*SHOW Bumblebees and Cuckoo-bees (\i{}Bombus\i0{} and 
\i{}Psithyrus\i0{}) - item descriptions. 4 July 2011. 
 
*ITEM DESCRIPTIONS 
 
# Bombus <Latreille>/
2<Humble- or Bumble-bees> 4,1 5,1 6,1 8,1/2<also in locations provided
by humans, such as coat pockets, lawn mowers, furniture drawers, etc.>
10,10-22 25,2 27,12<females>/13<males>/- 33,1/2<unpatterned black or
ginger, or conspicuously patterned with black and grey, whitish, pale
brownish, yellowish or gingerish> 37,6-10 39,1 41,2 49<when
concolorous, black, dark brown, reddish brown, ginger or rarely
yellow; when patterned, black-and-orange or reddish orange,
black-and-brown or reddish brown, black-and-yellow, black-and-white,
black and grey and yellow, or black and yellow and white>
50,6<females>/7<males>/- 51,2/1 70,2 79,1 82<about>,20<with over
twenty subspecies> 83,1&2&3&4&5&6&8&7
84,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/22/23/24/25/26/27/28<
>/29/30/31/32/33/34/35/36/37/38/39/40/41/42/43/44/45/46/47/48/49/50/51/52/53<
>/54/55/56/57/58/59/60/61/62/63/64/65/66/67/68/69/70/71/72/73/74/75/76/77/78<
>/79/80/81/82/83/84/85/86/87/88/89/90/91/92/93/94/95/96/97/98/99/100/101/102<
>/103/104/105/106/107/108/109/110/111/112/113
85,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/22/23/24/25/26/27/28<
>/29/30/31/32/33/34/35/36/37/38/39/40 86<throughout the British Isles>
89<The adult males have no sting and bigger eyes than the females, as
well as 13-segmented antennae that are longer than the 12-segmented
ones of females. In addition to details of the hind tibiae (q.v.),
\i{}Bombus\i0{} adults differ from those of \i{}Psithyrus\i0{} in the
often less pigmented wings; the female abdomen is hairier, less
pointed and softer, exuding wax between its segments, and the
mandibles are more toothed (for moulding wax) than pointed.> 90,2
91<bombus> 
 
# Bombus cullumanus <(Kirby)>/
3,4 4,1 6,1 9,3 10,14-15 16,1 17,1 18<pale> 19,2 20,5 21,2 25,2 26,2
28,1<the 5th about three-quarters as long as the 3rd and 4th together>
33,1<black with a fairly broad pale anterior band> 34,1 36,3/5/7 39,1
40,1 41,2 43,2 46,2 48,2 49<black, with a yellowish bar across the
middle and a reddish tail> 51,1 53,1 54,1 55,6/7/9 59,1 62,1 75,1-2
76,5 78,3<and not fringed> 79,1 80,1-2<not fringed> 81,1 83,1
84,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/22/23/24<
>/30/33/34/113 86<formerly with scattered records from chalkland
habitats in southern England, last recorded in 1941 and now supposedly
extinct there> 89<females resembling \i{}B. pratorum\i0{} in
appearance but with the black abdominal band anterior to the tail
narrower (confined to the third tergite), males more like those of
\i{}B. lapidarius\i0{}> 91<culluman> 
 
# Bombus distinguendus <Morawitz>/
3,7 4,1 6,1 8,2 9,1 10,14-21<queens about 20 mm, workers 16 mm, males
15 mm> 16,2 17,2 18<pale>,4 19<pale>,1 20,4 21,3 22,2 25,2 28,2 31,1
33,1<mustard yellow fore and aft, with a broad blackish median band>
34,2 36,8 39,1 41,2 43,1 47,2 48,2 49<medianly black over the two
tergites adjacent to the thorax, otherwise mustard-yellowish and
progressively paler towards the tail> 51,2-1 53,2 59,2 65,2 75,1-2
76,1 77,6 78,3 79,1 80,2 81,1-2 83,3&4&5&7
84,1/2/3/4/6/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/20/21/22/23/24/26/27/28<
>/29/30/31/32/33/34/35/37/38/39/41/46/48/49/52/53<
>/54/55/58/61/62/63/64/65/66/67/68/69/70/71/72/73/75/76/77/78<
>/79/80/81/82/83/84/85/86/87/88/89/92/93/94/95/96/97/98/99/100/101/102<
>/103/104/105/106/107/108/109/110/111
85,1/2/3/4/5/6/9/10/13/15/16/18/19/20/21/22/23/27/28<
>/29/30/31/35/38/39 86<formerly widespread over in the British Isles,
especially coastally, but now seemingly confined to the north of
Scotland, Hebrides, Orkney and west Galway> 87,4-8<females>/7-8<males>
88<in flower-rich, open places> 89<hair coat long> 91<distingu> 
 
# Bombus hortorum <(Linnaeus)>/
1<subspecies \i{}hortorum\i0{} s. str., subspecies \i{}ivernicus\i0{}
Sladen (\i{}splendida\i0{} Stelfox)> 2<Garden bumblebee> 3,8 4,1 6,1
8,2 9,1 10,12-22<queens about 17-20, workers 11-16, males 14-15>
11,1<usually>/2 12<when unpatterned,>,2<melanism being fairly common>
16,2 17,3 18,5 19,2 20,5 21,2 22,1 23,1<the distinctively long tongue
is commonly 1.5 cm, sometimes reaching 2 cm> 24,2 25,2 28,2 29,1 33,1
34,2 35,1 36,7/8/9 39,1 41,2 42,2 43,1 47,2 48,2 49<black, with an
anterior yellowish band and a whitish tail> 51,1 53,1 55,1-2 59,1
60,1<this extending from the first tergite onto the middle of the
second> 66,2 67,2 69,2 75,1 76,2 77,9 78,1-2 79,1 80,1 81,1
83,1&2&3&4&5&6&8&7
84,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/22/23/24/25/26/27/28<
>/29/30/31/32/33/34/35/36/37/38/39/40/41/42/43/44/45/46/47/48/49/50/51/52/53<
>/54/55/56/57/58/59/60/61/62/63/64/65/66/67/68/69/70/71/72/73/74/75/76/77/78<
>/79/80/81/82/83/84/85/86/87/88/89/90/91/92/93/94/95/96/97/98/99/100/101/102<
>/103/104/105/106/107/108/109/110/111/112/113
85,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/11/12/13/16/17/19/20/21/22/24/25/26/27/28<
>/29/31/32/33/34/35/36/37/38/39/40 86<widespread throughout the
British Isles, in divers habitats including gardens>
87,2-8<females>/5-8<males> 89<the adult insects of the common \i{}B.
hortorum\i0{} are often not reliably separable morphologically from
those of the scarce \i{}B. ruderatus\i0{}, although genuinely
all-black specimens (as distinct from dark ones with white tails) are
perhaps all referable to the latter.> 91<hortorum> 
 
