
219<cucujida> 
 
# Curculionidae/
1<including \i{}Calendridae\i0{}, \i{}Chapuisidae\i0{},
\i{}Cossonidae\i0{}, \i{}Dryophthoridae\i0{}, \i{}Erirhinidae\i0{},
\i{}Ipidae\i0{}, \i{}Orsodacnidae\i0{}, \i{}Raymondionymidae\i0{},
\i{}Rhynchophoridae\i0{}, etc.; excluding \i{}Platypodidae\i0{},
\i{}Scolytidae\i0{}> 2<Weevils and Ambrosia Beetles, True Weevils, Snout
Beetles> 3,1.5-14 4,1.2-5.7 5,0.9-4.6 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,2-4 14,2 15,3 20,1/2
21,1/2 22,1/2 26,1<see illustration of \i{}Pissodes\i0{}, exemplifying
morphological details> 29,1-3 32,1/2 34,2 39,2 40<texture not recordable?>
42,3 43,3 44,1/2/3<some Dryophthorinae> 45<variously>,1/2/3 46,2 48,2 50,1
51,2 52,2-3 54<usually>,1<inserted on the rostrum in front of the eyes, the
rostrum often chanelled for reception of the scape> 55,(1-)11(-12) 57,1
58,2 59,3 61,3/4 65,1/2 67<when recorded,>,2/- 68,2 70,0.42-5.7 71,2
77,1<usually>/2<?> 79,1-3 80<when applicable,>,1/2 81,1 82,1/2/3 83,1
84,1/2 85<when not interrupted,>,1 86,1<mostly>/2<\i{}Ferreria\i0{}> 87,2
89,1 90,2 91,3<Scolytinae>/4 92,1/2/3 93,3 94,2 95,3 96,1 97,1/2 98,2/3
99,1 100,2 101<variously>,1/2 103,1/2 105,2 109,4 110,1<usually>/2<rarely>
111,1<usually>/3<rarely, then the third segment is not not bilobed and the
claw segment is missing> 113,1 114,2<usually>/3 115,2<rarely>/3<usually>
116,2<nearly always>/3<rarely, when the third segment lacks the lobes, and
the claw segment is missing> 117,2/1 118,2 120,1/2/3 121,1<this with no
more than two setae>/2 123,1 124,2/3 127,0.7-4.2 131,1-2 134,1<strongly
sclerotized, often clothed with scales> 140,1/2/3 141<when more than
five,>,1/2-4 142,2 145,1/2 148,1/2 149,1/2<commonly> 150,2 154,5 155,1/2
156<when present,>,2-3<usually the first two> 157,2 158,11
159,2<terrestrial, but many associated with plants of wet habitats may be
found struggling in water, or floating> 166,1/2/3/4/7/8/13
167<variously>,3<commonly,including numerous pest species>/4/5/7/9/10
168,1/2 169,4 171,1/2 172,1/2 173,1-3 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,1 179,1/2
180<when present,>,1/2 181,2 182,1/2 183,1 184,1/2/3 185,1/2 186,1/2/3
187,1 188,1/2 189,2 190,0 192,- 193,10 194,1 195,1<these annular,
annular-uniforous or annular-biforous> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,2 205,2
206,1/4/13<including cotton boll, granary rice, grain and rose weevils,
etc.> 207,3/5<on diverse plant tissues, including stems, wood, galls,
leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds - primarily feeding internally, but a few
externally on leaves> 208<The larvae C-shaped, without legs, with small
1-segmented antennae.> 209,3 211,9 212<about>,40000 213<about>,400 214,416
215<about>,105 216<\i{}Acalles\i0{}, \i{}Anthonomus\i0{},
\i{}Diaperis\i0{}, \i{}Dryophthorus\i0{} (\i{}Dryophthoridae\i0{}),
\i{}Ferreria\i0{} (\i{}Raymondionymidae\i0{}), \i{}Hypera\i0{},
\i{}Lasiorhynchites\i0{}, \i{}Lixus\i0{}, \i{}Magdalis\i0{},
\i{}Mesites\i0{}, \i{}Mononychus\i0{}, \i{}Notaris\i0{}
(\i{}Erirhinidae\i0{}), \i{}Phytobius\i0{}, \i{}Polydrusus\i0{},
\i{}Sitophilus\i0{} (\i{}Dryophthoridae\i0{}), \i{}Zacladus\i0{}, etc.>
217<\i{}Acalles roboris\i0{} (Oak Achalles Weevil); \i{}Anthonomus
pomorum\i0{} (Pear-and-apple Weevil); \i{}Mesites tardii\i0{} (Irish
Cossonus Weevil); \i{}Diaperis boleti\i0{} (Orange-spotted Diaperis);
\i{}Lasiorhynchites ophthalmicus\i0{}; \i{}Lixus angustatus\i0{} (Narrowed
Lixus Weevil, illustrated by Curtis, but probably adventive); \i{}Magdalis
carbonaria\i0{} (Long-nosed Magdalis Weevil); \i{}Mononychus
punctumalbum\i0{} (Single-clawed Weevil); \i{}Notaris aethiops\i0{};
\i{}Phytobius comari\i0{} (Marsh Cinqfoil Weevil); \i{}Hypera dauci\i0{}
(Pretty Hypera); \i{}Polydrusus sericeus\i0{} (Kimpton Weevil);
\i{}Zacladus geranii\i0{}> 218<Reputed to be largest family in the animal
Kingdom. Beetles variable in shape, usually more or less waisted and often
clothed with scales; antennae of characteristic form.> 219<curculio> 
 
# Dascillidae/
1<= \i{}Atopidae\i0{}; including \i{}Karumiidae\i0{}> 2<Soft-bodied Plant
Beetles> 3,9-11 4,1.85-4.21 5,2-7.98 6,1-2 7,1-2 8,3 9,4 11,1-2 14,2 15,2
17<dull beetles, brownish black, with light brown pubescence, or orange
brown, completely covered with dense, flattened light yellow hairs> 20,1/2
21,2 22,1/2 27<somewhat>,1-2 29,1 32,1 34,2 35,1 36,2 39,1 40,1 42,3 43,3
44,1 45,2 46,1 48,1 50,1 51,2 52,4 55,11 59,1 65,1-2 67,2 68,1 69,1<widest
posteriorly> 70,0.52-0.75 71,1 72,1 75,1-2 76,2 77,2 79,1 80,1 81,1 82,2
83,1 85,1 86,2 87,1 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,2 93,1 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,1 98,2 99,1
100,1 101,1 103,1 105,1<transversely excavated> 109,2 110,1<segments 2 to
4> 111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1 121,2 123,1 124,3
127,1.21-3.74 128,2 131,1<usually>/3 135,2 138,1 140,1/3 141<when more than
five,>,6 142,2 145,1 149,2 150,2 154,5-6 155,1/2 156<when present,>,2 157,1
158,1 165<probably>,2<?> 166,1&11 168,2 171,1 173,1-2 174,1 175,2 176,2
177,2/3 179,2 182,1 183,2 184,2 185,3 186,2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1
193,10 194,1 195,1<these cribriform> 196,3 199,2 200,4 201,2 202,1/2
206<commonly found>,12&14 207,3&4<especially on plant roots and organic
matter in soil> 208<The larvae C-shaped like those of scarabs, with rather
long 3-segmented antennae and a reduced abdominal segment 10 lying under
the large segment 9.> 209,3 210,3 211,10 212<about>,80 213,15 214,1 215,1
216<\i{}Dascillus\i0{}> 217<\i{}Dascillus cervinus\i0{}> 218<Adults more
elongate than \i{}Scirtidae\i0{}, the thorax with obvious side-margins.>
219<dascilli> 
 
# Dermestidae/
1<including \i{}Thorictidae\i0{}, \i{}Thylodriidae\i0{},
\i{}Thylodriadidae\i0{}> 2<Museum, Carpet, Skin, Hide, Larder, Leather
(etc.) Beetles> 3,1.5-8 4,1.42-3 5,1.72-5.33 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,2-4<generally
robust> 13,1/2<?> 14,2 15,1-2 20,1/2 21,1/2 22,1/2 29,1-3 32,1/2 34,1/2
36,1/2 37<when present,>,1<median> 39,1 40,1 42,2<Thylodiinae>/3<mostly>
44,1/2 45,1<often>/2 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,1-2 55,9/11 58,2 59,3 61,3-5 63,1/2
65,1 68,1 69,1 70,0.37-1 71,1<except in anelytrous females of Thylodriinae>
72,1/2 75,2 77,2 78,2 79,1-2/3<Thorictinae> 80<when
applicable,>,1<usually>/2<rarely> 81<where known,>,1 82,1<usually>/3 83,1/2
85<when present, variously>,1/2 86<when present, variously>,1-3 87,2
89,1/2<only in \i{}Thylodrias\i0{}> 90<usually>,1 91,1 92<varously>,1/2/3
93,1/2/3<Thorictinae> 94,1/2 95,1/2/3 96,1<mostly>/2<both males and females
of Thylodriinae> 97<when countersunk,>,1/2 98,2/3 99,1 100<when present,>,1
101,1/2 103,2<mostly>/1<some Trinodinae> 109,2/3 110,2 111,1<hind tarsi,
sometimes>/2/3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1 123,1 124,3
126,1<except in the larviform females of \i{}Thylodrias contractus\i0{},
which may be encountered as an introduction> 127,1-2.35 131,1/3 133,2
138,1<often covered with fine hair or scales>/2 140,3 142,2 145,1/2<in
females and some males of Thylodriinae> 149<variously>,1/2 150,2 154,5
155,1/2 156<when present,>,2 157,1 158,7 165,2
166<variously>,1/2/3/4/10/11/13 167,2/4/5/7 168,1/2 171,1/2 173,2
174,1<Orphilinae>/2 175,1/2<Thorictinae only> 176,2 177,3 179,1/2<commonly>
180<when present,>,3-6 182,1/2 183,1 184,1/2/3 185,3/4 186,2 187,1 188,2
189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,1/2/3 195,1<these annular> 196,3 200,4 202,1/2
205,2 206,4&9&10/13 207,2/5<on material of high protein content, mostly of
animal origin - carcasses, insect remains, skins, bacon, etc., but some
\i{}Trogoderma\i0{} species feed on dry plant materials> 208<The
scarabaeiform larvae subcylindrical, elongate- to short-oval and clothed
with long setae, six well developed legs, antennae 3-segmented, 3 to 6
lateral ocelli.> 209,3 211,11 212,500-700 214,30 215,9
216<\i{}Anthrenocerus\i0{}, \i{}Anthrenus\i0{}, \i{}Attagenus\i0{},
\i{}Ctesias\i0{}, \i{}Dermestes\i0{}, \i{}Globicornis\i0{},
\i{}Thylodrias\i0{}, \i{}Trinodes\i0{}, \i{}Trogoderma\i0{}>
217<\i{}Ctesias serra\i0{} (Toothed-horn Megatoma); \i{}Dermestes
lardarius\i0{}> 218<Males and females of \i{}Thylodrias contractus\i0{} -
an occasional introduction - lack procoxal cavities, so that the procoxae
are attached externally.> 219<dermesti> 
 
# Derodontidae/
3,1.8-2.3 4,1.83-2.24 5,3.05-3.7 6,2 7,2 8,2 9,2-3 11,1-2 14,2 15,3 16,3
20,2 21,2 22,2 29,1 32,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,2 38,2 39,1 40,1 42,2 43,2 44,2
45,1 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,2<about 0.25 of the beetles length> 55,11 59,3 61,3
63,2 65,1 68,1 69<much>,1 70,0.61-0.81 71,1 72,1 77,1 79,1 80,1 81,1 82,2
83,1 85,1 86,1-2 89,1 90,1 91,2 92,2 93,1 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,1 98,1/2
99,1<circular to slightly transverse> 100,1 101,1 102,2 103,1 109,4 110,1
111,1 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,2 117,1 118,2 123,1 124,3 127,1.4-1.76 131,1
132,2 133,2 139,1<with 10 rows of punctures> 140,1 141,4 142,1 143,1-2<?>
144<if present,>,2 149,1 150,2 154,5 155,2<4 articulated with or connate
with 3 and 5> 157,1 158,1 165<the British representative>,1<on woolly
aphids> 166,1<on conifers> 168,1-2 171,1 173,2 174,1 175,1/2 176,2 177,3
179,1 180,6 182,1-2 183,1 184,2 185,3 186,2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1
193,10 194,1 195,1 196,2 199,2 200,4 202,2 205,1<on woolly aphids of
conifers> 206,1 209,3 210,1 211,1 214,1<\i{}L. erichsonii\i0{}> 215,1
216<\i{}Laricobius\i0{}> 219<derodont> 
 
# Drilidae/
2<False Firefly Beetles> 3,5-7 4,2.05-4.85 5,4.25-4.95 6,1 7,1 8<(of
males)>,3/- 9,4 14,2 15,3 17<with male elytra orange-brown, covered in pale
hairs> 20,2 21,2 22,2 28,2 29,1-3 32,1/2 34,2 35,1 39,1 40,1<in males>/2<in
females> 42,3 43,3 44,1 45,2 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,1<females>/3<males>
55,(10-)11 59,1<moniliform, females>/5<males> 65,1 67,2 68,1 70,0.47-0.68
71,1<in males>/2<in the anelytrous females> 72<in the males,>,1 77,2
79,1<in the males,>/2<in females> 80<in males,>,2 81,1 82,1 83,1/2<in the
anelytrous females> 85<when present,>,1/2 86<in males>,1 87,2 89,1/2<in the
anelytrous females> 90<in the males,>,1 91,1 92<when present,>,1/2 93,1
94,2 95,1 96,1/2<in the females> 97<in males,>,1 98<in males,>,1/2 99,1
100,1 101,1<males>/2<females> 103,1<males>/2<females> 109,2 110,1 111,3
113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2<anelytrous females>/1<males> 118,2<but with
setae near their bases> 120,1 121,2 123,1 124,3 126,1<males>/2<in the
larviform females> 127,1.7-2.16 130<(of males)>,1 131,1 133<somewhat>,1-2
138,1 140<when present,>,3 142,2 145,1<males>/2<females> 149,2 150,2
154,6-7<males>/9<females> 155,1 157,1 158,1/- 165,1<on gastropods> 168,2
171,1 173,2 174,1 175,1/2 176,1/2 177,3 179,1 180,1 182,1 183,3 184,1 185,4
186,1 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,2 195,1<biforous or
bilabiate> 196,2 199,2 200,4 202,1 205,1<on slugs and snails> 209,3 210,3
211,4 212<about>,80 213,4 214,1 215,1 216<\i{}Drilus\i0{}> 217<\i{}Drilus
flavescens\i0{}> 218<The eyes are quite small, and circular, unlike those
of \i{}Buprestidae\i0{}. The adult female is more or less larviform, with
adult legs and antennae but lacking elytra and wings.> 219<drilidae> 
 
#+ Drilidae (males)/
8<(of males)>,3/- 40,1 52,3<males> 59,5<males> 71,1 79,1 83,1 85,1/2 86,1
89,1 90,1 91,1 93,1 94,2 95,1 96,1 97<in males,>,1 98<in males,>,1/2 99,1
100,1 101,1 103,1 117,2 126,1<males> 130<(of males)>,1 140,3 145,1<males>
154,6-7<males> 158,1 219<drilid-m> 
 
#+ Drilidae (females)/
40,2 52,1<females> 59,1<moniliform, females> 71,2 79,2 86,- 89,2 96,2 101,2
103,2 117,1 126,2<females> 145,2<females> 154,9<females> 158,-
219<drilid-f> 
 
# Dryopidae/
1<\i{}Parnidae\i0{}; including \i{}Chiloeidae\i0{}> 2<Long-toed Water
Beetles> 3,3.5-5.5 4,1.7-3.2 5,2-4.15 6,1 7,1 13,2 14,2 20,1/2 21,1/2 22,2
23,1/2 29,1-2 32,1/2 34,1/2 39,1 40,1 42,1 44,2/3 45,1/2/3 46,1 50,1 51,2
52,1-2 53,1 55,3-6/8-11/13 59,3&5<of unusual form, with a pectinate club>
61,6-10<six or more> 65,1/2 67,2 68,1 70,0.4-1.05 71,1 72,1 73,1/2 77,2
79,1/3 80,1 81<when present,>,1 82,1/2 83,1 85,1 86,3-4 87,1/2 89,1 90,1
91,1 92,3 93,1 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,1/2 98,3 99,1 100,1 101,1 103,2 108,1
109,2<in British representatives> 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2
118,2 120,1 121,2 123,1 124,3 127,1.1-2.3 131,1 134,1 138,1<covered with
fine hairs, which are short and recumbent in \i{}Pomatinus\i0{} but more or
less raised in \i{}Dryops\i0{}> 140,1/3 141<when more than five,>,3 142,2
145,1/2 148,1/2 149,2 150,2 154,5 155,2 156,2 157,1 158,1 159,1-2<aquatic
or sub-aquatic, often found under stones or wood> 160,3 161,2 162,2 164,4
168,1/2 169,1 171,1 172,1 173,1 174,1 175,1 176,1 177,3 178,1-2 179,1 180,6
181,2 182,2 183,1 184,3 185,4 186,2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10
194,1 195,1<these biforous or bilbiate> 196,3 197,2 199,2 200,4 201,2 202,2
204,2<not truly aquatic, despite living in wet habitats>
206,2&3&14<especially in wet soil and leaf litter, and waterlogged wood>
207,4&7 209,3 210,3 211,12 212<about>,200 214,8 215,3 216<\i{}Dryops\i0{},
\i{}Pomatinus\i0{} (\i{}Helichus\i0{})> 217<\i{}Dryops luridus\i0{}>
218<The thorax of \i{}Pomatinus\i0{} exhibits an impressed line on each
side which is lacking in \i{}Dryops\i0{}, and in the latter the front of
the thorax is more contracted; this additional to the different arrangement
of the elytral hairs (q.v.).> 219<dryopida> 
 
# Dytiscidae/
2<True Water-beetles, Predacious Diving Beetles; the larvae known as Water
Tigers> 3,1.5-38 4,1.23-2.4 5,1.8-7.3 6,1 7,1/2 9,2-3 11,2-3<of similar
convexity above and below> 14,2 15,2 20,1/2 21,2 22,2 23,2 29,1 32,2
33,2<but characteristically indented above them in the Colymbetinae> 34,2
35,1 39,1 40,1 42,3 43,3 44,2/3 45,1/2 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,1-2 55,11 59,1
65,2 67,2 68,2 69,1 70,0.2-0.68 71,1 72,1 75,2 77,1 79,1/2/3 80<when
applicable,>,2 81,1 82,1/2 83,1 85,1 86,3/4 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,2/3 93,3
94,2 95,2<some phreatic Hydroporinae>/3 96,1 97,1 98<variously>,1/2/3 99,1
100,1 101,1 102,1<but without the longitudinal plates characteristic of
\i{}Noteridae\i0{}> 103,1 104,2 109,2/9 110,1/2 111,1/3 113,1
114,2<Hydroporinae>/3<sometimes the males having the first three segments
dilated to form adhesive pads, used to grip the female>
115,2<Hydrporinae>/3 116,1/2/3 117,2 118,2 120,1 121,2 122,1 123,1 124,3
125,1 127,0.95-2 131,1 140,2/3<Hydroporinae> 141<when more than
five,>,1/2-5 142,2 145,1/2 149,2 150,1 151,1/2 154,4-6 155,1/2 156<when
present,>,2-3 157,1 158,5 159,1 160,1 161<diving and>,1 162,1<respiring via
the terminal pair of spiracles> 163,1 164,1 165,1<on a variety of aquatic
animals, including tadpoles and fish, with the mandibles adapted for
chewing and internal digestion> 168,1-3 169,1 171,1/2 173,1/2/3 174,1
175,1/2 176,2 177,4/5-15<? - five or more> 178,3 179,1/2 180<when
present,>,6 181,1/2 182,1 183,3 184,1 185,3/4 186,1/2/3 187,1 188,2/3/4
189,1 190,6 191,2 192,2 193,8/9 194,3 195,1<these annular>/2 196,3 197,2
199,2 200,1 201,1/2 202,1/2 204,1<like the adults, periodically taking air
at the water surface via the modified, terminal pair of spiracles> 205,1<on
a variety of aquatic animals, including tadpoles and fish, and conducting
digestion externally, with digestive enzymes and the products of digestion
transported via the hollow mandibles; finally leaving the water to pupate
in damp soil> 209,1 211,5 212<about>,4000 213<about>,160<in 7 subfamilies>
214,113 215,27 216<\i{}Acilius\i0{}, \i{}Colymbetes\i0{},
\i{}Dytiscus\i0{}, \i{}Graphoderus\i0{}, \i{}Hygrotus\i0{},
\i{}Oreodites\i0{}, \i{}Platambus\i0{}, etc.> 217<\i{}Acilius
canaliculatus\i0{} ((Pale-thighed Acilius); \i{}Colymbetes cicur\i0{}
(Tuther's Dyticus Water-beetle: from southern Africa); \i{}Dytiscus
dimidiatus\i0{} (Thick-horned Dyticus Beetle); \i{}Graphoderus
cinereus\i0{} (Orange-striped Hydaticus Water-beetle); \i{}Oreodites
davisi\i0{} (Davisian Water-beetle); \i{}Hygrotus decoratus\i0{}
(Ornamented Hygrotus); \i{}Platambus maculatus\i0{}. (The genus
\i{}Cybister\i0{} Curtis, exmplified by his illustration of \i{}C.
roeselii\i0{}, seemingly does not occur in Britain)> 218<boat-shaped and
flattened beneath, the scutellum nearly always visible> 219<dytiscid> 
 
# Elateridae/
1<including \i{}Cebrionidae\i0{}, \i{}Cavicoxumidae\i0{},
\i{}Dicronychidae\i0{}, \i{}Lissomidae\i0{}, \i{}Throscidae\i0{} part>
2<Click-beetles, Skip-jack beetles, Wire-worms> 3,2.8-30<?> 4,1.73-5.16
5,1.3-6 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,4-5 14,2 15,1 20,1/2 21,2 22,1/2 25,1<flexing
violently at the junction of the pro- and mesothorax> 29,1-3 32,1/2 34,2
35,1 38,1 39,1 40,1 42,1/2/3 43,1-3 44,1/2 45,1/2 46,1 50<variously>,1/2/3
51,1/2 52,2-4 55,11(-12) 58,2 59,1/4/5<occasionally plumose> 65,1/2 67,1/2
68,1 69,1-3 70,0.4-1.35 71,1<mostly>/2 72<when present,>,1/2 73,1/2 75,2
77,2 79,1 80,1/2 81,1/2 82,1/2/3 85,1 86<consistently>,3 87,2 89,1 90,1
91,1-2 92,2/3<mostly> 93,3 94,2 95,1/2<some Elaterinae> 96,1 97,1/2 98,2/3
99,1 100,1/2 101,1 103,1 105<contiguous,>,1<with transverse cavities> 109,2
110<usually>,2 111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2<but sometimes with
basal setae> 120,1/2/3 121,1<this sometimes with three or more setae> 123,1
124,3 127,1-3.83 131,1-3 134,1 140,1/2/3 141<when more than five,>,3 142,2
145,1/2 149<variously>,1/2 150,2 154,5 155,2 156,2-4<segment 5 being
movable> 157,1 158,1 165<seemingly mostly>,2 166<often>,1<or on bark>
168,1/2/3 171,1 173,1/2/3 174,1 175,1/2 176,1/2 177,3
179,1<sometimes>/2<commonly> 180<when present,>,1 182,1 183,3 184,1/2 185,4
186,1/2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10<in British representatives>
194,2 195,1<biforous or bilabiate> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,1/2
205,1<commonly>/2<especially soil-dwelling forms>
206,1/2/3/4/5/12/13/14<i.e., in divers habitats> 207<when non-predacious,
usually>,3<Agrypninae and Elaterinae including pests familiar as
wireworms in grass and root crops> 208<The larvae wiry-bodied, with the
labrum absent or fused to the clypeus, and abdominal segment 9 conical.>
209,3 210,3 211,13 212<about>,9300 213<at least>,900 214,65 215,26
216<\i{}Agrypnus\i0{}, \i{}Cardiophorus\i0{}, \i{}Denticollis\i0{},
\i{}Elater\i0{}, \i{}Megapenthes\i0{}, \i{}Negastrius\i0{}, etc.>
217<\i{}Elater sanguinolentus\i0{}; \i{}Megapenthes lugens\i0{}> 218<The
adult prothorax (the first segment of the thorax) and the mesothorax (the
second segment) are freely movable on one another, and the underside of the
former bears a pointed, rearward prosternal extension which engages and
disengages with a cavity in the under-side of the latter. This arrangement
constitutes the familiar clicking mechanism, whereby the beetle clicks
and jumps to right itself or as a means of escape. The labrum protrudes
forwards of the front of the head, and unlike the situation in
\i{}Eucnemidae\i0{} it is visible from above.> 219<elaterid> 
 
