 
*SHOW The Liverworts of Britain and Ireland. 24 November 2015. 
*ITEM DESCRIPTIONS 
 
# Acrobolbus <Nees in Gottsche et al.>/
4<pale yellowish green,>,1 5<shoots prostrate, markedly dorsiventral,
sparingly branched from the postical leaf angles, sometimes with
stolons> 12,1/2 14,1 15<thin walled,>,1 17,1<scattered on the fertile
stems> 18<long and numerous>,1 19,1 20<in \i{}A. wilsonii\i0{}>,3 22,2
24<very>,2 25,2 27<oblong-obovate, asymmetrical with antical margins
nearly straight and shortly decurrent, the postical margins arched,
spreading horizontally save below the female inflorescences, the
margins entire,>,2 32<usually unequally 1/3-2/3>,2<the sinus acute,
the lobes acuminate with the postical one usually larger> 38,2 45,2
53,3 62,1 73<terminal becoming intercalary, with 4-10 concave
appressed bracts smaller than the leaves> 78<terminal> 79,1<marsupial>
80,1<ovate-globose, developing after fertilization at right angles to
the main axis, so that the shoot becomes bilaterally symmetrical>
81,1<the outer ones much larger than the leaves, unequally bilobed
with acuminate lobes, coarsely spinose-dentate, amplexicaul-cordate>
84,1 88,1<adnate to the inner wall of the marsupium> 89,1<the seta
many cells in diameter> 90,2<the seta short bulbous-based> 92,5-10
93<dark brown,>,2 95,1 96,1 98,2 99,1 107,1<\i{}A. wilsonii\i0{}>
108,3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,19 115<acrobolb> 
 
# Adelanthus <Mitt.>/
4,1 5<with erect shoots arising from creeping rhizomatous stems, and
dwarf, ventral fertile branches usually associated with the bases of
shoots, but seemingly unknown in Britain> 6,1 7,2 10,1<these being
thick walled and opaque in optical section> 12,1<from lower parts of
the stems> 14,1 15,1/2 18<mostly confined to the lower parts of the
stems and on the flagella,>,1 19,1 20,2-3 24<very>,2 25,2
27<horizontal or patent, oval to rounded and often toothed, ventrally
secund, the dorsal margin inflexed, distant on the sterile stems, on
the fertile stems sub-imbricate and>,2 28,1 30<dorsally>,1 31,1 32,1
38,2 40,3/4 45,2 62,1 67<pseudo-involucrate, via 2-4 opposite,
scale-like leaves> 73<comprising dwarf ventral branches, mostly near
the bases of shoots, the bracts scale-like> 75,1 76,1 78<comprising
dwarf ventral branches, mostly near the bases of shoots> 81,1<the
kinnermost smaller than the leaves, tristichous> 84,1 85<pyriform,
ovoid or fusoid, its mouth connivent, dentate, obliquely truncate and
split> 88,1<fleshy, bearing he sterile archegonia> 89,1<the seta
massive, many small cells in diameter> 90,1-2 92<fleshy,>,5-7
94<leathery,>,2 96,1 99,1 107,2 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,8
115<adelanth> 
 
# Anastrepta <(Lindb.) Schiffn.>/
4<forming reddish-brown to brown or green, lax tufts, or scattered
shoots among other plants,>,1 5<the stems tall, erect, mostly simple,
branches mostly proceeding from the postical angles of leaves below
female inflorescences> 14,1 15,1 17,1 18<numerous only on lower parts,
short,>,1 19,1 20<stem-clasping,>,2-3 22,2 24<very>,2<the bases
stem-clasping, semi-amplexicaul with their dorsal margins
interdigitating> 25,2 26,1<imbricate> 27<spreading,>,2 28,1<the
antical margin sometimes with a basal tooth>/2 30,3<antically
slightly, postically broadly> 31,1 32<obliquely ovate-cordate, basally
concave,>,2<with the broad, shallow sinus forming two short, wide,
acute to blunt lobes> 33,2 35,2 38,2 40,3/4<if present, very small and
subulate> 41,2 45,2 53,2<at the apices of leaf lobes, reddish-brown>
62,1 73<intercalary, comprising 3-5 pairs of leaflike, imbricate,
shortly bidentate, saccate bracts with a tooth at the base of the
antical margin, smaller than the leaves> 75,1/2<shortly pedicellate>
81,1<shallowly several-lobed, often toothed> 84,1<rarely> 85<obovoid,
and contracted to the dentate mouth> 86,1 89,1 92,5 95,1 96,1
98<reddish brown,>,2 99,1 107,1<\i{}A. orcadensis\i0{}> 108,1&2&3&4
109,1 110,1 111,2 112,12 115<anastrep> 
 
# Anastrophyllum <(Spruce) Steph.>/
4<minute to large, reddish-yellow or purple,>,1 5<with erect or
procumbent stems, sometimes branching from the postical angles of the
leaves> 14,1 15,1/2 17,1<scarce> 18,1 19,1 20,2/3 22,1-2 24<antically
secund, being>,4 25,2 27<\i{}very concave with inflexed margins\i0{}
or canaliculate, more or less>,2/- 28,2 30,1 32,1-2<notched to bilobed
to 1/2, often with the ventral side larger and more concave, dorsally
decurrent or not> 38,2 40,3/4<when present, rudimentary> 45,2
53,1-2<reddish and angular>/3 62,1 73<terminal or intercalary, the few
to 12 pairs of imbricate bracts similar to the leaves but basally
saccate> 75,1-3<1-4> 78<terminal> 81,1<2-4 lobed, entire to toothed,
somewhat larger than the leaves> 84,1 85<often somewhat flattened
dorsiventrally, with a laciniate, lobed or denticulate mouth, free
from the bracts> 86,1 89,1 90<shortly pedicellate,>,2 92,2-5<the outer
layer with nodulose thickenings, the inner with semi-annular
thickenings> 94,2<these sometimes bifid> 95,1 96,1 98<probably>,2
107,5 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,12 115<anastrop> 
 
# Aneura <Dum.>/
2<\i{}Riccardia\i0{}> 4,2<the brittle thallus yellowish to dark green,
plano-convex to deeply concave, the margins often more or less
crisped> 14,2 17,1<abundant> 19,1 45,2 46,1<6-30 per cell, present in
all the cells> 47<sparsely and irregularly>,2/1<the apices rounded,
not emarginate> 49,1 51,2<the midrib poorly defined> 53,3 54,1 57,3
59,2 62,1 66,1<on short lateral branches> 88,1<5-12 cells thick> 89,1
92,2 94,2 95,1 96,1 98,1<with a single, reddish brown band>
99,2/1&2 100,2<at dehiscence splitting into four, resulting in 
erect tufts of elaters at the valve apices> 
107,1<\i{}A. pinguuis\i0{}> 
108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,3 112,31 115<aneura> 
 
# Anthelia <(Dum.) Dum.>/
4<very slender, gregarious or forming thin patches, extensive tufts or
cushions,>,1 5<the shoots procumbent to erect, unequally pinnate and
branching irregularly> 12,2 14,1 15,2 17,1<scarce above, numerous
below> 18,1 19,1 20,1/2 21,1 24,1 25,2 26,1<imbricate, appressed>
32<ovate, carinate-concave, deeply>,2<with acute lobes and narrow
sinus> 38,2 40<more or less>,1<scarcely distinguishable from them, but
sometimes somewhat smaller> 45,2 46,2 53,3 62,1<\i{}A.
julacea\i0{}>/2<\i{}A. juratzkana\i0{}> 63,1 64<when bisexual,>,2<in
\i{}A. juratzkana\i0{} the male bracts are larger than the leaves, and
located proximally to the female bracts on clavate shoots> 73<in
\i{}A. julacea\i0{} terminal before becoming intercalary, with bracts
similar to the leaves but more concave> 78<of \i{}A. julacea\i0{}
terminating stems or branches> 81,1<appressed, bilobed, becoming
hyaline above, with denticulae margins> 84,1 85<adnate at its base to
the bracts, scarcely to half-exserted beyond them, more or less ovoid,
somewhat narrowed to the lobed, denticulate mouth> 86<deeply>,1
89,1<the capsule shortly pedicellate> 90,1 92,2<the inner layer with
semi-annular thickenings> 94,2 95,1 96,1 98,2 99,1 107,2 108,1&2&3&4
109,1 110,1 111,2 112,11 115<anthelia> 
 
# Anthoceros <L.>/
4,2<the thallus usually pale green with crisped margins, the epidermis
with stomata> 14,2<borne singly on the dorsal surface of the thallus>
45,1 47<variously,>,5 51,2 52,2 59,1<these numerous, mucilage-filled
or containing \i{}Nostoc\i0{} colonies and visible dorsally as dark
spots> 62,2<monoecious> 89,2 90,4 91,1 93,1 94,1 95<dark brown or
blackish,>,1 96,1 97<mostly bent,>,2 98<without spiral thickenings>
99,1 107,2 108,1&2&3&4 109,2 111,6 112,41 115<anthocer> 
 
# Aphanolejeunea <Evans>/
2<\i{}Cololejeunea\i0{}> 4<very minute, filiform, translucent, pale
green, scattered, gregarious or in small thin patches>,1 5<the shoots
procumbent, sparsely irregularly branched, the female inflorescences
terminal but becoming pseudo-lateral by growth of subinvolucral
innovations> 9<more or less>,3<but the branches without a basal
collar> 14,1 15,2 17,1<rather scarce, quite long> 19,1 20,3 25,2 26,2
32<erecto-patent, the rounded keel crenulate with bulging cells,
unequally>,2<the dorsal lobe very convex, apically obtuse to acute,
its margins smooth to crenulate with bulging cells, the ventral one
smaller but more than half as long and folded under the dorsal,
inflated, its free margin incurved, its apex a 1-2 celled tooth with
another inconspicuous tooth beside it> 33,1 34,1 35,3 37,1<this
unicellular, ephemeral> 38,2 45,2 53,1-2<discoid, multicellular,
arising on leaf lobes at right angles to the margins> 62,2 63,1 64,2
73<of two bracts proximal to the females, similar to the leaves>
78<terminal becoming pseudolateral via a subinvolucral innovation>
81,1<larger than the leaves, unequally bilobed and more or less
conduplicate, the margins crenulate> 84,1<longly exserted, obpyriform,
terete, without angles, smooth below, coarsely papillose above, the
apex truncate with a short beak> 86,2 87,1 89,1 90,2 93<brown,>,2 96,1
98,1 99,2<orientated vertically in the unopened capsules and
extending to the floor, remaining attached by their upper ends to
the inner walls of the distal ends of the dehiscing capsule valves
and their trumpet-shaped lower ends becoming free> 107,1<\i{}A.
microscopica\i0{}> 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,26
115<aphanole>
 
# Apometzgeria <Kuwah.>/
4,2<thallus grey- to yellowish-green> 14,2<borne on dwarf branches on
the ventral side of the midrib> 19,1 45,2 46,2<unless they are very
inconspicuous?> 47<irregularly>,2 50,1 51,1 53,3 62,1 68,2 89,1
94<probably>,2<? - cf. \i{}Metzgeria\i0{}> 96,1 98,1 99,2 100,1
107,1<\i{}A. pubescens\i0{}> 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,3 112,32
115<apometzg> 
 
# Barbilophozia <Loeske>/
2<\i{}Lophozia\i0{} Dum.> 4<variously forming tufts, patches or
comprising scattered shoots,>,1 5<the stems procumbent to erect,
simple or branched> 14,1 15,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2<mostly>/3
22<generally>,1<but more asymmetrical in \i{}B. lycopodioides\i0{}>
24,1-2 25,2 26,1-2 27<with the dorsal margin more or less decurrent,
the ventral with or without basal cilia,>,2 32,3<mostly 3-4 lobed,
from less than a quarter to about halfway, the lobes sometimes obtuse
but more often cuspidate or even bristle-pointed> 33,2 35,- 38,2
40,2/3<usually present at least on sterile stems and large, deeply
bifid and ciliate, but occasionally small and subulate> 41,2<mostly
3-4 lobed> 45,2 46,1<usually 4-9 per cell> 53,1/2-3 56<when present,
1-2 celled and angular, on the margins of young leaves> 62,1 73<with
bracts terminating stems or intercalary, usually several pairs,
concave and basally saccate> 75,2/3<2-5> 81,1<usually larger than the
leaves, erect or embracing the perianth> 83,1 84,1 85<ovoid to
pyriform, gradually contracted to the ciliate mouth> 86<deeply>,1 89,1
90,2 94,2<brown> 95,1 96<at least sometimes>,1 98,2 99<ofen brown,>,1
107,8 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,12 114<Unconvincingly
separable from \i{}Tritomaria\i0{} (q.v.) via the descriptive data
compiled here, exemplifying unsatisfactory, sensu stricto generic
circumscriptions accepted by Smith in the \i{}Lophoziaceae\i0{}.>
115<barbilop> 
 
# Bazzania <S.F. Gray>/
4<plants small to robust, as tufts, mats or scattered shoots>,1 5<the
stems apparently branching dichotomously> 6,1 7,3 8,1 10,2<though the
cortical cells tend to be larger> 12,1<these ventral> 14,1 15,1 20,2
22,2 24<usually very>,1<usually asymmetrical with arched dorsal
margin> 25,2 26,1-2 32<apically>,2-3<or toothed>/- 38,2 40,2<smaller,
entire or 2-several lobed, entire or dentate> 45,2 62<when fertile,>,1
73<on short ventral branches, with 4-6 pairs of concave, bi-lobed or
-toothed bracts that are smaller than the leaves> 78<on short ventral
branches> 81,1<smaller than the leaves, ovate to ovate-lanceolate,
often apically lobed and the margins dentate to ciliate> 84,1
85<several-stratose below to unistratose above, rhe mouth dentate or
ciliate> 89,1 92,4-6<the innermost layer with semi-annular
thickenings> 95,1 96,1 98<when recorded,>,2 99,1 107,3 108,1&2&3&4
109,1 110,1 111,2 112,6 115<bazzania> 
 