# Bombus humilis <Illiger>/
1<\i{}B. helferanus\i0{} Seidl, \i{}solstitialis\i0{} (Panzer);
subspecies \i{}anglicus\i0{} Yarrow (\i{}venustus\i0{} Smith)> 3,9 4,1
6,1 8,2 9,1 10,10-18<queens about 17 mm, workers and males 13 mm>
11,2<save for a median-dorsal black patch on abdominal segments 1 and
2> 12,1 17,2 18<pale>,3 20,3 22,1 25,2 29,2 30,2 31,1 32,1
33,2<homogeneously dark ginger-haired, except for a few black hairs at
the base of each wing> 39,1 41,2 43,1 49<cf. that of \i{}B.
distinguendus\i0{} and \i{}muscorum\i0{}: medianly black over the two
tergites adjacent to the thorax, otherwise ginger and progressively
paler and paler towards the tail, with no black hairs among the ginger
ones, the pubescence relatively short and even> 51,2-1 52,1 53,2 59,2
64,2 65,2 66,1 67,1 75,2 76,5 77,1 78,1 79,1 80,1 81,1<as a hook>
83,1&2&7
84,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/22/23/24/25/26<
>/31/32/33/34/35/36/37/38/39/40/41/42/43/44/45/48/49/50/51/52<
>/54/55/56/57/58/59/60/61/62/63/64/65/66/67/68/69/70/71/81 85,2
86<southern and Midlands England and Wales north to Anglesey, East
Anglia; absent from the north, from Scotland, and from Ireland with
the exception of N. Kerry> 87,3-9<females>/6-9<males> 88<especially in
flower-rich coastal and chalk grasslands> 89<Apart from microscopic
details of the male genitalia (see the accompanying illustrations) and
(according to Saunders) the male antennae, adults of \i{}B.
humilis\i0{} and \i{}B. muscorum\i0{} are distinguishable
morphologically only by presence of a few thoracic black hairs near
the bases of the wings of the former, and the less velvety, more
ragged appearance of the less dense indumentum of \i{}B. humilis\i0{}
when fresh. The distributions overlap and they are described as having
much the same the life histories and habitats; i.e., the two species
seem weakly circumscribed.> 91<humilis> 
 
# Bombus hypnorum <(Linnaeus)>/
2<Tree Bumblebee> 4,1 6,1 9,1 10,13-19<queens about 18 mm, workers 14
mm, males 16 mm> 16,1 17,1 18,5 19,2 20,5 21,2 25,2 31,1
33,2<homogeneously bright orangy-ginger haired> 39,1 41,2 47,2
49<black apart from the conspicuous white tail> 51,1 53,1 55,1 59,2
69,2 75,1-2 76,5 77,5 78,3 79,1 80,2 81,2<fairly> 83,1&2
84,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/22/23/24/25/26/27/28<
>/29/30/31/32/33/34/35/37/38/39/40/41/42/44/45/50/51/53<
>/54/55/56/57/58/59/61/62/63/64/66/67/68 86<only recently recorded in
the U.K, but seemingly spreading: now widespread in England north to
Hertfordshire and northeast to Northumberland, as yet absent from
northwest England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland>
87,2-7<females>/3-7<males> 88<a species of woodland and urban habitats
in mainland Europe, in Britain most often recorded in gardens>
91<hypnorum> 
 
# Bombus jonellus <(Kirby)>/
1<subspecies \i{}jonellus\i0{} s. str., \i{}monapiae\i0{} Kruseman,
\i{}hebridensis\i0{} Wild, \i{}vogtii\i0{} Richards (\i{}nivalis\i0{}
misident., \i{}atrocorbicularis\i0{} Vogt)> 3,5 4,1 6,1 9,1/3<the
males more slender, the anterior abdominal pale band indistinct or
lacking> 10,11-17<queens about 16 mm, workers and males 12mm> 15,1
16,1 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,5 21,2 25,2 26,2 29,1 33,1<blackish, with
orange-yellow anterior and posterior bands> 34,2 36<pale>,7/3/5/6 39,1
41,2 43,2 47,2 48,2 49<anteriorly orange-yellow (less conspicuously so
in the male), medianly blackish (more broadly so in the male),
white-tailed> 51,1 53,1 55,1-2 59,1/2<in some males> 69,1 75,1-2 76,5
77,5 78,3 79,1 80,2 81,2<fairly> 83,1&2&3&4&5&6&7
84,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/22/25/27<
>/30/33/34/35/38/39/40/41/42/43/44/45/46/47/48/49/50/51/52<
>/55/57/58/59/60/61/62/63/64/65/66/67/68/69/70/71/73/74/75/76<
>/80/82/83/84/85/86/87/89/90/91/92/93/94/95/96/97/98/99/100/101/102<
>/103/104/105/106/107/108/109/110/111/112
85,1/2/3/4/5/6/9/12/13/15/16/17/20/21/27/28< >/29/30/33/34/35/38/39/40
86<widespread throughout the British Isles> 87,2-8<females>/4-9<males>
88<mainly heaths and moorlands in the north, also on calcareous
grasslands and in gardens in the south> 91<jonellus> 
 