# Elmidae/
1<= \i{}Elmididae\i0{}, \i{}Elminthidae\i0{}, \i{}Helmidae\i0{},
\i{}Helminthidae\i0{}, \i{}Limniidae\i0{}> 2<Riffle Beetles, Water-beetles>
3,1.3-4.75 4,1.8-3.1 5,1.8-4.7 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,2-3 13,2 14,2 15,2 16,1 20,1/2
21,2 22,2 23,1<in all British representatives> 29,1-2 32,2 34,2 39,1 40,1
42,1 44,2/3 45,1/2<some Elminae> 46,1 50,1<Elminae>/2/3 51,1<Larainae>/2
52,2 55,7-11 58,2 59,1 65,1 67,2 68,1 70,0.6-1.1 71,1/2<some Elminae>
72<when present,>,1/2<some Larainae> 77,2 79,1 80,1 81,1 82,1/2 85,1 86,2-3
87,1 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,3 93,1<Larainae>/2-3<Elminae> 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,1/2
98,3 99,1 100,1 101,1/2 103,1/2 105,1 108,1 109,2 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,3
115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1/2 123,1 124,3 127,1.3-2.5 131,1 133,2
140,1/2/3 141<when more than five,>,1/2-4 142,1<some Larainae>/2 145,1/2
149,2 150,2 154,5-6 155,2 156,3 157,1/2 158,1 159,1<in running water, under
stones and logs> 160,3 161,2 162,2 163,3 164,4 166<often in submerged sand,
gravel, or wet wood in streams> 167<fully aquatic,>,3/7 168,1/2 169,1
171,1/2 173,1-3 174,1/2 175,1 176,1 177,3 178,2 179,1 180,1/5 181,2 182,1/2
183,1 184,2/3 185,4 186,2/3 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,2
195,1<biforous or bilabiate>/2 196,3 197,1 198,6 199,2 200,4 201,2 202,2
204,1<in a variety of habitats with shallow moving water, in gravel or
waterlogged wood, or among roots and moss at the waters edge>
207,3/4<apparently feeding on decaying plant material, diatoms and other
algae> 208<Larvae woodlouse-shaped or cylindric, with three tufts of
retractive anal gills.> 209,3 210,3 211,12 213<about>,30<?> 214,11 215,8
216<\i{}Elmis\i0{}, \i{}Esolus\i0{}, \i{}Limnius\i0{},
\i{}Macronychus\i0{}, \i{}Normandia\i0{}, \i{}Oulimnius\i0{},
\i{}Riolus\i0{}, \i{}Stenelmis\i0{}> 217<\i{}Limnius volkmari\i0{}
(Volckmar's Elmis Water-beetle)> 218<The distal hind tarsal segment
elongate, and bulbous at its tip.> 219<elmidae> 
 
# Endomychidae/
1<including \i{}Alexiidae\i0{}, \i{}Cerasommatidiidae\i0{},
\i{}Cerylonidae\i0{} part, \i{}Latridiidae\i0{} part, \i{}Mycetaeidae\i0{};
excluding \i{}Merophysiidae\i0{}> 2<Cellar-beetles, Handsome Fungus
Beetles> 3,2.5-6 4,1.1-2.53 5,1.9-6.2 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,2-3 11,2-3 14,2 15,2-3
20,1/2 21,1/2 22,2 32,1/2 34,1/2 35,2 39,1 40,1 42,1 44,1/2/3 45,1/2/3
46,1/2 50,2 51,1/2 52,2-4 55,4/(8-)11 58,2 59,2-3 61,3 65,1/2 68,1 69,1
70,0.3-1.1 71,1 72,1 75,2 77,2 79,1-2/3 80<when present,>,1/2 81,1 82,1/2/3
85,1/2 86,1-3 87,2 89,1 90,1/2<\i{}Alexiidae\i0{}> 91<when applicable>,1
92,2/3 93,2/3 94,2 95,1<\i{}Alexiidae\i0{}>/2/3 96,1 97,1/2 98,2/3 99,1
100,1/2 101,2 103,1<\i{}Alexiidae\i0{}>/2 105,2 109,4/7<usually 4 4 4 with
a minute third segment, cf. \i{}Coccinellidae\i0{}> 110,1 111,1 113,1 114,2
115,2 116,4 117,2/1 118,2 120,1 123,1 124,2<but the third segment minute,
those of cf. the other legs> 127,0.9-1.75 131,1 138,1<sometimes with
scattered hairs>/2 140,3 142,2 143,1 144,1<or almost> 145,1/2 148,1/2 149,2
150,1 151,2 154,5-6 155,1 157,2 158,8 166,2&3&7 167,9<e.g., in toadstools,
fungi on trees, and on moulds> 168,1/2 171,1/2 173,1/2/3 174,1/2 175,1/2
176,2 177,3 179,1/2 180<when present,>,1-4 182,1/2 183,1 184,1/2/3/4 185,3
186,2/3 187,1 188,1<sometimes in \i{}Lycoperdina\i0{}>/2<usually> 189,1
190,5 192,1 193,10 194,2 195,1<usually annular> 196,2<Anamorphinae>/3 199,2
202,1<e.g., \i{}Lycoperdina\i0{}, \i{}Mycetaea\i0{}>/2
206,2&3&7/13<\i{}Mycetaea subterranea\i0{} being a minor pest in granaries
and warehouses> 207,9<notably found in fungal fruit bodies on trees, or
feeding on moulds> 209,3 211,8 212<about>,1300 213<about>,120 214,6 215,5
216<\i{}Endomychus\i0{}, \i{}Lycoperdina\i0{}, \i{}Mycetaea\i0{},
\i{}Sphaerosoma\i0{}, \i{}Symbiotes\i0{}> 217<\i{}Endomychus coccineus\i0{}
(Scarlet Endomychus); \i{}Lycoperdina bovistae\i0{} (Puff-ball Beetle);
\i{}Mycetaea hirta \i0{}(Hairy Cellar-beetle), \i{}Sphaerosoma\i0{}
(\i{}Alexiidae\i0{})> 218<Moderate-sized, convex, often prettily patterned
beetles.> 219<endomich> 
 
# Erotylidae/
1<including \i{}Dacnidae\i0{}, excluding \i{}Languriidae\i0{}> 2<Pleasing
Fungus-beetles> 3,2.5-7 4,1.15-2.87 5,2-5.75 6,1 7,1 9,2-4 11<convex
beneath> 14,2 15,1-2 17<often with a bright yellow and black pattern, or
metallic colour> 18,1/2 20,1/2 21,1/2 22,2 27,1 29,1 32,1/2 34,1/2 39,1
40,1 42,1 43,1/3 44,2 45,1/2 46,1 50,1/2 51,1/2 52,2 55,11 58,2 59,3
61,3<flattened> 65,1/2 67,2 68,1 69,1 70,0.25-0.97 71,1 72,1 75,2 77,2
79,1/2 80<when applicable,>,1/2 81,1 82,2 83,1 85,1 86,2/3 87,2 89,1 90,2
91,3/4 92,3 93,2/3 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,1/2 98,3 99,1 100,2
101,1<\i{}Dacne\i0{}>/2 103,2 105,2 109,2/4 110,1 111,1/3<but the fourth
segment usually small> 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1/2 117,2<\i{}Dacne\i0{}>/1
118,2 120,1 121,2 123,1/2 124,2/3 127,1-2.2 131,1 138,1/2 140,1/3 141<when
more than five,>,1/2-4 142,1<\i{}Dacne\i0{}>/2 143,1 144,1 145,1/2 149,1/2
150,1 151,2 154,5 155,1/2 156<when present,>,2 157,2 158,8 166,5&7<often
associated with agaric fruiting bodies on trees> 167,9 168,1/2 171,1
173,1/2 174,1 175,1/2 176,2 177,3 179,1 180,5/6 182,1 183,1 184,2/3 185,3
186,2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,2 195,1<annularbiforous>
196,2/3 199,2 200,4 202,1 206,5&7<on trees> 207,9<on fleshy fungi> 208<The
larvae subcylindric, whitish to pale brown, with well developed legs and
segmental sclerites bearing spines; head hypognathous with 5 or 6 pairs of
ocelli and long, 3-segmented antennae.> 209,3 211,8 213<at least>,100 214,7
215,3 216<\i{}Dacne\i0{}, \i{}Triplax\i0{}, \i{}Tritoma\i0{}>
217<\i{}Tritoma bipustulata\i0{}> 218<Ovoid or elongate beetles associated
with fungi, the tibiae flattened and expanded.> 219<erotylid> 
 
# Eucinetidae/
1<~\i{}Cryptomeridae\i0{}> 2<Plate-thigh Beetles> 3,3.2-4 4,1.3-1.85
5,4-5.8 6,1 7,1 9,2-3 11,2 14,1/2 15,1 20,2 21,2 22,2 28,1 29,1-2 32,1/2
34,2 35,2 39,1 40,1 42,1 43,1/3 44,1 45,2 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,2 55,11 59,1
65,1/2 67,2 68,1 70,0.25-0.5 71,1 72,1 77,2 79,1 80,2 81,1 82,1 85,1 86,1
87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,2 93,1 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,1 98,3 99,1 100,1 101,1
102,1 103,1 109,2 110,1<on the front tarsi> 111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1
117,2 118,2 120,1 121,1<this with no more than two setae> 123,1 124,3
127,1.2-1.55 131,1 138,1 140,1/3 141<when more than five,>,4 142,2 145,1/2
149,1 150,2 154,5-7 155,2 156,2 157,1 158,1 167,4/7/9<i.e., probably
mycetophagous> 168,1/2 171,1-2 173,1/2/3 175,2 176,2 177,3 179,1 180,5
182,1 183,1/2 184,2/4 185,3 186,2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10
194,1 195,1<these annular> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,2 206,2&3&5 207,9<some
feeding on spores of slime moulds, some on basidiomycete hyphae> 209,3
210,3 211,14 212<about>,40 213,9 214,1<\i{}E. meridionalis\i0{}> 215,1
216<\i{}Eucinetus\i0{}> 219<eucineti> 
 
# Eucnemidae/
1<\i{}Melasidae\i0{}, ~\i{}Elateridae\i0{}> 2<False Click-beetles>
3,2.8-30<?> 4,2.4-3.6 5,2.35-4.85 6,1 7,1 9,4-5 14,2 15,1 20,2 21,2 22,2
25,2<the clicking mechanism apparently non-functional> 29,1-3 32,1/2 34,2
35,1 38,1 39,2 40<if recordable,>,1/2 42,3 43,3 44,1/2 45,1/2 46,1/2
50,1/2/3 51,2 52,1-2 55,11 58,2 59,1/4/5 65,1/2 67,1/2 68,1 69,1 70,0.48-1
71,1 72,1 77,2 79,1 80,1 81,1 82,1/2/3 85,1 86,3 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1/2 92,3
93,3 94,2 95,1/2 96,1 97,1/2 98,3 99,1 100,1 101,1 103,1
105<contiguous,>,1<with transverse cavities> 109,2 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,3
115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2<but sometimes with basal setae> 120,1/2/3
121,1<this with no more than two setae>/2 123,1 124,3 127,1.7-3 131,1 134,1
138,1 140,2/3 141<when more than five,>,3 142,2 145,1 149,1/2 150,2 154,5
155,3 156,5<sternite 5 not movable on 4> 157,1 158,1 165,2<?> 166<often
found>,1 168,1-3 171,1/2 173,1/2/3 174,1 175,1/2 176,1/2 177,2 179,2 182,1
183,3 184,1 185,0/3 186,1 187,1/2 188<when present,>,1/2 189,1/2 190,0/1-5
192,1 193,9/10 194,1-2 195,1<biforous or bilabiate> 196,3 199,2 200,4
202,1/2 205,1/2<?> 206,2/3/5/14 207<the food sources uncertain> 208<The
small-headed , legless larvae have greatly reduced mouthparts with
mandibles biting outwardly as in \i{}Throscidae\i0{}, very small antennae,
and a subcylindric 9-segmented abdomen.> 209,3 210,3 211,13 212<about>,1700
214,6 215,5 216<\i{}Dirhagus\i0{}, \i{}Epiphanis\i0{}, \i{}Eucnemis\i0{},
\i{}Hylis\i0{}, \i{}Melasis\i0{}> 217<\i{}Melasis buprestoides\i0{}
(Buprestis-like Melasis)> 218<The adult prothorax (the first segment of the
thorax) and the mesothorax (the second segment) are freely movable on one
another, and the prosternal extension resembles that in \i{}Elateridae\i0{}
(q.v.), but the clicking mechanism is apparently non-functional in this
family.> 219<eucnemid> 
 
# Geotrupidae/
1<~\i{}Scarabaeidae\i0{}; currently including \i{}Bolboceratidae\i0{}>
2<Dor-, Dung-, Clock-beetles> 3,11-26 4,1.17-1.57 5,1.4-2.35 6,1 7,1
9<stoutly>,2-3 11,3 14,2 15,3 17<generally dark reddish brown or black>
20,1 21,2 22,2 27,1 29,1<the strongly projecting mandibles readily visible
in dorsal views> 31,2<i.e., each of the pair being completely divided into
upper and lower halves> 32,2 34,2 35,1 39,1 40,1 42,1 44,1/2 45,1/2/3 46,1
50,1 51,2 52,1-2 53,1 54,2 55,11 59,3 60<tightly>,1<circular and biconvex,
but with the capacity to open fan-like> 63,1/2 65,2 67,2 68,1 69,1
70,0.36-0.58 71,1 72,1 75,2 77,2 79,1 80<when applicable,>,1/2 81,1 82,1/2
83,1 84,1/2 85<when not interrupted,>,1 86,2-3 87,2 89,1 90,2 91,3 92,1/2
93,1-2 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,1/2 98,1/2/3 99,1/2 100,1 101,1 103,1 109,2 110,2
111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1 121,1<this with no more
than two setae> 123,1 124,3 127,0.75-1.1 131,1 135,1 136,1<commonly>/2
138,2 140,1/2/3 141<when more than five,>,1/2/6
142,1<\i{}Bolboceratidae\i0{}>/2 145,1/2 149,1 150,2 154,6-7 155,1 157,1
158,2 166,8/2 167,10/9&10 168,2/3 171,1/2 172,1 173,1 174,1 175,2 176,2
177,3 179,2 182,1 183,1 184,1/2 185,4 186,1/2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,2/4/5
191,1 192,1 193,10 194,1 195,1<biforous or bilabiate, or cribriform> 196,3
199,2 200,4 202,2 206,8/2&14 207,10/4&9 208<The larvae stridulating by
rubbing the mid- and hind-legs, the latter being atrophied.> 209,3 210,4
211,19 212<about>,600 213<about>,30 214,8 215,5 216<\i{}Anoplotrupes\i0{},
\i{}Geotrupes\i0{}, \i{}Odontaeus\i0{} (\i{}Bolboceratidae\i0{}),
\i{}Trypocopris\i0{}, \i{}Typhaeus\i0{}> 217<\i{}Odontaeus armiger\i0{}
(Many-horned Scarab); \i{}Geotrupes vernalis\i0{} (Smooth Dor, or
Clock-beetle)> 218<head and/or pronotum often conspicuously horned; the
legs very powerful and heavily armed, stridulating by rubbing a file on the
hind coxae over an abdominal ridge. The larvae mostly coprophagous and/or
mycetophagous, in underground burrows provisioned with dung by the adults>
219<geotrupi> 
 
# Gyrinidae/
2<Whirligig beetles> 3,3.5-7.8 4,1.4-1.98 5,3.1-4.95 6,1 7,1/2 9,2 11,2-3
14,2 15,1 17<very dark, blue or olive green> 20,1<glabrous in
\i{}Gyrinus\i0{}>/2<\i{}Orectochilus\i0{} with thick, short pubescence>
21,2 22,2 23,2 29,1 31,2 32,2 34,2 39,1 40,1 42,3 43,3 44,2 45,2 46,1/2
50,1/2 51,1 52,1 55,8-11 59,3 63,1/2 65,1/2 68,2 69,1 70,0.3-0.53 71,1 72,1
75,2 77,1 79,1-3 80<when applicable,>,2 81,1 82,1/2 83,1 85,2 86,1 87,1/2
88,1 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,1/2 93,2 94,2 95,2 96,1 97,1 98,2 99,1/2 100,1 101,1
102,1 103,1 104,2 109,2 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,3<large> 115,3<but much
shorter than those of the fore-legs, flattened and oar-like> 116,1 117,2
118,2 120,1 122,1 123,1 124,3 125,1<like the mid-leg tarsi: much shorter
than those of the fore-legs> 127,1.15-1.54 131,1-2 135,1
139,1<\i{}Gyrinus\i0{} with punctured striae>/2<confusedly punctured in
\i{}Orectochilus\i0{}> 140,1/3 141<when more than five,>,3-5 142,2 145,1
149,2 150,2 154,6-7 155,2 156,2/3 157,1 158,5 159,1<conspicuously
gregarious, storing air under the elytra> 160,2 161,1<on the surface of the
water, in colonies, with characteristic whirling motion> 162,1 163,3
165<largely>,1<preying on insects and other small aquatic animals, finding
food on the water surface with the aid of their specialized antennae> 168,2
169,1 171,1 173,2 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,4 178,3 179,1 180,6 181,1 182,1
183,3 184,1 185,4 186,1 187,1 188,3 189,1 190,6 191,2 192,2 193,10 194,1
195,1<annular>/2 196,3 197,1 198,3 199,2 200,4 201,2<?> 202,1/2 204,1<the
early stages living underwater, and breathing dissolved oxygen via gills;
subsequently developing spiracles and pupating on land>
205<entirely>,1<feeding on a variety of insects and other small aquatic
animals> 206<bottom dwellers until they emerge from the water to pupate>
209,1 211,5 212<about>,700 214,13 215,3 216<\i{}Aulonogyrus\i0{},
\i{}Gyrinus\i0{}, \i{}Orectochilus\i0{}> 217<\i{}Gyrinus bicolor\i0{}
(Elongated Whirl-wig or Whirligig Beetle)> 218<Smooth, boat-shaped,
surface-swimming beetles, with divided eyes which are adapted for
simultaneously seeing above and below the water, and characteristically
swimming rapidly in circles when alarmed. \i{}Gyrinus\i0{} differing from
\i{}Orectochilus\i0{} in the elytral striation and puncturing (q.v.).>
219<gyrinida> 
 
# Haliplidae/
2<Crawling Water-beetles> 3,2-4.5 4,1.45-2.5 5,3.24-4.05 6,1 7,1/2 9,2
14,1-2 15,1-2 17<yellowish> 20,1/2 21,2 22,2 23,2 29,1 32,2 34,2 35,2 39,1
40,1 42,3 43,1/3 44,1 45,1/2 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,1-2 55,11 59,1 65,1 67,2
68,2 69,1 70,0.43-0.66 71,1 72,1 75,2 77,1 79,3 85,1 86,4 87,1/2 89,1 90,1
91,1 92,2/3 93,3 94,2 95,3 96,1 97,1-2 98,3 99,1 100,1 101,1 102,1 103,1
104,2 106,1<and also concealing the basal abdominal sternites> 109,2 111,3
113,1 114,3 115,3<and modified for swimming, cf. the hind pair> 116,1 117,2
118,2 120,1 122,1 123,1 124,3<somewhat modified for swimming> 125,2<but
with swimming hairs> 127,1.15-1.52 131,1 139<darkly, conspicuously>,1
140,1/3 141<when more than five,>,4 142,1/2 145,1/2 149,1 150,2 154,4-6
155,1/2 156<when present,>,2/3 157,1 158,5 159,1 160,3 161,2
162,1<presumably? - taking in air at the water surface, storing it both
under the elytra and in the post-coxal cavities> 163,1/3
164<sometimes>,1<?>/- 165,2/1&2 167,3<mainly on green algae -
\i{}Chara\i0{}, \i{}Spirogyra\i0{}, etc. - and aquatic angiosperms such as
\i{}Ceratophyllum\i0{}, but perhaps also consuming insect eggs and
hydrozoans?> 168,2 169,1 171,1 173,1-2 174,1/2 175,1/2 176,1/2 177,4 178,2
179,1 180,6 181,2 182,1 183,3 184,1 185,3 186,1/2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,6
191,1 192,1 193,10 194,1/2 195,1<these annular>/2 196,3 197,2 199,2 200,4
202,1/2 204,1 205,1<with short, curved, hollow suctorial mandibles
(Britton, 1970)> 208<The larvae with 4-segmented antennae, legs with single
claws, and an elongate 10th segment with cerci.> 209,1 211,5 212<about>,200
213,5 214,18 215,3 216<\i{}Brychius\i0{}, \i{}Haliplus\i0{},
\i{}Peltodytes\i0{}> 217<\i{}Haliplus obliquus\i0{}> 218<boat-shaped
beetles, the scutellum not visible; crawling under water, and swimming, via
alternate leg movements. The thorax is laterally sinuous and stria 3 of the
elytra strongly raised in \i{}Brychius\i0{}; the thorax broadest at the
base and not sinuate in the other genera, in which stria 3 of the elytra is
not raised. In \i{}Peltodytes\i0{}, the last joint of the maxillary palps
is as broad as, and as long as, the penultimate one, while in
\i{}Haliplus\i0{} it is much narrower and shorter than it.> 219<haplidid> 
 
# Heteroceridae/
2<Mud-beetles> 3,2.5-5 4,1.7-3.05 5,2.2-3.53 6,1 7,1 9,4 13,2 14,2 15,3
20,2 21,2 22,2 27,1 29,1 32,2 34,2 35,1 39,1 40,1 42,1 44,1/2 45,2/3 46,1
50,1 51,2 52,1 53,1 55,(9-)11 58,2 59,3 61,7<serrate> 63,1/2 65,1 67,2 68,1
69,1 70,0.52-0.82 71,1/2 72<if present,>,2 75,2 77,2 79,1 80,1 81,1 82,1
85,1 86,3 87,1 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,2 93,1 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,1-2 98,3 99,1
100,1 101,1 103,1 105,1 108,1 109,4 110,2 111,3<but the terminal segment
about half as long as the basal three together> 113,1 114,2 115,2 116,3
117,2 118,2 120,1 123,1 124,2 127,1.18-2.3 131,1 133,2 134,1 138,1<densely
hairy> 140,3 142,2 145,1/2 149,2 150,2 152,10 154,5 155,2 156,3 157,1
158,12 159,1/2<aquatic or sub-aquatic, in mud around streams and ponds,
including brackish situations> 160,3 161,2 162,2 164,4 166<tunnelling in
stiff mud at the sides of ponds and streams> 167,3<feeding on algae> 169,1
171,1 173,1-2 174,1 175,1 176,2 177,3 178,1 179,1 180,6 181,2 182,2 183,1
184,2 185,3 186,2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,1 195,1<these
annular or cribriform> 196,3 197,2 199,2 200,4 202,2 204<seemingly>,2
206<burrowing in wet sand or mud alongside water> 207,3&4<digesting algae
and other organic materials which are ingested with quantities of the
substrate> 208<The larvae elongate, with rather distended thoracic
segments, well developed legs, and 10 visible abdominal segments.> 209,3
210,3 211,12 212<about>,250 213,5-20<depending on taxonomic opinion> 214,8
215,1 216<\i{}Heterocerus\i0{}> 217<\i{}Heterocerus obsoletus\i0{} (Largest
Heterocerus)> 219<heteroce> 
 
# Histeridae/
1<including \i{}Niponiidae\i0{}> 2<Clown Beetles, Hister Beetles> 3,0.8-10
4,1.1-3.6 5,0.5-2.5 6,1 7,1 8,2 9,2 11,1 14,2 15,1-2 20,1/2 21,2 22,1/2
27,1 29,1<the mandibles visible in dorsal view> 32,1/2 34,2 35,1 39,1 40,1
42,1/2/3 44,1 45,1/2/3 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,1-2 54<more or less>,1 55,8-11
57,1<and curved> 59,3 61,3<compact, pilose> 65,1/2 68,1 69,1 70,0.45-1.8
71,1/2 72<if present,>,1 75,2 77,2 79,1-2/3 80<when applicable,>,1 81,1
82,1 85,1 86,2-3 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,2 92,3 93,1 95,1 96,1 97,2 98,3 99,1
100,1 101,2 103,2 109,2 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2
120,1 123,1/2 124,2/3 127,0.5-1.6 129,1 130,1/2<fairly, revealing 2 or 2-3
tergites> 131,1-2 132,1 133,1<leaving the pygidium and the last tergite
exposed> 135,1 139,1<but never fully nine- or ten-striate> 140,2/3 141<when
more than five,>,1/2 142,2 145,1 149,1 150,2 152,7 154,5 155,1 157,2 158,3
165,1/1&2<feeding on assorted small arthropods, and especially on insect
larvae> 166,2/3/5/7/8/9/10 168,1/2 171,1 173,2 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,3
179,1/2 180<when present,>,1 182,1 183,3 184,1 185,4/5 186,1 187,1 188,2/3
189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,2 195,1<these biforous or bilabiate> 196,3
199,2 200,4 202,1/2 205,1/1&2<feeding on insect larvae, notably Diptera>
206,2/3/5/7/8/9/10 209,3 210,5 211,17 212<about>,3900 214,49 215,22
216<\i{}Dendrophilus\i0{}, \i{}Hister\i0{}, \i{}Onthophilus\i0{}, etc.>
217<\i{}Dendrophilus pygmaeus\i0{}; \i{}Hister quadrimaculatus\i0{}
(Lunar-spotted Mimic-beetle); \i{}Onthophilus punctatus\i0{}> 219<histerid>
 