# Blasia <L.>/
4,2<with the ill-defined, broad midrib grading into unistratose, lobed
wings, the margins scalloped into leaflike lobes> 14<dorsal, naked,>,2
15,2 18<restricted to the midrib,>,1 19,1 45,2 47<several times>,4
51,2<the midrib ill defined, often with a dorsal white line of calcium
carbonate> 52,1<with a row on either side of the midrib>
53<often>,1<of two kinds> 54<commonly>,1 55<usually present on the
dorsal surface near the apex, flask- or>,2 56<stellate and more or
less unistratose often present dorsally near the apex, and a stalked,
slightly flattened, rounded to elliptical form in the receptacles>
57,2 59,2<with \i{}Nostoc\i0{}-filled auricles visible as dark spots
near the bases of the lobes> 62,1<male plants smaller than females>
63,2 65,2<solitary, in dorsal cavities> 67,2<at first naked, borne
dorsally behind the apex, one of them after fertilization becoming
immersed and covered by the pseudoperianth> 68,1<fusiform with the
mouth constricted> 88,1<free, membranous, concealed within the
pseudoperianth> 89,1 90<rather longly pedicellate, enclosed by the
decumbent pseudoperianth, narrowly>,2 92,3-4 94<with a basal
collar,>,2<or rarely 6> 95,1 96,1 98,2 99,2 100<rudimentary,>,1
107,1<\i{}B. pusilla\i0{}> 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,3 112,30
115<blasia> 
 
# Blepharostoma <(Dum. emend Lindb.) Dum.>/
4,1 5<plants slender, the shoots procumbent to ascending, the stems
branching irregularly> 10,2 14,1 15,2 20,2/4<the underleaves similar
to the laterals, tending to be smaller and 3-lobed> 24,1-2 26,1-2
27<patent to spreading, when overlapping>,2/- 29<in effect,>,1 
32,4<divided almost to
the base into 3-4 more or less equal, stiff uniseriate segments, each
of 7-13 cells> 38,2 40,1 45,2 53<very>,2-3 62,1/2<then monoecious>
64<when monoecious,>,1/2 73<on main axes or lateral branches, the male
bracts similar to the leaves but less deeply bilobed, the underleaves
without antheridia> 78<terminal> 81,1<these free of the perianth,
larger than the leaves, 4-5 lobed, and the lobes dichotomously
branched> 84,1 85<this subcylindrical, unistratose, contracted to its
ciliate mouth, the cilia to seven cells long> 89,1 90,2 92,2-5 95,1
96,1 98,2 99,1 107,1<\i{}B. trichophyllum\i0{}> 108,1&2&3&4 109,1
110,1 111,2 112,4 115<blepharo> 
 
# Calypogeia <Raddi corr. Corda>/
4<small to medium sized,>,1 5<shoots prostrate, the sparse branching
ventral or apical> 6,1 7,2/4 10,2 14,1 15,1<these small>/2<mostly>
20,2 24<very>,2 25,2 26,1-2 27<spreading horizontally, plane to
slightly convex, usually determinable as>,1 32<ovate to broadly so or
triangular,>,1/2<apically rounded to acute or bidentate> 38,2
40,2<quite large, wider than the stem, rounded, entire to deeply
bilobed, toothed or not> 45,2 53,1<spherical to ellipsoid, 1-2 celled
and very thin walled, produced in fascicles at the tips of usually
attenuated shoots> 62,1/2 63,1 64,1<when bisexual,>/2 73<on dwarf
ventral branches, the 3-5 pairs of bracts very small> 78<on dwarf
ventral branches> 79,1<marsupial> 80,1<this large, fleshy,
rhizoid-covered and with or without peristent female bracts around its
mouth, subterranean> 81,1<two to three pairs, much smaller than the
leaves, scale-like, ephemeral or persisting around the mouth of a
marsupium> 84,1 88<seemingly incorporated in the marsupium?> 89,1
90<long pedicellate,>,2-4 92,2 94<having erect, spirally twisted
valves> 95,1 96,1 98,2 99,1 107,8 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,7
115<calypoge> 
 
# Cephalozia <(Dum.) Dum.>/
4<slender and pale, yellowish, dull or bright green or brownish,>,1
5<the shoots procumbent and stems irregularly branched from the
ventral side> 6,1 7,2 10,1<the cortex comprising a single layer of
large, pellucid cells, through wich the the smaller, thick-walled
cells of the central strand are readily visible via transmitted light>
12,1<sometimes, e.g. in Section Cephalozia, arising ventrally>/2 14,1
15<thin- to thick-walled,>,2 20,2/3 22,1 24,1-2<to almost
longitudinally> 26,1-2 27<when overlapping,>,2 28,2 30,3<or at least,
leves usually concave> 31,1-2 32<spreading horizontally to dorsally
secund, orbicular to ovate-quadrate, \i{}not or only slightly
asymmetrical\i0{}, usually concave, \i{}the ventral margin not
inflexed\i0{}, a third to two thirds>,2<the lobes often unequal> 38,2
40,3/4<absent, or present but small and subulate only on fertile
stems> 45,2 53,1-2<unicellular, at the tips of ascending stems and
branches>/3 62,1/2 63<when bisexual,>,1 64,1 73<terminal on short or
long ventral branches, spicate, sometimes becoming intercalary, the
bracts few to many, bilobed, with entire margins or sometimes with a
single tooth on the dorsal one> 78<terminating short or rarely long
ventral branches> 81,1<much larger than the leaves, 2-5 lobed, the
margins sometimes toothed> 83,1<similar to or narrower than the
bracts, free or basally connate with them> 84,1 85<narrowly ovoid,
ellipsoid or fusiform-cylindrical, trigonous above, the mouth
crenate-dentate to ciliate, the wall 1-3 stratose>
89<long-pedicellate,>,1 92,(1-)2(-3)<the inner layer with semi-annular
thickenings> 94,2<these straight> 95,1 96,1 98,2 99,1 107,10
108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,9 115<cephaloz> 
 
# Cephaloziella <(Spruce) Schiffn.>/
4<small or minute,>,1 5<shoots usually procumbent, never dichotomous,
branching irregularly laterally or ventrally> 6,1 7,2/3/2&3 8,2
10,1/2<the cortical cells of similar size to the central cells, but
sometimes more heavily thickened> 12,2 14,1 15<thin- to very
thick-walled, extensively illustrated>,2 17,1 20,2/3 24,1-2 25,2
26,1/2 27<when determinable,>,2/- 32,2<from halfway ro near the base,
the margins entire to spinose-dentate> 38,2 40,2/3/4<small, very
small, or lacking> 45,2 46,1<3-9 per cell> 53,1-2<on tips of leaf
lobes at stem apices, (1-)2-celled, vatiously smooth, angular or
coarsely papillose>/3 62,1/2 63<when bisexual,>,1 64<when
bisexual,>,1/2 73<variously comprising short branches, terminating
longer ones or intercalary> 75,1 78<terminating stems or branches>
79,2 81,1<1-several pairs increasing in size up the stem, bilobed, the
margins entire to spinose-dentate> 83,1<similar to the bracts in size,
often connate with them for part or all of its length> 84,1
86<usually>,1<4-5 plicate> 89,1 90,2<its pedicel composed externally
of four rows of cells> 92,2 96<apparently>,2<judging from available
descriptions and illustrations ...>/- 107,13 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1
111,2 112,10 115<cephazie> 
 
# Chiloscyphus <Corda in Opiz. corr. Dum.>/
4<pale-, yellowish- or dark- or blackish-green tufts or thin patches
or mixed with other bryophytes,>,1 5<the shoots procumbent to
ascending, the stems occasionally to frequently, irregularly branched>
14,1 15<thin walled,>,1<very small>/2 17,1<in tufts from underleaf
bases> 18,1 20,2 22,1 23,2 24<very>,3 25,2 26,1-2<to subimbricate>
27<spreading horizontally, the dorsal margins decurrent,>,2 28,2
32<oblong to rectangular,>,1<the apices rounded to emarginate> 38,2
40,2<much smaller, often with a tooth on one or both sides, 1/2-2/3
lobed, the lobes subulate> 45,2 53,2 62,1/2 63<when bisexual,>,1 64,1
73<intercalary on main stems or long branches, the several pairs of
bracts resembling the leaves but with the antheridia in a small,
inflexed basal lobe on the dorsal side> 75,1/2 78<on dwarf ventral
branches> 81,1<in few pairs, much smaller than the leaves, 2-3 lobed>
83,1<smaller than the bracts, bilobed> 84,1 85<short, campanulate, the
wide mouth deeply 3-lobed> 88,1<large, clavate, extending beyond the
perianth and protruding at maturity> 89,1 90<long-pedicellate,>,2
92,4-6 95,1 96,1<reddish-brown> 98<loosely>,2 99,1 107,1<\i{}C.
polyanthos\i0{}> 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,16 115<chiloscy> 
 
# Cladopiella <Buch>/
2<\i{}Cephalozia\i0{}> 4<slender to medium sized, green to reddish
brown or brown,>,1 5<stems irregularly branching ventrally> 6,1 7,2
10,2 12,1<arising ventrally> 14,1 15,2 17,1 18<rather numerous below
and on flagella, scarce above,>,1 20,2 24,2 25,2 26,1-2 27<not
decurrent,>,2 28,2 31,2 32<1/6-1/3>,2<the lobes obtuse to rounded>
38,2 40,2<small, lanceolate, acute or bilobed> 45,2 53,1-3 62,1
73<terminal on long or short branches, sometimes becoming intercalary,
the closely imbricate bracts similar to the leaves but more concave>
78<on short ventral branches> 81,1<bilobed, the margins sometimes with
a short tooth on one or both sides> 82,2/3 83,1<similar to the bracts>
84,1 85<cylindrical, with a crenulate mouth> 86,1 89<long-exserted,>,1
90,2-3 92,2<?> 93,2<brown> 95,1 96,1 98,2 99,1<?> 107,2 108,1&2&3&4
109,1 110,1 111,2 112,9 115<cladopie> 
 
# Cololejeunea <(Spruce) Schiffn.>/
4<minute and tender,>,1 5<the shoots procumbent or sometimes with
ascending tips, irregularly sub-pinnately branched> 6,1 7,3 9,2<but
the branches arising internally with a basal collar> 10,1<with 5-6
cortical cells surrounding a single central one> 14,1 15,1/2
16,1<commonly>/2 17,1<in clusters, seemingly replacing the
underleaves> 20,3 24<very narrowly more or less>,1<not dimorphic,
often very conspicuously mamillose> 25,2 26,1/2 32<very
unequally>,2<the ventral lobe inflated, folded under the dorsal one
and much smaller, the dorsal lobe apically rounded to more or less
acute> 33,1 35,3 37,1<this persistent or caducous, unicellular or
several celled and uniseriate> 45,2 53,3 62,2 63,1 64,1 73<terminating
long or short branches, the bracts having the ventral lobe more
inflated then in the leaves> 75,1/2 78<terminal on long or short
branches, often becoming pseudo-lateral via subinvolucral innovation>
81,1<smaller to larger than the leaves> 84,1 85<free, obovoid to
obpyriform, 5-keeled at least distally, and shortly beaked via the
apex contricting into a tubular mouth> 87,1 88,1<free> 89,1 90,1 92,2
94,2<for 2/3 of its length, the proximal third solid> 95,1 96,1 
98,1 99,2<orientated vertically in the unopened capsules and
extending to the floor, remaining attached by their upper ends to
the inner walls of the distal ends of the dehiscing capsule valves
and their trumpet-shaped lower ends becoming free>
107,3 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,26 115<cololeje> 
 
# Colura <(Dum.) Dum.>/
4<minute,>,1 6<filiform, tender, prostrate, sparingly>,1 9,2<with the
branches somewhat ascending> 10,1<transverse sections exhibiting 3
central cells surrounded by 7 corticals> 14,1 17,1 18,1<in bunches
associated with the lateral leaves> 20,2 24<very narrowly, more or
less>,1 25,2 26<erect or ascending,>,1-2 32,2<the dorsal lobe reduced
and shorter than the ventral one, ovate to orbicular, overlapping the
stem and decurved, the larger ventral one being distally sac-like and
abruptly narrowed into a beak constituting 1/2-1/3 of the leaf length;
the proximal margins are inrolled to form a channel leading to the
sac, the opening of which is protected by a moveable flap> 33,1 35,1
37,2 38,2 40,2<double the common number, there being one associated
with each lateral leaf, bilobed almost to the base, the usually
subulate lobes not divergent> 41,1 42,2 45,2 53,1<discoid, on the leaf
surfaces and especially on the beaked sac of the dorsal lobe> 62,2
63,1 64,1 73<on very short lateral branches, small, globose, with 3-5
pairs of strongly concave emerginate bracts subtending pairs of brown,
broadly ovoid antheridia, and bracteoles throughout> 75,2 78<terminal
on main axes, and often produced successionally via single innovations
commencing under the first> 81,1<small, strongly concave, entire or
emarginate to shallowly bilobed> 83,1<much reduced>/2 84,1 85<long
exserted beyond the bracts but not the leaves, clavate from a very
narrow base, the unicellular beak very short but distally 5-keeled
with each keel ending in a hornlike process> 86,1 87,1 89,1 90,1 94,2
95,1 96,1 98,1 99,2<orientated vertically in the unopened capsules and
extending to the floor, remaining attached by their upper ends to
the inner walls of the distal ends of the dehiscing capsule valves
and their trumpet-shaped lower ends becoming free> 
107,1<\i{}C. calyptrifolia\i0{}> 108,1&2&3&4 109,1
110,1 111,2 112,26 115<colura> 
 
# Conocephalum <Hill corr. Wiggers>/
4,2<with a strong fungal aroma, the surface conspicuously reticulate>
14,1<in that the 2-5 cm stalked female receptacles are terminal> 19,2
45,2 47,4 51,2 52,1<sparse, in one row on either side of the midrib,
narrowly triangular with a violet, more or less rounded appendage>
54,2 57,1 58<elevated,>,1 59,1 60,1 61,1/2 62,1 66,1 69,1 70,2<the
stalk 2-5(-6) cm, with one rhizoid furrow> 71<more or less entire>
72<discoid,>,1 89,1 94,5<and 4-8 valves> 96,1 98,2-3 99,1<short,
thick, brown, simple> 107,1<\i{}C. conicum\i0{}> 108,1&2&3&4 109,1
110,2 111,5 112,37 115<conoceph> 
 