# Bombus lapidarius <(Linnaeus)>/
2<Red-tailed bumblebee> 3,3 4,1 6,1 8,1 9,3<the males with an
orange-yellow anterior thoracic band, and the tail one yellower>
10,10-23<queens about 20-22, workers 11-16, males 14-16>
13,1<females>/2<some males> 15,2 16,1 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1<less bright
than in the males> 21,2 25,2 26,2 28,2 29,1<the 4th only about 2/3 as
long> 33,1<black with a broad yellow anterior band and a paler
posterior one in some males>/2<black and unbanded in the females, or
occasionally these exhibiting a narrow pale prothoracic band> 34<in
males,>,2/1<occasionally, in females> 36<when banded, in
males>,7/8/1<the posterior one lighter> 39,1 40,1 41,2 43,2 46,1 48,1
49<black save for the conspicuous orange-red tail, which is paler in
the males> 51,1 53,1 54,1 55<over tergites 4-6,>,7 59,1<in some
males>/2 60<when banded, in some males>,1 75,1 76,5 77,3 78,3 79,1
80<small but>,1<not fringed> 81,1 83,1&2&3&4&5&8&7
84,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/22/23/24/25/26/27/28<
>/29/30/31/32/33/34/35/36/37/38/39/40/41/42/43/44/45/46/47/48/49/50/51/52/53<
>/54/55/56/57/58/59/60/61/62/63/64/65/66/67/68/69/70/71/72/73/74/75/76/77/78<
>/79/80/81/82/83/84/85/86/87/88/89/90/91/92/93/94/95/96/97/98/99/100/101/102<
>/103/104/105/106/107/108/109/111/113
85,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/9/10/12/15/16/19/20/21/22/25/27/28<
>/29/30/31/32/33/34/35/37/38 86<widespread throughout the British
Isles> 87,5-8<males>/2-8<females> 91<lapidari> 
 
# Bombus lucorum <(Linnaeus)>/
1<subspecies \i{}lucorum\i0{} s. str. and \i{}magnus\i0{} Vogt>
2<White-tailed bumblebee> 3,1 4,1 6,1 8,1 9,3<the males have a
distinctive yellow nose, and the thoracic and abdominal yellow banding
is somewhat broader> 10,11-20<queens about 19-20, workers 11-17, males
14-16> 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,5 21,2 25,2 26,1 28,2 29,1
33,1<blackish-greyish, with a narrow bright lemon-yellow anterior
band; and some males with an additional yellow band posteriorly>
34,1<mostly>/2<in some males> 36<clear>,9<sometimes less bright in the
queens> 39,1 41,2 43,2 45,2 47,1 48,1/2 49<in queens black with an
orange band across the middle and a whitish tail, the less
contrastingly patterned workers and males blackish-greyish with the
central yellow band paler and the tail white> 51,1 53,1 55,1-2/4 59,1
60,1/2 75,1-2 76,5 77,8 78,3 79,1 80,1 81,3 83,1&2&3&4&5&6&8&7
84,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/22/23/24/25/26/27/28<
>/29/30/31/32/33/34/35/36/37/38/39/40/41/42/43/44/45/46/47/48/49/50/51/52/53<
>/54/55/56/57/58/59/60/61/62/63/64/65/66/67/68/69/70/71/72/73/74/75/76/77/78<
>/79/80/81/82/83/84/85/86/87/88/89/90/91/92/93/94/95/96/97/98/99/100/101/102<
>/103/104/105/106/107/108/109/110/111/112/113
85,1/2/3/4/5/6/8/9/12/13/15/16/17/20/21/25/26/27/28<
>/29/30/31/32/33/34/35/36/37/38/39/40 86<common and widespread in
divers habitats throughout the British Isles, frequently in gardens>
87,1-8<females>/4-8<males> 89<The males have a distinctive yellow
nose, but workers of \i{}B. lucorum\i0{} and \i{}B. terrestris\i0{}
may not be reliably distinguishable in the field> 91<lucorum> 
 
# Bombus monticola <Smith>/
1<\i{}B. lapponicus\i0{} (misident.), subspecies \i{}scoticus\i0{}
Pittioni> 3,5 4,1 6,1 9,3<male thorax blacker in the middle and with
paler yellow bands, the abdomen more conspicuously black-banded
anteriorly and redder posteriorly> 10,12-18<queens about 16 mm,
workers 12 mm, males 14 mm> 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,5 21,1 25,2
26,2 33,1 34,2<black, banded lemon-yellowish fore and aft, the rear
band broadly C-shaped and more or less as wide laterally as in the
middle> 36,9 39,1 41,2 43,2 47,2 48,2 49<of females black or yellow
adjacent to the thorax, otherwise gingerish red; in the males
conspicuously black-banded over the proximal third, otherwise bright
orange-red thence to the tip of the tail> 51,1 53,1 54,1
55,7<occupying tergites 2-6, i.e about half the length of the abdomen,
tending to yellowish laterally on tergites 4 and 5> 59,1/2
60,1/3<tergite 1 of females black or yellow> 61,2 75,1 76,5 77,5 78,3
79,1 80,2 81,2<fairly> 83,1&2&3&7 84,1/2/3/4/5/9/20/25/26/27/28<
>/33/35/36/37/39/40/41/42/43/44/45/46/47/48/49/50/51/52<
>/57/58/59/60/63/64/65/66/67/68/69/70/71/73/74/75/76/78<
>/79/80/81/82/83/84/85/86/87/88/89/90/91/92/93/94/95/96/97/98/99/100/101/102<
>/103/105/106/107/108/109 85,12/13/19/20/21/37/38/39/40 86<mainly
uplands of Scotland, Wales, and northern and midlands England, absent
from eastern and southeastern England; in Ireland restricted to the
north and south-east> 87,3-8<females>/6-8<males> 88<mostly a montane
and moorland species, often associated with \i{}Vaccinium\i0{}> 89<the
adults of \i{}B. monticola\i0{} and \i{}B. pratorum\i0{} are scarcely
distinguishable morphologically, but \i{}B. pratorum\i0{} is less red
in the tail and the pale banding is mid-yellow, by contrast with the
lemon-yellow of \i{}B. monticola\i0{}> 91<monticol> 
 