# Hydraenidae/
1<= \i{}Limnebiidae\i0{}> 2<Crawling Water-beetles> 3,(0.75-)1.1-1.7(-2.5)
4,1.6-2.57 5,1.77-3.62 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,4 14,2 15,3 20,1/2 21,2 22,2 23,2 32,2
34,2 39,1 40,1 42,1 44,1/2 45,1/2 46,1 49,1 50,1 51,2 52,1-3<perhaps with a
respiratory function?> 55,7-11 59,3 61,5<the club hairy> 63,1/2 65,2
68,1<mostly>/2<\i{}Limnebius\i0{}> 70,0.42-1.05 71,1 72,1 77,2 79,1/1-2
80<when applicable,>,2 81,1 82,1/2 85,1 86,2 87,2 89,1 90,1/2<most
Hydraeninae> 91,1-2/4<most Hydraeninae> 92,2 93,1/2 94,1<most
Hydraeninae>/2 95,1/3<some Hydraeninae> 96,1 97,1 98,2 99,1 100,1 101,1
103,1 109,4 110,2 111,2 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1/2<the basal one>/3 117,2
118,2 120,1 121,2 123,1 124,3 125,2 127,1.18-2 131,1
140,1/3<\i{}Limnebius\i0{}> 141<when more than five,>,1/2-4/6 142,2 145,1/2
148,1/2 149,2 150,2 154,(6-)7 155,1 157,1 158,6 159<all or mostly?>,1 160,3
161,2 162,2 163,3 164,4 166<occurring in various aquatic, semi-aquatic,
riparian and littoral habitats> 167,3/3&4<feeding principally on algae?>
168,1 169,1 171,1 173,2 174,1 175,1/2 176,2 177,3 178,2/3 179,1 180,3/5
181,2 182,2 183,1 184,2 185,3 186,2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10
194,1 195,1<these annular> 196,1/3 197,2 199,2 200,4 202,1 204,2<living in
wet places, but easily drowned> 205,2/1&2<?> 206<found in assorted aquatic
and littoral habitats, cf. the adults> 207,3<perhaps mainly on algae, but
some predacious and saprophagous behaviour has been reported in the family>
208<Larvae subcylindric, active, with 10 abdominal segments.> 209,3 210,5
211,20 213<at least>,20 214,29 215,3 216<\i{}Hydraena\i0{},
\i{}Limnebius\i0{}, \i{}Ochthebius\i0{}> 217<\i{}Hydraena testacea\i0{}
(Testaceous Hydraena); \i{}Ochthebius punctatus\i0{} (Irish Ochthebius);
\i{}Ochthebius exsculptus\i0{} (Gibson's Enicocerus)> 219<hydraeni> 
 
# Hydrophilidae/
1<including \i{}Epimetopidae\i0{}, \i{}Georissidae\i0{},
\i{}Georyssidae\i0{}, \i{}Helophoridae\i0{}, \i{}Hydrochidae\i0{},
\i{}Spercheidae\i0{}, \i{}Sphaeridiidae\i0{}> 2<Water-, Pond-,
Marsh-beetles, Scavenger Water-beetles, Vegetarian Water-beetles> 3,1.5-38
4,1.3-2.55 5,1.7-4.85 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,2-3 14,2 15,2 20,1/2 21,2 22,1/2
23<usually>,1 32,2 34,2 39,1/2<e.g. in Spercheinae> 40,1 42,1 43,1 44,1/2
45,1/2 46,1 49,1<apparently having taken over their sensory functions> 50,1
51,2 52,1<and modified for involvement in respiration> 55,7-9 59,3<the club
hairy> 60,1/2 61,5 63,1/2 65,1/2 68,1 69,1 70,0.25-1.08 71,1 72,1 73,1<some
Helophorinae>/2 75,2 77,2 79,1/2-3 80<when applicable,>,1 81,1
82,1/2<Helophorinae> 83,1<mostly>/2<Georyssinae and Chaetarthriinae>
85<when present,>,1/2<Helophorinae> 86<when present,>,1/2 87,1/2 89,1
90,1<mostly>/2<Spercheinae> 91,1<mostly>/4<Spercheinae>
92,1/2<Helophorinae, Spercheinae> 93,1/2 94,1<mostly>/2<Georyssinae> 95,2/3
96,1 97,1/2 98,2/3/1<Spercheine only> 99,1/2 100,1 101,1/2
103,1<mostly>/2<Georyssinae, Helophorinae> 109,2/4<rarely> 110,2 111,2/3
113,1/2 114,2<rarely>/3 115,2<rarely>/3 116,1/2<then the hasal one
reduced>/3 117,2 118,2 120,1/2 121,1<this setose, sometimes with more than
three setae> 122,1/2 123,1 124,2/3 125,1<notably in \i{}Hydrophilus
piceus\i0{}>/2<but often equipped with swimming hairs> 127,0.93-1.95 131,1
137,5 138,1<e.g., in \i{}Hydrophilus\i0{}>/2 140,1/2/3 141<when more than
five,>,1/2-5 142,1/2 145,1/2 149<variously>,1/2 150,2 154,(4-)5(-6) 155,1/2
156<when present,>,2 157,1/2 158,1 159<mostly>,1<or in wet
situations>/2<e.g., many most Sphaeridiinae being found in dung or decaying
vegetable matter> 160,3 161,2 162,2<this often conspicuous as a bubble on
the underside of the submerged insect> 163,2 164,2/3/4 165,2 166<when
non-aquatic,>,2/8 167,3/4/10<mostly saprophagous> 168,1-3 169,1/4 171,1
173,2<mostly>/1-2<Spercheinae> 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,3 178,2-3 179,1
180,1/3/6 181,2 182,1 183,3 184,1/2<Spercheinae only> 185,4 186,1/2 187,1
188,1/2 189,1/2 190,0/3<Georissinae>/4/5 192,1 193,8-10 194,1 195,1<then
these biforous or bilabiate>/2 196,2<Georissinae only>/3 197,1 198,2/6
199,1<mostly>/2<Georissinae, Helophorinae, Berosini>
200,2<Spercheinae>/4<mostly> 202,1/2<some Hydrophilinae> 204,1/2
205,1<mostly, by contrast with the adults>/2<e.g., a few phytophagous
Helophorinae> 206<when non-aquatic,>,2/8/- 208<The larvae of diverse
form.> 209,3 210,5 211,18 212<about>,2800 213<about>,160 214,89 215,20
216<\i{}Berosus\i0{}, \i{}Helophorus\i0{} (\i{}Helophoridae\i0{}),
\i{}Hydrobius\i0{}, \i{}Hydrochus\i0{} (\i{}Hydrochidae\i0{}),
\i{}Hydrochara\i0{}, \i{}Hydrophilus\i0{}, \i{}Spercheus\i0{},
\i{}Sphaeridium\i0{}, etc.> 217<\i{}Berosus signaticollis\i0{} (Berosus
Water-beetle); \i{}Helophorus rufipes\i0{} (Broad Elophorus); \i{}Hydrobius
fuscipes \i0{} (Salt-water Hydrobius); \i{}Hydrochus elongatus\i0{}
(Elongated Hydrochus); \i{}Hydrochara caraboides\i0{} (Globose
Pond-beetle); \i{}Hydrophilus piceus\i0{} (Great Water-beetle);
\i{}Spercheus emarginatus\i0{} (Notch-headed Hydrophilus); \i{}Sphaeridium
scarabaeoides\i0{} (4-spotted Dung-beetle)> 218<Drab beetles, with
maxillary palps longer than the antennae, and some stridulating when
alarmed. It is unclear from the literature seen whether the family as
currently circumscribed includes non-aquatic forms. Typically, the
posterior pair of abdominal spiracles of the submerged insect are kept in
contact with air stored under the elytra, which communicates with that
which is collected and held in the hydrofuge hairy covering on the ventral
body surface; the larger species replenishing the air supply head first at
the water surface by exserting one or both of the specialized antennae, but
smaller forms can renew it via bubbles of oxygen produced by the algae on
which they feed> 219<hydrophi> 
 
# Hygrobiidae/
1<= \i{}Pelobiidae\i0{}, \i{}Paelobiidae\i0{}> 2<Screech-beetles> 3,8.5-10
4,1.55-1.58 5,3.65-4.19 6,1-2 7,2 9,2-3<widening posteriorly> 11,3<convex
above and below> 14,2 20,1 21,2 22,2 23,2 29,1 32,1<by contrast with those
of other water beetles> 34,2 35,1 39,1 40,1 42,2 43,3 44,1/2/3 45,1/2 46,1
50,1 51,2 52,1 55,11 59,1 65,1/2 68,2 69,1 70,0.4-0.5 71,1 72,1 75,2 77,1
79,1/2 80<when applicable,>,2 81,1 82,1 85,1 86,4 87,1 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,3
93,2 94,2 95,3 96,1 97,1 98,1/2 99,1 100,1 101,1 103,1 104,2 109,2 110,2
111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1 122,1 123,1 124,3
125<longer than the tibiae,>,1 127,1.22-1.26 131,1 138,2 140,3 142,2 145,1
149,2 150,2 154,6 155,2 156,3 157,1 158,1 159,1 160,3 161,2 162,1<and
respiring via the terminal pair of spiracles> 163,1 164,1 165,1<bottom
feeders, e.g. on small animals such as tubificid worms?> 168,2 169,1 171,2
173,2 174,1 175,1 176,2 177,4 178,2 179,1 180,6 181,2 182,1 183,3 184,1
185,4 186,2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,6 191,2 192,2 193,9 194,3 195,1<then
these annular>/2 196,3 197,1 198,4 199,2 200,2 202,1 203,1 204,1 205,1<? -
family members observed feeding on insect larvae and \i{}Tubifex\i0{}
worms> 206<inhabiting fine mud and ooze under still waters> 209,1 211,5
212,5 213,1<a small monogeneric family, recorded from Europe, N. Africa,
China and Australia> 214,1 215,1 216<\i{}Hygrobia\i0{}> 217<\i{}H.
hermanni\i0{}> 218<Beetles stridulating loudly, by rubbing the apex of the
abdomen on a file inside the elytra. Associated mainly with stagnant
water.> 219<hygrobii> 
 
# Hypocopridae/
1<~\i{}Cryptophagidae\i0{}> 3,1-1.3 4,2.4-2.6 5,2.2-2.5 6,2 7,2 9,4 11,1-2
14,2 15,3 17<dull black> 20,2 21,2 22,2 27,1 29,1 32,1<as illustrated in
\i{}H. latridioides\i0{}> 34,2 35,2 36,2 39,1 40,1 42,1 43,1 44,2 45,2 46,1
52,2 55,11 59<rather weakly>,3 61,3 65,1 68,2 69,2 70,0.95-1.1 71,2
75,1<rather straight-sided> 77,2 79,1 80,1 81,1 82,2/3 85,1 86,2 87,2 92,3
96,1 97,1 98,3 99,1 100,2 102,2 103,2 109,4 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3
116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1 123,1 124,3 127,1.6-1.8 130,1 131,1<most of it>
132,1 133,1 135,2 138,1 140,3 142,2 143<absent or incomplete> 145,1 148,1
149,2 154,5 155,1 157,2 158,8 165,2<?> 166,8 168,1 173,1/2<?> 206,8 209,3
211,8 212,1<to several?> 213,1<\i{}Hypocoprus\i0{}> 214,1 215,1
216<\i{}Hypocoprus\i0{}> 217<\i{}H. latridioides\i0{}> 218<Seemingly
restricted to the northern hemisphere, and poorly known. Unwins citation
of tarsi as 4,4,4 is contradicted by Lawrence \i{}et al\i0{}> 219<hypocopr>
 
# Lampyridae/
1<including \i{}Drilidae\i0{} part, \i{}Lycidae\i0{} part> 2<Glow-worms,
Fireflies> 3,5-16 4,1.7-5.65 5,0.68-6.9 6,1 7,1 9,4-5 14,2 15,1-2
19,1<female \i{}Lampyris\i0{} and both sexes of
\i{}Phosphaenus\i0{}>/2<male \i{}Lampyris\i0{}> 20,2 21,2 22,2 27,2 28,1
29,2-3 32,1/2 34,2 35,1 39,1/2 40<if recordable,>,1/- 41,1/2 42<when
present,>,3 44,1 45,1 46,1/2 50,1/2/3 52,1-3 55,6/8-15/20-40 58,2 59,1 65,1
67,2 68,1 69,1 70,0.42-0.97 71,1 72,1 77,2 79,1<in the males>/1-3<in
females> 80<when applicable,>,2 81,1 82,1/2/3/4 83,2 87,2 89,1<in
\i{}Lampyris\i0{} males>/2<in both sexes of \i{}Phosphaenus\i0{}, and the
females of \i{}Lampyris\i0{}> 90<in \i{}Lampyris\i0{} males,>,1 91,1
92<when present,>,1 93,1 94,2 95,1 96,1/2 97<when countersunk,>,1 98,1/2
99,2 100<when present>,1 101,1/2<anelytrous females> 103,1 109,2 110,1
111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1/2 121,2 123,1 124,3
126,1<males>/2<females> 127,0.38-2.9 128,1<or rounded?>/- 129,2 130<(of
males)>,1<\i{}Lampyris\i0{}>/2<\i{}Phosphaenus\i0{}> 131<when long,>,1-3
133,2 134<rather>,2 138,1 140<when present,>,3 142,2 143,1<broad at the
base> 145,1/2<in female \i{}Lampyris\i0{}> 149,2 150,2 154,6-9 155,1
157,1/2 158,1/- 165,2<the adults not feeding at all?> 168,2-3 171,1 173,2-3
174,1 175,1 176,2 177,3 179,1 180,1 182,1 183,3 184,1 185,3/4 186,1 187,1
188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,2 195,1<these biforous or bilabiate>
196,2 199,2 200,4 202,2 205<free-living and>,1<on snails and worms> 208<The
larvae brown and elongate, tapered fore and aft, with six short legs; with
a small head borne beneath the prothorax, with 3-segmented antennae, one
ocellus on either side and equipped with channelled mandibles associated
with paralyzing and extra-oral digestion of prey.> 209,3 210,3 211,4
212<about>,2000<temperate and tropical> 214,2 215,2 216<\i{}Lampyris\i0{},
\i{}Phosphaenus\i0{}> 217<\i{}Lampyris noctiluca\i0{}> 218<The adult
females of \i{}Lampyris\i0{} and both sexes of \i{}Phosphaenus\i0{} are
famously luminescent from their distal abdominal sternites. An unusual
feature of adult lampyrids is the frequent absence of prococal cavities, so
that the procoxae are attached externally.> 219<lampyrid> 
 
#+ Lampyridae (males)/
19,1<female \i{}Lampyris\i0{} and both sexes of
\i{}Phosphaenus\i0{}>/2<male \i{}Lampyris\i0{}> 79,1 81,1 82,1/2/3/4 89,1/2
90<in \i{}Lampyris\i0{} males,>,1 91,1 92<when present,>,1 93,1 94,2 95,1
101,1 126,1<males> 130<(of
males)>,1<\i{}Lampyris\i0{}>/2<\i{}Phosphaenus\i0{}> 142,2 145,1 158,1
219<lampyr-m> 
 
#+ Lampyridae (females)/
19,1<female \i{}Lampyris\i0{} and both sexes of \i{}Phosphaenus\i0{}> 50,1
51,2 79,1-3 89,2 101,1/2 126,2<females> 145,1/2 158,- 219<lampyr-f> 
 
# Languriidae/
1<~ \i{}Erotylidae\i0{}> 2<Lizard beetles> 3,1.3-2.5 6,1 7,2 8,3 9,2-3 11,2
14,2 15,3 16,3 17<brown> 20,2 21,2 22,2 27,2 29,1 32,1 34,1/2 35,2 36,2
39,1 40,1 42,1 43,1 44,2 45,2 46,1 48,1 50,1 51,1 52,2 55,11 56,1
58<somewhat>,1/- 59,3 61,3 63,2 65,2 68,1 69,1 70<about>,0.5-0.7 71,1 72,1
75,2 78,2 79,1 80,1 81,1 82,2 85,1 86,2 89,1 90,2 91,4 92,3 93,2 94,2 95,1
96,1 97,1 98,3 99,1 100,2 101,2 103,2 109,2 116,1 117,1 118,2 120,1 123,1
124,3 127<about>,1.3-1.7 131,1 132,2 133,2 135,1 138,1 139,1<with 10
complete rows of fine punctures> 140,1/3 141<when more than five,>,4 142,2
143,1-2 145,1 149,1/2 150,1 151,2 154,5 155<in the British
representative,>,1 157,2 158,8 166,2&7 167,4&9 168,1/2 171,1 174,2 175,1/2
176,2 177,3 179,1 180,5 182,1 183,1 184,3 185,3 186,2 187,1 188,2 189,1
190,5 192,1 193,10 194,2 195,1<these annular-biforous> 196,2 199,2 200,4
202,1 206<in or>,7<?>/2 207,4&9<e.g., on molds> 209,3 210,2 211,8
212<about>,400 214,1 215,1 216<\i{}Cryptophilus\i0{} (\i{}C. integer\i0{})>
219<langurii> 
 
# Lathridiidae/
1<\i{}Latridiidae\i0{}, \i{}Corticariidae\i0{}; ~ \i{}Endomychidae\i0{}>
2<Minute Brown Scavenger Beetles> 3,1-3 4,1.45-2.6 5,2.2-4.9 6,1/2 7,1/2
9,3-4 14,1 15,3 20,1/2 21,1/2 22,2 32,1/2 34,2 39,1 40,1 42,1 43,1
44,1/2/3<some Latridiinae> 45,2<some Corticariinae>/3 46,1<some
Corticariinae>/2 50,1<Corticariinae>/4<Latridiinae> 51,2 52,2 55,10-11 58,2
59,3<sometimes weakly> 61,2/3 65,1/2 68,2 69,1 70,0.45-1.3 71,1/2<some
Corticariinae> 72<when present,>,1/2 75,1<often sculptured> 77,2 79,1-3
80<when applicable,>,1/2 81,1 82,2/3 85,1 86,2 87,2 89,1 90,2 91,4 92,2
93,3 94,2 95,2<some Corticariinae>/3 96,1 97,1/2<some Latridiinae> 98,2/3
99,1 100,2 101,1/2 103,2 105,2 109,7 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,1 115,1 116,5
117,2 118,2 120,1/2 123,1 124,1 127,1-2.2 131,1 137,1<or wrinkled>/5
138,1/2 140,1/3 141<when more than five,>,1/2/6 142,2 145,1/2 148,1 149,1/2
150,1 151,2 154,5/6 155,1 157,2 158,8 165,2 166,2&3&5&7&10<i.e., in diverse
habitats, including damp plaster in houses and nests of insects>
167,9<feeding on moulds and mycetozoa, fungal spores and hyphae of larger
fungi> 168,1 171,1 173,1-2 174,1/2 175,2 176,2 177,3 179,1 180,1-5/6 182,1
183,1 184,1-4 185,3 186,1/2 187,1 188,1/2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,1
195,1<these annular> 196,3 199,2 202,2 206,2&3&5&7&10<cf. the adults>
207<seemingly mainly>,9<feeding on moulds and mycetozoa, and on larger
fungi and spores> 209,3 211,8 212<at least>,1050 213<about>,30 214,61
215,13 216<\i{}Adistemia\i0{}, \i{}Aridius\i0{}, \i{}Cartodere\i0{},
\i{}Corticaria\i0{}, \i{}Corticarina\i0{}, \i{}Cortinicara\i0{},
\i{}Dienerella\i0{}, \i{}Enicmus\i0{}, \i{}Holoparamecus\i0{},
\i{}Lathridius\i0{}, \i{}Lithostignus\i0{}, \i{}Melanophthalma\i0{},
\i{}Stephostethus\i0{}, \i{}Thes\i0{}> 217<\i{}Dienerella elongata\i0{}
(Elongated Latridius); \i{}Holoparamecus singularis\i0{}> 218<Tiny beetles,
with elytra often coarsely punctured or ribbed.> 219<lathridi> 
 
# Leiodidae/
1<= \i{}Anisotomidae\i0{}, \i{}Liodidae\i0{}; including
\i{}Camiaridae\i0{}, \i{}Catopidae\i0{}, \i{}Cholevidae\i0{},
\i{}Colonidae\i0{}, \i{}Leptodiridae\i0{}, \i{}Sogdidae\i0{}; excluding
Platypsillinae (\i{}Leptinidae\i0{})> 2<Truffle Beetles> 3,1.2-7 4,1.2-4.05
5,1.05-4.2 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,2-3 14,2 15,1-2 20,1/2 21,1/2 22,2
24,1<sometimes>/2 29,1-2 32,1/2 34,1/2 36,1/2 37<when present,>,2 39,1 40,1
42,1/2/3<some Leiodinae> 43,1-3 44,1 45,1/2/3<some Sogdini> 46,1 50,1 51,2
52,2-4 55,3/9-11 59,3<the club sometimes elongate> 61,5 64<within the
club,>,1 65,1/2 67,2 68,1/2<Coloninae> 69,1 70,0.35-4.35 71,1 72,1 75,2
77,2 78,2 79,1 80,2 81,1 82,1/2 83,1/2 85<when present,>,1/2 86<when
present,>,1 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1/2 92,1/2 93,1-2 94,1/2 95,1/3 96,1 97,1/2
98,1/2/3 99,1/2<Sogdini only> 100,1 101,1 103,2 109,2/3/10/11 110,2 111,2/3
113,1/2 114,1/2/3 115,1/2/3 116,1/3/5 117,2 118,2 120,1 121,1<this with no
more than two setae> 123,1/2 124,1/2/3 127,0.57-2.75 130,1 131,1-3 138,1/2
140,1/2/3 141<when more than five,>,1/1-4 142,2 145,1/2 149,2 150,2 154,4-6
155,1/2 156<when present,>,2 157,1/2 158,6/12<Coloninae> 166<in divers
habitats,>,2&3&7&10<with some species favouring birds nests and mammal
dens> 167,1/4/9 168,1/2 171,1/2 173,1/2 174,1/2 175,1/2 176,1/2 177,3/4
179,1 180<when present,>,1-3/5 182,1 183,1 184,1/2 185,3 186,1/2 187,1
188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,1 195,1<annular or annular-biforous>
196,3 199,2 200,4 202,1/2 205<presumably>,2 206,2&3&7&10 207,4&9 209,3
210,5 211,20 212<about>,3800 213<at least>,13<?> 214,92 215,20
216<\i{}Agathidium\i0{}, \i{}Catops\i0{}, \i{}Colon\i0{}, \i{}Leiodes\i0{},
etc.> 217<\i{}Catops morio\i0{} (Dissembling Catops); \i{}Leiodes
cinnamomea\i0{} (Truffle Beetle)> 219<leiodida> 
 
# Leptinidae/
1<~ \i{}Leiodidae\i0{}-Platypsillinae p.p.> 3,2-2.5 4,1.7-1.95 5,1.6-1.9
6,1 7,1 8,3 9,2-3 11,1 14,2 15,1 16,2-3 17<brownish orange> 20,2<pubescent>
21,2 22,2 27,2 29,1 30,2<in British representatives> 36,2 39,1 40,1 42,3
43,1 44,2 45,1 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,2-3 55,11 59,1-2 65,2 68,2 69,1<widened
posteriorly> 70,0.55-0.65 71,1 72,1 75,2 77,2 79,1 80,2 81,1 82,1/2 85,1/2
86,1-2 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1/2 92,3 93,3 94,1/2 95,1 96,1 97,1 98,2/3 99,1
100,1 101,1 102,2 103,2 109,2 110,1 111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2
118,2 120,1 123,1 124,3 127,1-1.1 131,1 132,1/2 133,2 138,1 140,3 142,2
145,2 149,2 154,6 155,2 157,1 158,6 166,10<scavenging in rodents burrows
and birds nests> 168,1 171,1 173,2-3 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,3 179,2 182,1
183,1 184,1/2 185,3 186,2/3 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,1
195,1<annular> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,1 206,10<in nests of birds and mice>
207,2&10<scavenging> 209,3 210,5 211,20 212,3<or more?>
213,1<\i{}Leptinus\i0{}> 214,1<\i{}L. testaceus\i0{}> 215,1
216<\i{}Leptinus\i0{}> 218<Small beetles with long, slender antennae,
completely lacking eyes; a northern hemisphere genus of few species,
commensals with mammals.> 219<leptinid> 
 