# Cryptothallus <Malmb.>/
4,2<subterranean, creamy white, without chlorophyll, prostrate or
rarely ascending, the male thalli smaller> 14,2 17,1 19,1 45,3
47<irregularly>,2/1<or coralloid> 48,1 51,2<circular, semi-circular or
plano-convex in section, the upper cells with starch grains, the lower
with endophytic fungal hyphae said to be parasitized by the
livewort> 52,2 53,3 57,3 59,2 62,1 63,2 65,2<on short
lateral branches> 67,2 68,2 88,1<cylindrical, fleshy> 89,1 90,3/4
94,2<dehiscing above or below ground> 95,2 96,1 98,1 99,2 
100,2<usually exhibiting an undivided elaterophore from the apically
coherent tip of the dehiscing capsule>
107,1<\i{}C. mirabilis\i0{}> 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,3 112,31
115<cryptoth> 
 
# Diplophyllum <(Dum.) Dum.>/
4<mall to medium sized, in patches, turfs or scattered,>,1 5<stems
prostrate to ascending from the creeping rhizome, the sparse branching
lateral> 7,3 10,1/1-2 14,1 15,2 20,3 24,1 26,1-2 31,1/2
32<deeply>,2<the lobes ovate, blunt, conduplicate, usually with
denticulate margins, the dorsal one similar to the ventral but
shorter> 33,1<and keeled, typically cultriform or sub-falcate> 34,1
35<more or less lingulate and parallel-sided,>,1<the dorsals partly
lying on them> 38,1<in the lobes>/2 39,2 45,2 46,1<2-16 per cell>
53,1-3<when present, unicellular and bluntly stellate> 62,1/2 63<when
bisexual,>,1 64<in \i{}D. obtusifolium\i0{},>,1/2 73<when dioecious,
terminal and spicate, becoming intercalary, the 3-8 or more pairs of
imbricate, saccate bracts similar to the leaves or smaller and more
symmetrical> 75,2/3<2-3> 81,1 84,1 85<more or less ovoid, slightly to
strongly dorsiventrally compressed, narrowed to the small denticulate
mouth> 86,1 89,1 90<longly pedicellate,>,2 92,2<according to Macvicar,
the inner layer with semi-annular thickenings>/4<according to Smith>
96,1 98,2 99,1 107,3 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,15
115<diplophy> 
 
# Douinia <(C. Jens.) Buch.>/
4<olive or bluish green or brownish,>,1 5<in patches or growing
through other bryophytes, shoots procumbent with ascending apices or
ascending, the stems sparsely branched> 14,1 15,1/2 20,3 22<somewhat
or>,2 24,1<distichous, concave-conduplicate, \i{}not keeled\i0{}, the
margins entire or obscurely toothed> 25,2 26,1-2<the lower leaves
distant> 32,2<to about halfway, the lobes lanceolate and tapering to
the acute apices, the dorsal one smaller, narrower and more sharply
pointed than the ventral one> 33,1 34,2 35,1 38,2 39,1 45,2 53,3 62,1
73<terminal and spicate, becoming intercalary, with 3-6 pairs of
imbricate bracts, these smaller and more symmetrical than the leaves,
and saccate> 81,1<larger and more symmetrical than the leaves, the
margins entire or toothed> 84,1<occasionally to frequently> 85<ovoid,
ciliate at the contracted mouth> 86,1<deeply so, almost to the base>
89,1 90,1 92,3 95,1 96,1 98,1/4 99,1 107,1<\i{}D. ovata\i0{}>
108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,15 115<douinia> 
 
# Drepanolejeunea <(Spruce) Schiffn.>/
4<minute, yellowish green>,1 6<procumbent,>,1<sparsely irregularly
sub-pinnately branched> 9,2 10,1<sections showing 7 cortical cells
surrounding 3-4 central cells> 14,1 15,1<small>/2 17,1<scarce>
18<short> 20,2 24,3 25,2 26,1-2 27<with the rounded keel crenulate
from projecting cells,>,1 32<deeply, unequally>,2<the dorsal lobes
obliquely ovate, subfalcate and convex with the margin 2-4 crenulate
or spinose-toothed and a deflexed, more or less acute apex; the
ventral lobes about half the size, inflated, the apex comprising a
unicellular tooth having a hyaline papilla at the base inside and a
strongly inrolled free margin> 33,1 35,3 37,2 40,2<much shorter,
distant, obdeltoid, considerably wider than the stems, about 2/3
bilobed, the lobes 2 cells wide at the base, widely diverging,
acuminate, with 2-celled uniseriate tips> 41,1 42,1 43,1 45,2
46,1<compound, 4-9 per cell> 53,3<propagating vegetatively via
deciduous dwarf branches with small, deformed leaves and underleaves>
62,1 73<terminating long branches, with 3-4 pairs of imbricate,
ventricose, almost equally acutely or apiculately bilobed bracts, the
antical one slightly dentate> 75,1 78<on a short branch, usually with
a single, simple subinvolucral innovation> 81,1<larger than the
leaves, bilobed and more or less conduplicate, the acuminate lobes
spinous-dentate, the postical one narrower> 83,1<about 1/3 bilobed,
the lobes spinose-dentate, connate with at least one of the bracts>
84,1 85<pyriform and shortly beaked, distally 5-keel-winged, the wings
irregularly spinose> 86,1 87,1 89,1 96,1 98,1 
99,2<orientated vertically in the unopened capsules and
extending to the floor, remaining attached by their upper ends to
the inner walls of the distal ends of the dehiscing capsule valves
and their trumpet-shaped lower ends becoming free>  107,1<\i{}D.
hamatifolia\i0{}> 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,26 115<drepanol> 
 
# Dumortiera <Nees>/
4,2 14,1<in that the short-stalked, more or less hemispherical female
receptacles are terminal> 19,2 45,2 47,4 51<translucent,>,1 52,1<these
very small and narrowly triangular, ephemeral> 54,2 57,3 59,2
62,1/2<then monoecious> 66,1 67,2 68,2 69,1 70<long>,2<the stalk with
two discoid furrows> 71<about 6-lobed,>,3 72<discoid, very
shortly>,2<the stalk with two discoid furrows> 89,1 94<usually>,2<but
occasionally more> 96,1 98,1-2/3 99<elongate, unbranched, narrowed at
each end,>,1 107,1<\i{}D. hirsuta\i0{}> 108,1&2&4 109,1 110,2 111,5
112,36 115<dumortie> 
 
# Eremonotus <Lindb. & Kaal. ex Pears.>/
4<minute, forming reddish-brown patches, ascending shoots 3-6 mm
long,>,1 6,1/2 7<when present,>,3<arising from leafless horizontal
stems, the shoots and horizontal stems producing small-leaved
innovations, the female shoots producing innovations from beneath
successive inflorescences, the innovations and shoots arising
laterally> 8,2 14,1 15<small,>,2 20,3 22,1 24<more or less>,1<the
lower minute and distant, the upper larger and imbricate> 25,2 26,1&2
28,2 30,1/2 31,2 32<more or less symmetrical, ovate-quadrate,
transversely inserted,>,2<to about 2/3, the lobes acute and the sinus
narrow> 33,2 35,2 40,4 45,2 53,3 62,1 73<apical and intercalary, the
bracts loosely imbricate, very concave, larger and broader than the
leaves, about 1/3 bilobed, the lobes obtuse> 75,1<this large>
78<terminating stems and innovant branches> 81,1<\i{}distichous\i0{},
larger than the leaves, bilobed to about halfway, the lobes obtuse>
84,1 85<half-exserted, ellipsoid, frontally compressed, sulcate and
obscurely trigonous> 86,1<deeply 6-10 plicate towards the rounded apex
and denticulate mouth> 87,2 89,1 90,2-3 92,2<? - the outer wall with
nodular thickenings, the inner with semi-annular thickenings>
93<brown,>,2 95,1 96,1 98<closely>,2<reddish-brown, about half as long
as the spores> 107,1<\i{}E. myriocarpus\i0{}> 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1
111,2 112,12 115<eremonot> 
 
# Fossombronia <Raddi>/
4<fagile, creeping,>,1<the stems flattened above and strongly arched
below> 6,1 8,1/2/1&2 14,2 17,1 18<long, attaching the plants firmly to
the substrate, apart from the ascending apices>,2 19,1 20,3 24<very>,2
25<more or less>,2 27<more or less quadrate to wider than long,>,2
32,1-3<the margins usually sinuous or lobed, very deeply so in \i{}F.
fimbriata\i0{}> 38,2<two cells thick at the base, otherwise
unistratose> 45,2 62,1/2<then monoecious> 63<when bisexual,>,1 64,1/2
65,1/2 67,2 68,1<this campanulate, often plicate, wide and usually
sinuose- or lobed-mouthed> 81,2 83,2 84,2 88,1<this pyriform, tender,
thick at the base, and shorter than the pseudoperianth> 89,1
90<shortly pedicellate,>,1 92,(2-)4<the inner layer with frequently
incomplete annular thickenings> 94<imperfectly>,2/3 96,1 98,2/3 99,1
107,9 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,3 112,27 114<the gametangia located
on the upper surface of the stems, towards the apices; the
orange-yellow antheridia naked or protected by bracts, the archegonia
naked at first, the fertilized one always near the apex and becoming
protected by a pseudoperianth> 115<fossombr> 
 
# Frullania <Raddi>/
4<dull green, reddish-brown or brownish-black,>,1 6,1<irregularly 1-3
pinnately, in characteristic fashion> 9,1 10,1/2 14,1 15,1/2
17,1<arising from the bases of the underleaves> 20,2
24<almost>,1/1-2<spreading more or less horizontally, overlapping the
stem on the dorsal side, sometimes caducous> 25,2 26,1 27,1<if
determinable>/- 32<deeply>,2<almost to the base, the dorsal lobe
orbicular to ovate or obliquely so, entire, the much smaller ventral
lobes mostly helmet shaped or saccate, occasionally evolute> 33,1 35,3
36,1 37<usually>,1<this a minute, subulate process or rudimentary sac
situated between it and the stem>/- 38,2<but sometimes with
discoloured cells (ocelli) scattered or in a median row> 40,2<usually
bilobed, sometimes with a tooth on one or both margins> 45,2 62,1
73<on short lateral branches, the more or less symmetrical bracts
closely imbricate> 75,1-2 78<terminating short lateral branches,
rarely on the main axis> 81,1<2-5 pairs, asymmetrically bilobed, with
entire to laciniate margins, often adnate at their bases to one
another and the bracteole> 83,1<bilobed, smaller than the associated
bracts> 84,1 85<extending beyond the bracts, ovoid or obovoid, 3-4
gonous, narrowed abruptly to the beak-like mouth> 87,1 88,1<fleshy>
89,1 90,1 92,2<the inner layer with irregular, hyaline, thin cell
walls> 94,2<down to about 2/3, being entire at the broad fleshy base>
96,1<commonly reddish or golden brown> 98,1<according to Pearson and
Cooke> 99,3<orientated vertically 
in the unopened capsules, wide, with several sessile on the distal 
half of each valve
and having their trumpet-shaped lower ends becoming free at dehiscence>
107,4 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,24 115<frullani> 
 
# Geocalyx <Nees>/
4<thin, pale- or yellowish green patches, or growing through other
bryophytes,>,1 5<the shoots prostrate, very sparsely branched, the
very short fertile branches arising ventrally> 7,2 14,1 15<thin
walled,>,1<small>/2 17,1<arising in bunches from the bases of the
underleaves, and also scattered along the stems> 18,1 20,2 23,2
24<very>,2 25,2 26,1 27<more or less spreading horizontally, mostly
flat, ovate-quadrate, antically slightly decurrent,>,2
32<1/6-1/3>,2<the lobes acute, broadlt triangular and often somewhat
unequal, the sinus acute to rounded> 40,2<bilobed almost to their
bases, sometimes basally connate with the leaves> 45,2 62,2 63,1 64,1
73<arising ventrally, spicate, very short and hidden by the lateral
leaves, with 4-8 pairs of bilobed bracts> 79,1<marsupial>
80,1<initially spherical, becoming cylidrical and rhizoidal at
maturity> 81,1<small, at the apices of the female inflorescences> 84,1
88,1<shorter than the marsupium and connate with it for 2/3 of it
length> 89,1 90,3 92,2<the inner layer with semi-annular thickenings>
94,2<to its base, the valves erect and straight> 95,1 96,1 98,2 99,1
107,1<\i{}G. graveolens\i0{}> 108,3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,16
115<geocalyx> 
 
# Gongylanthus <Nees>/
4<comprising light green patches or scattered shoots,>,1 5<the shoots
prostrate, 1-2 cm long, usually simple apart from innovations below
female inflorescences> 14,1 17,1 18<pale reddish or>,1-2 20,3 24<more
or less>,1<patent, often connate on their dorsal sides> 25,1 26,1
32<ovate to ovate-orbicular,>,1 38,1<at the leaf bases, where the
cells are much elongated> 45,2 53,3<reproducing vegetatively by
axillary buds> 62,1 73<not known in Britain: intercalary, with
saccate, distally recurved bracts in few pairs> 75,1-2 78<on the
dorsal side of the stem apex, the archegonia surrounded by scales in a
depression> 79,1<marsupial> 80,1<this cylindrical, fleshy, pendulous,
with rhizoids> 81,1<entire, similar to but larger than the leaves>
84,1 89,1 90<long pedicellate,>,3 92,2 94,2<divided to the base> 95,1
96,1 98<short, laxly>,2 99<short,>,1 102,2/3<calcifuge> 107,1<\i{}G.
ericetorum\i0{}> 108,1 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,18 115<gongylan> 
 
# Gymnocolea <(Dum.) Dum.>/
4<forming dark green to blackish patches,>,1 5<unbranched or branching
sparsely from procumbent to erect shoots> 14,1 15<thin walled but>,1
17,1 18,1/3 20,2-3 22,1<as long as wide> 24,1<\i{}G. acutiloba\i0{}>/2
25,2 26,1&2<the lower distant> 27<more or less symmetrical, about as
long as wide,>,2 28,2 30<on upper and ascending stems>,1 31,1/2
32<1/3-1/2>,2<the lobes obtuse to rounded, less often acute to
sub-acute> 33,2 38,2 40,3/4<when present, few and subulate> 41,2 45,2
53<usually>,3 62,1 73<terminal, the 4-6 pairs of transversely
inserted, concave bracts in \i{}G. inflata\i0{} similar to but smaller
than the leaves> 75,1 81,1<widely spreading, similar to but
\i{}smaller than or not larger than the leaves\i0{}> 82,1-2 84,1
85<smooth except at the mouth, initially ovoid, becomming ellipsoid to
pyriform after fertilization and contracted at the dentate mouth,
exposed by the speading bracts, and when unfertilized sometimes
forming deciduous propagules> 86,2 87,2 89,1 90,2-3 95,1 96,1<reddish
brown> 98,2 99,1 107,2 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,12
115<gymnocol> 
 