# Bombus muscorum <(Linnaeus)>/
1<subspecies \i{}allenellus\i0{} Stelfox, \i{}celticus\i0{} Yarrow
(\i{}pallidus\i0{} Evans), \i{}liepeterseni\i0{} Loken (misidentified
as \i{}smithianus\i0{} and \i{}arcticus\i0{} Smith),
\i{}orcadensis\i0{} Richards, \i{}scyllonius\i0{} Richards, and
\i{}sladeni\i0{} Vogt> 3,9 4,1 6,1 8,2 9,1 10,13-19<queens about 18
mm, workers 14 mm, males 14 mm> 11,2<save for a median-dorsal black
patch on abdominal segments 1 and 2> 12,1 17,2 18,3 19,4 20,5 21,2<?>
22,1 25,2 29,1 30,2 31,1 32,2 33,2<homogeneously brightly light
ginger-haired, with no black hairs> 39,1 41,2 43,1 49<cf. that of
\i{}B. humilis\i0{} and \i{}B. distinguendus\i0{}: medianly black over
the two tergites adjacent to the thorax, otherwise ginger and
progressively paler and paler towards the tip> 51,2-1 52,1 53,2 59,2
64,2 65,2 66,1 67,1 75,2 76,5 77,1 78,1-2 79,1 80,1 81,1
83,1&2&3&4&5&6&8&7
84,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/21/22/23/25/27/28<
>/29/31/33/34/35/37/39/40/41/42/43/44/45/46/47/48/49/50/51/52/53<
>/54/55/56/57/58/59/60/61/62/63/64/65/66/67/68/69/70/71/72/73/74/75/76/77/78<
>/79/80/81/82/83/84/85/86/87/88/89/90/92/93/94/95/96/97/98/99/100/101/102<
>/103/104/105/106/107/108/109/110/111/113
85,1/2/3/4/5/6/9/12/13/16/21/22/24/25/28< >/29/31/33/34/35/37/38/39/40
86<widespread throughout the British Isles, commoner northwards and
westwards> 87,3-8<females>/6-9<males> 88<tending to prefer grasslands
of tall grasses and scattered flowers, especially legumes, labiates,
knapweeds and \i{}Bartsia\i0{}> 89<Apart from microscopic details of
the male genitalia (see the accompanying illustrations) and (according
to Saunders) the male antennae, adults of \i{}B. humilis\i0{} and
\i{}B. muscorum\i0{} are distinguishable morphologically only by
presence of a few thoracic black hairs near the bases of the wings of
the former, and the more velvety appearance of the indumentum of
\i{}B. muscorum\i0{} when fresh. The distributions overlap and they
are described as having much the same the life histories and habitats;
i.e., the two species seem weakly circumscribed.> 91<muscorum> 
 
# Bombus pascuorum <(Scopoli)>/
1<\i{}B. agrorum\i0{} (Fabricius); subspecies \i{}floralis\i0{}
(Gmelin in Linnaeus), \i{}septentrionalis\i0{} Vogt, and
\i{}vulgo\i0{} Harris> 2<Brown-banded carder bee> 3,9 4,1 6,1 8,2 9,1
10,10-18<queens about 16-18, workers 10-15, males 13-14>
11<fairly>,1-2<males being variable regarding patches or bands of
black hairs> 12,1 17,2 18,3 19,4 20,3-4 22,1 25,2 30,1 31<dark>,1<but
with a few black hairs intermingled> 33,2 39,1 41,2 43,1 49<ginger,
but the hairs somewat paler than those of the thorax and with variable
intermingling or patches of black hairs> 51<fairly>,1<with black zones
in some males>/2 52,1 53,2 64,1 65,1 66,2 67,1 75,2 76,5 77,4 78,1
79,1 80,1 81,3 83,1&2&3&5&8&7
84,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/22/23/24/25/26/27/28<
>/29/30/31/32/33/34/35/36/37/38/39/40/41/42/43/44/45/46/47/48/49/50/51/52/53<
>/54/55/56/57/58/59/60/61/62/63/64/65/66/67/68/69/70/71/72/73/74/75/76/77/78<
>/79/80/81/82/83/84/85/86/87/88/89/90/91/92/93/94/95/96/97/98/99/100/101/102<
>/103/104/105/106/107/108/109/111/113
85,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/15/16/17/19/20/21/22/24/25/26/27/28<
>/29/31/32/33/34/35/36/37/38/39/40 86<widespread throughout the
British Isles> 87,2-9<females>/5-9<males> 88<in divers habitats,
common in gardens> 89<the commonest of the British ginger bumblebees>
91<pascuoru> 
 
# Bombus pomorum <(Panzer)>/
3,6 6,1 9,2 10,12-18 16,2 17,2-3<about 1.5 times as long> 18,5 19,2
20,5 21,2 22,1 24,3 25,2 28,1<and the 4th about half as long as the
5th> 29,1<about 1.5 times as long> 33,1<in males>/2<in females; black
in females, greyish and black-banded in males> 34<in males>,2 39,1
40<mostly>,1<but these at least sometimes tipped reddish-yellow> 41,1
43,1 48,2 51,1 53,1 54,1 55,7<over tergites 4 and 6 and merging into
the black on tergite 3 in females, grey only on tergite 1 and red on
the rest in males> 59,2 67,1 75,2 76,4 77,1<but somwhat dilated, only
somewhat truncate, and rather conspicuously hooked>/- 78,1-2 79,1
80,1<not internally fringed> 81,1<not fringed internally> 83,1
84,15/113 86<Formerly recorded from Deal in Kent, last seen in 1864(or
1837? - see Saunders) and now assumed extinct in Britain> 89<The
description applies to typical \i{}B. pomorum\i0{}, the only form
recorded in Britain.> 91<pomorum> 
 