# Limnichidae/
2<Minute Marsh-roving Beetles> 3,1.5-1.8 4,1.3-2.15 5,2.4-4.7 6,1 7,1/2 9,2
11,3 13,1 14,2 15,1 20,1/2 21,2 22,2 29,1-3 32,1/2 34,2 39,1 40,1 42,1 43,1
44,2/3 45,1 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,2 55,7/11 59<weakly>,3 61,1 65,1/2 68,1
70,0.3-0.65 71,1 72,1 77,2 79,1 80,1 81,1 82,1/2 85,1 86,3 87,1/2 89,1 90,1
91,1 92,3 93,1 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,2 98,3 99,1 100,1 101,1 103,1 105,1 108,1
109,2 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1 123,1 124,3
126,1 127,1-1.65 131,1 140,3 142,2 145,1/2 149,2 150,2 154,5 155,2/3
156,3/5 157,1 158,1 159,1/2<? - aquatic or sub-aquatic, living on the
margins of water courses> 160,3 161,2 162<if geniunely aquatic,
presumably>,2<?> 163,3 164,4<?> 167,3<on algae or bryophytes?> 168,1 169,1
171,1 173,1/1-2 174,1 175,1 176,2 177,3 178,1 179,1 180,5/6 181,2 182,2
183,1 184,2/3 185,4 186,2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,1
195,1/2<?> 196,3 197,2 199,2 200,4 202,2 204,1 206,2<usually found near
water, in damp soil or humus at the edges of ponds or streams, or in
spray-wetted littoral sand> 207,4 209,3 210,3 211,12 212<about>,270
213<about>,35 214,1<\i{}L. pygmaeus\i0{}> 215,1 216<\i{}Limnichus\i0{}>
218<The tarsi in non-British species sometimes pseudopentamerous or
tetramerous, sometimes also with lobed segments. The beetles ventral
surface exhibits cavities into which the legs can be folded> 219<limnichi> 
 
# Lucanidae/
2<Stag-beetles> 3,10-66<to 8 cm in some tropical forms> 4,1.3-2.85
5,1.65-3.2 6,1 7,1/2 9,1-3 14,2 15,3 20,1/2 21,1/2 22,1/2 27,1 29,1-2
32,1/2 34,2 35,1/2 40,1 42,2/3 43,1-3 44,1/2/3 45,1/2/3 46,1 50,1 51,2
52,2-3 53,1 54,1 55,8/10 57,1 59,3 60<openly>,1<not tightly so> 63,1/2 65,2
67,2 68,1 69,1-2 70,0.43-0.9 71,1 72,1 75,2 76,1/2 77,2 79,1-3 80<when
applicable,>,2 81,1 82,1/2 85,1 86,2 87,2 89,1 90,2 91,4 92,2/3 93,1 94,2
95,1 96,1 97,1 98,2/3 99,1<mostly>/2 100,1 101,1 103,1 109,2 110,2 111,3
113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1 121,1<this sometimes with three
or more setae>/2 123,1 124,3 127,0.87-1.95 131,1 135,1 139,1/2<usually>
140,1/2/3 141<when more than five,>,1/2-4 142,2 145,1/2 149,2 150,2 154,5-6
155,1/2 156<when present,>,2 157,1/2 158,1<\i{}Sinodendron\i0{} only>/2
167,3/4<e.g., feeding on sap, fruits or flowers?> 168,2-3 171,1 172,1 173,1
174,1 175,2 176,2 177,3/4 179,2 182,2 183,1 184,2/3 185,4 186,1 187,1 188,2
189,1<the coxae equipped on the posterior face with a stridulatory file>
190,5 192,1 193,10 194,1 195,1<these cribriform> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,2
206,3/14<e.g., under logs> 207,4 208<The stridulatory file on the mid-coxae
can be detected by scraping a fine needle along the posterior face.> 209,3
210,4 211,19 212<about>,1200 213<about>,130 214,4 215,4
216<\i{}Dorcus\i0{}, \i{}Lucanus\i0{}, \i{}Platycerus\i0{},
\i{}Sinodendron\i0{}> 217<\i{}Lucanus cervus\i0{} (Stag Beetle);
\i{}Platycerus caraboides\i0{} (Blue Lucanus, extinct in Britain?);
\i{}Sinodendron cylindricum\i0{} (Cylindrical Lucanus)> 218<The adult males
of some species can exhibit enormous mandibles, which may vary greatly in
size relative to the rest of the insect, the variation perhaps reflecting
nutritive conditions in the larval stage. Tarsi sometimes with fewer than
three segments in non-British species> 219<lucanida> 
 
# Lycidae/
1<~\i{}Telephoridae\i0{}> 2<Net-winged Beetles> 3,5-9 4,1.1-4.5 5,2.4-11.73
6,1 7,1/2 9,4 14,2 15,2 17<usually red (or reddish yellow) and black> 18,1
20,1/2 21,2 22,2 29,1-3 32,1 34,2 39,1 40,1 41,1/2 42<when present>,3
44<when mandibulate,>,1/- 45,1/- 46,1/2 50,1/2/3 51,1/2 52,2-5 55,9-11 58,2
59,1<flattened>/3/4/5 61,2 65,1 67,2 68,1 69,1-2 70,0.43-0.76 71,1 72,1
75,1/2 77,2 79,1 80,2 81,1 82,2/3/4 87,2 89,2 96,2 101,1 103,1 105,2 109,2
110,2 111,3 113,1 114,1<or fewer>/3 115,1<or fewer>/3 116,1/6 117,2
118,2<but sometimes with basal setae> 120,1/2 121,1<this with no more than
two setae>/2 123,1 124,1<or fewer>/3 126,1<but dehicent> 127,0.9-3.75
129,1/2<usually widened apically> 131,1/3 134,2 137,4<4-ribbed> 140,1/3
141<when more than five,>,4 142,2 145,1/2 149,2 150,2 154,7-8/10 155,1
157,1 158,1/12 166,1/11<commonly on \i{}Umbelliferae\i0{}>/5<or in the
soil> 167<adults feeding on nectar, or some probably not at all> 168,2
171,1 173,2-3 174,1 175,1 176,1/2 177,2 179,1 180,1 182,1 183,3 184,1 185,4
186,1 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,2 195,1<these biforous or
bilabiate> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,1/2 206,2&5 207,4/4&9<perhaps eating slime
moulds and yeasts> 209,3 210,3 211,4 213<about>,50 214,4 215,3
216<\i{}Dictyoptera\i0{}, \i{}Platycis\i0{}, \i{}Pyropterus\i0{}>
217<\i{}D. aurora\i0{}; \i{}P. minutus\i0{} (Black-neck Lycus)> 218<These
beetles are very distasteful to predators, and serve as models for numerous
insect mimics. They have characteristic soft integument, flattened form and
narrow, dehiscent elytra which are commonly coloured in combinations of
reddish or yellowish and black; and in common with \i{}Cantharidae\i0{},
\i{}Lymexylidae\i0{}, \i{}Lampyridae\i0{}, \i{}Meloidae\i0{}, some
\i{}Dermestidae\i0{}, some \i{}Melyridae\i0{} and some
\i{}Staphylinidae\i0{}, their undersides lack the usual procoxal cavities.>
219<lycidae> 
 
# Lyctidae/
1<~\i{}Bostrychidae\i0{}-Lyctinae> 2<Powder-post Beetles> 3,2.7-6
4,2.45-3.65 5,2.6-3.25 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,4 11,1 14,2 15,3 20,2 21,2 22,1/2 32,1
34,2 35,1 39,1 40,1 42,1/2 43,2/3 44,1/2 45,1/2 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,2 55,11
58,2 59,3 61,2 65,2<but head visible from above> 68,2 70,0.8-1.16 71,1
72<when present,>,1/2 77,2 79,1-2 80,2 81,1 82,3 85,1 86,2 87,2 89,1 90,2
91,4 92,2-3 93,2/3 94,2 95,3 96,1 97,1/2 98,2/3 99,1 100,2 101,1/2 103,1/2
109,2 110,2 111,1<pseudotrimerous>/3 113,1 114,2/3 115,2/3 116,1/4 117,2
118,2 120,1 123,1 124,2/3 127,1.65-2.7 131,1 138,1 140,1/3 141<when more
than five,>,5/6 142,1 145,1 149,1 150,2 154,5<the first almost as long as
the second and third together> 155,1/2 156<when present,>,2 157,1 158,7
166,3&4<in dry herb roots, and in dead wood: associated with felled oaks>
167,5<e.g., dried plant roots>/8 168,1/2 171,2 172,1 173,2-3 174,1 175,2
176,2 177,3 179,2 182,2 183,1 184,1/2 185,3 186,1 187,1 188,1 189,1 190,5
192,1 193,10 194,1 195,1<these annular> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,2 206,3&4<in
dry herb roots, and in dead wood: associated with felled oaks, seemingly
avoiding coniferous wood> 207,5&8 208<The larvae C-shaped, white, head
partly buried in the prothorax, with 3-segmented antennae, the mouthparts
directed forwards; the abdomen 10 segmented with the last one small.> 209,3
210,1 211,1 212<about>,70 213,4 214,6 215,2 216<\i{}Lyctus\i0{},
\i{}Trogoxylon\i0{}> 217<\i{}L. brunneus\i0{}, \i{}L. fuscus\i0{}>
218<Small, parallel-sided, flattened beetles, the thorax sculptured, with
longitudinal costae; notorious woodborers, destructively attacking wood
products.> 219<lyctidae> 
 
# Lymexylidae/
1<= \i{}Lymexylonidae\i0{}; including \i{}Atractoceridae\i0{}>
2<Timber-borers, Ship-timber beetles, Ambrosia beetles> 3,7-18 4,4.05-12.2
5,1.5-5.25 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,4-5 14,1-2 15,2 20,2 21,2 22,2 32,1 34,2 35,1 39,1
40,1 42,2/3 43,1/3 44,1 45,1/2 46,1 48<unique in having the penultimate
segment bearing a large, complexly multi-lobed sensory organ> 50,1 51,2
52,2 55,11 58,2 59,1<or fusiform>/4<in \i{}Hylecoetus\i0{}> 65,1/2 68,1
69,3 70,0.75-1.5 71,1/2 72<when present,>,1/2 75,2 77,2 79,1 80,2 81,1
82,2/3 83,1/2 85<when present,>,2 86<when present,>,1 87,2 89,1/2 90<when
present,>,1 91,1 92<when present,>,1 93,1-2<if present, in
\i{}Lymexylon\i0{},>/3 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,1 98,1 99,2 100,1 101,1
103,1<\i{}Lymexylon\i0{}>/2<\i{}Hylecoetus\i0{}> 109,2 110,2 111,3 113,1
114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1 121,1<this sometimes with three or more
setae> 123,1 124,3 127,1.45-4.67 128,1-2 129,2<at least, narrowly separated
towards their tips> 130<fairly>,2<in the British representatives>
131,1-3<the abdominal tip pointed> 133,1 134,2 138,1 140,3 142,2 145,1
149,2 150,2 153,- 154,5-7 155,1 157,2 158,8 167,6<causing fungal infections
on which the larvae feed>/8 168,2-3 171,1 173,1 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,3
179,2 182,1/2 183,1 184,1 185,3 186,2/3 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1
193,10 194,2 195,1<these annular or annular-multiforous> 196,3 199,2 200,4
202,2 206<in tunnels bored in the wood of weakened trees> 207,9 208<The
larvae boring into living and decaying wood; elongate, thin, cylindrical
with short but well developed legs, prognathous with 3-segmented antennae,
the sclerotized pronotum partially hooding the head.> 209,3 211,15
212<about>,40 213,7 214,2 215,2 216<\i{}Hylecoetus\i0{},
\i{}Lymexylon\i0{}> 217<\i{}H. dermestoides\i0{}; \i{}L. navale\i0{}
(Windsor Wood-borer)> 218<Elongate, soft bodied beetles. Worldwide
variation ranges from forms with elytra so short that they do not reach the
abdomen, to others in which they cover all except the terminal tergite. In
common with \i{}Cantharidae\i0{}, \i{}Meloidae\i0{}, \i{}Lampyridae\i0{},
\i{}Lycidae\i0{}, some \i{}Dermestidae\i0{}, some \i{}Melyridae\i0{} and
some \i{}Staphylinidae\i0{}, the undersides of some lymexylids lack the
usual procoxal cavities.> 219<lymexyli> 
 
# Melandryidae/
1<= \i{}Serropalpidae\i0{}; including \i{}Tetratomidae\i0{} part> 2<False
Darkling Beetles> 3,3-15 4,1.75-4.45 5,2.47-5.6 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,2-4 14,2
15,1-2 20,1/2 21,2 22,2 27,2 32,2<not prominent> 34,1/2 39,1 40,1
42,1/2<Hallomeninae> 43,1 44,2 45,1/2<some Melandryinae> 46,1
50,1/2/3<being especially variable in Melandryinae> 51,1<Osphyinae>/2
52,2-4 55,(10-)11 58,2 59,1-2 65,1/2 66,2 68,1<mostly>/2<some Melandryinae>
70,0.4-0.95 71,1 72,1/2<in some Melandryinae> 76,2 77,2 79,1/3<some
Melandryinae> 80<when applicable,>,2 81,1 82,1<some Osphyinae>/2/3 85,1
86,1/2 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1 92<variously>,1/2/3 93,1<Osphyinae>/2<some
Melandryinae>/3 94,2 95,2<some Melandryinae>/3 96,1 97,1 98,1<some
Melandryinae>/2/3 99,1<some Melandryinae>/2 100,1 101,1
103,1<Melandryinae>/2 105,2 109,3/4 110,1/2 111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1
117,2/1<some Melandryinae> 118,2 120,1/2 123,2 124,2 127,1.35-3.53 128,1
131,1 134,1 138,1<finely hairy> 140,2/3 141<when more than five,>,4/5
142,1<Hallomeninae>/2<mostly> 143,1 144,1/2<?> 145,1 149,1/2 150,1/2
151<when present,>,2 154,5 155,1/2 156<when present,>,2 157,2 158,9
165,2<?> 166,1&3&5&7<and in old wood> 168,1-3 171,1 173,1/2 174,1
175,1<Eustrophinae>/2 176,2 177,3 179,1/2 180<when present>,2<Osphyinae>/5
182,1<Eustrophinae>/2 183,1 184,1/2/3 185,3 186,1/2/3 187,1 188,2 189,1
190,5 192,1 193,9/10 194,1/1-2 195,1<these annular, annular-uniforous or
annular-biforous> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,1/2 205,2<?> 206,1&3&5&7
207<seemingy mainly>,9<commonly in fungus-infected wood polypore fruit
bodies> 209,3 210,2 211,21 212<about>,1200 213<about>,100 214,18 215,11
216<\i{}Abdera\i0{}, \i{}Anisoxya\i0{}, \i{}Conopalpus\i0{},
\i{}Hallomenus\i0{}, \i{}Hypulus\i0{}, \i{}Melandrya\i0{},
\i{}Orchesia\i0{}, \i{}Osphya\i0{}, \i{}Phloiotrya\i0{}, \i{}Xylita\i0{},
\i{}Zilora\i0{}> 217<\i{}Abdera flexuosa\i0{} (Banded Hallomenus);
\i{}Abdera biflexuosa\i0{} (Double-banded Hyplexus); \i{}Conopalpus
testaceus\i0{}; \i{}Orchesia undulata\i0{} (Banded Orchesia Jumping
Beetle); \i{}Osphya bipunctata\i0{} (Twin-spotted Nothus, and var.)>
218<Small to moderately sized, elongate-ovate beetles, bodies finely
pubescent.> 219<melandry> 
 
# Melodae/
1<= \i{}Horiidae\i0{}, including \i{}Tetraonychidae\i0{}> 2<Oil Beetles,
Blister-beetles> 3,7-32 4,1.1-7 5,0.4-5.4 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,2-4 14<abruptly>,1
15,2-3<expanded at the distal part of the abdomen, rather than waisted>
17<reddish yellow, or greenish-, violet- or bluish-black> 18,1/2 20,1/2
21,1/2 22,2 27,1/2 29,1-3 32,1/2 34,2 39,1 40,1 42,1 43,1-3 44,1/2 45,1/2
46,1/2<some Nemognathinae> 47,1/2 50,1/2 51,1/2 52,2-3 55,6-11 58,2 59,1
65,1 67,2 68,1 69,1 70,0.47-1.6 71,2 75,1 77,2 79,1-3 80<when applicable>,2
81,1 82,1/2/3/4 83,1/2 85<when present,>,2 86<when applicable,>,1 87,2
89,1/2 90<when applicable,>,1 91,1 92<when present,>,1 93,1-2/3 94,2 95,1
96,1 97,1 98,1 99,2 100,1 101,1 103,1 105,2 109,3 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,3
115,3 116,1 117,2 118,1/2 119<when present,>,1/2/3 120,1/2/3<often with a
sclerotized, blade-like process beneath each claw> 121,1<this with no more
than two setae>/2 123,2 124,2 127,0.35-3.3 128,1-2 129,2<their apices well
separated> 130,1/2<often> 131,1-3 133,2 134,2 140,3 142,2 145,1/2 149,2
150,2 154,5-7 155,1 157,2 158,9 165,2 166,1<in grassy places and on trees>
167<mostly>,3 168,2-3 171,1/2 172,1/2 173,1/2 174,1 175,2 176,2
177,1<coarctate forms>/3<grubs> 179,1<grubs>/2<coarctate forms> 180<when
present,>,1 182,1<coarctate forms and some grubs>/2<some grubs> 183,1 184,1
185,0<coarctate>/3<grubs> 186,1<coarctate>/1-2<grubs> 187,1<in grubs>/2<in
coarctate forms> 188<in grubs,>,2 189,1<in grubs>/2<coarctate> 190<of
grubs,>,3/5 192,1 193,9<coarctate>/10 194,1 195,1<annular> 196,3 199,2
200,4 202,2 205,1 206<in bees' nests, eating the eggs, honey and pollen
stores, but the family is also associated with egg caches of grasshoppers>
208<The larvae are heteromorpic (cf. Rhipophoridae), with the first instar
triangulin, the second caraboid, the third and fourth scarabaeoid, the
fifth coarctate (the over-wintering non-grub stage, which lacks functional
mouthparts), and the sixth scolytoid.> 209,3 210,2 211,21 212<about>,7500
213<about>,120 214,9 215,3 216<\i{}Lytta\i0{}, \i{}Melo\i0{},
\i{}Sitaris\i0{} (\i{}Apalus\i0{})> 217<\i{}M. brevicollis\i0{}
(Short-necked Oil-beetle); \i{}A. muralis\i0{} (Bees'-nest Beetle)>
218<Moderate-sized beetles with rather soft integument, with some overseas
species having maxillae are adapted for absorbing nectar. Secretors of the
defensive blistering agent, cantharidin. In common with
\i{}Cantharidae\i0{}, \i{}Lymexylidae\i0{}, \i{}Lampyridae\i0{},
\i{}Lycidae\i0{}, some \i{}Dermestidae\i0{}, some \i{}Melyridae\i0{} and
some \i{}Staphylinidae\i0{}, the undersides of some meloids lack the usual
procoxal cavities.> 219<meloidae> 
 
# Melyridae/
1<including \i{}Attalomimidae\i0{}, \i{}Carphurida\i0{}e,
\i{}Dasytidae\i0{}, \i{}Gietellidae\i0{}, \i{}Malachiidae\i0{},
\i{}Rhadalidae\i0{}> 2<Soft-winged Flower Beetles> 3,1.4-8 4,1.5-5.55
5,0.55-5.45 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,4-5 11,1 14,1-2 15,2-3 20,1/2 21,1/2 22,2 32,1/2
34,1/2 39,1 40,1 42,3 43,1-3 44,1/2 45,1/2 46,1 50,1/2/3<some Rhadalinae
only> 51,1/2 52,2-3 55,9-11 58,1/2 59,1/4 65,1 68,1 69,1/2 70,0.55-1.52
71,1/2<some Malachiinae> 72<when present,>,1/2 75,1/2 77,2 79,1 80,2 81,1
82,2/3 83,1/2<in some Malachiinae> 85<when present,>,1/2 86<when
applicable,>,1-2 87,2 89,1/2<some Malachiinae> 90<when applicable,>,1 91,1
92<when present,>,1/2 93,1/2<some Rhadalinae> 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,1 98,1/2
99,1/2 100,1 101,1 103,1/2 109,2 110,1/2 111,1/3 113,1/2 114,3 115,3
116,1/2/3 117,2/1<some Melachiinae> 118,1/2 119<when present,>,1
120,1/2<toothed or with a fleshy appendage beneath> 123,1 124,3
127,0.48-4.4 129,1 130,1/2 131,1-3 134<rather>,2 137,5 139,2 140,3 142,2
145,1/2 149<variously>,1/2 150,2 154,6-7 155,1/2 156<when present,>,2 157,2
158,8 165,1<some, perhaps>/2 166,1&11<often around trees or bushes> 167<at
least some feeding on pollen> 168,1/2 171,1 173,2 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,3
179,1 180,1-5 182,1 183,1 184,2 185,3 186,1/2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1
193,10 194,2 195,1<these annular> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,1
205<probably>,1/1&2<?> 206,2&3&5 207<all supposedly predatory and/or
scavenging> 208<The larvae are said to resemble those of
\i{}Cleridae\i0{}.> 209,3 210,2 211,7 212<at least>,550 213<about>,60<?>
214,22 215,10 216<\i{}Anthocomus\i0{} (\i{}Malachiidae\i0{}),
\i{}Aplocnemus\i0{} (\i{}Dasytidae\i0{}), \i{}Axinotarsus\i0{}
(\i{}Malachiideae\i0{}), \i{}Cerapheles\i0{} (\i{}Malachiidae\i0{}),
\i{}Dasytes\i0{} (\i{}Dasytidae\i0{}), \i{}Dolichosoma\i0{},
\i{}Ebaeus\i0{}, \i{}Hypebaeus\i0{} and \i{}Malachius\i0{}
(\i{}Malachiidae\i0{}), \i{}Psilothrix\i0{}> 217<\i{}Malachius
marginellus\i0{} (Spined Soft-beetle)> 218<Adults small, rather
soft-bodied, elongate and flattened, sometimes lacking procoxal cavities.
Differing further from Cantharidae in the firmly sclerotized labrum.>
219<melyrida> 
 
# Merophysiidae/
1<~\i{}Endomychidae\i0{}-Merophysiinae> 3,1-1.7 4,1.4-2.5 5,1.9-2.65 6,1/2
7,1/2 9,3 14,2 15,3 17<brown or yellowish> 20,1/2 21,2 22,2 32,1/2 34,2
35,2 40,1 42,1 44,2 45,1/2/3 46,1 52,2 55,11 58,2 59,3<the club elongate>
65,1/2 68,1/2 70,0.4-1.05 71,1 72,1 77,2 79,1-2/3 80<when applicable,>,2
81,1 82,2/3 85,1 86,1-3 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1-2 92,2/3 93,3 94,1/2 95,3 100,2
101,2 103,2 105,2 109,7 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,1 115,1 116,5 117,2 118,2
120,1 123,1 124,1 127,1-1.75 131,1 134,1 135,1 137,5 138,2 139,2<at least,
with a well marked sutural stria only> 140,3 142,2 145,1/2 148,1/2 149,2
150,1 151,2 154,5-6 155,1 157,2 158,8 166,2&7 167,9<on moulds> 168,1 171,1
173,2 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,3 179,2 182,1 183,1 184,2 185,3 186,2/3 187,1
188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,1 195,1<annular> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,2
206,2&7 207,9<on moulds> 209,3 211,8 213,12 214,3 215,1
216<\i{}Holoparamecus\i0{} Curtis> 219<merophys> 
 