# Gymnomitrion <Corda in Opiz.>/
4<small, usually in dense patches>,1 5<the stems erect or ascending,
often much branched and frequently stoloniferous> 14,1 15,1 17,1 18,1
20,3/5<the shoots dorsiventrally compressed or not> 21,1 22,1 24<more or
less>,1/1-2 25,2 26<closely>,1<and erect-appressed, totally obscuring 
the stems> 27<as long as or longer
than wide, strongly concave, when shoots secund more or less>,2/-
32<emarginate to>,2<the apices of the lobes often hyaline>/1 38,2 45,2
53,3 62,1 73<terminal, the bracts in several pairs, similar to the
leaves but basally saccate, sometimes larger and often less closely
imbricated> 75,2<these ovoid and short- to long-pedicelled>
78<terminal> 79,2<vestigial, not tubular, after fertilization
constituting part of the calyptra, with the sporophyte deeply
embedded> 80,2/3<in \i{}G. crenulatum\i0{}> 
81,1<several pairs, larger than the
leaves, the inner sometimes lobed> 84<usually more or less>,2<replaced 
by connate scales>
88,1<after fertilization bearing unfertilized archegonia> 89,1 90,1
92,2-3 95,1 96,1 98<attenuate at each end,>,2/3 99,1 107,5 108,1&2&3&4
109,1 110,1 111,2 112,14 115<gymnomit> 
 
# Haplomitrium <Nes>/
4,1<with erect stems and oblong, simple leaves> 5<the stems erect,
arising from a horizontal, simple or branched rhizome>
10,1<the cells all thin walled, those of the 4-stratose cortex 
containing chloroplasts and oil bodies>
14<ostensibly>,1<in that the archegonium develops adjacent but
proximal to the three-sided apical cell> 15,2 17,2 
20,1-2<isopyllous to subisophyllous, the leaves
transversely inserted, concave and varying from lingulate to
ovate-rhomboidal, their apices obtuse to acute, one or both sides often
with a small lobe, those of the antical row slightly smaller> 
38,2 45,2 53,3 62,1 73<towards the stem apices of
male plants> 77<scattered over the stem and in the axils of bracts>
79,2 83,2 84,2 88,1<formed partly by upgrowth from the archegonial
stalk, and partly from the venter> 89,1 90,3 92,1<with brown,
longitudinal annular thickenings> 94<2-4 valved, but>,6 96,1
98,2<mostly>/1&2 99,1&2<some attached to the valve apices, others -
relatively broad, short and often monospiral - at the base of the
capsule> 100<(assuming these are represented by obscure basal and apical
thickenings of the capsule wall)>,1&2<descriptions seen 
being ambiguous ...>
107,1<\i{}H. hookeri\i0{}> 108,1&2&3 109,1
110,1<Haplomitriopsida of Forrest \i{}et al\i0{}.> 111,1 112,1
115<haplomit> 
 
# Harpalejeunea <(Spruce) Schiffn.>/
4<small, yellow or yellowish-green,>,1 6<procumbent and sparsely
irregularly>,1 9,2 10,1<transverse sections showing 7 cortical cells
and 5-25 central cells> 14,1 15,1<scarce, short to medium sized> 20,2
24,3 25,2 26,1-2<to subimbricate> 27<spreading, oblique, falcate and
deflexed,>,1 32,2<almost to the base, 4-6 cells wide at their bases,
with 2-5 ocelli present near the base of each, the dorsal lobe
obliquely ovate and subfalcate with a deflexed, acute or subacute apex
margins entire, crenulate or serrulate, the the ventral lobe only
about half as long, borne more or less at right angles to the free
margin of the dorsal one, strongly inflated, the apex a single-celled
tooth> 33,1 35,3 37,2 38,1 40,2<distant and only half the number of
the lateral leaves, short, obdeltoid or obcordate, bilobed to 1/3 or
more with the rounded apices divergent> 41,1 42,1 43,2 45,2 46,1<4-6
per cell, compound> 53,3 62,1 73<occupying short branches the
imbricate, unequally bilobed bracts in 1-2 pairs, the antical lobe
oval and blunt, the postical one similar but smaller> 78<terminal on a
long or short branch, usually with a single simple innovation>
81,1<larger than the leaves, complicate, unequally bilobed, the
postical one bnarrower and shorter> 83,1<more or less free from the
bracts, obovate-cuneate, 1/4-bilobed> 84,1 85<obovoid or
obovoid-clavate, sharply 5-keeled distally, not compressed> 89,1 96,1
98,1 99,2<orientated vertically in the unopened capsules and
extending to the floor, remaining attached by their upper ends to
the inner walls of the distal ends of the dehiscing capsule valves
and their trumpet-shaped lower ends becoming free> 
107,1<\i{}H. ovata\i0{}> 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,26
115<harpalej> 
 
# Harpanthus <Nees>/
4<small to medium sized,>,1 5<the shoots prostrate to erect, the stems
irregularly branching ventrally from the axils of the underleaves, the
fertile branches very small and concealed under the lateral leaves>
7,2 14,1 15,2 17,1 20,2 22,1-2 23,2 24<more or less>,2 25,2 26,1 27,2
28,2 30,2 31,1 32<more or less ovate,>,1-2<bilobed to 1/3 or the
apices retuse or emarginate> 33,2 38,2 40<much>,2<simple,
ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, apically entire or notched, the
margins toothed or entire basally joined to the adjacent lateral leaf>
41,1-2 45,2 62,1 73<terminal, spicate, very small and concealed under
the lateral leaves, with 2-5 pairs or imbricate, very concave, bilobed
bracts> 75,1-2 79,1<free only near its apex, being concrescent with
2/3 of the length of the perianth, the whole forming a fleshy, ovoid
structure protecting the sporophyte> 80,3 81,1<concave, 2-3 lobed>
82<much>,1 83,1<resembling the cauline leaves> 84,1 85<short, narrowed
at the lobed and/or crenulate mouth> 86,2 87,2 89,1 90<rather
long-pedicelled,>,2 92,2<the inner layer with semi-annular
thickenings> 93<brown,>,2 94,2 96,1 98,2 99,1 107,2 108,1&2&3&4 109,1
110,1 111,2 112,16 114<Macvicar's description interprets the
perigynium as a calyptra> 115<harpanth> 
 
# Herbertus <S.F. Gray>/
4<plants large and rigid, reddish brown>,1 5<the shoots erect or
ascnding, often arising from prostrate primary stems> 6,1<sparsely,
and innovating beneath female inflorecences> 12,1<sometimes, these
ventral>/2 14,1 15,1 17,1<at the bases of erect stems>/2 20,2/4
24<almost>,1-2 25,2 26,1 27,1 32<a half to three-quarters>,2-3<the
lobes long, narrow and acuminate> 38,1<comprising elongated, pitted
median cells extending into the lobes> 40<resembling and>,1 45,2 62,1
73<bud-like, subterminal, wuth saccate bracts less deeply bilobed than
the leaves> 78<bud-like, terminal, the bilobed bracts more or less
concealing the perianth> 81,1<several, bilobed> 83,2 84,1<more or less
concealed by the several imbricate bracts> 85<narrow, ovate-subulate,
split more or less to halfway into six laciniate lobes>
89<terminal,>,1 90,1 94,2<the valves often bipartite> 96,1 98,2 99,1
107,3 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,3 115<herbertu> 
 
# Hygrobiella <Spruce>/
4<slender, in dull green to greenish- or reddish-brown patches or
tufts mixed with other bryophytes,>,1 5<the stems procumbent to erect,
the few branches lateral> 7,3 10,1<the cortical cells large and
hyaline, those of the central strand small and relatively thicker
walled> 12,1<these microphyllous or leafless, sometimes constituting
the entire plants> 14,1 15,2 17,1<but very scarce, at stem bases and
on flagella>/2 20,4 24,1<conduplicate-concave, oval to
oval-lanceolate> 25,2 26<(sub-)>,1 28,2 30,1<at least, the leaves
concave> 31,2 32<minute on the lower parts of the stems and branches,
larger distally,>,2<to about a third> 38,2 40,1-2<resembling them or
rather smaller and more triangular, occasionally entire> 45,2 53,3
62,1 73<terminal before becoming intercalary, the bracts similar to
the upper leaves but basally more concave> 75,1 78<terminating stems
and branches, often with innovations> 81,1<one to three pairs
surrounding the perianth, resembling the leaves but longer, 1/5-1/4
bilobed> 83,1<resembling the bracts, or sometimes entire> 84,1
85<fusiform, composed of two cell layers to above the middle, distally
trigonous, the mouth ciliate-dentate and \i{}almost closed\i0{}>
88<membranous, whitish> 89,1 90,1 93<brown,>,2 96,1 98,2 99,1
107,1<\i{}H. laxifolia\i0{}> 108,1&2&3 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,9
115<hygrobie> 
 
# Jamesoniella <(Spruce) Carring. in Lees>/
4,1 5<the stems usually prostrate with ascending apices, flexuose or
arcuate, simple or branching ventrally from the postical angles of the
leaves, repeatedly innovant from below female inflorescences> 6,1/2
7<when branching,>,2 14,1 15,1<small to large>/2 17,1<usually in
ventral tufts> 18,1 20,3/2&3 22,1 23,2 24,2<and more or less decurrent
on the dorsal side, almost semi-amplexicaul> 25,1/2 26,1-2<the
lower>/1<the upper> 27<orbicular or quadrate-orbicular,>,2 28,2
31<dorsally>,1 32,1/1-2<entire or retuse> 33,2 40,3/4<if present, very
small and mostly confined to female shoots> 45,2 46,1<7-20 per cell>
53,3 62,1 73<terminal before becoming intercalary, with 4-6 pairs of
imbricate, ventricose bracts each with an inflated antical lobule
subtending the antheridia> 75,1<usually>/2 76,2-4 78<terminal> 79,2
81,1<one pair, somewhat larger than the leaves, laciniate> 82,3
83,1<large, laciniate> 84,1 85<emergent and longly exserted when
fertile, and narrowing to the denticulate or ciliate mouth>
86,1<deeply 6-10 plicate> 87,2 89,1 90,2 92,4-5 95,1 96,1
98<reddish-brown, laxly>,2 99,1 107,2 108,1&2&3 109,1 110,1 111,2
112,13 115<jamesoni> 
 
# Jubula <Dum.>/
4<forming soft, dark green patches,>,1 5<the shoots procumbent,
irregularly 1-2-pinnately branched, usually with one or two
innovations arising immediately below the perianth> 6,1 9,1&3&4<the
vegetative branching both \i{}Frullania\i0{} type and intercalary, the
female inflorescences with \i{}Radula\i0{}-type innovations> 10,1<the
cortex unistratose> 14,1 15,2 20,2 22,2 24,3 25,2 26<approximate to>,1
27<spreading horizontally,>,1 32<deeply>,2<almost to the base,
conduplicate, the dorsal lobe asymmetrically ovate and apically
rounded, not or hardly crossing the stem, without ocelli, the margin
entire to spinosely toothed or ciliate, the small ventral lobe
variable in form from helmet-shaped and sometimes with a narrow
spur-like stylus projecting from the base to lanceolate, acuminate
with 0-2 spinose teeth or very small and manifested only as a reflexed
tooth at the base of the dorsal lobe> 33,1 35,3 36,1 37<sometimes>,1
38,2 40,2<ovate to orbicular, 1/2-2/3 bilobed, the lobes emarginate,
the margins with 0-2 spinose teeth> 45,2 62,2 63,1 64,1 73<on lateral
branches that are shorter than to scarcely longer than the leaves,
with 3-4 pairs of bilobed, imbricate, saccate bracts> 75,1-2
78<terminating long branches and main axes, often with 1-2
\i{}Radula\i0{}-type innovations> 81,1<conduplicate, asymmetrically
bilobed, the lobes acuminate, the margins spinose-dentate>
83,1<smaller than the bracts, symmetrically bilobed to 1/2,
spinose-dentate> 89,1 96,1 98,1 99,3<less persistent than in
\i{}Frullania\i0{} and more numerous, but similarly 
orientated vertically 
in the unopened capsules, sessile on the distal half of each valve
and with their trumpet-shaped lower ends becoming free at dehiscence> 
107,1<\i{}J. hutchinsii\i0{}>
108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,25 115<jubula> 
 
# Jungermannia <L.>/
3<\i{}Aplozia\i0{} Dum., \i{}Eucalyx\i0{} Breidl.> 4<small to large,
yellowish-green to brown,>,1 5<shoots prostrate to erect, branches
arising laterally, innovations arising under the perianth> 6,1 7,3
14,1 15,1/2 17<usually>,1<generally abundant> 18,1/2/3 20,3 24,2 25,2
26<usually more or less>,1 27<reniform, ovate, orbicular or
elliptical,>,2 28,2 31,1<and sometimes decurrent on both sides>/2 32,1
38,2 45,2 53<usually>,3 62,1/2 63<when bisexual,>,1 64<when
bisexual,>,2 73<when dioecious, terminal prior to becoming
intercalary, the bracts of similar shape to the leaves, basally
saccate> 78<terminal> 79,1<short, or long and bearing 1-2 pairs of
female bracts>/2 81,1<entire and shaped similarly to the leaves> 83,2
84,1 85<concealed to 2/3 emergent, variously shortly cylidrical,
obovoid, clavate or fusiform, gradually or abruptly contracted to the
mouth and sometimes beaked> 86,1<usually>/2 87,1/2 89,1 92,2 95,1
96,1<usually reddish brown> 98,2 99<presumably>,1<!> 107,14
108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,13 114<Alarming nomenclatural
confusion post-Macvicar, cf. (e.g.) his \i{}Aplozia\i0{} and
\i{}Eucalyx\i0{}> 115<jungerma> 
 