# Bombus pratorum <(Linnaeus)>/
2<Early bumblebee> 3,5 4,1 6,1 9,3<the males with the yellow banding
paler, and the yellow abdominal band is sometimes weaker in workers
than in queens> 10,10-18<queens about 15-17, workers 10-14, males
11-13> 15,1 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,5 21,2 25,2 26,2 28,2<the fifth being
scarcely longer> 29,1-2<i.e., the 4th somewhat longer in proportion to
the third than in \i{}B. jonellus\i0{}> 33,1<black, with a fairly
broad gingery- to mid-yellow (females) or mid-yellow (males) anterior
band only, or males pale-banded both anteriorly and posteriorly>/2<the
anterior pale band sometimes being reduced to a few hairs in females>
34<when banded, i.e. usually,>,1<in females>/2<in males>
36,9<males>/7/5<females> 39,1 41,2 43,2 47,1 48,1 49<with a boad black
band involving more than one t anterior to the tail, and a
mid-yellowish bar across the middle which often has a central break or
may be absent or reduced to a few yellow hairs. The colour of the tail
also varies, but it usually exhibits some pink, orange or brown hairs>
51,1 53,1 54,1/2 55,4/7/5/8<the tail hairs varying from pinkish to
reddish or orange to brown in females, white in males>
59,1<usually>/2<the median mid-yellow band being sometimes reduced or
lacking> 60<when banded,>,2 62,2 75,1 76,5 77,5 78,3 79,1 80,2
81,2<fairly> 83,1&2&3&8&7
84,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/22/23/24/25/26/27/28<
>/29/30/31/32/33/34/35/36/37/38/39/40/41/42/43/44/45/46/47/48/49/50/51/52/53<
>/54/55/56/57/58/59/60/61/62/63/64/65/66/67/68/69/70/72/73/74/75/76/77/78<
>/79/80/81/82/83/84/85/86/87/88/89/90/91/92/93/94/95/96/97/98/99/100/101/102<
>/103/104/105/106/107/108/109/113 85,3/6/12/13/28<
>/29/30/31/32/33/34/35/36/37/38/39/40 86<common and widespread
throughout the British Isles in divers habitats, common in gardens>
87,2-8<females>/4-8<males> 91<pratorum> 
 
# Bombus ruderarius <(Mller>/
1<\i{}B. derhamellus\i0{} (Kirby)> 3,9 4,1 6,1 8,2 9,1/3<the male
thorax greyer fore and aft> 10,12-18<queens about 17 mm, workers 15
mm, males 13 mm> 13,1-2 16,1<that of the male clothed with black
hairs> 17,2 18,4/5/2&5 19,2 20,5 21,2 22,1 25,2 28,1 29,1<the 5th
almost as long as the 3rd and 4th together> 33,1<in some males
only>/2<black, in females> 34<when banded, i.e in some males,>,2 36,4
39,1 40,2 41,2 43,1 49<black or blackish (in males greyer), with a
faint narrow greyish band adjacent to the red tail> 51,1 53,1 54,1
55<over tergites 4-6,>,7 59<faintly to fairly>,1<in some males>/2
60<in males, when banded,>,2<this yellowish dark grey> 67,1 75,2 76,5
77,1 78,1 79,1 80,1 81,1 83,1&2&3&8&7
84,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/22/23/24/25/26/27/28<
>/29/30/31/32/33/34/36/37/38/39/40/53<
>/54/55/56/57/58/59/60/61/62/63/64/65/66/67/68/69/70/103/104/97/113
86<southern England and Wales, southern and north coastal Ireland, and
an extreme northerly population on the Inner Hebrides>
87,3-7<females>/6-7<males> 91<ruderari> 
 
# Bombus ruderatus <(Fabricius)>/
1<Subspecies \i{}perniger\i0{}(Harris); Kirbys \i{}B. hortorum\i0{}
var. \i{}harrisellus\i0{}, \i{}fidens\i0{} misident.> 3,8 4,1 6,1
9,1<but males usually of the paler form> 10,12-22<queens about 22 mm,
workers 16 mm, males 15 mm> 11,1<usually>/2 12<when
unpatterned,>,2<melanism being fairly common, especially in males>
16,2 17,3 18,5 19,2 20,5 21,2 22,1 24,1 25,2 33,1-2<blackish, often
with mustard-yellow anterior and posterior bands, but these varying in
intensity to dirty yellow or obscure> 34<when banded,>,2 35,2
36<bright>,8/3/2/1 39,1 40,1 41,2 42,1 43,1 47,2 48,2 49<in dark forms
of the females black with dark grey bands, in the lighter forms of the
females, and the males, banded grey and black, sometimes the grey
tinged with yellow or orange especially adjacent to the thorax>
51<fairly>,1/2<the females exhibiting pale forms, dark forms and
intermediates, the males seemingly confined to light forms>
53,1/2<almost, in some dark forms?> 55,1-2/4<usually white to greyish
white, or grey to buff in dark forms> 59,1-2 60,1<this confined to the
first tergite> 67,2 69,2 75,1 76,2 77,9 78,1-2 79,1 80,1 81,1 83,1&8
84,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/22/23/24/25/26/27/28<
>/29/30/31/32/33/34/36/37/38/39/40/53< >/54/55/60/61/62/66/67/68/113
86<rather scarce, confined to a few sites mainly in the English
midlands and southern and south-eastern England>
87,3-8<females>/5-8<males> 88<in flower-rich areas, especially fond of
legumes and nettles> 89<the adult insects of the common \i{}B.
hortorum\i0{} are often not reliably separable morphologically from
those of the scarce \i{}B. ruderatus\i0{}, although genuinely
all-black specimens (as distinct from merely dark ones with white
tails) may all be referable to the latter.> 91<ruderatu> 
 