# Mordellidae/
2<Tumbling Flower-beetles, Pintail beetles> 3,2-9 4,2.3-4.7 5,2.2-3.75 6,1
7,1 9,4 11,3<characteristically humped forward, and smoothly tapered to the
uncovered tip of the abdomen> 14,1 15,1-2 20,2 21,2 22,1/2 27,2 32,2 34,2
35,1 39,1 40,1 42,1/2 44,1 45,2 46,1 50,2/3 51,1/2 52,2 55,11 58,2 59,1-2/3
61,7<elongate, serrate> 65,2 68,1 70,0.45-1.1 71,1 72,1 77,2 79,1 80,2 81,1
82,1/2/3/4 85,1 86,1-2 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,2 93,1-2 94,2 95,2/3 96,1
97,2 98,3 99,2 100,1 101,1 102,1 103,1 105,2 109,3 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,3
115,3 116,1 117,2 118,1/2 119<when present,>,1 120,3<serrate or pectinate
beneath, and each with a sclerotized process> 123,2 124,2 127,1.55-2.53
129,1 130,1 131,2<the exposed 1-2 tergites narrow-tapered to the exposed,
long-pointed abdominal tip> 138,1 140,3 142,2 145,1 149,2 150,2 153,1 154,5
155,1 157,2 158,9/12 166,1&11<and on tree trunks> 167,3<e.g., feeding on
pollen> 168,1/2 171,1 173,1 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,1-3 179,1/2 180<when
present,>,1-3 182,2 183,1 184,1 185,2/3 186,1/2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,3/4
192,1 193,10 194,2 195,1<these annular> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,1/2 205,1<or
parasitic, according to Britton, 1970>/2<?> 206,1/3/7<e.g., in polypore
fruit bodies> 207<if not predatory,>,3<leaf- or stem-mining recorded in
\i{}Mordellistena\i0{}>/- 209,3 210,2 211,21 212<about>,1500 214,10 215,3
216<\i{}Mordella\i0{}, \i{}Mordellistena\i0{}, \i{}Tomoxia\i0{}>
217<\i{}Mordellistena abdominalis\i0{} (Red-bodied Mordella)> 218<Small to
medium sized beetles with deflexed heads, characteristically humped and
smoothly tapered behind to a long, stout spine. Protectively tumbling in
series of rapid jumps when alarmed.> 219<mordelli> 
 
# Mycetophagidae/
2<Hairy Fungus-beetles> 3,1.1-6 4,1.3-3 5,2.32-4 6,1/2 7,1/2 9<broadly>,2-4
14,2 15,1-2 17<brown or dark brown, sometimes with orange markings> 18,1/2
20,1/2 21,2 22,2 32,1 34,1/2 35,2 39,1 40,1 42,1 43,1 44,2 45,1/2 46,1
50,1/2 51,2 52,2 55,11 58,1/2<?> 59,2-3 61,2/3 65,1/2 68,1 69,1
70,0.38-0.91 71,1 72,1 75,2 77,2 79,1 80,1 81,1 82,2/3 85,1 86,2 87,2 89,1
90,1 91,1 92,2/3 93,2/3 94,1/2 95,2 96,1 97,1 98,2 99,1 100,1 101,1 103,2
105,2 109,4 110,2 111,3<but the first and fourth segments longer than the
second and third> 113,1/2 114,1<sometimes, in males>/2 115,1/2 116,3/5
117,2 118,2 120,1/2 123,1 124,1/2 127,1.16-1.97 131,1 137,5 138,1<with
semi-erect pubescence> 139<finely punctate->,1 140,1/3 141<when more than
five,>,4/5 142,2 143,1 144,2 145,1/2 148,1 149,2 150,1/2 151<if present,>,2
152,9 154,5 155,1 157,2 158,9 166,2&3&7&13<in mouldy materials> 167,9
168,1/2 171,1 173,2 174,1 175,1/2 176,2 177,3 179,1 180,4/5 182,1 183,1
184,2 185,3 186,2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,2 195,1<these
annular, annular-uniforous or annular-biforous> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,1
206,2&3&7&13 207,3/4/5/9<mostly associated with moulds and rotting fungal
fruit bodies, with species of \i{}Litargus\i0{} and \i{}Typhaea\i0{}
ocurring in stored products, but some family members feed on pollen>
208<The larvae subcylindrical with well developed legs, the exserted head
with 4 to 6 pairs of ocelli, the abdomen 9-segmented.> 209,3 210,2 211,21
212<about>,200 213,18 214,12 215,5 216<\i{}Litargus\i0{},
\i{}Mycetophagus\i0{}, \i{}Pseudotriphyllus\i0{}, \i{}Triphyllus\i0{},
\i{}Typhaea\i0{}> 217<\i{}Mycetophagus piceus\i0{} (Orange-spotted
Fungus-eater); \i{}Mycetophagus multipunctatus\i0{}; \i{}Typhaea
stercorea\i0{}> 218<Very small, broadly ovate, brown or dark brown beetles
with semi-erect pubescence. The antennae sometimes borne on raised
tubercles.> 219<mycetoph> 
 
# Mycteridae/
1<~ \i{}Pythidae\i0{}> 3,3-12<?> 4,1.95-2.2 5,1.9-5.5 6,2 7,2 8,3 9,2-3
11,2-3 14,2 15,2-3 16,3 20,1/2 21,2 22,2 26,1 27,1 29,1 32,1 34,2 35,1 36,2
39,1 40,1 42,2 43,1 44,1/2 45,2/2 46,1 50,2 51,1/2 52,2 55,11 58,2 59,1
65,1 66,2 68,1 69,1-2<widest posteriorly> 70,0.6-0.85 71,1 72,2 77,2 79,1
80,1 81,1 82,1 85,1/2 86,1 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,2 92,2 93,3 94,2 95,2 96,1
97,1 98,2/3 99,1 100,2 101,1 103,2 105,2 109,3 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,3
115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,2 121,2 123,2 124,2 127,1.48-1.63 131,1 133,2
139,2<apunctate or irregularly punctate> 140,3 142,2 143,1 144,1 145,1
149,2 150,1/2 151<if present,>,2 154,5 155,2 156,3<4 connte with 3 and 5>
157,2 158,9 165,2<?> 166,11 168,2-3<?> 171,1 173,3 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,3
179,1 180,2/5 182,1 183,1 184,2/3 185,3 186,2/3 187,1 188,1/2 189,1 190,5
192,1 193,10 194,2 195,1<these annular or annular-multiforous> 196,3 199,2
200,4 202,1 206<usuallu found>,5 207,4&7<?> 209,3 210,2 211,21
212<about>,50 214,1<\i{}M. curculionoides\i0{}> 215,1
216<\i{}Mycterus\i0{}> 219<mycterid> 
 
# Nemonychidae/
1<\i{}Cimberididae\i0{}, \i{}Rhinomaceridae\i0{}> 2<Pine Weevils> 3,3-5
4,2.5-3.4 5,2.25-3.15 6,2 7,2 8,3<the elytra parallel-sided> 9,4 14,2 15,3
16,2 17<pitchy black, covered with light yellow or orange hairs> 18,1 20,2
21,2 22,2 26,1<this long> 29,1 32,1 34,1/2 39,1<distinguishable as a
separate segment from the clypeus> 40,1 42,2 43,2/3 44,1 45,1/2 46,1 48,1
50,1 51,2 52,3-4 54,2 55,11 56,2 58,2 59,2 65,2 68,1 69,2 70,0.8-1.2 71,2
75,1 77,2 79,1 80,2 81,1 82,2/3 83,1 84,1/2 85<when not interrupted,>,2
86<when not interrupted,>,1-2 87,2 89,1 90,2 91,3 92,1 93,3 94,2 95,3 96,1
97,1 98,2 99,1 100,2 101,1 103,1/2 105,2 109,4 110,1 111,1 113,1
114,2/3<depending on interpretation> 115,2/3 116,2 117,1 118,2 120,1/2
123,1 124,2/3 127,1.5-2.05 131,1 132,2 133,2 138,1<with yellow or orange
hairs> 139,2 140,1/3 141<when more than five,>,4/5 142,1 145,1/2 149,1
150,2 154,5 155,1 157,2 158,8 166,1<on conifers> 167,3<on pollen of
conifers> 168,1/2 171,1 172,1/2 173,1<mostly>/2 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,1
179,1 180,1 182,1 183,2 184,2 185,3 186,1 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,1 192,1
193,10 194,1 195,1<these annular-biforous> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,2 206,1
207,3<associated with pollen of softwoods> 209,3 211,9 213<about>,25<?>
214,1<\i{}C. attelaboides\i0{}> 215,1 216<\i{}Rhinomacer\i0{}, =
\i{}Cimberis\i0{}> 218<Adults with the labrum separate from the clypeus.>
219<nemonych> 
 
# Nitidulidae/
1<including \i{}Kateretidae\i0{}; = \i{}Cybocephalidae\i0{}> 2<Sap beetles>
3,1.4-8 4,1.2-5.4 5,1.38-2.75 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,2 10,1/2 11,1 14,2 15,1-2 16,3
17<brown or black> 20,1/2 21,1/2 22,1/2 27,1/2 29,1-3 32,1/2 34,1/2 39,1/2
40<if recognized as such,>,1/- 42,1/2/3 43,1-3 44<variously>,1/2/3 45,1/2/3
46,1<\i{}Kateretidae\i0{}>/2<the rest> 50,1 51,2 52,2-5 54,2 55,(9-)11 57,2
58,1 59<strongly>,3 61,3<transversely> 65,1/2 67,2 68,1/2 69,1 70,0.35-1.18
71,1 72,1 75,2 77,2 79,1 80,2 81,1 82,1/2 85,1 86,2/3 87,2 89,1 90,1/2
91,1/2/3/4 92,2-3 93,1 94,1/2 95,2/3 96,1 97,1/2 98,2 99,1/2
100,1<\i{}Kateretidae\i0{}>/2 101<variously>,1/2 103,2 105,2 109,4 110,1
111,1/3 113,1 114,2/3 115,2/3 116,1/2/3 117<variously>,2/1 118,2 120,1/2
121,1<this with no more than two setae>/2 123,1 124,2/3 127,0.68-1.9
131,1-3 133<strongly>,1 140,1/2/3 141<when more than five,>,1/2-5/6<some
Cryptarchinae only> 142,2 143,1 144,2 145,1/2 149,1/2 150,2 154,5 155,1
157,2 158,8 165<variously>,1/2 166,1/11<often in or on them> 167<when
non-predatory,>,3<often feeding on pollen or nectar, decaying vegetable
matter, tree sap or over-ripe fruit>/9 168,1/2 171,1/2 173,1-2/3 174,1/2
175,1/2 176,2 177,3 179,1 180,2-4 182,1 183,1/2/3 184,1/2 185,3 186,1/2
187,1 188,1 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,1/1-2 195,1<these
annular-biforous> 196,2/3 199,2 200,4 202,1/2 205,1<a few, e.g.
\i{}Carpophilus\i0{} spp. on scale insects>/2<mainly saprophagous>
206<variously>,1&11/2/7/9 207,1/2/3<e.g., Meligethinae inhabiting flowers
and eating pollen>/4/9<e.g., many consuming spores and fruit bodies of
mushrooms, polypores, etc.> 208<Larvae subcylindrical, white, with small
prognathous head.> 209,3 211,8 213<about>,25<?> 214,96 215,18
216<\i{}Brachypteru\i0{}s and \i{}Brachpterolus\i0{}
(\i{}Kateretidae\i0{}), \i{}Carpophilus\i0{}, \i{}Cryptarcha\i0{},
\i{}Epuraea\i0{}, \i{}Glischrochilus\i0{}, \i{}Kateretes\i0{}
(\i{}Kateretidae\i0{}), \i{}Meligethes\i0{}, \i{}Nitudula\i0{},
\i{}Omostia\i0{}, etc.> 217<\i{}Cryptarcha undulata\i0{} (Spotted
Strongylus); \i{}Glischrochilus quadripunctatus\i0{} (4 Orange-spotted
Ips); \i{}Soronia punctatissima\i0{}; \i{}Omostia colon\i0{}> 219<nitiduli>
 
# Nosodendridae/
1<family name listed by neither Kloet and Hincks nor Unwin> 2<Wounded-tree
beetles> 3<about>,5 4,1.43-1.56 5,4-4.8 6,1 7,1/2 9,2 11,3 13<with the legs
semi-contractile> 14,2 15,1 16,3<retracting firmly into cavities in the
ventral body surface, cf. \i{}Byrrhidae\i0{}> 20,1/2 21,2 22,1/2 27,2 32,2
34,2 35,1 39,1 40,1 42,1 43,1 44,1 45,1/2 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,1-2 55,11
59,3<and with segment 3 unusually elongate> 61,3<tomentose> 63,1 65,2 68,1
69,1 70,0.31-0.35 71,1 72,1 75,1/2 77,2 79,1 80,1 81,1 82,1 85,1 86,2/3
87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,2 93,1 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,1/2 98,3 99,1 100,1 101,1
103,2 104,1 105,1<with a sharp-edged declivity or hollow> 109,2 110,2 111,3
113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1 123,1 124,3 127,1.14-1.28 131,1
134,1 135,1 140,1/3 141<when more than five,>,5 142,2 145,1 149,1 150,2
154,5 155,1 157,1 158,1 166,5<feeding on fermentation products?> 168,2
171,1/2 173,2 174,1 175,1 176,2 177,3 179,1 180,5 182,2 183,1 184,1 185,3
186,2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,9 194,3 195,1<these
annular-biforous> 196,1/2 199,2 200,1 202,2 206,2&3&5<associated with
wounded trees> 207<seemingly feeding on bacteria and slime fluxes
associated with fermentation> 209,3 213,2<\i{}Nosodendron\i0{},
\i{}Nosotetocus\i0{}> 214,1<?> 215,1<?> 216<\i{}Nosodendron\i0{}> 217<the
mainland-European \i{}Nosodendron fasciculare\i0{} (Tufted Nosodendron),
the probably adventive mainland-European species illustrated by Curtis>
219<nosodend> 
 
# Noteridae/
1<= \i{}Dytiscidae\i0{} part; including \i{}Phreatodytidae\i0{}>
2<Burrowing Water-beetles> 3,3.5-5 4,1.38-2.1 5,2.05-3.75 6,1/2 7,1/2 14,2
17<yellowish- or reddish-brown> 20,1/2 21,2 22,2 23,2 29,1 32,2 34,2 35,1
39,1 40,1 42,3 43,2/3 44,2/3 45,1 46,1 50,1 51,1 52,2 55,11 59<more or
less>,1<but somewhat thickened, the segments varying in shape and somewhat
produced on the inner side and the fifth somewhat dilated in the male> 65,2
67,2 68,2 69,1 70,0.4-0.65 71,1 72,1 75,2 77,1 79,3 85,1 86,3/4 87,2 89,1
90,1 91,1 92,3 93,3 94,2 95,3 96,1 97,1-2 98,3 99,1 100,1 101,1 102,1<and
with characteristic, conspicuous inner longitudinal plates covering the
articulations of the trochanters> 103,1 104,2 107,1 109,2 110,2 111,3 113,1
114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1 122,1 123,1 124,3 125,1 127,0.92-1.56
131,1 135,1 140,1/3 141<when more than five,>,1/2 142,2 145,1/2 149,2 150,2
154,4-6 155,1/2 156<when present,>,2/3 157,1 158,5 159,1 160,1 161<diving
and>,1 162,1<respiring via the terminal pair of spiracles, cf.
\i{}Dytiscidae\i0{}> 163,1 164,1 165,1/2<?> 168,1/2 169,1 171,1 173,1/2
174,1 175,2 176,2 177,4 178,2 179,1 180,6 181,2 182,1 183,3 184,1 185,3
186,1 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,6 192,1 193,9 194,3 195,1<these annular>/2
196,3 197,2 199,2 200,1 202,1 204,1 205<probably>,1<but not digesting
extra-orally> 209,1 211,5 212<about>,230 213,12<especially tropical> 214,2
215,1 216<\i{}Noterus\i0{}> 217<\i{}N. clavicornis\i0{} (Marsham's Noterus
Water-beetle)> 218<Beetles dorsally very convex and boat-shaped, the
scutellum invisible; burrowing in ponds and marshes.> 219<noterida> 
 
# Oedemeridae/
2<False Blister-beetles> 3,5-17 4,2.4-4.9 5,3.1-7.2 6,2 7,1/2 8,1 9,4 14,2
15,2-3 16,1 17<usually pale yellowish brown, sometimes with darker pattern
or spots> 20,2 21,2 22,2 27,1 29,1 32,1 34,2 39,1 40,1 42,1/2 44,1/2
45,1/2/3 46,1 50,1/2/3 51,1/2 52,2-4 55,11(-12)<long> 58,2 59,1 65,1/2 68,1
69,3 70,0.72-2.2 71,2 75,1 77,2 79,1-2 80<if applicable,>,2 81,1 82,1/2/3
83,1 85,2 86,1 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,1 93,2/3 94,1/2 95,2 96,1 97,1 98,1
99,1/2 100,1 101,1 103,1 105,2 109,3 110,1<penultimate segments bilobed and
spongy beneath> 111,3<basal segment long> 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2
118,2 120,1/2 123,2 124,2 127,1.85-4.3 128,1 129,2 130,1-2/3 131,2<and
proximally rounded> 133,2 134<rather>,2 137<always>,4 138,1<finely and
uniformly pubescent> 140,3 142,2 145,1/2 149,2 150,1/2 151<when present,>,2
154,5-6 155,2 156,2 157,2 158,9 165,2 166,1/5/11 167,3<e.g., pollen
feeders> 168,2-3 171,1 173,1 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,3 179,1/2 180<when
present,>,2/5 182,1 183,1 184,2/3 185,3 186,2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1
193,10 194,1 195,1<these annular or annular-multiforous> 196,3 199,2 200,4
202,2 206<mostly>,3<including driftwood and marine timbers>/1 207,7/3<with
some feeding on roots or stems of herbaceous plants> 209,3 210,2 211,21
212<about>,1500 213<about>,100 214,8 215,5 216<\i{}Chrysanthia\i0{},
\i{}Ischnomera\i0{}, \i{}Nacerdes\i0{}, \i{}Oedemera\i0{},
\i{}Oncomera\i0{}> 217<\i{}Ischnomera sanguinicollis\i0{} (Red-and-Green
Oedemera)> 218<Slender, parallel-sided beetles, with rather soft integument
and fine uniform pubescence; often coastal. The cosmopolitan \i{}Nacerdes
melanura\i0{} breeds in warves and old ships timbers.> 219<oedemeri> 
 
# Peltidae/
1<~\i{}Trogossitidae\i0{}-Peltinae> 3,5-7 5,2.6-3 6,2 7,2 9,1-2 10,1 11,1
14,2 15,3 20,1/2 21,1/2<?> 22,1/2<?> 32,1/2 34,1/2 39,1 40,1 42,1 44,2
45,1<\i{}Thymalus\i0{}>/2 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,1-2 54,1<on the somewhat
elongate scape>/- 55,11 57,1/- 58<somewhat>,1/- 59,3 61<loosely>,3
65,1/2<?> 68,1 70,0.5-0.7 71,1 72,1 77,2 79,1 80,1 81,1 82,2/3 83,1 85,1
86,2/3<at least in \i{}Thymalus\i0{}> 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,2/3 93,1 94,2
95,1 96,1 97,1 98,3 99,1 100,1 101,1 103,1 109,2/4 110,1/2 111,2/3<?> 113,1
114,2/3 115,2/3 116,1/3 118,2 123,1 124,2/3 140,3 142,2 145,1 149,1 150,2
154,5/6<?> 157,2<?> 158,8 165<presumably>,2 167,9<associated with bracket
fungi> 168,2 171,1 173,2 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,3 179,1/2 180<when
present,>,3/5 182,1/2<\i{}Thymalus\i0{}> 183,1 184,2 185,3/4
186,1/2<\i{}Thymalus\i0{}> 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,2
195,1<these annular-biforous> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,1 206,7 207,9<found in
bracket fungi> 209,3 210,2 211,7 212<about>,50 213<about>,20 214,2 215,2
216<\i{}Ostoma\i0{}, \i{}Thymalus\i0{}> 217<\i{}Thymalus limbatus\i0{}
(Rust-coloured Thymalus)> 219<peltidae> 
 
# Phalacridae/
1<including \i{}Phaenocephalidae\i0{}> 2<Shining Flower-beetles> 3,1.5-3
4,1.15-1.93 5,2.6-3.85 6,1 7,1/2 9<broadly>,2 10,1 11<dorsally>,3<but flat
beneath> 14,2 15,1 16,3 20,1 21,2 22,2 27,2 32,2 34,2 39,1 40,1 42,1 44,2
45,1/2 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,2-4 55,11 57,2 58,1<enlarged and triangular> 59,3
61,3 65,1/2 68,1 69,1 70,0.26-0.5 71,1 72,1 75,2 77,2 79,1 80,1 81,1 82,2
85,1 86,2-3/4 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,2/3 93,3 94,1/2 95,2 96,1 97,2 98,3
99,1 100,2 101,1 103,2 105,2 109,4 110,1 111,1/3<segment four greatly
reduced, the first three broad and lobed below> 113,1 114,2/3 115,2/3
116,1/3 117,2 118,2 120,2<appendiculate, or with a basal tooth> 123,1/2
124,2/3 127,0.9-1.5 131,1 134,1 135<very>,1 138,2 139,1/2<but usually with
distinct sutural striae towards the rear> 140,1/2/3 141<when more than
five,>,1/2-3 142,2 143,1 144,1 145,1/2 149,1 150,2 154,5 155,1 157,2
158,8/9 166,1&7&11<commonly in those of \i{}Compositae\i0{}>
167,3&9<favouring pollen and smuts> 168,1/2 171,1 173,2/3 174,1 175,1/2
176,2 177,3 179,1 180,6 182,1/2 183,1/2 184,2/3 185,3 186,2 187,1 188,2
189,1 190,5 192,1 193,9 194,2 195,1<these annular, annular-uniforous or
annular-biforous> 196,2<on segments 1 and 8>/3 199,2 200,4 202,1
206<commonly>,1&11 207,3&9<e.g., in heads of \i{}Compositae\i0{}, eating
pollen and smuts> 208<The larvae rather onisciform, whitish, with
3-segmented antennae, 2 to 5 pairs of ocelli on each side and well
developed legs; abdomen 9-segmented.> 209,3 211,8 212<about>,640
213<about>,50 214,16 215,3 216<\i{}Olibrus\i0{}, \i{}Phalacrus\i0{},
\i{}Stilbus\i0{}> 218<very small, broadly oval and strongly convex beetles,
the surface glabrous and polished.> 219<phalacri> 
 
# Phloiophilidae/
1<= \i{}Phloeophilidae\i0{}> 3,2.3-2.6 4,1.9-2.3 5,3.55-3.8 6,1 7,1 9,4
11,2/3 14,1-2 15,3 17<thorax black, elytra with dark markings> 20,2 21,2
22,2 32,1 34,2 35,1 39,1 40,1 42,3 43,1 44,2 45,2 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,2 55,11
59,3 65,1 68,1 70,0.56-0.6 71,1 72,1 77,2 79,1 80,2 81,1 82,2/3 85,1 86,1-2
87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,2 93,1 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,1 98,2 99,1 100,1 101,1
103,1 109,2 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1 123,1
124,3 127,1.5-1.85 131,1 138,1<slightly hairy> 140,3 142,2 145,1/2 149,1
150,2 154,5 155,1 157,2 158,8 166,1&6<e.g., on lichen-covered branches of
oak trees>/7 167,9<associated with fruit bodies of wood-rotting
meruliaceous fungi> 168,2 171,1 173,2 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,3 179,1 180,5/6
182,2 183,1 184,2 185,3 186,2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,2
195,1<these annular-biforous> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,1 206,7 207,9<asociated
with meruliaceous fungal fruit bodies, cf. the adults> 209,3 210,2 211,7
212,1 213,1 214,1<\i{}P. edwardsi\i0{}> 215,1 216<\i{}Phloiophilus\i0{}>
218<The elytra strongly punctured.> 219<phloioph> 
 
# Platypodidae/
1<~\i{}Curculionidae\i0{}-Platypodinae> 2<Pinhole Bark-borers> 3,5-8
4,2.5-4.15 5,1.6-2.45 6,1 7,1 9,4 11,4 14,2 15,3 20,1/2 21,2 22,2 29,2-3
32,2 34,2 35,1 39,2 42,3 43,3 44,1 45,1/2 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,1 54,1 55,6
57,1 59,3 61,3/4 65,1/2 67,2 68,2 70,1.05-1.67 71,1/2 72<if present,>,2
77,2 79,1 80,2 81,1 82,1/2 83,1 84,1/2 85<when not interrupted,>,1 86,2
87,2 89,1 90,2 91,4 92,1/3 93,3 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,1 98,2/3 99,1 100,2 101,1
103,1 105,2 109,2 110,2 111,3<the third segment not being bilobed and the
fourth small but clearly visible; tarsi usually long, the basal segment
longer than the others combined> 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,1 118,2 123,1
124,3 127,1.55-2.95 131,1 140,1/3 141<when more than five,>,1/2 142,2 145,1
149,2 150,2 154,5 155,1 157,2 158,11 166,1/3<tunnelling in oak, beech, ash>
168,2 169,4 171,1/2 172,1/2 173,1 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,1 179,1/2 180<when
present,>,1/2 181,2 182,1/2 183,1 184,1/2/3 185,1/2 186,1/2/3 187,1 188,1/2
189,2 190,0 192,- 193,10 194,1 195,1<these annular, annular-uniforous or
annular-biforous> 196,3 199,2 200,4 206,3/5 207<associated with galleries
in felled oak, beech and ash> 208<The larvae C-shaped, without legs, with
small 1-segmented antennae.> 209,3 211,9 212<about>,1000<mostly tropical>
214,2 215,1 216<\i{}Platypus\i0{}> 217<\i{}P. cylindrus\i0{} (Cylindric
Ambrosia Beetle)> 218<Adults with more or less circular eyes, and the
abdomen longer than the metathorax.> 219<platypod> 
 