# Kurzia <V. Martens>/
2<\i{}Lepidozia\i0{}> 4<minute to medium sized, dull green to
brownish,>,1 5<the branching regularly to irregularly 1-2 pinnate, but
producing vertical leafless shoots that penetrate the substrate to a
depth of 20 cm> 6,1 10,1<with large, thick-walled cortical cells,
those of the central cylinder smaller and thinner-walled> 12,1/2 14,1
15,2 20,2 22,1-2 24,1-2 25,2 26,1<towards apices>/2 27<spreading to
incurved, when oblique>,1 32,3<symmetrically to asymmetrically (2-)3-4
lobed almost to the base, incurved hand-like, the lobes narrow and
biseriate to their unicellular apices> 33,2 38,2 40,1-2<smaller or
similar to them, 2-4 lobed almost to their bases> 45,2 62,1 73<usually
on short ventral branches, the bracts much larger than the leaves, a
half to two thirds 2-5 lobed, the lobes dentate> 75,1 76,1 78<on short
ventral branches> 81,1<isophyllous, much larger than the leaves,
simple or lobed to laciniate, the margins entire, denticulate or
ciliate-dentate> 84,1 85<narrowly ellipsoid, contracted to the
unistratose mouth> 89,1 92,2-3 95,1 96,1 98,2 99,1 107,3 108,1&2&3&4
109,1 110,1 111,2 112,6 115<kurzia> 
 
# Leiocolea <Buch>/
2<\i{}Lophozia\i0{}> 4<small to robust, often brownish tinged>,1
5<shoots procumbent to erect, usually sparsely branched> 6,1/2 11,1
14,1 15<mostly thin-walled,>,1-2 17<usually>,1<usually numerous more
or less to the stem apices> 20,2<usually, at least on the sterile
stems>/3 22,1 24,2 25,2 26,1 27<the dorsal margins decurrent or not,
the ventral margins hardly ever ciliate>,2 28,2 31<shortly>,1/2
32<1/6-1/3>,2<the lobes rounded to acute or obtuse and apiculate, the
ventral one often larger than the dorsal> 33,2 35,2 40,2/3/4<usually
present on sterile stems, but small, subulate to narrowly lanceolate,
simple or bifid, usually with one or more teeth or cilia> 41,1/2 45,2
46,1<mostly 2-5 per cell, opaque> 53,1<smooth>/2 62,1/2 63<when
bisexual,>,1 64,2 73<in the few species described by Macvicar and
Smith, intercalary or terminal, with 4-8 pairs of saccate, three-lobed
or antically one-toothed bracts at the middle of the stems>
81,1-2<similar to the leaves, or larger> 82,2/3 84,1 85<smooth,
abruptly contracted to the \i{}shortly beaked\i0{}, denticulate or
ciliate mouth> 86,2<at least, no more than slightly plicate at the
rounded apex> 87,1/1-2<abruptly contracted to shortly beaked> 89,1
96,1<usually brown or reddish-brown> 98,2 99,1 102,1 107,7 108,1&2&3&4
109,1 110,1 111,2 112,12 115<leiocole> 
 
# Lejeunea <Libert corr. Hampe>/
3<\i{}Microlejeunea\i0{} Steph.> 4<minute to medium sized, yellowish
to green, occasionally brown-tinged,>,1 6<slightly or
irregularly>,1<sometimes pinnately> 9,2 10,1<the sstems in T.S.
exhibiting 5-25 central cells surrounded by 7 cortical cells> 14,1
15,1<these small?>/2 16,2 20,2 24,3 25,2 26,1-2 27<spreading
laterally,>,1 32,2<the apex of the dorsal lobe blunt or rounded, the
the ventral lobe small or sometimes vestigial, usually inflated, but
not modified into a beaked sac, the apex comprising a blunt
unicellular tooth> 33,1 35,3 38,2 40,2<seldom more than half as big as
the leaves, 1-4 times the width of the stem, more or less orbicular,
bilobed to 1/3 or more, the lobes not divergent> 41,1 42,2 45,2
53,3<and lacking other vegetative propagules> 62,1/2 63<when
bisexual,>,1 64,1 73<on short branches, the imbricate, more or less
symmetrically bilobed bracts saccate, with bracteoles confined to the
base of the inflorescence> 78<variousl terminating main axes, long or
short branches, rarely on dwarf branches, often becoming
pseudo-lateral by sub-involucral innovation> 81,1<more or less similar
to the leaves, unequally bilobed> 83,1<bilobed, basally joined to one
or both bracts> 84,1 85<usually 5-keeled and often keel-winged, at
least distally> 89,1 96,1 98,1 99,2<orientated vertically in 
the unopened capsules and
extending to the floor, remaining attached by their upper ends to
the inner walls of the distal ends of the dehiscing capsule valves
and their trumpet-shaped lower ends becoming free>  107,8 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,26
115<lejeunea> 
 
# Lepidozia <(Dum.) Dum.>/
4<small to medium sized, dull or pale green or cream,>,1 5<the stems
1-2 pinnate> 6,1 10,2 12,1<sometimes, arising ventrally from the
stems, or via attenuation of branch tips>/2 14,1 15,2 20,2 22,2 24,2
26,1/2 27,1 32<1/4 to 3/4>,2-3<the 2-5 lobes 4-12 cells wide towards
their bases> 38,2 40,2<and more or less symmetrical> 45,2 53,3<or
unknown> 62,1/2 63<when bisexual,>,1 64,1 73<on short ventral
branches, or terminal on attenuated branches, with 4-10 pairs of
convave, 2-3 lobed bracts smaller than or similarly sized to the
leaves> 75,1/1-2 76,2 78<on short ventral branches> 81,1<much larger
than the leaves, apically entire or toothed> 84,1 85<2-4 stratose>
89,1 92,3-5 95,1 96,1 98<slender,>,2 99,1 107,3 108,1&2&3&4 109,1
110,1 111,2 112,6 115<lepidozi> 
 
# Leptoscyphus <Mitt.>/
4<minute to 1 m long, in small, depressed, reddish-brown patches,>,1
5<shoots prostrate, stems branching irregularly, often partly naked by
shedding of propagative leaves and underleaves, innovating from below
female inflorescences> 6,1 7,4/2&4<terminal and/or
postical-intercalary> 10,2<the cortical cells slightly wider> 11,2
12,2 14,1 15,2 17,1<scarce> 18,1 19,1 20,2 22,1<to weakly
asymmetrical> 23,1 24<very>,2/1<or almost so> 25,2 26,2/1-2<seldom
locally approximate> 27<thick and brittle, sub-orbicular to ovate or
rarely obovate, obdeltoid or obcuneate, the dorsal margin often
decurrent, the ventral sometimes connate with the
underleaves,>,2<sometimes caducous> 32<bluntly, very shallowly>,2/1<or
sometimes obscurely toothed> 33,2 34,2 38,2 40<much>,2<very variable,
usually patent, 1-2-lobed with 1-2 ciliate teeth, or rarely simple>
41,1/2 45,2 46,1<but these raidly fugacious> 53,3<unknown - asexual
reproduction via caducous leaves and underleaves> 62,1 63,1<but
inflorescences very rare> 73<lateral and spicate or intercalary or
occasionally ventral> 74<larger than the leaves> 78<terminating main
axes or branches> 79,2 80,3 81,1 82,2/2-3<of similar size to or
somewhat larger than the adjacent leaves> 83,1<free or connate with
one bract> 84,1 85<inflated below and laterally compressed above, the
mouth truncate, entire to toothed, \i{}bilabiate with a rudimentary
third lip\i0{}> 87,2 89<presumably>,1<but unknown in Europe> 90,2
92,2/4-5 96,1 99,1 102,2/3 104,1/2 105,2 106<generally on trunks of
deciduous trees and shrubs, sometimes on vertical surfaces of neutral
to acid rocks> 107,1<\i{}L. cuneifoleus\i0{}> 108,3&4 109,1 110,1
111,2 112,16 115<leptoscy> 
 
# Lophocolea <(Dum.) Dum.>/
3<\i{}Chiloscyphus\i0{} p.p.> 4<small to large, whitish- to
yellowish-green or green>,1 5<the stems usually creeping, branching
irregularly> 6,1 11,2 14,1 15<thin walled, but small>,1/2 17,1<bunched
at the bases of the underleaves> 18,1 20,2 23,2 24<very>,2 25,2
26<usually>,1 27,2 32,1-2<truncate or emarginate to bilobed almost to
halfway, with a wide sinus, sometimes irregularly spinosely toothed
apically> 38,2 40,2<bilobed, sometimes toothed on either side> 45,2
53,1-3<when present, 1-multicellular> 62,1/2 63<when bisexual,>,1/2
73<when dioecious terminal or becoming intercalary, the basally
saccate bracts subtending the solitary antheridia> 75,1 78<terminal on
main axes and branches> 81,1<usually bilobed, resembling the stem
leaves, but often more dentate or ciliate> 83,1<similar to or smaller
than the bracts> 84,1 85<longly-emergent, trigonous above and often
keel-winged, the wide mouth 3-lobed with dentate or ciliate lobes>
88,1<free> 89,1 90,2 92,4-6 95,1 96,1<reddish brown> 98,2 99,1 107,5
108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,16 115<lophocol> 
 
# Lophozia <(Dum.) Dum.>/
4<as tufts, patches or scattered individuals,>,1 5<procumbent to
erect, usually branched from the postical angles of leaves> 6,1 14,1
15<commonly>,1/2 17,1 18,1/1&3<sometimes brown at the base>
20,3<nearly always>/2 22<usually more or less>,1 24<more or less>,1-2
25,2 26<usually more or less>,1 27<symmetrical to asymmetrical,
decurrent, the ventral margins without cilia,>,2 28,2 30,1-2 31,1
32<usually>,2<from only slightly to 1/3, the lobes acute to rounded,
the upper sometimes secondarily 3-4 lobed> 33,2 35<usually more or
less>,2 38<the cell walls thick to thin, but>,2 40,4<at least from
sterile stems> 45,2 46<commonly>,1<6-50 per cell> 53<usually
present,>,1-2<at apices and margins of upper leaf lobes, 1-2 celled,
angular> 62,1<mostly>/2 63<when bisexual,>,1 64,2 73<(androecia)
terminal or intercalary, the 5-8(-15) pairs of bracts basally saccate
and often with an antical tooth or lobe> 75,1-3<these ovoid to
globose> 78<terminal> 81,1<larger than the leaves, 2-5 lobed, dentate
or not> 82,3 84,1 85<terminal, longly exserted, ovate to cylindical,
and shortly contracted at the mouth, \i{}not beaked\i0{}> 86<usually
deeply>,1 87,2 89,1 90<longly pedicellate,>,2-3 93<commonly reddish
brown,>,2 95,1 96,1 98,2 99,1 107<about>,13 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1
111,2 112,12 115<lophozia> 
 
# Lunularia <Adans.>/
4,2 14,2<at least, the 2-3 cm stalked female receptacles nit terminal>
19,2 45,2 47<irregularly>,4 51,2 52,1<sparse, in one row on either
side of the midrib, hyaline and elogate, one margin toothed and with a
round appendage> 54<usually>,1<except sometimes in wet habitats> 55,1
57,1 58<elevated,>,1<surrounded by 3-4 concentric rings of thin walled
cells> 59,1 60,1 61<pale>,1 62,1 66,1 67,2 68,2 69,1 70,2 71,1 72,1
89,1 94,2 96,1 98,2 99<threadlike,>,1 107,1<\i{}L. cruciata\i0{}>
108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,2 111,5 112,35 115<lunulari> 
 
# Marchantia <L.>/
4,2<forming extended deep green ptches or rosettes, the thallus flat
or somewhat concave with sinuate-lobed margins the apices emarginate>
14,1<in that the 2-5 cm-stalked, rayed female receptacles are apical>
19,2 45,2 47<richly>,4 51,2<but at least sometimes with a dark line
associated with the midrib> 52,1<in two rows along the midrib, and two
rows on either side, purple to colourless, sometimes projecting beyond
the margins of the thallus> 54<nearly always>,1 55,2
56<rotund-reniform, nearly flat, inserted vertically in groups at the
bottom of the gemma cups> 57<under the microscope>,1
58,2<barrel-shaped, comprising four four-celled rings,superimposed so
as to appear from above as two rings> 59,1 60,1 61<pale>,1-2 62,1 66,1
68,1 69,1 70<apical,>,2<stalks 2-5 cm> 71,2 72<apical, peltate, less
common them females,>,2 89,1 94,3 96,1 98<long and attenuate,
yellow,>,2 99,1 107,1<\i{}M. polymorpha\i0{}> 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,2
111,5 112,39 115<marcanti> 
 
# Marchesinia <S.F. Gray>/
4<relatively large, in olive- to blackish-green or rarely brownish,
flat patches,>,1 6,1<the shoots procumbent, irregularly to pinnately
branched> 9,1/2/1&2 10,1<in T.S. exhibiting numerous central cells
surronded by twelve or more cortical cells> 14,1 15,1<small> 17,1
18<short,>,1/3 20,2 24,3 25,2 26<somewhat to closely>,1 27<spreading
horizontally, the margins entire to slightly sinuous,>,1 32,2<almost
to the base, the dorsal lobe crossing the stem, ovate to broadly
elliptical or sub-orbicular, slightly convex with a deflexed, rounded
apex, the ventral lobe about half the size, ovate-oblong, inflated at
the keel with two teeth near the base> 33,1 34,1 35,3 38,2
40<much>,2<about three times as broad as the stem, broadly orbicular,
simple, flat, the margins sinuous, the apex straight to slightly
emarginate> 41,2 45,2 53,3 62,2 63,1 64,1 73<terminal and spicate on
short branches, becoming intercalary and sometimes successive, the 3-6
pairs of bilobed bracts smaller than the leaves, the doral lobe larger
than the ventral, both with rounded apices> 78<terminal on short
branches> 81,1<slightly larger than the leaves, unequally bilobed with
ovate, entire lobes, the ventral one about 2/3 as long as the dorsal>
83,1<oblong-cuneate, apically retuse> 84,1 85<becoming exserted more
than half its length, obcuneate, strongly compressed, shortly beaked,
the mouth entire> 87,1 89,1 90,1 92,2<the inner wall fenestrated with
16 large pits> 96,1 98,1 99,2<orientated vertically in 
the unopened capsules and
extending to the floor, remaining attached by their upper ends to
the inner walls of the distal ends of the dehiscing capsule valves
and their trumpet-shaped lower ends becoming free>  
107,1<\i{}M. mackaii\i0{}>
108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,26 115<marchesi> 
 