# Bombus soroeensis <(Fabricius)>/
3,2 4,1 6,1 8,1 9,1 10,11-17<queens about 16 mm, workers 12 mm, males
13 mm> 15,2 17,1 18,5 19,2 20,5 21,2 25,2 26,2 28,1 29,3
33,1<blackish, apart from a lemon-yellow anterior band> 34,1 36,9 39,1
41,2 43,2 45,1 47,1 48,1 49<medianly black and laterally yellowish
adjacent to the thorax, and one or two faint narrow pale bands between
it and the white tail, the males additionally with a line of gingery
hairs adjoining the white tail> 51,1 53,1 55,1/4 59,1 60,2/3<with the
first abdominal tergite always black above but yellowish at the sides>
75,2 76,5 77,7 78,3 79,1 80,1 81,1 83,1&2&3
84,1/2/3/4/5/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/22/27< >/33/34/49/51/52<
>/54/55/56/57/58/59/60/63/65/66/67/68/69/70/72/73/74/75/76/77/78<
>/79/80/81/82/83/84/85/86/87/88/89/90/91/92/93/94/95/96/97/98/99/100/101/102<
>/103/104/105/106/107/108/109 86<recorded throughout Great Britain but
local, declining in the south and lacking from much of south-eastern
England and Ireland> 87,5-9<females>/7-9<males> 88<heathlands and
calcareous grasslands> 91<soroeens> 
 
# Bombus subterraneus <(Linnaeus)>/
1<subspecies \i{}latreillellus\i0{} (Kirby)> 3,7 4,1 6,1 8,1 9,1
10,15-20<?> 16,2 17,2 18<light to dark or mainly dark>
19,1&4<paler anteriorly> 20,5 21,2 22,2 23,2 25,2 28,2<the fifth only
slightly longer> 29,1 33,1<broadly black across the middle, with
gingery anterior and posterior bands which are brighter in the males>
34,1/2 36,7/3/8/5/6/1/2<varying in colour, and the posterior one when
present paler> 39,1 41,2 43,1 47,2 48,2 49<in females exhibiting the
hairs mostly black with rear fringes of brownish or pale hairs over
tergites 1-3, over the posterior tergites pale gingerish to whitish,
coat very short, especially on the anterior segments of the abdomen;
posteriorly brighter greenish- or gingerish-yellow in males, some of
which lack the anterior black banding> 51,2<some males>/1<mostly>
53,1/2<in some males> 55<when contrasting,>,1-2 59,1<mostly>/2<in some
males> 66,1 75,1-2 76,1 77,6 78,3 79,1 80,2 81,1-2 83,1
84,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/22/23/24/25/26/27/28<
>/29/30/31/32/33/34/36/37/38/39/46/53< >/54/55/56/57/58/63 86<formerly
confined in the British Isles to southern and south-eastern England,
last recorded at Dungeness in Kent in 1989 and now supposedly extinct>
87,4-9<females>/5-9<males> 88<heaths and grassy places, the females
strongly associated with legumes> 89<a rather large, distinctly
short-haired species> 91<subterra> 
 
# Bombus sylvarum <(Linnaeus)>/
1<subspecies \i{}distinctus\i0{} Vogt (\i{}nigrescens\i0{} Prez)> 3,9
4,1 6,1 8,2 9,1 10,12-28<queens about 17 mm, workers 14 mm, males 13
mm> 16,1<that of the male clothed with pale hairs> 17,2 18,2/6 19,5
20,2/6<cf. Saunders> 21,5 22,1 25,2 28,1<much shorter> 29,2<5th
approximately as long as 3rd and 4th together> 33<usually>,1<usually
yellowish-greenish-greyish fore and aft, rarely all black in dark
forms> 34<usually>,2<the pale posterior band in females wider in the
middle than laterally> 36,3/4/2 39,1 40,2 41,2 43,1 47,2 48,2
49<black, with a narrow pale band adjacent to the thorax (tergites 1
and 2), and another adjacent to the shortly orange-red tail> 51,1 53,1
54,1 55,7<in females over tergites 4-6, i.e. over less than half the
length of the abdomen, pale greenish grey over tergite 1> 59,1
60,1<this pale greenish or yellowish grey> 61,1 67,1 75,2 76,5 77,1
78,1 79,1 80,1 81,1<at least as a small terminal hook> 83,1&2&7
84,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/22/23/24/25/26<
>/29/30/31/32/33/34/35/36/37/38/40/41/42/43/44/45/46/48/49/50/51/52/53<
>/54/55/56/57/59/60/61/62/63/65/66/67/68/69/70 85,2/5/6/12/15/24/25
86<recorded from sites in the southeast of England and Wales, and in
southern Ireland> 87,3-9<females>/6-9<males> 91<sylvarum> 
 
# Bombus terrestris <(Linnaeus)>/
1<subspecies \i{}audax\i0{} (Harris), syn. \i{}virginalis\i0{}
(Geoffroy in Fourcroy)> 2<Buff-tailed bumblebee> 3,1 4,1 6,1 8,1
9,2<with the thoracic and abdominal yellow banding is somewhat broader
in the males than workers> 10,11-22<queens about 20-22, workers 11-17,
males 14-16> 16,1 17,1 18,5 19,2 20,5 21,2 25,2 26,1 28,2 29,1
33,1<blackish-greyish with a broad yellow anterior band in males and a
narrower one in females> 34,1 36,9/7/8/5/6<broader, lighter and
brighter in males> 39,1 41,2 43,2 47,1 48,1 49<of queens black with an
orange band across the middle and an off-white tail, in the less
contrastingly patterned workers and males blackish-greyish with the
central yellow band paler and the tail white> 51,1 53,1
55,1-2/4/7<occasionally> 59,1 60,2 75,1-2 76,5 77,8 78,3 79,1 80,1
81,3 83,1&2&3&8&7
84,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/22/23/24/25/26/27/28<
>/29/30/31/32/33/34/35/36/37/38/39/40/41/42/43/44/45/46/47/48/49/50/51/52/53<
>/54/55/56/57/58/59/60/61/62/63/64/65/66/67/68/69/70/71/72/73/74/75/76/77/78<
>/79/80/81/82/83/84/85/86/87/88/89/90/91/92/93/94/95/96/97/98/99/100/101/102<
>/103/106/107/108/109/113 85,1/2/3/4/5/6/10/11/12/21<
>/33/34/35/37/38/39/40 86<common and widespread throughout most the
British Isles except the far north and Scotland>
87,1-8<females>/4-8<males> 89<workers of \i{}B. lucorum\i0{} and
\i{}B. terrestris\i0{} are probably not reliably distinguishable in
the field> 91<terrestr> 
 