# Pselaphidae/
1<\i{}Clavigeridae\i0{}, \i{}Staphylinidae\i0{}-Pselaphinae> 3,1-3 4,1.5-10
5,0.9-2 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,2-4 14,1 15,2-3 17<reddish or yellowish> 20,1/2 21,2
22,1/2 29,1-2 32,1/2 34,1/2 35,2 36,1 37,2 39,1/2 40<where recorded,>,1/-
42,2/3 43,2/3 44,1 45,1/2/3 46,1/2 50<variously>,1/2/3/4<or uniquely, oddly
shaped: enlarged in Pselaphinae, much reduced in Clavigerinae> 51,2 52,1-4
55<thick,>,(3-)5<commonly>/6-10/11 59,3 61,3 65,1/2 67,1/2 68,1/2 69,2
70,0.85-1.3 71,1/2 72<if present,>,2 75,1-2 77,2 79,1-2/3 80<when
applicable,>,1/2 81,1 82,1/2 83,1/2 85<when present,>,2 86,1 87,2 89,1 90,1
91,1 92,1 93,3 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,1/2 98,1/2/3 99,1 100,1/2 101,1/2 103,1
109,7/12 111,2/3 112,1/2 113<when present,>,1/2 114,1<or fewer> 115,1 116,5
117,2 118,2 120,1 121,2 123,1 124,1 127,0.6-1.1 129,1 130,2<leaving most of
the abdomen exposed, cf. \i{}Staphylinidae\i0{}> 131,2-3 133,1 140,3 142,2
145,1/2 149,2 150,2 154,5/6 155,1 157,1/2 158,6 165,1<especially on
Springtails> 166,2&3&5&10&12<with the Clavigerinae specialized for life in
ants nests> 168,1 171,1 173,2 174,1/2 175,2 176,2 177,2/3 179,1/2 180<when
present,>,1-3 182,1 183,3 184,1 185,3 186,1 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1
193,10 194,1 195,1<these annular> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,1/2 205,1
206,2&3&5&10&12<and in ants' nests>/- 209,3 210,5 211,20
212<about>,9000-10000<especially diverse in the tropics> 214,51 215,19
216<\i{}Batrisodes\i0{}, \i{}Bibloporus\i0{}, \i{}Bibloplectus\i0{},
\i{}Brachygluta\i0{}, \i{}Bryaxis\i0{}, \i{}Claviger\i0{},
\i{}Bythinus\i0{}, \i{}Euplectus\i0{}, \i{}Pselaphaulax\i0{},
\i{}Rybaxis\i0{}, Trichonyx, \i{}Tychus\i0{}, etc.> 217<\i{}Bryaxis
puncticollis\i0{} (Punctured-necked Pselaphus); \i{}Trichonyx
sulcicollis\i0{} (Carlisle Pselaphus)> 218<Adults distinguished from all
except \i{}Staphylinidae\i0{} s. stricto by the much abbreviated elytra,
and readily distinguished from them by the dorsoventrally inflexible
abdomen, and often in having both the antennae and the palps clubbed.>
219<pselaphi> 
 
# Psephenidae/
1<~ \i{}Dascillidae\i0{}s. lat., \i{}Eubriidae\i0{}-Eubriinae>
2<Water-pennies, referring to the larvae> 3,1.5-2 4,1.35-1.77 5,2.8-4.57
6,1 7,1/2 9,2 11,3 14,2 15,1 17<black or dark brown> 20,2 21,2 22,2 29,1-2
32,1 34,2 35,1 39,2 42,3 43,3 44,1 45,1 46,1 50,2 51,1 52,4 55,11 58,2
59<finely>,4 68,1 69,1 70,0.3-0.55 71,1 72,1 73,1 75,2 77,2 79,1 80,1 81,1
82,1 85,1 86,2 87,1 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,2 93,1 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,1 98,3 99,1
100,1 101,1 103<in \i{}Eubria\i0{},>,2 105,1 108,1 109,2 110,2 111,3 113,1
114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,1/2 119<when present,>,1 120,1/2 123,1 124,3
127,1.05-1.38 131,1 134,1 138,1<shortly, finely and densely hairy> 140,2
141,1/2 142,1<in the British representative, associated with a prominence
near the scutellum> 145,1 149,2 150,1/2 151<when present,>,2 154,5-6 155,2
156,3 157,2 158,1 159,1/2<? aquatic or sub-aquatic, being found in moist
places and sometimes in water> 160,3 161,2 162,2 163,3 164,4 165,2 166<the
rare British representative has been recorded on and under sticks in water
courses> 168,1 170,1 171,2 173,3 174,2 175,1 176,2 177,3 178,3 179,1 180,6
181,2 182,2 183,1 184,1 185,3/4 186,3 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10
194,2 195,2 196,1 197,1 198,6 199,2 200,4 202,2 204,1 206<found clinging to
submerged wood and stones> 207,3<on algae> 208<The disc-shaped water
penny larva is flattened and limpet-like, with head, legs and gills hidden
from above by broad marginal extensions from all the segments.> 209,3 210,3
211,12 212<about>,275 213<about>,35 214,1<\i{}E. palustris\i0{}> 215,1
216<\i{}Eubria\i0{}> 218<Oval to coin-shaped, often coppery beetles, with
deeply furrowed elytra. The larva is truly aquatic, but the status of adult
\i{}E. palustris\i0{} as a water beetle is unclear from the accounts
seen.> 219<psepheni> 
 
# Ptiliidae/
1<= \i{}Trichopterygidae\i0{}; including \i{}Cephaloplectidae\i0{},
\i{}Limulodidae\i0{}> 2<Feather-winged beetles> 3,0.4-1.1 4,1.5-5.6
5,0.85-3.1 6,1 7,1 8,3 9,2-4 11,1/2 14,2 15,2-3 16,2-3 17<black, reddish,
yellowish, pitchy, etc., and various combinations> 20,1/2 21,2 22,2 32,1/2
34,2 35,2 39,1 40,1 42,1/2 44,1 45,1 46,1 50,4 51,2 52,2-4 55,(8-)11
56,1<each segment with a whorl of long setae> 59,3 61<loosely>,3 65,1/2
66,2 68,2 69,1 70,0.5-1.6 71,1 72,1 75,2 76,2 77,2 79,1 80,2 81,1 82,1/2
83,1/2 85<when present,>,1/2 86<when applicable,>,1/2 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1-2
92,1/2 93,3 94,1/2 95,1/2/3 96,1 97,1/2 98,1/2/3 99,1 100,1/2 101,1/2 102,1
103,1/2 105,1 106,1 109,7/12 110,2 111,2/3 112,1/2 114<at most>,1/- 115,1
116,5 117,2 118,2 120,1 123,1 124,1 127,0.55-3.5 129,1 130,1-2 131,1-3
133,1<Acrotrichinae>/2<Ptiliinae> 140,1/3 142,2 145,1/2 147<when
present,>,2 148,1<characteristic in form, being very narrow and fringed
with long setae> 149,2 150,2 154,6-7 155,1 157,1/2 158,6 166,2&3&5&8/10<or
in ants'nests> 167,4&9<mainly on moulds> 168,1 171,1 173,1 174,1 175,2
176,2 177,3 179,2 182,1 183,1 184,1/2 185,3 186,2/3 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5
192,1 193,10 194,1 195,1<these annular> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,1/2
206,2&3&5&7&8/9/10<or even in ants' nests> 207<mainly(?)>,9<on moulds>
208<The larvae elongate, with 3-segmented antennae and well-developed
thoracic legs.> 209,3 210,5 211,20 212<about>,630 213<about>,85 214,90
215,18 216<\i{}Acrotrichis, Actidium, Actinopteryx, Euryptilium, Micridium,
Microptilium, Nanoptilium, Nephanes, Nossidium, Oligella, Plitium,
Ptenidium, Pteryx, Ptiliolum, Ptilium, Ptinella, Raeocrara, Smicrus\i0{}>
218<Hind coxae with deep cavities into which the femora can be retracted;
the hindwings narrow and feather-like. This family includes the smallest
known Coleoptera.> 219<ptiliida> 
 
# Ptilodactylidae/
3,2.5-11 4,2.1-2.25 14,2 15,3 16,2 21,2 22,2 29,2-3 32,1 34,2 35,1 36,2
39,1 40,1 42,1 43,1/2 44,1 45,1 46,1 50,1/2/3 51,1/2 52,2-4 54,2 55,11
56<pubescent or with modifications?> 59,4/5<or with articulated
appendages?> 68,1 71,1 72,2 73,1 75,2 76,2 79,1 80,1 81,2 82,1/2 85,1 86,2
89,1 90,1 91,1 92,2 93,2 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,1 98,2/3 99,1 100,1 101,1 103,1
109,4 111,1 113,1 114,3 115,3<with a reduced penultimate one> 116,2 117,1
120,2 123,1 124,3 131,1 139,1<10 rows> 140,1/3 141<when more than five,>,4
142,2 143,1 144,1 149,2 150,2 154,5 155,2 156,3 157,2 158,1 166,1<often
found on foliage> 167,9<feeding on micro-fungi, using the modified maxillae
to accumulate spores> 168,1/2<?> 171,1 173,1 174,1 175,1 176,2 177,3 178,2
179,1 180,1/6 182,2 183,1 184,3 185,4 186,2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1
193,10 194,1 195,1<these biforous or bilabiate> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,2
205,2 206,2&3<found in most conditions, but not adapted for surviving
submerged> 207,4&7&9<?> 209,3 210,3 214,1<\i{}P. exotica\i0{}> 215,1
216<\i{}Ptilodactyla\i0{}> 218<the adults have brush-like maxillae,
seemingly much modified for manipulating fungal spores> 219<ptilodac> 
 
# Ptinidae/
1<~\i{}Anobiidae\i0{}-Ptininae> 2<Spider-beetles> 3,2-5.5 4,1.45-4.63
5,1.65-3.2 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,2-4 14,2 15,3 16,1 17<brown to black> 20,1/2
21,1/2 22,2/1 32,2 34,2 39,1 40,1 42,3 43,3 44,1 45,1/2 46,1/2 50,1 51,1
52,2-4 55,8-9/11 58,2 59,1 65,1 68,2 69,1 70,0.6-1.42 71,2 75,2 77,2 79,1-3
80<when pesent,>,2 81,1 82,1/2/4 85,1 86,2-3 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,2
93,2/3 94,2 95,2/3 96,1 97,1/2 98,2/3 99,1 100,2 101,1/2 103,1/2 105,2
109,2 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1 123,1/2
124,3<rarely 4?> 127,1.03-2.63 130,1 131,1 140,1/3 141<when more than
five,>,3/4 142,1/2 145,1/2 149,1/2 150,2 154,5 155,2 156,3 157,1/2 158,7
166<mostly>,2/3/4/10/13<mainly scavengers in dry plant or animal material>
167,1/2/3<occasionaly, e.g. \i{}Ptinus\i0{} spp.>/4/5/7/10 168,1/2 170,2
171,1 172,1 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,1 179,2 182,2 183,1 184,1 185,3 186,1
187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,2 195,1<these annular or
annular-uniforous> 196,3 199,2 200,4 201,2 202,2 206,2&3&4&10&13<mainly in
dry plant or animal material; not borers> 207,1&2&4&5 208<The larvae
C-shaped, white, setose, hypognathous with small, 2-segmented antennae, the
10 segmented abdomen sometimes with the last two reduced.> 209,3 210,1
211,1 212<about>,500 213,11 214,21 215,7 216<\i{}Gibbium\i0{},
\i{}Mezium\i0{}, \i{}Ptinus\i0{}, etc.> 217<\i{}Gibbium psylloides\i0{}
(Northern Ptinus); \i{}Mezium affine\i0{} (Shining Ptinus); \i{}Ptinus
sexpunctatus\i0{}> 218<The antennal insertions close together, separated by
less than the length of the scape; the hind coxae without any obvious
transverse cavity for reception of the femur.> 219<ptinidae> 
 
# Pyrochroidae/
1<including \i{}Cononotidae\i0{}, \i{}Pedilidae\i0{} part,
\i{}Pilipalpidae\i0{}> 2<Fire-coloured and Red Cardinal beetles> 3,9-17
4,2.2-3.55 5,2.3-6.7 6,1/2 7,1/2 8,2 9,4 11,1 14,1 15,2-3 20,1/2 21,2 22,2
32,1/2 34,1/2 39,1 40,1 42,1 44,2 45,1/2 46,1 50,3 51,1/2 52,2-4 55,11
59,4/5/6<?> 65,1/2 68,1 70,0.63-1.42 71,2 77,2 79,1 80,2 81,1 82,2 83,1
85,1 86,1 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,1 93,2 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,1 98,1/2 99,1
100,1 101,1 103,2 109,3 110,1 111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,1 118,2
120,1/2 123,2 124,2 127,1.8-3.18 131,1 140,3 142,2 145,1/2 149,2 150,1/2
151<when present,>,2 154,5-6 155,1/2 156<when present,>,2 157,2 158,9 166,1
168,2-3 171,1 173,2/3 174,1 175,1/2 176,2 177,3 179,1 180,5 182,1 183,1
184,3 185,3 186,3 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,2 195,1<these
annular> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,1 206,3&5 207,7&9<associated with decaying
logs> 209,3 210,2 211,21 212<about>,150 214,3 215,2 216<\i{}Pyrochroa\i0{},
\i{}Schizotus\i0{}> 217<\i{}P. coccinea\i0{}> 219<pyrochro> 
 
# Pythidae/
1<excluding \i{}Mycteridae\i0{}> 3,9-15 4,2.15-3.4 5,1.9-5.5 6,2 7,2 8,2
9,4 11,1 14,2 15,3 16,3 17<elytra dark greenish to brownish, iridescent>
20,1 21,2 22,2 26,2 27,1 29,1 32,1 34,2 35,1 36,2 38,2 39,1 40,1 42,2 43,1
44,2 45,3 46,1 50,2 51,1 52,2 55,11 56,1 58,2 59,1 65,2 66,1<under a
shelf-like extension of the frons in front of eyes> 68,1 69,1 70,0.65-0.75
71,2 75,1-2 77,2 79,1 80,2 81,1 82,2 83,1 85,2 86,1 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1
92,1 93,2 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,1 98,1 99,1 100,1 101,1 103,2 105,2 109,3 110,2
111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1 123,2 124,2 127,1.7-1.9
131,1 132,1 133,2<but broad posteriorly and rather blunt> 139,1<with 9 or
10 rows> 140,2/3 141<when more than five,>,3/4 142,2 143,1-2 144<if
present,>,2 149,2 150,1/2 151<when present,>,2 154,5 155,2 157,2 158,9
165,2<?> 166,1<\i{}Pytho depressus\i0{} being associated with Scots pine>
168,2-3 171,1 173,1/2/3<?> 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,3 179,1 180,5 182,1 183,1
184,2 185,3 186,2/3 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,2 195,1<these
annular, annular-biforous or annular-multiforous> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,1
206,3&5 207,7<consuming decaying material under the bark of \i{}Pinus
sylvestris\i0{}> 209,3 210,2 211,21 212<about>,50 214,1<\i{}P.
depressus\i0{}> 215,1 216<\i{}Pytho\i0{}> 218<An elongate and
parallel-sided, flattened, prognathous beetle, with each side of the thorax
occupied by a deep depression; mesocoxal cavities contiguous at the middle;
the mandible with reduced molar, and the incisor edge with two or more
teeth> 219<pythidae> 
 
# Rhipiphoridae/
2<Wasps'-nest beetles> 3,10-12 4,2.25-4.75 5,0.9-5 6,1 7,1/2 9,4<and
tapered> 11,3<humped> 12,1 14,1/2 15,1-2 17<brown or black, sometimes
patterned with a yellow or brown and black markings> 18,1/2 20,1/2 21,2
22,2 29,1-2 32,1/2 34,1/2 39,1 40,1 42,3 44,1 45,1 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,2
55,2-4/(9-)11 58,2 59,5/6 65,1/2 67,2 68,1 69,1 70,0.25-1.42 71,2 77,2 79,3
85,1 86,1-2 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,2 93,1-2 94,2 95,2 96,1 97,1 98,2/3
99,1/2 100,1 101,1 103,2 105,2 109,3 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1
117,2 118,2 120,1/2/3 121,1<this sometimes with three or more setae>/2
123,2 124,2 126,1 127,0.55-3.3 128,1 129,2 130,2 131,3 133,2 140,3 142,2
145,1/2 148,1/2 149,2 150,2 154,5-9 155,1 157,2 158,9/12 165,1/2<?>
166<free living,>,1&11 168,2 171,1 173,1/2/3 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,1 179,2
182,1 183,3 184,1 185,1 186,1 187,2 189,1 190,4/5 192,1 193,10 194,1
195,1<these annular> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,2 206<in wasps' nests>
207<(endo-)>,11<on wasp larvae> 208<This description of the larva refers to
late instar. The first instar (triangulin) larva has 5 stemmata on either
side of the head, 3-segmented antennae, 3-segmented maxillary palps, and
may exhibit spiracular tubes on abdominal segment 8> 209,3 210,2 211,21
212<about>,450 214,1<\i{}M. paradoxus\i0{} (Wasps' Nest Beetle)> 215,1
216<\i{}Metoecus\i0{}> 218<The beetles humped and tapered, with deflexed
head.> 219<rhipipho> 
 
# Rhizophagidae/
1<= \i{}Monotomidae\i0{} (Rhizophaginae and Monotominae)> 3,1.5-6 4,3-3.4
5,2.1-2.35 6,2 7,1 9,4 14,1-2 15,3 16,3 20,1 21,2 22,2 27,1<and the heads
of males sharply constricted behind the eyes> 29,1 32,1 35,1/2 39,1/2
40,1/2<some Rhizophaginae> 42,1 43,1 44,1/2 45,1/2 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,1-2
55,10 58,2 59,3 61,2<tight, spherical> 65,2 67,2 68,1/2<some Monotominae>
69,1-2 70,1-1.07 71,1/2<some Monotominae> 72<when present,>,1 75,2 77,2
79,1/2<some Monotominae> 80<when applicable,>,2 81,1 82,1/2 85,1 86,2 87,2
89,1 90,2 91,4 92,3 93,1<Rhizophaginae>/3 94,2 95,1/2 96,1 97,1/2 98,3 99,1
100,1 101,1/2 103,2 105,2 109,2/3 110,2 111,3<the penultimate segment
small, the basal two broad with long setae> 113,1 114,2<males>/3<females>
115,2<males>/3<females> 116,1/2/3 117,2/1<some Monotominae> 118,2 120,1
121,1<this with no more than two setae> 123,1/2 124,2<males>/3<females>
127,2-2.25 129,1 130,1 131,1-2 133,1 138,2 139<punctate->,1 140,1/2/3
141<when more than five,>,1/2-5 142,2 143,1 144,2 145,1 149,2 150,1/2
151<if present,>,2 154,5 155,1 157,2 158,8 165,2<perhaps not exclusively?>
166<mainly>,3&5 167,4/7/9<primarily saprophagous and fungivorous?> 168,1/2
171,1 173,2 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,3 179,1 180,4 182,1 183,1 184,2 185,3
186,2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,2 195,1<these
nnular-biforous> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,1 205,2<exclusively?>
206,2&3&5&7<\i{}Rhizophagus\i0{} often inhabiting the galleries of bark
beetles, Monotominae often in grass piles and compost heaps or within
ascomycete fruit bodies> 207,4&9 209,3 211,8 212<about>,220
213<about>,20<?> 214,21 215,3 216<\i{}Cyanostolus\i0{}, \i{}Monotoma\i0{},
\i{}Rhizophagus\i0{}> 217<\i{}Rhizophagus bipustulatus\i0{}> 219<rhizopha> 
 
# Salpingidae/
1<~\i{}Pythidae\i0{}; including \i{}Aegialitidae\i0{}, \i{}Colydiidae\i0{}
part, \i{}Dacoderidae\i0{}, \i{}Elacatidae\i0{}, \i{}Eurystethidae\i0{},
\i{}Inopeplidae\i0{}, \i{}Othniidae\i0{}, \i{}Tenebrionidae\i0{} part,
\i{}Tretothoracidae\i0{}> 2<Narrow-waisted Bark-beetles> 3,2.5-4 4,1.8-6.85
5,1.5-3.6 6,1/2 7,1/2 8,1 9,3-4 14,2 15,3 20,1/2 21,2/1 22,1/2 26,1/2 27,1
32,1/2 34,2 39,1 40,1 42,1/2-3<some Salpinginae> 43,1-3 44,2 45,1/2/3 46,1
50,1<mostly>/2 51,2 52,2-3 55,10-11 58,2 59,1/2 65,1/2 68,2 70,0.56-1.6
71,1<Agleninae>/2 72<when present,>,1 77,2 79,1/2-3<Agleninae> 80<when
applicable,>,2 81,1 82,1/2 85,1/2<in some Salpinginae> 86,1-2 87,2 89,1
90,1 91,1/2 92<variously>,1/2/3 93,3 94,2 95,2/3 96,1 97,1/2 98,2/3 99,1
100,2 101,1/2 103,2 105,2 109,3 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1/3
117,2/1 118,2 120,1/2 123,1/2 124,2 127,0.95-2.68 131,1/3 135,1 140,1/2/3
141<when more than five,>,1/2-4 142,1/2<some Aegia1itinae> 145,1/2 149,1/2
150,1/2 151<when present,>,2 154,5 155,1/2 156<when present,>,2 157,2 158,9
166,1<in hedges, or in moss>/5 167,4 168,1/2 171,1 173,2 174,1 175,2 176,2
177,3 179,1/2<Aglenini> 180<when present,>,5 182,1 183,1 184,2/3 185,3
186,1/2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,2 195,1<these annular or
annular-uniforous> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,1 205,2/1&2 206<in divers
habitats,>,1<in moss>/2<e.g., in leaf litter and dead and dying
twigs>/3/5/7<\i{}Sphaeriestes\i0{}>/8 207<\i{}Spaeriestes\i0{} consuming
adelgid bugs, and some Aegialatinae feeding at least in part on other small
invertebrates> 209,3 210,2 211,21 212<about>,300 213,45 214,10 215,5
216<\i{}Lissodema\i0{}, \i{}Rabocerus\i0{}, \i{}Rhinosimus\i0{},
\i{}Salpingus\i0{},\i{}Sphaeriestes\i0{}, \i{}Vincenzellus\i0{}, etc.>
217<\i{}Rabocerus foveolatus\i0{}, \i{}Vincenzellus viridipennis\i0{}>
218<Small to minute beetles, prognathous and sometimes rostrate.>
219<salpingi> 
 
# Scaphidiidae/
1<~\i{}Staphylinidae\i0{}-Scaphidiinae> 2<Shining Fungus-beetles> 3,1.7-6
4,1.6-2.15 5,1.4-1.95 6,1 7,1 9,2-3<pointed-oval> 11<stoutly>,3&4 14,2
15,1-2 20,1 21,2 22,2 32,2 34,2 35,1 39,1 40,1 42,1 43,1 44,1/2 45,1 46,1
50,1 51,2 52,2 55,11 59,1-3<i.e., to weakly clubbed> 61,5 65,1/2 68,1 69,1
70,0.55-0.85 71,1 72,1 75,2 77,2 79,1-2/3 80<if applicable,>,2 81,1 82,2
85,1/2 86,1-2 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,1/2 93,3 94,1/2 95,1/2 96,1 97,2 98,3
99,1 100,2 101,1/2 103,2 109,2 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2
118,2 120,1 123,1 124,3 127,0.86-1.28 129,1 130,1-2 131,1-2<exposing the
conical, pointed abdominal tip, but longer than in \i{}Staphylinidae\i0{}>
133<somewhat>,1<leaving the tip of the pygidium exposed> 135,1 138,2
140,1/3 141<when more than five,>,1/2 142,2 145,1 149,2 150,2 153,-
154,6<first as long as 2-4 together> 155,1 157,1/2 158,6 165,2<?>
166,2&3&5&7 167,9 168,1/2 171,1/2 173,1/2 174,1 175,1/2 176,1 177,3 179,1
180,5/6 182,1 183,1 184,2 185,3 186,1/2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1
193,10 194,1 195,1<these annular> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,1/2 205,2
206,2&3&5&7 207<mainly>,9<on fungal spores and mycelia, and on fresh spore
tissue of bracket fungi> 208<The larvae fusiform and pigmented, with
3-segmented antennae.> 209,3 210,5 211,20 212<about>,1200 214,5 215,3
216<\i{}Scaphidium\i0{}, \i{}Scaphisoma\i0{}, \i{}Scaphium\i0{}>
217<\i{}Scaphidium quadrimaculatum\i0{} (Orange-spotted Scaphidium)>
218<The fore coxae with the trochanters hidden.> 219<scaphidi> 
 