# Marsupella <Dum.>/
4<minute to large, in tufts or patches, commonly brown,>,1 5<the stems
simple to sparingly branched, basally stoloniferous> 6,1/2 14,1
15<thin- to thick-walled,>,1/2 17,1 18,1-2 20,5 21,1/2 22,1 24<more or
less>,1/1-2 25,2 26,1-2<less effectively hiding the stems than in
\i{}Gymnomitrion\i0{}> 27<spreading to appressed, more or less
concave, when not secund slightly>,2/- 32,1-2<only slightly to 1/2
bilobed, the lobes more or less equal> 38,2 45,2 53,3 62<with terminal
inflorescences,>,1/2 63<when bisexual,>,1 64<when bisexual,>,2
79,1/2<often marsupial, usually orientated on the same axis as the
stem and well developed, or short and then with the sporophyte deeply
embedded> 80,1/2/3 81,1<4-6, larger than the preceding male bracts
when paroecious or leaves when dioecious, erect, basally connate with
one another and with the perianth> 84,1<usually shortly conical or
ovoid-conical with the mouth crenulate to crenulate-dentate, sometimes
immersed in the female bracts>/2<then represented by 1-2 circles of
scales> 88,1<this unistratose, not derived from the perigynium,
surrounded basally by sterile archegonia> 89,1 90,1 92,2 95,1 96,1
98,2/3 99,1 107,11 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,14 115<marsupel> 
 
# Mastigophora <Nees>/
4<medium sized to robust,>,1 5<one- to two-pinnately branching> 6,1
12,1<in that the mature branches have attenuate apices with smaller
leaves, and sometimes flagelliform tips>/2 13,1<on the main axes> 14,1
15,1<these large> 18<arising near the branch tips> 20,2 22,2 24<more
or less>,1<approximate, translucent, very fragile> 25,2 26<approximate
to>,1 29,1 32,1-3<mostly 3-4 lobed> 38,2 40,2<shorter, bilobed> 53,3
62,1 73<on short lateral branches, the antheridia 2-3 in the axils of
male bracts and underleaves> 75,2/3 78<terminal on short lateral
branches> 84,1-2 85<if detectable, rudimentary> 89,1 90,2 94,2 96,1
98,2 99,1 107,1<\i{}M. woodsii\i0{}> 108,3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,2
114<Smiths description of the sporophyte quoted here is alarmingly
different from Macvicars regarding perianth, etc. ..... >
115<mastigop> 
 
# Metzgeria <Raddi>/
4,2<the thallus linear, with the midrib sharply defined from the
unistratose wings, hairs absent from the dorsal surface and sparse or
absent ventrally> 14,2<borne ventrally on the midrib, on dwarf fertile
branches which sometimes continue as vegetative branches> 19,1 45,2
47,4<and also venrally from the midrib> 50,2 51,1 52,2 62,1/2<then
monoecious> 68,2 88,1<pyriform, becoming fleshy, hairy> 89,1 94,2 96,1
98,1 99,2/1&2<?> 100,2<the elaterophore comprising an indistinct apical
thickening of the capsule wall, which on
dehiscence splits into four, resulting in an erect tuft of elaters 
at each of the valve apices> 107,5 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 
111,3 112,32 114<the thallus without dorsal hairs> 115<metzgeri> 
 
# Moerckia <Gott. in Rabenh.>/
4,2<with a thick midribe and unistratose, crisped wings> 14,2 17,1
18,1/3<or straw-coloured> 19,1 45,2 47,4<furcate> 51,2
52,1<uniseriate, concealed among the rhizoids at the midrib margins,
and ephemeral> 53,3<?> 57,3 59,2 62,1 63,2 65<numerous on the dorsal
surface or towards the thallus apices,>,1<protected by forwardly
directed, toothed or lobes scales, the latter in \i{}M. hibernica\i0{}
coalescing to form chambers> 68,1<this ellipsoid, the archegonia on
the dorsal side of the thallus, surrounded by irregularly laciniate or
toothed, more or less fused bracts> 89,1 90,1-3 92,3-6 94,1/2 96,1
98,2/3 99,1/1-2 100<rudimentary or absent> 107,2 108,1&2&3&4 109,1
110,1 111,3 112,29 115<moerckia> 
 
# Mylia <S.F. Gray>/
2<\i{}Leptoscyphus\i0{}> 4,1 6<sparingly>,1<the branchings terminal>/2
14,1 15<very large,>,1<these large and bulging> 17,1<in tufts at leaf
bases> 18<long,>,1 20,2 24,2 25,2 26,1 27<slightly decurrent on the
dorsal side,>,2 28,2 31<at least somewhat>,1 32<rotund to
oblong-rotund,>,1<concave or saccate only at the base, more or less
orbicular except sometimes when gemmiferous> 38,2 40,3<small and
simple, subulate or filiform, mostly concealed by rhizoids> 45,2 46,1
53,1-2<often present at the margins of apical leaves> 56<spherical to
ovoid, 1-2 celled> 62,1 73<terminal, with 4-8 pairs of transverse,
suberect bracts similar to the leaves, but basally saccate, generally
subtending pairs of globose to ovoid antheridia> 75,2 78<terminal on
the main stem or branches> 79,2 81,1<similar to the leaves> 83,2 84,1
85<emergent, laterally compressed with a broad, closed mouth> 89,1
90,2 92,3-5 95,1 96,1 98<reddish-brown,>,2 99,1 107,2 108,1&2&3&4
109,1 110,1 111,2 112,13 115<mylia> 
 
# Nardia <S.F. Gray>/
3<\i{}Alicularia\i0{} Corda> 4<caespitose, very small to robust,>,1
5<sparsely branching ventrally from postical leaf angles> 6,1 7,2 14,1
15,1/2 17,1<usually long and abundant> 18<pale> 20,2 24,2 25,2 26,1
27<reniform to orbicular,>,2 32,1-3<entire, retuse or rarely bilobed>
38,2 40,3<lanceolate or subulate and usually restricted to the young
parts of stems> 45,2 46,1<large, 1-several per cell> 53,3 62,1/2
63<when bisexual,>,1 64,2 73<when dioecious, terminal prior to
becoming intercalary, the bracts leaflike but basally saccate>
78<terminal> 79,1 81,1<2-3 pairs, nearly opposite, similar to but
larger than the leaves and sometimes emarginate> 83,1<these toothed>
84,1 85<very short and not exserted, tender, concrescent with the
hollowed out stem apex> 88,1<derived from tjhe perigynium> 89,1
90<more or less>,1 92,2 95,1 96,1 98,2 107,4 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1
111,2 112,13 115<nardia> 
 
# Nowellia <Mitt.>/
4<small or medium sized, green or rosy,>,1 5<the shoots procumbent,
the stems sparingly branching ventrally> 6,1 7,2 10,1<the cortex
hyaline, the central cylinder opaque> 14,1 15,2 20,3 22,2 24,1<very
narrowly based> 25,2 26,1 28,1/2<sometimes with a ventral tooth> 31,2
32<very concave and asymmetrical,>,2<having the ventral margin
inflexed to form a conspicuous, inflated sac, the long decurved lobes
very acuminate> 38,2 45,2 46,2 53,2<at the stem tips, unicellular>
62<usually>,1 73<on dwarf ventral branches, or terminating longer
branches before becoming intercalary, the bracts bilobed> 75,1 78<on
dwarf ventral branches> 79,2 81,1<slightly connate basally, larger
than the leaves, bilobed, dentate> 83,1<similar to the bracts> 84,1
85<narrowly ovoid, trigonous above with a wide, ciliate mouth> 88,2
89,1 90,2 92,2 93,2<reddish brown> 95,1 96,1 98,2 99,1<?> 107,1<\i{}N.
curvifolia\i0{}> 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,9 115<nowellia> 
 
# Odontoschisma <(Dum.) Dum.>/
4<medium sized, green, reddish to reddish-brown or purplish black,>,1
5<with ascending branches usually arising ventrally, sometimes
attenuated or gemmiferous, the male and female inflorescences on dwarf
ventral branches> 6,1 7,2/3<or intercalary> 10,1/2 11,2<opaque>
12<often>,1<these green, arising ventrally>/2 14,1 15<thick
walled,>,1<these often large and bulging>/2 17,1<but sometimes scarce
except on the flagella> 18,1 20,2/3 22<mostly sub-orbicular to
ovate,only slightly asymmetrical to>,1 23,2 24,2 25,2 26,1 27,2 28,2
30<often dorsally>,1 31,2 32<orbicular,>,1<entire, apically broadly
rounded to truncate or retuse> 34,2 38,2 40,2/3<small except on
gemmiferous shoots, often with slime papillae> 41,1<sometime, on
gemmiferous shoots>/2 45,2 46,1<mostly 2-3 per cell> 53<often>,1<on
the margins of sometimes malformed lateral leaves or underleaves,
sometimes associated with attenuated shoots>/2-3 56<1-2 celled> 62,1
63,1 73<on dwarf ventral branches, spicate with bilobed bracts much
smaller than the leaves> 75,1 78<on dwarf ventral branches> 80,3
81,1<increasing in size acropetally> 82,2-3<the uppermost bilobed and
larger than the leaves> 83,1<similar to the bracts> 84,1 85<long
exserted, trigonous above, the mouth entire to ciliate> 86,2 87,2
88,1<thin> 89,1 90,2 92,2/3 95,1 96,1 98,2 99,1 107,4 108,1&2&3&4
109,1 110,1 111,2 112,9 115<odontosc> 
 
# Pallavicinia <S.F. Gray>/
4,2<with a thick midrib and flat or undulate, unistratose wings> 14,2
18<pale>,3 19,1 45,2 47,1/2 51,1<visible as a dark line> 52,2 53,3<?>
57,3 59,2 62,1 63,2 65<biseriate, on either side of the midrib,>,1<in
the form of forwardly directed, laciniate scales> 66,1 68,1<the
archegonia on the dorsal surface of the thallus or on ventral branchs,
in groups surrounded by an involucre of laciniate scales> 88,1<more or
less protruding beyond the pseudoperianth> 89,1
90<long-pedicellate,>,3 92,2 94,1/2 96,1<long and narrow, scarcely
attenuate, pale brown> 98,2-3 99,1-2 100<rudimentary or absent>
107,1<\i{}P.lyelli\i0{}i> 108,1&2&4 109,1 110,1 111,3 112,29
115<pallavic> 
 
# Pedinophyllum <(Lindb.) Lindb.>/
4<small to robust, greenish to brownish but not reddish>,1 5<without
leafless rhizomes, the stems leafy throughout, prostrate with
ascending apices, branching irregularly> 6,1 12,2 14,1 15<thin
walled,>,1<but small>/2 17,1<rather numerous, often more or less to
the stem apices> 18<fuscous> 20,1-2 24<very>,2 25,2 26,1-2 27<more or
less flat, sub-erect to spreading horizontally, ovate-oblong to
rounded-quadrate, the antical margins not or only slightly
decurrent,>,2 28<more or less>,1/2 30,2-3 31,2 32,1/3<entire, apically
retuse or with 2-4 blunt teeth> 38,2 40,3<small, filiform, limited to
new growth> 45,2 62,2 63,1 64,1 73<terminal becoming intercalary, on
main and lateral branches, with 4-5 pairs of closely imbricate, erect,
concave and basall saccate bracts smaller than the leaves, with a
single tooth or small inflated lobe at the base of the antical margin>
75,1<usually, this globose-ovoid> 78<terminating branches>
81,1<similarly sized to the leaves or somewhat larger, with recurved
margins, emarginate or toothed> 84,1 85<shortly exserted, terminal on
main or lateral branches, broadly obovate and slightly longer than
wide, laterally compressed, the bilabiate mouth truncate, rounded and
more or less crenulate to denticulate> 89,1 90,2 93<dark brown,>,2
95,1 96,1 98<darker brown than the spores,>,2 99,1 107,1<\i{}P.
interruptum\i0{}> 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,17 115<pedinoph> 
 
# Pellia <Raddi>/
4,2 14,2 18,1<numerous, on the ventral surface of the midrib> 19,1
45,2 47,4<with emarginate apices> 51,1-2<the midrib poorly defined>
52,2 53,3 57,3 59<without \i{}Nostoc\i0{}-cavities and>,2
62,1/2<monoecious> 63,2 66,2<solitary, in cavities on the dorsal side
of the midrib> 67,2 68<in cavities, several per cavity, on the dorsal
side of the midrib,>,1<the pseudoperianth flap-like, shortly
cylindrical or tubular> 88,1<this thick walled, fleshy, emergent or
not from the pseudoperianth> 89,1 90,1 92,2-3 94,2 95,1<ovoid> 96,1
98,2-3<2-4 spiral> 99,2 100,1 107,4 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,3
112,28 115<pellia> 
 
# Petalophyllum <Nees & Gott. ex Lehm.>/
4,3 5<simple or branched> 14,2 17,1 18,1/3 19,1 45,2 47,1/4 52,2
53,3<perennating via proliferations from under the midrib> 57,3 59,2
62,1 65<more or less globose,>,1 67<in groups,>,1<these laciniate>
68,1<this widely campanulate, the mouth lobed> 83,2 84,2 88,1<only
slightly shorter than the pseudoperianth, surrounded at the base by
sterile archegonia> 89,1 90,1 92,3-4<the inner layer with semi-annular
thickenings> 93<brownish-blackish,>,2 94,6<at first>/3<by subsequent
ruptering> 95,1<with 4-6 hexagonal areolae on the convex face> 96,1
98,2/3<2-3 spiral> 99,1 107,1<\i{}P. ralfsii\i0{}> 108,1&2&3&4 109,1
110,1 111,3 112,27 114<the more or less globose antheridia scattered
on the upper surface over the midrib, protected conical or dome-shaped
scales; the archegonia in groups on both sides of the dorsal surface
of the midrib towards the apices, protected by laciniate bracts within
which the pseudoperianth forms after fertilization> 115<petaloph> 
 
# Phaeoceros <Prosk.>/
4,2<forming rosettes, the thallus usually dark green with margins only
rarely crisped, the epidermis with stomata> 14,2<borne singly on the
dorsal surface of the thallus> 45,1 47,4/5 51,2 52,2 59,2 62,1/2<then
monoecious> 89,2 90,4 91,1 93,1 94,1 95<yellowish,>,1 96,1 97<mostly
bent,>,2 98<without spiral thickenings> 99,1 107,1<\i{}P. laevis\i0{}>
108,1&2&3&4 109,2 111,6 112,41 115<phaeocer> 
 