# Psithyrus <Lepeletier>/
1<\i{}Allopsithyrus\i0{} Popov, \i{}Ashtonipsithyrus\i0{} Fernald,
\i{}Fernaldaepsithyrus\i0{} Fernald, \i{}Metapsithyrus\i0{} Popov>
2<Cuckoo Bees> 4,2 5,2 6,2 10,14-22 25,1
27,(10-)12<females>/(10-)13<males> 33,1/2<black and unpatterned, or
patterned black and greyish, black and pale brownish or black and
reddish brown> 37,6-10 39,2 41,1 49<patterned black-and-orange or
reddish orange, black-and-white, or black and grey>
50,6<females>/7<males> 51,1 70,1 79,2 82,6<with two subspecies of
\i{}P. campestris\i0{}> 83,1&2&3&4&5&6&8&7
84,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/22/23/24/25/26/27/28<
>/29/30/31/32/33/34/35/36/37/38/39/40/41/42/43/44/45/46/47/48/49/50/51/52/53<
>/54/55/56/57/58/59/60/61/62/63/64/65/66/67/68/69/70/71/72/73/74/75/76/77/78<
>/79/80/81/82/83/84/85/86/87/88/89/90/91/92/93/94/95/96/97/98/99/100/101/102<
>/103/104/105/106/107/108/109/110/111/112/113
85,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/22/23/24/25/26/27/28<
>/29/30/31/32/33/34/35/36/37/38/39/40 86<Throughout the British
Isles.> 89<The adult males have no sting and bigger eyes than the
females, as well as 13-segmented antennae that are longer than the
12-segmented ones of females. In addition to details of the hind
tibiae (q.v.), \i{}Psithyrus\i0{} adults differ from those of
\i{}Bombus\i0{} in the often more heavily pigmented wings; the female
abdomen is more pointed, somewhat less hairy and much harder and does
not exude wax between its segments, and the mandibles are more pointed
(for killing) than toothed.> 90,2 91<psithyru> 
 
# Psithyrus barbutellus <(Kirby)>/
2<Field cuckoo bumblebee> 4,2 5,2 6,2 7,3/3&15 10,15-20<females about
18 mm, males about 15 mm> 17,1 18,5 19,1 20,5 21,1 25,1 28,2<the 5th
only slightly the longer> 29,1 33,1<black, with a broad gingery-yellow
anterior band and a greyish or (in males) gingery-yellow one
posteriorly> 34,2 36,3/5/6/1 39,2 41,1 44,2 49<black, banded greyish
adjoining the tail in the female, with a narrow yellowish anterior
band in the male> 51,1 53,1 55,1-2 58,2 59,1/2 63,1<male>/2<female>
68,2 69,1 70,1 71,1 72,2 73,2 74,1 75,1 76,3 77,1/2 78,1-2 79,2 80,1
81,1<the visible tip more or less ovate, not incurving, internally
finged> 83,1&2&3&7
84,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/22/23/24/25/26/28<
>/29/30/31/32/33/34/35/37/38/39/41/44/45/53<
>/54/55/56/57/58/61/62/63/66/67/68/69/78/79/80/81/82/85/92/93/103
85,1/2/3/5/6/9/10/27/28/36/37 86<widespread in the British Isles, but
most frequent over southeastern England and eastern coastal England
and Scotland, seemingly now confined in Ireland to Sligo; seemingly
less widespread than the host species> 87,3-8<females>/5-8<males>
91<barbutel> 
 
# Psithyrus bohemicus <(Seidl)>/
1<\i{}P. distinctus\i0{} Prez> 4,2 5,2 6,2 7,8 10,15-20<females about
19 mm, males about 16 mm> 17,1 18,5 19,2 21,2 25,1 28,2 33,1<black,
with a broad pale- or gingery-yellow anterior band, and usually a
posterior one as well in males> 34,1/2<usually, in males> 36,9/8/5/6
39,2 41,1 49<black, with a narrow gingerish band (this paler in males)
before the white tail> 51,1 53,1 55,1<with yellow side patches at the
top> 58,1 59,1/2 63,2 68,2 69,2 70,1 71,1 72,2 73,2 75,2 76,5 77,1/2
78,1 79,2 80,1 81,1<the visible tip fairly broad and somewhat
incurving, internally fringed> 83,1&2&3&4&5&8&7
84,1/2/3/4/5/6/8/9/11/12/13/14/16/17/21/22/23/24/26/27/28<
>/29/30/31/32/33/34/37/38/39/40/41/42/43/44/45/46/47/48/49/50/51/52/53<
>/54/55/56/57/58/59/60/61/62/63/64/65/66/67/68/69/70/71/72/73/74/75/76/77/78<
>/79/80/81/82/83/84/85/86/87/88/89/90/91/92/93/94/95/96/97/98/99/100/101/102<
>/103/104/105/106/107/108/109/110/111/113
85,3/4/5/6/7/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/17/18/19/20/21/22/24/25/26/27/28<
>/29/30/31/32/33/34/35/36/37/38/39/40 86<widespread in the British
Isles, commoner northwards, in divers habitats>
87,3-8<females>/5-8<males> 91<bohemicu> 
 