# Scarabaeidae/
1<including Aclopidae, Aphodiidae, Cetoniidae, etc.> 2<Chafers,
Dung-beetles, etc.> 3,2.6-30<in Britain, but the family worldwide
encompasses the largest known insects, with the tropical American
\i{}Dynastes hercules\i0{} and the African \i{}Goliathus goliatus\i0{}
reaching 16 cm and 11 cm respectively> 4,0.9-3.6 5,0.45-5.55 6,1/2
7,1/2<the prothorax relatively wide in Aphodiinae> 9,2-3 11,2-3 14,2 15,2-3
18,1/2 20,1/2 21,2 22,1/2 29,1-3<the labrum and mouthparts often visible
from above, but concealed beneath the fronto-clypeus in Aphodiinae and
Scarabaeinae> 32,1/2 34,1<often>/2<e.g., Aphodiinae> 35,1 39,1/2<commonly>
40<where recorded,>,1/- 41,2<in some Cetoniini>/1 42,1<mostly>/2-3<some
Rutelinae> 43,1-3 44,1/2/3<some Aegialiini> 45,1<mostly>/2<some Aegialiini>
46,1/2<quite commonly> 50,1<mostly>/3<some Aegialiini> 52,1-2 53,1 54,2
55,(7-)9/10 59,3 60<tightly>,1<but with the capacity to open fan-like>
61,3-7 65,1/2<e.g., in Aphodiinae> 67,2 68,1 69,1 70,0.3-3.08
71,1<mostly>/2<some Scarabaeinae> 72<when present,>,1/2<some Cetoniini and
Scarabaeinae only> 75,2 77,2 79,1/2-3<Scarabaeinae> 80<when
applicable,>,1/2 81,1 82,1/2 83,1 84<variously>,1/2 85<when not
interrupted,>,1 86<rather consistently>,2/3 87,2 89,1 90,2 91,3/4 92,1/2
93,1/2 94,2 95,1/3<Hopliin1> 96,1 97,1/2 98,2/3 99,1/2 100,1 101,1 103,1
109,1<occasionally>/2 110,2 111<always?>,3 112,1<e.g.,
Aphodiinae>/2<Scarabaeinae> 113<when not reduced or absent (i.e.,
usually),>,1 114<when present,>,3 115,3 116,1 117,2<mostly>/1<some
Scarabaeinae> 118,2 120,1/2/3 121,1<this sometimes with three or more
setae, but no more than two in Aphodiinae>/2 123,1 124,3<and the hind
tibiae with two spurs in Aphodiinae, only one in Scarabaeinae> 127,0.6-2.1
130,1 131,1-2 132,1/2<a more or less concealed pygidium being the
supposedly defining feature of Aphodiinae> 135,1/2 140,1/2/3 141<when more
than five,>,1/2-6 142,2 145,1<always, in British representatives>
149<variously>,1/2 150,1/2 151<when present,>,2 154,5-7<usually 6>
155,1-3<all fused in some Aphodiinae> 156<when present,>,2/4-6 157,1/2
158,2 166,1/2/8 167,3/4/10<Melolonthinae, Hopliinae and Rutelinae feeding
on foliage, Cetoniinae on leaves and nectar, Scarabaeinae and most
Aphodiinae on dung like their larvae> 168,1<rarely>/2-3 171,1
172,1<mostly>/2<e.g., in Cetoniinae> 173,1 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,4/5<rarely
more?> 179,2<usually>/1 180<when present,>,1 182,2 183,1 184,1/2/3 185,4
186,1/2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,2/3/5 192,1 193,9/10 194,1 195,1<these
cribriform> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,2 206,1/2/8/14 207,3<Melolonthinae,
Hopliinae and Rutelinae notably feeding on roots>/4<Cetoniinae>/8/10<most
Aphodiinae, Scarabaeinae> 208<mostly curved, C-shaped curl-grubs, with
brownish head, three pairs of well-developed legs and mostly 4-segmented
antennae; the anus V- or Y-shaped in Melolonthinae and Hopliinae but
transverse in Cetoniinae and Rutelinae.> 209,3 210,4 211,19
212<about>,30000 214<about>,90 215<about>,28<this predominantly tropical
family being relatively poorly representative in Britain> 216<Subfamily
Aphodiinae: \i{}Aegialia\i0{}, \i{}Aphodius\i0{}, \i{}Euheptaulacus\i0{},
\i{}Heptaulacus\i0{}, \i{}Oxyomus\i0{},\i{} Saprosites\i0{},
\i{}Brindalus\i0{}, \i{}Diastictus\i0{}, \i{}Psammodius\i0{} (sic),
\i{}Tesarius\i0{}, \i{}Pleurophorus\i0{}, \i{}Rhyssemus\i0{}. Cetoniinae:
\i{}Cetonia\i0{}, \i{}Gnorimus\i0{}, \i{}Oxythyrea\i0{}, \i{}Trichius\i0{}.
Hopliinae: \i{}Hoplia\i0{}. Melolonthinae: \i{}Melolontha\i0{},
\i{}Polyphylla\i0{}, \i{}Amphimallon\i0{},\i{} Omaloplia\i0{},
\i{}Serica\i0{}. Rutelinae: \i{}Anomala\i0{}, \i{}Phyllopertha\i0{}.
Scarabaeinae: \i{}Copris\i0{}, \i{}Onthophagus\i0{}.> 217<\i{}Aphodius
villosus\i0{} (Hairy Aphodius); \i{}Aphodius distinctus\i0{};
\i{}Melolontha melolontha\i0{} (Common Cockchafer); \i{}Cetonia aurata\i0{}
(Rose Chafer); \i{}Phyllopertha horticola\i0{} (Sutherland Bracken-clock);
\i{}Copris lunaris\i0{} (Lunar-headed Dung-beetle); \i{}Gnoremus
variabilis\i0{} (8-spotted Oak-beetle); \i{}Onthophagus taurus\i0{}
(Bull-headed Dung-beetle); \i{}Phyllopertha horticola\i0{}; \i{}Psammodius
asper \i0{}(Channel-necked Psammodius); \i{}Typhaeus typhoeus\i0{}. Curtis
also illustrated the spectacular mainland-European \i{}Polyphylla
fullo\i0{}.> 218<The scarab beetles constitute a taxonomically difficult
group, and a satisfactory classification at world level has yet to be
achieved. Of the fairly distinct series that have long been recognised, six
are represented in Britain. Of these, \i{}Geotrupidae\i0{},
\i{}Trogidae\i0{} and (by some authorities) \i{}Aphodiidae\i0{} are now
treated as distinct families, with the rest - Scarabaeinae (dung beetles),
Melolonthinae ('chafers') and Cetoniinae - awarded subfamily status. This
\i{}sensu lato\i0{} description is not taxonomically judgemental, but seems
appropriate in the present context. \par{}A few spectacular exotic forms
are illustrated here, including several from the subfamily Dynastinae
(1,400 species worldwide), which is not represented at all in Britain.>
219<scarabei> 
 
# Scirtidae/
1<including \i{}Cyphonidae\i0{}, \i{}Elodidae\i0{}, \i{}Helodidae\i0{}>
2<Water-nymph beetles, Marsh beetles> 3,1.5-5.5 4,1-2.62 5,3.14-8.2 6,1/2
7,1/2 9,2-3 11,2-3 14,2 15,2 17<yellow-brown> 20,1/2 21,2 22,2 29,1 32,1/2
34,2 39,1/2 40<where recorded,>,1/- 41,1/2 42,1/2/3 44<when
mandibulate,>,1/- 45,1/2/3/- 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,2-3 55,11 58,1
59,1<flattened> 65,1 67,1/2 68,1 70,0.22-0.83 71,1 72,1 77,2 79,1 80,1/2
81,1 82,1/2 85,1 86,2/3 87,1/2 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,2 93,1 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,1
98,1/2 99,1 100,1 101,1 103,1 105,1<transversely excavated> 109,2
110,1<segment 4 only> 111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1 121,2
123,1 124,3 127,0.85-2.1 131,1 134,2 140,3 142,2 145,1 149,1 150,2 154,5
155,1/2 156,2/3 157,2 158,12/- 159<the adults seemingly all>,2<but
associated with helophytic plants> 160<but often found floating or
struggling in water> 166<often on the surfaces of vegetation in damp
places> 168,1/2 169,1 171,1 173,2 174,1 175,1 176,1 177,5-20<? - five or
more> 178,3 179,1 180,1-3 181,2 182,1 183,1 184,1 185,4 186,1 187,1 188,2
189,1 190,5 192,1 193,8/9 194,1 195,2<these enlarged> 196,3 197,1 198,6
199,1 200,4 202,2 204,1 206<usually in stagnant water, in ponds, bogs,
marshes, tree holes, etc.> 207<detritus feeders, with specialized
filter-feeding adaptations for concentrating suspended small prticles of
organic matter> 208<The campodeiform larvae with anal gills; unique among
those of Endopterygotes in having long, multi-segmented antennae.> 209,3
210,3 211,14 212<about>,1400 213<about>,50 214,16 215,6
216<\i{}Cyphon\i0{}, \i{}Elodes\i0{}, \i{}Hydrocyphon\i0{},
\i{}Microcara\i0{}, \i{}Prionocyphon\i0{}, \i{}Scirtes\i0{}>
217<\i{}Hydrocyphon deflexicollis\i0{}> 218<The adults are adept at
jumping, using their enlarged hind legs.> 219<scirtida> 
 
# Scolytidae/
1<~\i{}Curculionidae\i0{}-Scolytinae> 2<Bark-beetles> 3,1.2-6 4,1.27-3.15
5,1.2-2.43 6,1 7,1 9,3-4 11,4 14,2 15,3 20,1/2 21,2 22,1/2 26,2 29,2 32,1/2
34,2 35,1 39,2 42,3 43,3 44,1/2 45<variously>,1/2/3 46,2 50,1 51,2 52,1-2
54,1 55,3-11 57,1 59,3<the club elongated> 61,1-3 65,2 67,2 68,2
70,0.49-1.35 71,1/2 72<when present,>,2 77,2 79,1-2/3 80<when
applicable,>,1/2 81,1 82,1/2/3 83,1 84,1/2 85<when not interrupted,>,1/2
86,1/2 87,2 89,1 90,2 91,3 92,1/2-3 93,3 94,2 95,3 96,1 97,1/2 98,1/2/3
99,1 100,2 101,1/2 103,1/2 105,2 109,4 110,1 111,1/3<the fourth segment
small, but generally visible; the basal segment shorter than the others
together> 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1/2 117,2/1 118,2 121,2 123,1 124,3
127,0.7-1.9 131,1 140,1/2/3 141<when more than five,>,1/2-3 142,2 145,1/2
149,1/2 150,2 154,5 155,2 156,2 157,2 158,11 166<especially>,5<some serious
forest pests, including the \i{}Scolytus ulmi\i0{}, the notorious principal
vector of \i{}Ophiostoma ulmi\i0{}, the pyrenomycete causing Dutch 
Elm disease> 167,3/6
168,1/2 169,4 171,1/2 172,1 173,1 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,1 179,1/2<?> 180<if
present,>,1/2 181,2 182,1/2 183,1 187,1 188,1/2<?> 189,2 190,0 192,- 193,10
194,1 195,1 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,2 206,5 207,3 208<The larvae C-shaped,
without legs, with small 1-segmented antennae.> 209,3 211,9 212<about>,6000
213<about>,220 214,57 215,27 216<\i{}Hylesinus\i0{}, \i{}Pteleobius\i0{},
\i{}Scolytus\i0{}, \i{}Trypodendron\i0{}, etc.> 217<\i{}Hylesinus
oleiperda\i0{}(Rough Hylesinus); \i{}Pteleobius vittatus\i0{}; \i{}Scolytus
scloytus\i0{} (Elm Bark Beetle); \i{}Trypodendron lineatum\i0{}> 218<Adult
antennae with short middle segments, consisting mainly of the elongated
scape and club, and dorsoventrally elongate eyes.> 219<scolytid> 
 
# Scraptiidae/
1<including \i{}Anaspididae\i0{}> 2<False Flower-beetles> 3,2-4.5 4,2-3.6
5,2.6-6.4 6,1 7,1 9,3-4 14,1 15,1-2 16,1 17<yellowish or yellowish brown,
with darker head and antennae (\i{}Scraptia\i0{}), or (\i{}Anaspis\i0{})
variable in colour but with black antennae having a yellow basal segment>
20,2 21,2 22,2 27,2 32,1/2 34,1/2 39,1 40,1 42,1 44,2 45,2/3 46,1
50,2<Anaspidinae>/3<Scraptiinae> 51,1 52,2-4 58,2 59,1 65,1 68,1
70,0.48-1.07 71,1 72,2 77,2 79,1 80,2 81,1 82,1/2/3 83,1 85,2 86,1 87,2
89,1 90,1 91,1 92,1 93,1-2 94,2 95,2/3 96,1 97,1 98,1/2 99,1/2 100,1 101,1
103,1 105,2 109,3/4 110,1 111,1/3<basal segments very long, penultimate
segments very short and lobed beneath> 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1/2
117,2<Scraptiinae>/1<Anaspidinae> 118,2 120,1/2<very small> 123,2 124,2
127,1.55-3.1 131,1-2 133,2 138,1<uniformly hairy> 140,3 142,2 143,1 144,1
145,1/2 149,2 150,1/2 151<when present,>,2 154,5 155,1 157,2 158,9 165,2<?>
166,1&11<on spring flowers (\i{}Anaspis\i0{})>/3<\i{}Scraptia\i0{}> 168,1/2
171,1 173,2 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,3
179,1<\i{}Anaspis\i0{}>/2<\i{}Scraptia\i0{}> 180<when present,>,1
182,1<\i{}Anaspis\i0{}>/2<\i{}Scraptia\i0{}> 183,1 184,2/3 185,3 186,2
187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,9<\i{}Scraptia\i0{}>/10<\i{}Anaspis\i0{}>
194,1<\i{}Scraptia\i0{}>/2<\i{}Anaspis\i0{}> 195,1<these annular or
annular-uniforous> 196,3 199,2 200,4
202,1<\i{}Anaspis\i0{}>/2<\i{}Scraptia\i0{}> 206,2&3&5&6
207<probably>,4&7&9 209,3 210,2 211,21 212<about>,400 214,17 215,2
216<\i{}Anaspis\i0{}, \i{}Scraptia\i0{}> 218<Small beetles, elongate-oval,
yellowish brown, uniformly pubescent, heads deflexed.> 219<scraptii> 
 
# Scydmaenidae/
1<= \i{}Anisosphaeridae\i0{}> 2<Ant-like Stone-beetles> 3,0.7-2.2
4,1.6-2.55 5,1.6-2.6 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,3-4 14,1 15,3 20,1/2 21,2 22,2 32,1/2
34,1/2 39,1 40,1 42,2/3 43,1-3 44,1 45,1/2/3<being variable in
Scydmaeninae> 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,2-3 55,11 59,1<or moniliform>/3 65,1/2
68,1/2 69,2-3 70,0.6-1.55 71,1/2<some Scydmaeninae> 72<when
present,>,1/2<when present in Scydmaeninae> 77,2 78,2 79,1/2-3<some
Scydmaeninae> 80<when applicable,>,1 81,1 82,1/2 83,1<Cephenniini>/2<in
some Scydmaeninae> 85<when present,>,1<Cephenniini>/2 86<when
applicable,>,1/3 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,1/2 93,2/3 94,2 95,1/2/3 96,1 97,1
98,2/3 99,1 100,1/2 101,2 103,1<Cephenniinae>/2<Scydmeninae> 109,2 110,2
111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1 123,1 124,3 127,1.05-1.7
131,1 133,2 135,1 138,1<clothed in fine, sparse hairs>/2 140,3 142,2
145,1/2 149,2 150,2 154,6 155,1 157,1/2 158,6 159,2<but found near water>
165,1<on small arthropods, especially mites> 166,2/3/5/10/12<or in moss,
generally in damp places> 168,1 171,1/2 172,1/2 173,2 174,1 175,1/2 176,2
177,2/3 179,1/2 180<when present,>,1/3 182,1 183,3 184,1
185,2<\i{}Eutheia\i0{} only>/3 186,1 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,9/10
194,1 195,1<these annular> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,2 205,1<taking mites and
other small prey> 206,2/3/5/10/12<or in moss, generally in damp places>
209,3 210,5 211,20 212<about>,4500 213<about>,80 214,30 215,8
216<\i{}Euconnus\i0{}, \i{}Eutheia\i0{}, \i{}Cephennium\i0{},
\i{}Microscydmus\i0{}, \i{}Neuraphes\i0{}, \i{}Scydmaenus\i0{},
\i{}Scydmoraphes\i0{}, \i{}Stenichnus\i0{}> 217<\i{}Scydmaenus
tarsatus\i0{}> 218<Narrow-necked beetles with a characteristically waisted
body form, sometimes with oval elytra; the eyes coarsely granular; the fore
coxae with the trochanters hidden> 219<scydmaen> 
 
# Silphidae/
1<\i{}Necrophoridae\i0{}> 2<Sexton Beetles, Carrion Beetles> 3,9-30
4,1.45-2.7 5,1.65-2.95 6,1 7,1 8,1/2<?> 9,3-4 11,1 14,2 15,2-3 20,1/2 21,2
22,2 32,2 34,2 35,1 39,1 40,1 42,1/2 43,1 44,1
45,1<Nicophorinae>/2<Silphinae> 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,1-2 53,1 55,11 59,2/3
61,3 63,1/2 65,1 68,1 69,1 70,0.57-0.9 71,1 72,1 75,2 77,2 79,1 80,2 81,1
82,1/2 83,1 85,2 86,1 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,1 93,1 94,2 95,1 96,1
97,1<Silphinae>/2<Nicophorinae> 98,2/3 99,1/2 100,1 101,1 103,2 109,2 110,2
111,3 113,1 114,3<sometimes with bilobed segments> 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2
120,1 123,1 124,3 127,0.97-1.47 129,1 130,1/2 131,1/3 133,1 140,3 142,2
145,1 149,2 150,2 154,6-7 155,1 157,1 158,6 165,2<mostly>/1<some Silphinae>
166<especially>,9/7 167<mostly>,1/4/9 168,2-3 171,1/2 173,2-3 174,1/2
175,1/2 176,1/2 177,3 179,1 180<when present,>,1/6 182,1 183,1 184,1 185,3
186,2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,1 195,1<these annular> 196,2
199,2 200,3/4 202,1 205,1<some Silphinae>/2 206,1/2<some
Silphinae>/9<Nicophorinae, which inhabit small animal carcasses buried in
readiness for them by the adults> 207,1<Nicophorinae and some non-predatory
Silphinae>/3<some Silphinae> 209,3 210,5 211,20 212<about>,190 214,23 215,7
216<\i{}Aclypea\i0{}, \i{}Blitophaga\i0{}, \i{}Dendroxena\i0{},
\i{}Necrodes\i0{}, \i{}Nicrophorus\i0{}, \i{}Oiceoptoma\i0{},
\i{}Silpha\i0{}, \i{}Thanatophilus\i0{}> 217<\i{}Necrodes littoralis\i0{}
(Bent-legged Silpha); \i{}Necrophorus germanicus\i0{} (Black-horned
Grave-digger); \i{}Necrophorus vespilloides\i0{} (Sexton Beetle);
\i{}Blitophaga opaca\i0{}> 218<The head much narrower than the thorax; the
4 basal abdominal tergites soft; the fore coxae with the trochanters
exposed. Including species well known for burying corpses of small animals
to serve as food for the larvae.> 219<silphida> 
 
# Silvanidae/
1<~\i{}Cucujidae\i0{} part> 2<Flat grain beetles> 3,2.3-4.5 4,1.5-5.55
5,1.8-3.95 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,4 11,1-2<convex beneath> 14,1-2 15,3 17<yellowish
or reddish brown> 20,1/2 21,1/2 22,2 27,1 32,1/2 34,1/2 39,1/2<some
Silvaninae> 40<when recorded,>,1/- 42,1 44,2 45,1/2 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,2-4
55,(9-)11 58,2 59,3/2<i.e., sometimes only weakly clubbed> 61,3 65,1/2
68,1<Silvaninae>/2<Brontinae> 69,3 70,0.6-2.65 71<variously>,1/2 72<when
present,>,1/2 75,1/2 76,1 77,2 79,1 80,1/2 81,1 82,2/3 85,1 86,2 87,2 89,1
90,1<Brontinae>/2 91,1-2/4 92,3 93,3 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,1/2 98,2/3 99,1
100,1 101,1/2 103,2 105,2 109,4 110,1<third segment lobed below> 111,2/3
113,1 114,2/3 115,2/3 116,1/2<the penultimate one>/3 117<variously>,2/1
118,2 120,1 123,1 124,2/3 127,1.15-3.5 128,2 131,1 140,1 141,1/2-4
142,1/2<some Silvaninae> 143,1 144,1 145,1/2 149,1/2 150,2 154,5 155,1/2
156<when present,>,2 157,2 158,8 166,1&2&4&5&13<some being pests of stored
cereals> 167<mainly>,4&9/5 168,1/2 171,1 173,2/2-3 174,1 175,1/2 176,1/2
177,2/3 179,1 180,6 182,1 183,1/2 184,2/3/4 185,3 186,1 187,1 188,2 189,1
190,5 192,1 193,10 194,1 195,1<these annular> 196,2<Brontinae,
\i{}Cryptamorpha\i0{}>/3 199,2 200,4 202,1<Brontinae,
\i{}Cryptamorpha\i0{}>/2 206,1&2&4&5&13<some being pests of stored cereals>
209,3 211,8 212<about>,500 213<about>,60 214,10 215,8
216<\i{}Ahasverus\i0{}, \i{}Cathartus\i0{}, \i{}Cryptamorpha\i0{},
\i{}Nausibius\i0{}, \i{}Oryzaephilus\i0{}, \i{}Psammoecus\i0{},
\i{}Silvanoprus\i0{}, \i{}Silvanus\i0{}> 218<Beetles minute, elongate,
flattened yellowish or reddish brown.> 219<silvanid> 
 
# Sphaeriidae/
1<= \i{}Sphaeriusidae\i0{}; ~\i{}Hydrophilidae\i0{},
\i{}Microsporidae\i0{}> 2<Minute Bog-beetles> 3,0.6-0.8 4,1.34-1.37
5,3.25-3.5 6,1 7,2 9,1 14,2 15,1 20,1 21,2 22,2 29,1 32,2 34,2 35,2 39,1
40,1 42,1 43,1 44,2 45,1/2 46,2 47,1/2 50,4 51,2 52,2 55,11 58<and
pedicel>,1 59,3<the scape and pedicel swollen, the third segment long and
slender, the fourth and fifth sub-globular, 6th to 8th short and
transverse, and the terminal three forming the compact club> 61,3 65,1-2
66<inserted under lateral edges of frons> 68,2 69,1 70,0.37-0.4 71,1 72,1
75,2 77,1 79,2 80,2 81,1 82,1 83,1 85,2 86,1 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,1 93,1
94,2 95,2 96,1 97,2 98,3 99,1 100,1 101,1 103,1 105<peculiarly>,1
106<triangular, almost contiguous,>,1 109,7 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,1 115,1
116,5 117,2 118,2 120,1 121,1<with 2 or 3 long setae between the claws,
according to Britton>/2<Lawrence \i{}et al\i0{}.> 123,1 124,1 127,1.03-1.07
131,1 132,2 135,1 138,2 140,3 142,1 145,1/2 146,1 148,1 149,2 150,2
154,3<first and third long> 155,1 157,1 158,12/- 159,1<in wet mud, gravel
and roots, and under stones, at the margins of fresh water> 160,3 161,2
162,1<? - at least in Australian \i{}Sphaerius\i0{}, the beetle has no
plastron but respires via air stored beneath the elytra> 164,1<?>
167,3<supposedly feeding on algae> 168,1 169,1 171,1 173,2 174,1 175,1/2
176,2 177,2 178,2 179,1 180,4 181,2 182,1 183,1 184,2 185,2 186,2/3 187,1
188,1 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,2 195,1<these annular> 196,2 197,1 198,1
199,2 200,2 202,2 204,1 206<inhabiting wet sand and gravel at the edges of
streams and rivers> 207<seemingly>,3<on algae> 208<The larvae have stout,
5-segmented legs, spiracular gills and prominent, 2-segmented antennae.>
209,2 211,16 212,23 213,1<\i{}Sphaerius\i0{}, represented more or less
worldwide> 214,1<\i{}S. acaroides\i0{}> 215,1 216<\i{}Spaerius\i0{}>
219<sphaerii> 
 