# Plagiochila <(Dum.) Dum.>/
4<very small to robust,>,1 5<in intricate mats or turfs,
the mats often pendent, with leafy shoots arising 
from rhizoid-covered
rhizomatous stems, sparsely to freely branched from the postical leaf
angles, innovating from below the perianth> 6,1 12<often>,1 14,1
15,1<small to large and bulging> 17,1<but more or less confined to the
flagella and basal axes, the leafy shoots with few or none> 20,2/3 
22<more or
less>,2<usually convex, often varying in size and shape along the
stems> 24,2 25,2 26,1 27,2 28<at least ventrally>,1 30<dorsally>,2-3
31,1<sometimes decurrent on both sides>/2 32,1/2/3<the apices rounded
or truncate, toothed, or only rarely deeply bilobed> 33,2 38,1/2
40,3<limited to new growth, small and usually subulate>/4 41,2 45,2
46,1<4-15 per cell> 53,3<but propagating vegetatively by caducous
leaves and assorted fragments> 62,1 73<terminal or intercalary, with
closely imbricate, basally saccate bracts smaller than the leaves>
75,2<usually>/3<someimes up to ten> 78<terminating stems or branches>
81,1<usually two, similar to the leaves but with more numerous and
coarser teeth> 83,1/2<usually> 84,1 85<campanulate to cylindrical,
strongly laterally compressed, often ventrally keeled and sometimes
dorsally and/or ventrally winged, the wide mouth truncate or
rotundate, dentate or ciliate> 86,2 87,2 88,1<free> 89,1 90<usually
shortly pedicellate,>,1-2 92,4-10 95,1 96,1 98,2 99,1 107,9
108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,17 115<plagioch> 
 
# Pleurocladula <Grolle>/
3<\i{}Pleuroclada\i0{}> 4,1<whitish-green and becoming white on
drying, in patches, tufts or growing through other bryophytes> 5<with
procumbent to erect shoots, and the occasional sub-pinnate branching
lateral> 6,1 7,4/3<rarely, then intercalary> 10,1<the cortical cells
large and hyaline> 11,1 12,2 14,1 15,2 16,2 17,1 18,1 20,2 22,1-2
24<more or less>,1/1-2 25,2 26,1/1-2<approximate to subimbricate>
27,2<if determinable>/- 28,2 30,3<at least, the leaves very concave>
31,2 32<more or less orbicular and very concave, symmetrically to
asymmetrically about 1/3 to 1/2>,2<the lobes incurved, broadly
triangular, acute> 33,2 34,2 38,2 40,2<0.3-0.5 mm long and somewhat
smaller than the laterals, but quite large, ovate-lanceolate to ovate,
entire or with a single tooth or lobe on one or both sides> 41,1<but
not apically so>/2 45,2 46,2 53,2<in globose clusters at shoot apices,
surrounded by 1-2 circles of reatively large leaves and underleaves,
spherical to ellipsoid and unicellular> 62,1 73<comprising 2-8(-20)
distant to imbricate pairs of bracts> 75,1/1-2 80,3 81,1
82<much>,3<basally free or connate, inrolled, sometimes bi- or
occasionally tri-lobed to about 1/3, then the lobes broadly triangular
and acute> 83,1<smaller than or similar in size to the bracts,
narrowly oblong and sub-dentate> 84,1<but undeveloped in the absence
of fertilization> 85<long-exserted, basally fleshy,
subclavate-cylindrical, trigonous above, contracted at the weakly
lobed and crenulate-denticulate mouth> 86,2 87,2 89,1
90,2-3<ellipsoid> 92,2<the inner layer with semi-annular thickenings>
95,1 96,1 98,2 99,1<?> 101,2 102,3 105,1 106<in peaty or gravelly soil
at high elevations, irrigated by melt-water> 107,1<\i{}P.
albescens\i0{}> 108,3 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,9 115<pleurocl> 
 
# Pleurozia <Dum.>/
4<robust, reddish-yellow to reddish- or deep purple,>,1 5<the shoots
ascending from a rhizomatous base, simple or with 2-3 branches,
ventrally secund distally, the inflorescences on short lateral
branches> 6,1/2 13,- 14,1 15,1<these very large> 17<present only in
the rhizomatous base> 20,3 24,1-2<?> 25,2 26,1<closely imbricate and
concealing the stem, ventrally secund> 27,1 32,2<almost to the base,
conduplicate, the dorsal lobe lobe broadly ovate and widely crossing
the stem, convex, apically emerginate and dentate, its dorsal margin
almost semi-circular with 2-3 teeth near the base, the ventral lobe
much smaller, pyriform to ovoid and uniquely, complexly modified to
hold water, being saccate via two internal flaps and folding> 33,1
35,3 38,2 45,2 53,3 62,2 63,1 64,1 73<on short lateral branches near
the female one, spicate with 6-12 pairs of imbricate, broadly
ovate-rotundate, complicate-concave bracts with apices entire to as
much as 1/3 3-4 lobed> 75,1<ovoid-globose> 78<lateral, on a short
branch near the main stem apex> 81,1<with the antical lobe narrower
than in the leaves, the postical lobe of one bract not saccate and
that of the other bract seemingly replaced by two, free
paraphyllia-like leaves> 84,1 85<elongate, suddenly narrowed to the
mouth with about twelve small, triangular ciliate lobes; but sometimes
replaced by tubular, cylindrical, smooth and wide-mouthed sterile
perianths, which are another unique feature of the family>
86<deeply>,1 89,1 96,1 98,2 99,1 107,1<\i{}P. purpurea\i0{}> 108,3&4
109,1 110,1 111,2 112,20 114<\i{}Pleurozia\i0{} is further peculiar
among Jungermanniales in having an apical cell with only two cutting
faces> 115<pleurozi> 
 
# Porella <L.>/
3<\i{}Madotheca\i0{}> 4<robust, yellowish-green, green or brown>,1
5<basally rhizomatous, the branching lateral, 1-3 pinnate> 6,1 7,3 9,1
10,1<the cotical cells thick walled and soon becoming pigmented, the
medullary cell walls thin and hyaline> 14,1 15,1/2 17,1<but often
scarce, arising from the underleaves> 18,3 20,2 24,2/3 26,1 27,1
28<mostly>,2 29,2 32<conduplicate->,2<almost to the base, with only a
very short or vestigial keel, the orbicular to lanceolate, entire or
dentate dorsal lobe very much larger than the ligulate, linear or
ovate ventral one, which differs from that of \i{}Ptilidium\i0{} in
lacking an internal water sac> 33,1 34,1-2 35,3 38,2 40,2<present
everywhere, resembling the ventral leaf lobes but broader and often
basally decurrent on both sides> 45,2 53,3 62,1 73<on dwarf lateral
branches, shortly spicate, the imbricate, almost equally bilobed
bracts perfectly opposite and connate with the underleaves> 75,1 78<on
dwarf lateral branches> 81,1<usually a single pair, usually dentate or
ciliate> 84,1 85<sub-ovoid, often dorsally compressed distally,
trigonous in section, the mouth becoming bilabiate or campanulate by
extrusion of the capsule> 88,1<of several cell layers> 89,1 90<shortly
pedicellate,>,1 94,2<these often irregularly split and rarely
separating down to the base> 96,1 98<short,>,2/3 99,1 107,5
108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,23 115<porella> 
 
# Preissia <Corda in Opiz>/
4,2<in thin pale green patches, the thallus ligulate, nearly flat
above with thin, wavy, reddish-brown margins and two rows of ventral
scales> 14,1<in that the stalked, more or less hemispherical,
shallowly 3-4-lobed female receptacles are apical> 19,2 45,2 47,4
51,2<and with no dark line associated with there midrib> 52,1<these
imbricate, purplish, with a row on either side of the midrib,
ephemeral> 54,2 57,1 58,2<small, barrel-shaped, comprising 4-5 rings
each of 4-6 cells, superimposed to appear as two rings from above>
59,1 60,1 61,1/3 62,1/2<then monoecious> 66,1 68,1 69,1 70<arising
terminally,>,2<the peduncles to 5 cm long, reddish below> 71<shallowly
3-4 lobed on stalks to 5 cm> 72<arising terminally>,2<more or less
circular on the 1-2 cm stalk, the latter with two rhizoid furrows>
89,1 92,1<with numerous annular thickenings> 94,3 95<reddish-brown,
corsely reticulate,>,1 96,1 98,2 99,1 102,1 107,1<\i{}P.
quadrata\i0{}> 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,2 111,5 112,39 115<preissia> 
 
# Ptilidium <Nees>/
4<generally densely tufted, usually reddish brown or brown, rarely
olive green,>,1<the leaves usually becoming seconsarily pigmented>
6<procumbent, ascending or erect,>,1<irregularly 1-2-pinnately
branched> 9,1 10,1<the cotical cells thick walled and soon becoming
pigmented, the medullary cell walls thin and hyaline> 12,2 13,2 14,1
15,1<usually, large> 17,1<usually few and short> 20,2
24<sub-orbicular, more or less>,1-2<not conduplicate> 25,2 26,1 27,1
29<very>,1<all the margins normally with long cilia> 32,2/3<the dorsal
lobe larger than the ventral, but ostensibly 2-6 lobed by subdivision
of the primary lobes, the margins with numerous uniseriate cilia, the
ventral one with an internal water sac> 38,2 40,2<similar in shape but
only about half as large> 45,2 46,1<these very small and numerous>
53,3 62,1 73<terminating main or lateral branches, becoming
intercalary, with several pairs of closely imbricate, transverse,
complicate-concave, ventricose, unequally 3-4 lobed bracts smaller
than the leaves> 75,1/2<these large> 77,2 78<terminal on the stem or
main branches, but later on short laterals through innovations>
81,1<larger and more densely ciliate than the leaves and underleaves>
83,1<larger and more densely ciliate than the leaves and underleaves,
cf. the bracts> 84,1 85<cylindrical to obpyriform, and narrowed to the
4-5 lobed and ciliate mouth> 86,1 89,1 90,1-2 92,4-5 93<dark brown,>,2
95,1 96,1 98,2 99,1 107,2 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,22
115<ptilidiu> 
 
# Radula <Dum.>/
4<mostly medium sized to large and forming thin patches, yellowish- to
olive-green or brown,>,1 5<the shoots prostrate, sparingly 1-2
pinnate, the branching lateral> 6,1 7,3 9<terminal>,3 14,1 15,1/2
17,1<confined to the inflated parts of ventral leaf lobes, near the
keel> 20,3 22,2 23,2 24,3 25,2 26,1<approximate to imbricate>
27<spreading horizontally,>,1 28,2 32<conduplicate->,2<the ventral
lobe smaller than the dorsal one, the margins entire, the keel region
inflated> 33,1 34,1 35,3 38,2 45,2 46,1<1-3 per cell, and so large as
to render the cells opaque> 53<or caducous leaves>,1/2/3 62,1/2 63,1
64<when bisexual,>,2 73<in dioecious species - i.e. mostly - terminal,
spicate, with few to many imbricate, erect, saccate bracts smaller
than the leaves; in monoecious species comprising fewer bracts which
are saccate but otherwise more or less similar to the vegetative
leaves, subtending 1-2 or rarely 3 antheridia> 75,1-2/3<rarely 3>
81,1<usually two, smaller than the vegetative leaves and with a
relatively larger ventral lobe> 84,1 85<proximally terete and
dorsiventrally compressed distally, smooth, the wide mouth entire to
dentate> 86,2 89,1 90<shortly and stoutly pedicellate,>,2-3 92,2
94,2<to the base> 95,1 96,1 98<long, slender, obtuse, closely>,2 99,1
107,6 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,21 115<radula> 
 
# Reboulia <Raddi>/
4,2<parchment-like when dry, the dorsal surface not reticulate>
14,2<in that the 1-2 cm-stalked female receptacles arise behind the
thallus apices> 19,2 45,2 47,4 51<opaque,>,2 52,1<one row on either
side of the midrib, purple, obliquely semi-lunar and initially with
two elongated appendages> 54,2 57,1 58<scarcely elevated,>,1 59,1 60,2
61<deep purple to>,3 62,1/2<then monoecious> 65,2 66,1 67,2 68,2 69,1
70<arising behind the thallus apex,>,2<the stalk 1-2 cm long> 71<with
4-7 rounded lobes> 72<on the dorsal surface of the midrib,>,1 89,1
94<not dehiscing via a lid ... > 95,1 96,1 98,2 99,1 107,1<\i{}R.
hemisphaerica\i0{}> 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,2 111,5 112,38 115<reboulia>
 
# Riccardia <S.F. Gray>/
2<\i{}Aneura\i0{}> 4,2<the thallus pale to dark green, circular to
concavo-convex in section> 14,2 19,1 45,2 46,1<1-15 per cell>/2
47<irregularly 1-4>,2/3 49,2 51,2 52,2 53,1/2/3 54,2<gemmae often
present at the thallus apices,endogenous, 1-3 celled> 57,3 59,2
62,1/2<then monoecious> 64<when monoecious,>,1 88,1<1-2 cells thick>
89,1 94,2 95,1 96,1 98,1 99,2/1&2
100,2<the original elaterophore being represented by
an indistinct apical thickening of the capsule wall,
which splits into four on dehiscence and resulting in
erect tufts of elaters at the valve apices> 107,5 108,1&2&3&4 
109,1 110,1 111,3 112,31 115<riccardi> 
 
# Riccia <L.>/
4,2 14,2<in that archegonia are embedded in the dorsal surface of the
thallus> 19,2 45,2 47,4 52,1<arising in a single median row, becoming
two lateral rows of half-scales by growth of the thallus> 54,2
57<without epidermal oil-cells,>,2/3 58<if present,>,1<vestigial>
59,1<in 4-5 rows> 60,2/3 62,1/2<then monoecious> 66,2 69,2<embedded in
the dorsal surface of the thallus> 89,1 94<decaying to release the
spores?> 95,1<released by decay of the thallus> 96,2
101<submerged>,1/2-3 107,13 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,2 111,5 112,40
115<riccia> 
 