# Psithyrus campestris <(Panzer)>/
1<subspecies \i{}campestris\i0{} s. str., \i{}swynnertoni\i0{}
Richards> 4,2 5,2 6,2 7,10&11&14&18<long known to be associated with
\i{}B. pascuorum\i0{}, but probably parasitizing all Carder
bumblebees> 10,14-20<females about 18 mm, males about 15 mm>
11,1<usually>/2 12<when unpatterned,>,2<melanism being fairly common,
especially in males> 13,1/2 17,1 18,5 19,2 20,5 21,2 25,1 28,1<the 5th
about 2/3 as long as the 3rd and 4th together> 29,2 33,1<black, with a
gingery (female) or yellow (male) anterior band and a greyish or
yellowish-grey one posteriorly; or both bands darkly yellowish-grey in
dark forms of the male> 34<when banded,>,1/2 36,7/3/5/1 39,2 41,1 44,2
49<black, only shortly tailed gingerish in females, but gingerish over
the posterior half in light males> 51,2<in dark forms of the
male>/1<in females and light males> 53,1 55,9 56,1<in males>/2 59,2
63,2 68,2 69,2 70,1 71,1 72,2 73,1 74,2 75,2 76,3 77,2/4<i.e., almost
symmetrical and scarcely truncate> 78,1-2 79,2 80,2<but fringed>
81,1<the visible tip broadly triangular and scarcely incurved,
internally fringed> 83,1&2&3&8&7
84,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/22/23/24/25/26/27/28<
>/29/30/31/32/33/34/35/36/37/38/39/40/41/42/43/44/45/46/47/48/49/50/51/52/53<
>/54/55/56/57/58/59/60/61/62/63/64/65/66/67/68/69/70/71/72/80/81/82/83/84/85/88<
>/89/90/92/93/97/103/106/113 85,1/2/3/4/5/9/12/16/34 86<widespread
throughout the British Isles, less frequent in northwestern Scotland,
and now perhaps confined in Ireland to the extreme south and west>
87,3-8<females>/5-8<males> 88<in divers habitats> 91<campestr> 
 
# Psithyrus rupestris <(Fabricius)>/
4,2 5,2 6,2 7,7 10,15-23<females about 22 mm, males about 16 mm> 13,1
17,1 18,5 19,2 20,5 21,2 25,1 28,2 29,1 33,1-2<all black, or males
faintly banded anteriorly and posteriorly with greyish hairs, or
females sometimes with a faint anterior pale band> 34<when
banded,>,1<the pale band faint, in a few females>/2<in some males>
36<when banded,>,1 39,2 41,1 49<anteriorly black, narrowly banded
before the red tail with grey> 51<prettily,>,1 53,1 54,1 55,7 59,2
68,2 69,2 70,1 71,1 72,1 73,2 75,1 76,3 77,1/2 78,1 79,2 80,1 81,1<the
tip narrowly triangular and incurving, internally fringed>
83,1&2&3&4&5&6&8&7
84,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/22/23/24/25/26/27/28<
>/29/30/31/32/33/34/35/36/37/38/39/40/41/42/43/44/45/46/47/48/49/50/51/52/53<
>/54/55/56/57/58/59/63/66/68/69/70/72
85,2/3/4/5/8/9/10/11/12/13/15/16/17/19/20/21/28< >/29/31/33/37/38/39
86<now widespread in England south of Derbyshire, coastal and eastern
inland Wales, and west and southern (especially coastal) Ireland>
87,4-7<females>/6-7<males> 91<rupestri> 
 
# Psithyrus sylvestris <Lepeletier>/
1<\i{}P. quadricolor\i0{} misident.> 2<Forest cuckoo bumblebee> 4,2
5,2 6,2 7,6&9&13 10,13-16<females about 15 mm, males about 14 mm> 17,1
18,5 19,2 20,5 21,2 25,1 28,2 29,1<the 4th being about 2/3 as long>
33,1<black, with a broad pale- or gingery-yellowish-brownish anterior
band of hairs, and greyish hairs posteriorly> 34,1<usually>/2<a
posterior pale band commoner in males> 36,5/6/1 39,2 41,1 49<in
females black with a narrow pale band anterior to the white tail; in
males more slender, black anteriorly, with a broad yellowish-gingery
band before a narrow dark one which precedes the white tip of the
tail> 51<fairly>,1 53,1 55,1<in female>/1&6<in males> 57,1/2<only in
males> 59,1/2 63,2 68,1<this representing the curved-under tip of the
abdomen> 69,2 70,1 71,2 72,2 73,2 75,1 76,3 77,1/2 78,1-2 79,2 80,1
81,1<the tip narrowly elongate, not fringed> 83,1&2&3
84,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/22/23/24/25/26/27/28<
>/29/30/31/32/33/34/35/37/38/39/40/41/44/45/47/48/49/50/51/52/53<
>/54/55/56/57/58/59/60/61/62/63/64/65/66/67/68/69/70/72/74/75/76/77<
>/80/81/82/83/84/85/86/87/88/89/92/94/95/96/97/98/99/100/101/102<
>/103/104/105/106/107/108 86<widely distributed in Britain, though
local> 87,3-8<females>/4-8<males> 88<in divers habitats, cf. the host
species> 91<sylvestr> 
 
# Psithyrus vestalis <(Geoffroy in Fourcroy)>/
2<Southern cuckoo bumblebee> 4,2 5,2 6,2 7,19 10,15-22<females about
21 mm, males about 16 mm> 17,1 18,5<with a few yellow hairs on the
vertex> 19,3 20,5 21,2 25,1 28,1<the 5th almost as long as the 3rd and
4th together> 29,1 33,1<black, with a broad gingery-yellow anterior
band and greyish posteriorly> 34,1 36,5/6 39,2 41,1 44,1 49<black,
with a thin (sometimes interrupted) yellow or gingerish band before
the tail> 51,1 53,1 55,1<with yellow side patches> 58,1 59,1<in some
males>/2<mostly> 63,1 68,2 69,2 70,1 71,1 72,2 73,2 74,2 75,1-2 76,5
77,1/2 78,1 79,2 80,1 81,1<the tip broad and incurving, internally
fringed> 83,1&2&3&8
84,1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/22/23/24/25/26/27/28<
>/29/30/31/32/33/34/35/36/37/38/39/40/41/42/44/45/46/47/48/49/50/51/52/53<
>/54/55/56/57/58/59/60/61/62/63/64/66/67/68/69/81/82/113 86<widespread
in England and Wales north to southern Scotland, lacking from Scotland
and Ireland, discounting an early record for Co. Wexford>
87,3-8<females>/5-8<males> 88<in divers habitats (cf. the host)>
91<vestalis> 