# Sphaeritidae/
3,5.5-6.5 4,1.6-1.7 5,2.35-2.48 6,1 7,1 9,2-3 14,2 15,3 20,1 21,2 22,2 32,1
34,2 35,1 39,1 40,1 42,2 44,1 45,2/3 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,1 55,11 59,3 61,3
63,1 65,1 68,1 70,0.52-0.58 71,1 72,1 77,2 79,1 80,1 81,1 82,2 85,1 86,1-2
87,1 89,1 90,1 91,2 92,2 93,1 94,1 95,1 96,1 97,1 98,2/3 99,1 100,1 101,1
103,2 109,2 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1 123,1
124,3 127,1.1-1.2 131,1 138,2 139,1<each with 9 longitudinal rows of fine
puntures, by contrast with \i{}Histeridae\i0{}> 140,1 141,4 142,2 145,1
149,1 150,2 154,5 155,1 157,2 158,3 166,7<in coniferous woodland in
Scotland> 168,1/2 171,1 173,2 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,3 179,2 182,1 183,3
184,1 185,4 186,1 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,1 195,1<these
biforous or bilabiate> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,1 205,U 207<feeding habits
seemingly unknown> 209,3 210,5 211,17 212,4<widespread temperate>
213,1<\i{}Sphaerites\i0{}> 214,1<\i{}S. glabratus\i0{}> 215,1
216<\i{}Sphaerites\i0{}> 218<Small oval, black beetles with a slight
bluish-green sheen.> 219<sphaerit> 
 
# Sphindidae/
1<\i{}Aspidiphoridae\i0{}> 2<Cryptic Slime-mould beetles> 3,2.1-2.4
4,1.37-2.45 5,2.25-3.3 6,1/2 7,1 9,2 14,2 15,1 17<black or brown, with
parts of antennae and legs red> 20,1/2 21,2 22,2 32,1/2 34,2 39,1 40,1 42,1
44,1/2 45,1/2 46,1 50,1 51,2 52,2 55,10-11 59,3 65,1 67,2 68,1 70,0.42-0.85
71,1 72,1 77,2 79,1 80,1/2 81,1 82,2 85,1 86,2-3 87,2 89,1 90,1/2 91,1-2/3
92,3 93,2/3 94,1/2 95,1/2 96,1 97,1/2 98,3 99,1 100,1 101,1/2 103,2 109,4
110,2 111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1 123,2 124,2<in the
British species> 127,1.02-1.85 131,1 139,1<punctured in straight, parallel
rows> 140,1/3 141<when more than five,>,4 142,1 145,1 149,1 150,1/2
151<when present,>,2 154,5 155,1 157,2 158,8 166,7<associated with Slime
Moulds on trees> 167,9 168,1 171,1-2 173,2 174,1 175,1/2 176,2 177,3 179,1
180,6 182,1 183,1 184,1/2 185,3 186,1 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10
194,1 195,1<these annular> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,2 206,7<or Slime Moulds>
207,9 209,3 211,8 212<about>,70 213,9 214,2<\i{}A. orbiculatus\i0{}, \i{}S.
dubius\i0{}> 215,2 216<\i{}Aspidophorus\i0{}, \i{}Sphindus\i0{}>
218<Unwins tarsi 4,4,4 simple is contradicted by the 5,5,5 or 5,5,4
simple of Lawrence \i{}et al\i0{}> 219<sphindid> 
 
# Staphylinidae/
1<including \i{}Apateticidae\i0{}, \i{}Brathinidae\i0{},
\i{}Dasyceridae\i0{}, \i{}Micropeplidae\i0{}, \i{}Oxytelidae\i0{},
\i{}Oxyporidae\i0{}, etc.> 2<Rove Beetles, Devil's Coach-horse Beetles>
3,0.7-24 4,1.35-10 5,0.55-3.55 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,4-5 11,1/4<usually more or
less fusiform> 14,1 15,1-3 20,1/2 21,1/2 22,2/1 29,1-2 30,1/2<sometimes>
32,1/2 34,1/2 36,1<in Omaliinae>/2 37<when present,>,2 39,1 40,1<mostly>/2
41,2<in some Omaliinae>/1 42<variously>,1/2/3 44,1/2 45<variously>,1/2/3
46,1 47,1<in some Aleocharinae>/2 50<variously>,1/2/4<in several groups>
51,1/2 52,2-4 55,(10-)11<rarely fewer?> 57,1 59,1<or
moniliform>/3<sometimes, weakly> 65,1/2 67,1<e.g., some Pselaphinae>/2
68,1<mostly>/2 69,3 70,0.3-1.46 71,1/2 72<when present, variously>,1/2
73,1<some Omaliinae>/2 75,2 77,2 79,1-2/3 80<when applicable,>,1/2 81,1
82,1/2/3 83,1/2 85<when present, variously>,1/2 86<when applicable,>,1-3
87,1/2 89,1/2 90<when applicable,>,1 91,1 92<variously>,1/2/3 93,1/2/3
94,1/2 95,1/2/3 96,1/2 97<when countersunk,>,1/2 98<when present,>,1/2/3
99,1-2 100<when present,>,1/2 101<variously>,1/2 103,1/2 109,-<very
variable in the family> 110,2 111,2/3 113,1/2 114,1/2/3 115,1/2/3
116<variously>,1/2<the penutimate one>/3/4/5 117,2 118,2 120,1 121,1<this
with no more than two setae>/2 123,1/2 124,1/2/3 127,0.4-1.68 129,1
130,2<generally leaving more than half of the abdomen exposed, but
hindwings always fully developed> 131,3 133,1 134,1<?>/2
140,1/2/3<commonly> 141<when more than five,>,1/2-3 142,2 145,1/2 148,1/2
149,1/2 150,2 153,- 154,6-7 155,1 157,1/2 158,6 165,1<many>/2
166,2/3/4/5/8/9/10&11&12<habits and habitats very divers> 168,1-3 171,1/2
173,1-3 174,1/2 175,1/2 176,1/2 177,2<some
Pselaphinae>/3<commonly>/4<Paederine, Steninae> 179,1/2 180<when
present,>,1-6 182,1 183,1/3 184,1/2/3 185,3/4 186,1/2/3 187,1 188,2 189,1
190,4<Micropeplinae>/5 192,1 193,10 194,1 195,1<these annular> 196,2<the
Micropeplinae, Steninae having all the abdominal spiracles borne thus>/3
199,2 200,2/4 202,1/2 205,1/2 206,2/3/4/5/8/9/14/10&11&12 208<The larvae
are active, with 2-, 3- or 4-segmented antennae and a flexible 10-segmented
abdomen.> 209,3 210,5 211,20 212<at least>,46000<in thousands of genera
...> 214,975 215,188 216<\i{}Anotylus, Atheta, Bledius, Carpelimus,
Dropephylla, Eusphalerum, Gabrius, Gyrophaena, Lathrobium, Lesteva,
Megarthrus, Micropeplus, Mycetoporus, Omalium, Othius, Philonthus, Quedius,
Scopaeus, Staphylinus, Stenus, Tachyporus, Xantholinus\i0{}, etc., etc.>
217<\i{}Achenium depressum\i0{} (Depressed Achenium); \i{}Bledius
furcatus\i0{} var. \i{}skrimshirii\i0{} (Skrimshirian Bledius); \i{}Cafius
fucicola\i0{} (Sea-shore Cafius); \i{}Callicerus obscurus\i0{} (Spencean
Staphylinus); \i{}Creophilus maxillosus\i0{}; \i{}Dianous coerulescens\i0{}
(Rough Dianous); \i{}Emus hirtus\i0{} (Humble-bee Staphylinus);
\i{}Falagria thoracica\i0{} (Red-thoraxed Staphylinus); \i{}Gauropterus
fulgidus\i0{}; \i{}Hygronoma dimidiata\i0{} (Ochre-banded Staphylinus);
\i{}Deleaster dichrous\i0{} (Leach's Lesteva); \i{}Dinarda maerkeli\i0{}
(Dentated Staphylinus); \i{}Lathrobium terminatum\i0{}; \i{}Lomechusa
emarginata\i0{}; \i{}Metopsia clypeata\i0{}; \i{}Micropeplus tesserula\i0{}
(Irish Micropeplus); \i{}Micropeplus fulvus\i0{}; \i{}Creophilus
maxillosus\i0{} (Scarce Oxyporus); \i{}Oxyporus rufus\i0{}; \i{}Paederus
caligatus\i0{}; \i{}Paederus fuscipes\i0{} (New Forest Paederus);
\i{}Philonthus marginatus\i0{}; \i{}Phytosus spinifer\i0{}; \i{}Quedius
cruentus\i0{}; \i{}Quedius lateralis\i0{}, \i{}Rugilus fragilis\i0{}
(Red-necked Rugilus); \i{}Siagonium quadricorne\i0{} (Four-horned
Staphylinus); \i{}Stenus guttula\i0{} (Kirbian Stenus); \i{}Syntomium
aeneum\i0{} (Bronzed Syntomium); \i{}Staphylinus pedator\i0{} (Red-legged
Staphylinus)> 218<The abdomen of these beetles is dorsoventrally very
flexible, and the winged forms are capable of becoming airborne with
remarkable rapidity.> 219<staphyli> 
 
# Tenebrionidae/
1<\i{}Alleculidae\i0{}, \i{}Cistelidae\i0{}, \i{}Colydiidae\i0{} part,
\i{}Cossyphodidae\i0{},\i{} Lagriidae\i0{}, \i{} Nilionidae\i0{},
\i{}Rhysopaussidae\i0{}, \i{}Tentyriidae\i0{}> 2<Churchyard Beetles,
Darkling Beetles, Darkness Dwellers, Nocturnal Ground-beetles,
Mealworm-beetles> 3,1.5-25 4,0.9-4.6 5,1.25-7.4 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,1-4 14,1-2
15,1-3 17<dark, usually dull brown or black> 20,1/2 21,1/2 22,1/2
27<somewhat>,1/2<mostly> 29,1-3 32,1/2 34,1/2 39,1<mostly>/2 40<mostly>,1/-
42,1<mostly>/2 43,1-3 44,1/2 45,1/2 46,1<mostly?>/2 50<variously>,1/2/3
51,1/2 52,2-4 55,3/6-11 58,2 59,1-2<usually stout, often moniliform>/3 65,2
66,1 67,2 68<consistently>,2 69,1 70,0.2-1.5 71,1/2 72<when present,>,1/2
75,1-2 76,1/2 77,2 79,1/1-2/3 80<when applicable,>,1/2 81,1 82,1/2/3 83,1
84,1/2<in some Alleculinae> 85<when not interrupted,>,1 86,2-3 87,2 89,1
90,1<some Alleculinae>/2 91<variously>,1/2/3/4 92,1<some Alleculinae>/2-3
93,2/3 94,1/2 95<variously>,1/2/3 96,1 97,1/2 98,2/3 99,1/2 100,1/2 101,1/2
103,1/2 105,2 109,3 110<usually>,2 111,3 113,1 114,3<sometimes with bilobed
segments> 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1 121,1<this sometimes with three or
more setae>/2 123,2 124,2 127,0.73-3.5 131,1-2 133,2 135<usually>,2
137,1/2/4/5 139,1/2 140,1/2/3 141<when more than five,>,1/2-6 142,1/2
145,1/2<often, with the elytra joined together> 148<when present,>,2
149,1/2 150,1/2 151<when present,>,2 154,5-7 155,2 156<usually>,3 157,2
158,9 166,2&11/3/4/5/7/10/13<the latter including a few pests>
167,1&2&4&5&7&9 168,1-3 171,1/2 173,1/2/3 174,1 175,1/2 176,1/2
177,2<Lagriinae>/3 179,1/2 180<when present,>,1-5 182,2 183,1 184,1/2/3
185,3 186,1/2 187,1 188,1/2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,9/10 194,1/2 195,1<these
annular or annular-multiforous> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,1/2
205,2/1&2<including some facultative predators> 206<in divers
hanitats,>,1&2&3&4&5&7&10&14/13<including mealworms>
207<variously>,1&2&3&4&5&7&9 208<The larvae usually pigmented,
subcylindrical and strongly sclerotized, the legs usually short with the
first pair someimes longer; somewhat resembling those of
\i{}Elateridae\i0{}, but with distinct clypeus and labrum and abdominal
segment 9 not conical.> 209,3 210,2 211,21 212<at least>,20000<in 9
subfamilies> 214,44 215,30 216<\i{}Alphitobius, Alphitophagus, Blaps,
Bolitophagus, Corticeus, Crypticus, Cteniopus, Cylindronotus, Diaperis,
Elodona, Gonodera, Gnatocerus, Helops, Isomira, Lagria, Latheticus,
Melanimon, Mycetochara, Omophilus, Opatrum, Palorus, Pentaphyllus,
Phaleria, Phelan, Platydema, Prionychus, Pseudocistela, Scaphidema,
Tenebrio, Tribolium\i0{}> 217<\i{}Blaps lethifera\i0{} (Blunt-tailed
Blaps); \i{}Cylindronotus pallidus\i0{} (Welch Helops); \i{}Corticeus
bicolor\i0{} (Black-and-red Hypophlaeus); \i{}Lagria hirta\i0{};
\i{}Melanimon tibialis\i0{} (Little Opatrum); \i{}Tenebrio obscurus\i0{}
(Flour-beetle); \i{}Alphitobius laevigatus\i0{} (Bake-house beetle);
\i{}Elodona Agricola\i0{}; \i{}Pseudocistela ceramboides\i0{};
\i{}Omophilus rufitarsis\i0{}> 218<Beetles of very diverse form, variously
dull brown or black, or (Lagriidae) yellowish brown, dark blue or green and
sometimes metallic; the eyes deeply indented, the thorax and/or elytra
often sculptured, and the sides of thorax often with distinct lateral
margins.> 219<tenebrio> 
 
# Tetratomidae/
1<\i{}Melandryidae\i0{} p.p.> 2<Polypore fungus beetles> 3,3-4 4,1.9-2.36
5,3-5.05 6,1 7,1 11<rather>,4 14,2 17<head and elytra black, thorax yellow>
18,1 20,1/2 21,2 22,2 32,1 34,2 35,2 39,1 40,1 42,1 43,1 44,2 45,1/2 46,1
50,1 51,2 52,2 55,11 59,3 61,4<elongate> 65,1/2 68,1 70,0.45-0.7 71,1 72,1
77,2 79,1 80,2 81,1 82,2 85,1 86,2 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,2 93,2 94,1 95,1
96,1 97,1 98,2 99,1 100,1 101,1 103,2 105,2 109,3 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,3
115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1 123,2 124,2 127,1.45-1.83 131,1 133,2 135,1
140,3 142,2 145,1 149,2 150,1 151,2 154,5 155,1/2 156<when present,>,2
157,2 158,9 165,2<?> 166,7<especially with fruit bodies of wood-rotting
fungi> 167,9 168,2-3 171,1 173,1/2 174,1 175,1/2 176,2 177,3 179,1 180,5
182,1 183,1 184,2 185,3 186,2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5 192,1 193,10 194,2
195,1<these annular-biforous> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,1 206,7 207,9<commonly
consuming fruit bodies of lignicolous toadstools and polypores> 209,3 210,2
211,21 212<about>,30 214,3 215,1 216<\i{}Tetratoma\i0{}> 217<\i{}T.
ancora\i0{} (Black-and-yellow Tetratoma)> 218<the elytra punctured>
219<tetratom> 
 
# Throscidae/
1<\i{}Trixagidae\i0{}> 3,1.5-3.3 4,1.9-3.42 5,1.04-4 6,1 7,1 9,4 14,2 15,1
17<related to \i{}Elateridae\i0{}> 20,1/2 21,2 22,2 25,2 29,1-2 32,1/2 34,2
35,1 38,2 39,1 40,1 42,3 43,2/3 44,1 45,1 46,1 50,2 51,1 52,2 55,8-9/11
59,3 61,3<serrate> 65,1/2 67,1/2 68,1 70,0.5-0.93 71,1 72,2 77,2 78,1 79,1
80,1 81,1 82,1/2 85,1 86,3-4 87,2 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,3 93,3 94,2 95,1 96,1
97,2 98,3 99,1 100,1 101,1 103,1 105<contiguous,>,1<with transverse
cavities> 109,2 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1
121,1<this with no more than two setae>/2 123,1 124,3 127,0.66-2.52 131,1-3
140,1 141,3 142,2 145,1/2 149,1 150,2 154,5 155,2<only the fifth being
movable> 156,3/4 157,1/2 158,1 166,1&11 168,1/2 171,1 173,2 174,1 175,2
176,2 177,2/3 179,2 182,1 183,3 184,1 185,3 186,2 187,1 188,2 189,1 190,5
192,1 193,10 194,2 195,1<these annular> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,1 206,2/3/14
207,3&4/9<with \i{}Trixagus dermestoides\i0{} reported as feeding on
mycorrhyzal fungi> 208<The larvae soft-bodied and small-headed with very
short legs, the mandibles biting outwards as in \i{}Eucnemidae\i0{}.> 209,3
210,3 211,13 212<about>,150 214,5 215,2 216<\i{}Aulonothroscus\i0{},
\i{}Trixagus\i0{}> 217<\i{}T. obtusus\i0{} (Minute Throscus)> 218<Elateroid
beetles, but without the clicking mechanism of \i{}Elateridae\i0{} (the
elongated prosternal extension here being broad and flat). As in the
\i{}Elateridae\i0{} but unlike the \i{}Eucnemidae\i0{}, the adult labrum is
visible from above.> 219<throscid> 
 
# Trogidae/
1<~\i{}Scarabaeidae\i0{}-Troginae> 2<Hide beetles> 3,5-10 4,1.55-1.95
5,2-3.2 6,1/2 7,1 9,2-3 11,2-3 14,2 15,2-3 20,1/2 21,2 22,1/2 27,2 28,2
29,2-3<the head deflexed and the mouthparts concealed to the extent that
the mandibles are not visible from above> 32<not each divided into upper
and lower halves,>,1/2 34,2 35,1 39,2 40,1/- 42,1/2 44,1 45,2 46,1 50,1
51,2 52,1 53,1 54,2 55,9<cf. Jessop>/10 59,3 60<tightly>,1<but with the
capacity to open fan-like> 65,2 67,2 68,1 69,1 70,0.55-0.85 71,1 72,1
75,1/2 77,2 79,1 80,2 81,1 82,1/2 84,1/2 85<when not interrupted,>,1 86,2
87,2 89,1 90,2 91,4 92,1/2 93,1/2 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,1 98,1 99,1 100,2 101,1
103,1 109,2 110,2 111,3 113,1 114,3 115,3 116,1 117,2 118,2 120,1
121<usually>,2<or this very inconspicuous and not setose> 123,1 124,3
127,1.1-1.32 129,1 130,1<the pygidium concealed> 131,1 132,2 135,2
137,1/2/4<heavily sculptured> 140,1/3 141<when more than five,>,4 142,2
143,1 144<broad,>,1 145,1/2 149,1 150,2 154,5 155,1 157,1/2 158,1 165,2
166,9&10<in dry carrion, old bones and in birds nests> 167,1&2<towards the
end of the succession of insects invading carcasses, being mostly
associated with dry animal material including bones> 168,2 171,1 172,1
173,1 174,1 175,2 176,2 177,3 179,2 182,1/2 183,1 184,1/2 185,4 186,2 187,1
188,2 189,1 190,5 191,1<the tarsal claws long and acute, unlike those of
Geotrupidae and Scarabaeidae> 192,1 193,10 194,1 195,1<these biforous,
bilabiate or cribriform> 196,3 199,2 200,4 202,2 206,9/10<or rather, in
vertical burrows in the soil under the food source> 207,1/2<primarily
consuming dried skin and hair> 208<The larvae curved, with three pairs of
well-developed legs with prominent claws, not stridulating.> 209,3 210,4
211,19 212<about>,300 213,3 214,3<\i{}T. perlatus\i0{}, \i{}T.
sabulosus\i0{}, \i{}T. scaber\i0{}> 215,1 216<\i{}Trox\i0{}> 217<\i{}T.
sabulosus\i0{} (Sand-loving Trox)> 218<Beetles dorsally heavily sculptured
and dull black, sometimes with tufts of setae, often stridulating by
rubbing the edges of abdominal segments against the internal margins of the
elytra.> 219<trogidae> 
 
# Trogossitidae/
1<including \i{}Lophocateridae\i0{}, \i{}Ostomatidae\i0{},
\i{}Ostomidae\i0{}, \i{}Temnochilidae\i0{}, \i{}Temnoscheilidae\i0{}>
2<Bark-gnawing beetles> 3,5-11 4,1.25-7.65 5,1.75-4.58 6,1/2 7,1/2 9,3-4/5
11,1 14,2 15,3 20,1/2 21,1/2 22,1/2 27,1 29,1 32,1/2 34,1/2 39,1 40,1
42,1/2/3 43,1-3 44,1/2 45,1/2/3<some Trogossitinae only> 46,1 50,1 51,2
52,1-2 55,10 58,2 59,3 61,1/3 65,1/2 67,2 68,1 69,1 70,0.3-1.52 71,1 72,1
75,1-2 76,1/2 77,2 79,1/2-3<some Trogossitinae> 80<when applicable,>,2 81,1
82,1/2/3 85,1 86,2 87,1/2 89,1 90,1/2<some Trogossitinae>
91,1-2/4<Trogossitinae> 92,2/3 93,1/2 94,2 95,1 96,1 97,1 98,2/3 99,1 100,1
101,1 103,1 105,2 109,3 110,2 111,2 113,1 114,2/3<actually 5 segmented,
with a tiny basal segment> 115,2<ostensibly>/3<actually 5> 116,- 117,2
118,2 120,1/2 121,1<this bisetose> 123,1 124,2/3 127,0.82-3.3 129,1 130,1
131,1/3 133,1/2 140,1<some Lophocaterinae>/2<some Trogossitinae>/3 141<when
more than five,>,4 142,2 145,1/2 149,1/2 150,2 154,5-6 155,1/2 156<when
present,>,2/4-6 157,2 158,8 165<variously>,1/2 166,1&11/3/7/4/13<e.g., in
stored cereals> 167<commonly>,4/7/9 168,2 171,1 173,1-3 174,1 175,1 176,2
177,3 179,1/2<some Peltinae> 180<when present,>,3-6
182,1<mostly>/2<\i{}Thymalus\i0{}> 183,1 184,2
185,2<Rentoniinae>/3<mostly>/4<some Peltinae> 186,1/2 187,1 188,2 189,1
190,5 192,1 193,10 194,1/2 195,1<these consistently annular-biforous> 196,3
199,2 200,4 202,1<usually>/2<some Rentoniinae only> 205,1<or facultatively
so>/2 206<in divers habitats,>,3&4&5&7<often in tunnels of wood boring
insects, and commonly in bracket fungi> 208<The larvae, elongate, whitish,
subcylindrical or tapered towards the head, head exserted, with several
pairs of ocelli, the pronotum and segment 9 sclerotized.> 209,3 210,2 211,7
212<about>,600 214,2 215,2 216<\i{}Nemozoma\i0{}, \i{}Tenebroides\i0{}>
217<\i{}Nemozoma elongatum\i0{} (Elongated Nemosoma); \i{}Tenebroides
mauritanicus\i0{}> 218<Beetles without erect bristles, though sometimes
clothed with scales; the head cleft in front and the eyes borne well in
front of the thorax.> 219<trogossi> 
 
# \b{}Strepsiptera\b0{}/
3,1.5-3.5 30,1 35,2<very granular in appearance> 52,1-2
55,4<\i{}Elenchidae\i0{}>/6<\i{}Stylopidae\i0{}>/7<\i{}Halictophagidae\i0{}>
59<with lateral extensions on the third segment only in \i{}Elenchidae\i0{}
and \i{}Stylopidae\i0{}, or pectinate in \i{}Halictophagidae\i0{}> 110<with
2-4 segments> 126,1<but vestigial, in males>/2<females> 130<those of
males>,2<analagous to the halteres of Diptera> 207<late instars>,11<on
insects from many orders, but especially Hymenoptera and Hemiptera> 209,-
211,- 212<about>,600<in 10 families> 214<about>,20 215,4<in the families
\i{}Elenchidae\i0{}, \i{}Halictophagidae\i0{} and \i{}Stylopidae\i0{}>
216<\i{}Elenchus\i0{}, \i{}Halictophagus\i0{}, \i{}Stylops\i0{}>
217<\i{}Elenchus tenuicornis\i0{}, \i{}Halictophagus curtisi\i0{} (Lulworth
Stylopid), \i{}Stylops dalei\i0{} (Dale's Stylopid: but see the recently
corrected specific epithet, \i{}dalii\i0{}!)> 218<a small Order,
sometimes associated taxonomically with the Coleoptera. Males free-living
and actively flying; females larviform, usually parasitic, in puparia
within the hosts. The males legs are unique among insects in lacking
trochanters. A more detailed description of the Order is available in the
accompanying, Orders data set> 219<strepsip> 