# Ricciocarpos <Corda in Opiz>/
4,2 14,2<in that archegonia are embedded in the dorsal surface of the
thallus> 19,2 45,2 47<grooved, with conspicuous ventral
scales,>,4<often cordate> 52,1<conspicuous, brownish to violet,
serrate> 54,2 57,1<and with scattered oil-cells> 58<small but
distinct>,1 59,1 60<usually>,3 62,1/2<then monoecious> 69,2<embedded
in the dorsal surface of the thallus> 89,1 96,2 101<floating>,1/2/3
102,1 107,1<\i{}R. natans\i0{}> 108,1&4 109,1 110,2 111,5 112,40
115<riccioca> 
 
# Saccogyna <Dum.>/
4<medium sized to robust, in pale olive- or brownish-green flat
patches, sometimes extensive or creeping through other bryophytes>,1
5<the shoots procumbent, with occasional ventral branching including
the dwarf male and female branches> 6,1 7,2 14,1 15<thin
walled,>,1<these small> 17,1<tufted at the underleaf bases> 18,1 20,2
24<very>,2 25<more or less>,1 26,1<imbricate>
27<\i{}sub-opposite\i0{}, spreading horizontally, shortly
decurrent,>,2 32<oblong, ovate-oblong or ovate-triangular, plane or
convex,>,1<with rounded apices> 38,2 40,2<about as wide as the stems,
triangular-acuminate with sharply toothed margins, often basally
joined to one or both adjoining laterals> 45,2 53,3 62,1 73<on very
small dwarf ventral branches concealed under lateral leaves, the 4-5
pairs of tiny, bilobed, basally saccate bract> 75,1/2<these large>
76<shortly>,1 78<comprising dwarf ventral branches> 79,1<marsupial>
80,1<this about 2 mm long at maturity, horizontal, cylindrical and
rhizoid-covered> 81,1<i.e., with a few small bracts at the mouth of
the marsupium> 84,1 89,1<the seta stout> 90,3 92,2<the inner wall with
numerous, semi-annular thickenings> 94,2<to the base> 95,1 96,1
98<reddish-brown, closely>,2 99,1 107,1<\i{}S. viticulosa\i0{}>
108,1&2&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,16 115<saccogyn> 
 
# Scapania <(Dum.) Dum.>/
4<small to robust, pale green to deep reddish-nrown or purple,>,1
5<the shoots prostrate to erect, arising from creeping rhizomatous
stems, the branching sparse and lateral> 6,1 7,3 10,1/2 14,1 15,1/2
20,3 22,2 24,1-2/3 25,2 26,1 27<distichous, decurrent or not,
spreading, usually keeled with the keel sometimes winged, the cuticle
smooth to very coarsely papillose, the margins entire or ciliate>,2
28<denticulate or>,1<usually>/2 29,1<\i{}S. nimbosa\i0{}>/2 30,1/2
32<1/2-2/3 or rarely completely>,2<conduplicate, the lobes
long-decurrent to not decurrent, the dorsal one usually smaller than
the ventral> 33,1 34<usually>,1 35,1 38,2 45,2 46<often>,1<1-12 per
cell> 53,1<often, on the margins and lobe tips of upper leaves>/2-3
56<1-2 celled, ellipsoid, ovoid, pyriform or rounded> 62,1<nearly
always>/2 63,1 64<sometimes, in \i{}S. compacta\i0{},>,1/2 73<terminal
or becoming intercalary, the several pairs of bracts similar to or
smaller than the leaves, basally saccate, subtending 2-7 antheridia
\i{}mixed with paraphyses\i0{}> 75,2-3<2-7> 77,1 78<terminal>
81,1<these usually larger, more equally lobed and more strongly
toothed or ciliate than the leaves> 84,1 85<usually frontally
compressed, often deflexed, usually truncate with a wide, entire to
dentate or ciliate mouth, but rarely subterete and narrowed to the
mouth> 86,1 89,1 90<long exserted,>,2 92,3-7<the inner layer with
annular thickenings> 95,1 96,1 98,2 99,1<?> 107,23 108,1&2&3&4 109,1
110,1 111,2 112,15 115<scapania> 
 
# Southbya <Spruce>/
4<small, green or brownish, never red-tinged,>,1 5<the shoots
prostrate to ascending, simple to sparingly branched> 6,1/2
13<sometimes lacking or confined to female inflorescences> 14,1
15<thin walled, more or less>,2/1<then minute but distinct> 17,1
18<abundant, very pale>,3/1 20,2/3 24<more or less>,1-2 25,1 26,1
27<often connate on their dorsal sides, not decurrent, contiguous or
slightly connate at the antical bases,>,2 32<ovate to orbicular,
concave,>,1 38,1<at the leaf bases, where the cells are much
elongated> 45,2 53,1-2<on leaf surfaces>/3 62,1 73<intercalary, when
dioecious (\i{}S. tophacea\i0{}) with up to 12 pairs of entire, very
saccate bracts> 79,1 80,2/3 81,1<similar to the leaves, but
\i{}toothed\i0{} and basally connate with one another and with the
perianth> 84,1<shorter than the bracts to barely emergent, proximally
connate with them> 85<the wide mouth lobed or toothed> 88,1<free,
tender> 89,1 90,1-2 96<presumably>,1<?> 98<if present, probably>,2
99,1 102,1 107,2 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,18 115<southbya> 
 
# Sphaerocarpos <Boehmer in Ludwig>/
4,2<the thalli forming small rosettes, lobed, multistratose in the
middle to unistratose in the lobes, dorsally almost covered with
tubular involucres each of which protects an atheridium, an
archegonium, or a sporophyte> 14,2<the involucrate gametangia on the
surfaces of the thallus> 18<numerous from the middle of the thallus,
long and>,1 19,1 45,2 47,5<multistratose in the middle and becoming
unistratose in the lobes> 51<with no distinct midrib,>,2 54,2 57,3
59,2 62,1 63,2 65,2<in involucres scattered of the dorsal surfaces of
the thallus> 66,1 67,2 68,2<the archegonia in unistratose, clavate or
pyriform involucres covering almost the entire dorsal surface of the
thasllus> 69,2 88,1<closely investing the capsule> 89,3 90<enclosed by
the involucre, more or less>,1 94,4 95<dark brown,>,2 96,2<the sterile
cells remaining small and starch-bearing> 107,2 108,1&2 109,1 110,2
111,4 112,33 115<sphaeroc> 
 
# Sphenolobopsis <(Spruce) Schust.>/
2<\i{}Sphenolobus\i0{}, \i{}Cephaloziella\i0{},
\i{}Cephaloziopsis\i0{}> 4<minute, forming reddish-green to
reddish-brown patches, rarely green,>,1 5<the shoots very slender,
procumbent and simple or branching \i{}dichotomously\i0{} and
laterally, sometimes with erect, capitate inflorescences in males and
innovating from below inflorescences in females> 6,1/2 7<when
present,>,3 8,1 14,1 15,2 17,1<but scarce> 18<long and colourless,
towards stem apices> 20,2-3 22,1 24<more or less>,1<about as long to
1.5 times as long as wide, similarly sized throughout and symmetrical,
conduplicate-concave with inflexed apices> 25,2 26,1-2 32<about 2/3 to
3/4>,2<the narrow sinus obtuse to rounded, the acute to acuminate,
equal to sub-equal lobes occasionally toothed near the base of the
dorsal margin> 38,2 40,3/4<rare, when present small and subulate> 45,2
53,3 62,1 73<terminal and capitate before becoming intercalary, the
imbricate, very concave, acutely bilobed bracts much larger than the
leaves> 75,1<these roundish> 78<small capitate heads> 81,1<much larger
than the leaves, simple or 2-3 lobed, bluntly toothed> 89<not known,
at least in Britain,> 96<probably>,1<not mentioned by the authorities
consulted> 98<probably>,2 99,1 107,1<\i{}S. pearsonii\i0{}>
108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,12 115<sphenolo> 
 
# Targionia <L.>/
4,2 14,2<in that the the sessile female receptacles arise on the
ventral side of the thallus apices> 19,2 45,2 47,4 52,1<large,
persistent, imbricate, with one row on either side of the midrib,
semi-lunar with a toothed appendage, purplish-black becoming glossy
black when dry> 62,2 63,1 64,1 67,1<with a bilobed involucre and no
psuedoperianth> 68,2 69,1 70,1<on the underside of the thallus> 71,3
72<on short lateral branches> 89,1 94,3 95,1 96,1<sometimes branched>
98,2 99,1 107,1<\i{}T. hypophylla\i0{}> 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,2 111,5
112,34 115<targonia> 
 
# Telaranea <Spruce ex Schiffn.>/
4<minute to robust,>,1 6,1<the branching more or less 1-2 pinnate> 8,2
10,1 12,1-2<having more or less attenuated branch tips> 14,1 15,2 20,2
24<more or less>,1-2 25,2 26,1-2 27<symmetrical,>,1 29<more or
less>,1/- 32,4<very deeply 2-3(-4) lobed, the lobes uniseriate save
sometimes for a basal 1-2 pairs> 38,2 40,1-2<2-4 lobed> 45,2 62,1/2
63,1 64<when bisexual,>,1 73<on short or very short branches, the
antheridia in the axils of 3-6 concave bracts that are smaller than
the leaves> 76,1 78<on short or very short branches> 81,1<larger than
the leaves, shallowly to deeply 3-4 lobed> 84,1 85<unistratose,
narrowed to the crenulate or long-ciliate mouth> 89,1 92,3-5 95,1 96,U
107,2<\i{}T. murphyae\i0{}, \i{}T. nematodes\i0{}> 108,1&4 109,1 110,1
111,2 112,6 115<telarene> 
 
# Tetralophozia <(Schust.) Schljak.>/
3<\i{}Chandonanthus\i0{} Mitt.> 4<cushion- or mat-forming, pale
yellowish brown,>,1 5<the slender, brittle, stems procumbent simple or
with procumbent or ascending, irregular lateral branching> 6,1/2
7<when branching,>,3 12,1<at least, the branch extremities sometimes
attenuate and microphyllous>/2 14,1 15<more or less>,2 17<scarce
but>,1<towards stem bases and the apices of microphyllous branches>
18,1 20,2 21<more or less>,1/- 22<more or less>,1 24<more or less>,1-2
26,1<densely imbricate> 27<wider than long,>,2 32<broader than long
and semi-amplexicaul, dentate or spinous-dentate at the base>,2-3<but
mostly 3-4 lobed from halfway to near the base, the erect lobes blunt,
ovate-oblong, channelled, coarsely dentate at their bases> 38,1<being
virtually ribbed into the lobes> 40<rather>,2<quite large, deeply
bilobed> 45,2 62,1 73<(androecia) intercalary on the main stem,
comprising several pairs of bracts resembling the leaves but less
deeply lobed> 75,2/3<2-3> 77,1 78<terminal, but often appearing
lateral through innovation> 81,1<larger than the leaves, deeply
4-lobed, the lobes lanceolate and long-acuminate> 83,1<bilobed to
halfway, laciniate-ciliate at the base, the lobes
triangular-lanceolate, long-acuminate and basally dentate-ciliate>
84,1 85<half exserted beyond the bracts, narrowly ovoid, deeply
multi-plicate to the base and slightly contracted at the ciliate
mouth> 86,1 88,1<thin, free, surrounded at the base by sterile
archegonia> 89,1 90,2 94<probably>,2 96,1 98<probably>,2 99,1
107,1<\i{}T. setiformis\i0{}> 108,1&3 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,12
115<tetralop> 
 
# Trichocolea <Dum.>/
4<small to robust, pale to whitish green,>,1 5<the stout stems 1-3
pinnate, branching laterally> 6,1 7,3 13,1<these branched> 14,1 15,2
20,2 22,2 24,1-2 25,2 26,1/2 27<spreading, not conduplicate,>,2
29,1<the leaves being almost entirely dissected into numerous cilia>
32,3<palmately 4-7 lobed almost to their bases, the primary lobes with
long-tapering to uniseriate secondary lobes> 38,2 40,2<bilobed> 45,2
53,3 62,1 73<on lateral branches, the bracts similar to the leaves,
the underleaves without antheridia> 75,1/2 78<of the conventional kind
lacking, the archegonia terminating main branches and/or axes,
becoming lateral by development of innovation> 79,1<this representing
prolonged stem tissue, enclosing the capsule, narrowly ellipsoid and
covered with paraphyllia, with a ciliate mouth> 81,1<similar to the
leaves> 84,2 89<long-pedicellate,>,1<terminal on a main axis or or
branch, becoming lateral by innovation> 90,2-3<obloid> 92,6-8
93<purplish brown> 95,1 96,1 98,2 99,1 107,1<\i{}T. tomentella\i0{}>
108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,5 115<trichole> 
 
# Tritomaria <Schiffn. ex Loeske>/
2<\i{}Sphenolobus\i0{}, \i{}Lophozia\i0{}> 3<\i{}Saccobasis\i0{}>
4<represented by patches, tufts or scattered shoots,>,1 5<the shoots
prostrate to ascending, simple or furcate, often innovating under the
female inflorescences> 6,1/2 14,1 15<usually large,>,1<often
bulging>/2 18,1/3 20,3 22<mostly>,2<with the postical margin arched
and much larger than the antical, but less so in \i{}T. polita\i0{}>
24,1/4<the insertion transverse or with the ventral part oblique,
sometimes broadly V-shaped> 25,2 26,1-2 27,2 28,2 32<usually>,3<2-3
-lobed, with the ventral one larger than the dorsal ones and the
ventral margin without cilia, or if more or less symmetrical, lobed to
only about 1/8> 33,2 35,- 38,2 45,2 53,1-2/3<usually present,
2-celled, at the apices of upper leaves> 62,1 63,1 73<terminal, with
bracts in several pairs, similar to the leaves but saccate>
75,1/2<these shortly pedicellate, ovoid-globose> 78<inadequately
described - always terminal?> 81,1<2-5 lobed> 84,1 85<the mouth
contracted or not and entire or toothed> 86,1 89,1 96<by
generalization from \i{}Lophozia\i0{} sensu lato, probably>,1<not
mentioned by authorities consulted> 98<if present, probably>,2 99,1
107,4 108,1&2&3&4 109,1 110,1 111,2 112,12 114<Unconvincingly
separable from \i{}Barbilophozia\i0{} (q.v.) via the descriptive data
compiled here, exemplifying unsatisfactory, sensu stricto generic
circumscriptions accepted by Smith in the \i{}Lophoziaceae\i0{}.>
115<tritomar> 
