*SHOW The Ferns (Filicopsida) of the British Isles - 9/2/08. 
 
*CHARACTER LIST 
 
#1. <common name:>/
 
#2. <synonyms:>/
 
#3. plants <whether rhizomatous>/
       1. rhizomatous <<implicit>>/
       2. not rhizomatous/
 
#4. the rhizomes <slender or stout>/
       1. slender/
       2. stout/
 
#5. the rhizomes <orientation>/
       1. creeping/
       2. ascending/
       3. erect/
 
#6. the rhizomes <hairy or scaly> <<~a>>/
       1. hairy <<pteaqu-r trirad-r>>/
       2. bearing scales <<drycri-r polvul-r>>/
       3. naked <with neither hairs nor scales> <<botlun-r hymuni-r>>/
 
#7. the <erect> rhizomes <whether becoming trunk-like>/
       1. becoming trunk-like beneath the crown of leaves, potentially
          to several meters high, covered with the blackened, persistent
          petiole bases and matted on the lower part with fibrous roots
          <tree ferns>/
       2. not becoming trunk-like as in tree ferns <<implicit>>/
 
#8. plants <whether sterile and fertile leaves differ in form>/
       1. bearing markedly different fertile and sterile leaves/
       2. with no clear distinction into fertile and sterile leaves
          <i.e., apart from presence or absence on them of sporangia>
          <<implicit>>/
 
#9. plants <very peculiar forms: Ophioglossaceae, Marsileaceae> <<~b>>/
       1. usually bearing only a single leaf comprising two pinnae, the
          lower leaf-like, the upper fertile and non-laminate
          <Ophioglossaceae> <<ophvul01>>/
       2. resembling duckweed - floating, with pendulous roots and tiny
          leaves <\i{}Azolla\i0{}> <<azolla01>>/
       3. rooted, helophytic or aquatic, with subulate leaves
          <\i{}Pilularia\i0{}> <<pilglo01>>/
       4. conventionally fern-like in form <<implicit>> <<cysmon01
          physco01 aspsep01 aspmar01>>/
 
#10. plants <key features for \i{}Ophioglossum\i0{} spp.>/
       1. having sterile blades mostly 3-3.5 cm long, the sporangia 6-14
          on either side of the spike/
       2. having sterile blades mostly 4-15 cm long, the sporangia 10-40
          on either side of the spike/
 
#11. leaves <living, whether aggregated in terminal tufts>/
       1. distributed along the rhizomes <not aggregated terminally>/
       2. aggregated terminally <at the crown, or on main branches of
          the rhizome>/
 
#12. leaves <whether rooting from their tips>/
       1. rooting at their tips from a scaly bud <\i{}Woodwardia
          radicans\i0{}>/
       2. not rooting at their tips <<implicit>>/
 
#13. leaves to <maximum length, including petiole>/
       cm long/
 
#14. leaves <longevity>/
       1. persistent <through the winter>/
       2. dying in the autumn/
 
#15. leaves <vernation, whether circinnate>/
       1. circinnate <<implicit>>/
       2. not circinnate/
 
#16. <vernation details, distinguishing \i{}Gymnocarpium\i0{} spp.:>/
       1. the two unfolded basal pinnae and the rest of the blade rolled
          separately into three small balls in the young leaf/
       2. the unfolded leaf with each pinnule and pinna rolled
          separately, all enclosed in one ball/
 
#17. leaves <form>/
       1. subulate/
       2. laminate <<implicit>>/
 
#18. leaves <simple or compound> <<~c>>/
       1. simple <<physco01 cetoff01 polvul01>>/
       2. compound <<implicit>> <<drycri01 thepal01 adicap01 botlun01>>/
 
#19. leaves <simple, whether entire or lobed>/
       1. entire/
       2. somewhat lobed/
       3. conspicuously, pinnately lobed/
       4. more or less dichotomously divided and 1-2(-3) times forked,
          the stalked forks often unequal, the segments
          linear-cuneiform/
 
#20. leaves <compound, whether simply or complexly divided>/
       1. simply divided <once pinnate with undivided or merely crenate
          pinnae>/
       2. complexly divided <with two or more orders of deep dissection,
          regardless of whether this involves lobing or compounding>/
 
#21. leaves <compound and complexly divided, detailed form>/
       1. once pinnate, with conspicuously divided pinnae/
       2. bipinnate with more or less undivided pinnules/
       3. bipinnate with conspicuously divided pinnules/
       4. tripinnate with undivided ultimate pinnules/
       5. tripinnate with conspicuously divided ultimate pinnules/
       6. 4-pinnate/
 
#22. the lower pinnae <shape and carriage: \i{}Pteridium\i0{}>/
       1. linear-lanceolate with drooping tips/
       2. broadly ovate with upwardly curving tips/
 
#23. <primary> pinnae <number on each side of the leaf>/
       <first order> on each side of the leaf/
 
#24. leaves <whether bent at the rachis/petiole junction>/
       1. conspicuously bent near the junction of rachis and petiole
          <\i{}Phegopteris\i0{}>, \i{}Gymnocarpium\i0{}, etc.>/
       2. not conspicuously bent near the junction of rachis and petiole
          <i.e., straight or curved> <<implicit>>/
 
#25. the leaves <whether \i{}Pteris\i0{} type>/
       1. compound-pinnate, with long, narrow pinnae of which only the
          lowest on each side bears a single pinnule/
       2. not as in \i{}Pteris\i0{} (q.v.) <<implicit>>/
 
#26. the fertile leaves <specialisation of form> <<~d>>/
       1. having the appearance of a stem with a terminal fertile
          portion and a single lateral leaf, but actually comprising two
          pinnae, the upper fertile, stalked and non-laminate, the lower
          sterile, sessile, and laminate <Ophioglossaceae> <<botlun
          (ophvul01)>>/
       2. bipinnate with several pinnae, the lower (proximal) pinnae
          bearing normal green pinnules, but those of the upper (distal)
          pinnae non-laminate, more or less linear, and densely covered
          with sporangia <Osmundaceae> <<osrega01>>/
 
#27. the sterile green blades <of \i{}Ophioglossum\i0{} species:
          length>/
       cm long/
 
#28. the sterile green blades <form>/
       1. pinnate/
       2. simple and entire/
 
#29. the green blades <venation: distinguishing \i{}Ophioglossum\i0{}
          spp.>/
       1. with free vein endings within the network/
       2. without free vein endings within the network/
 
#30. the fertile spikes <of \i{}Ophioglossum\i0{} species: length>/
       cm long/
 
#31. the fertile spikes <\i{}Ophioglossum\i0{}/\i{}Botrychium\i0{}:
          whether branched>/
       1. branched/
       2. unbranched/
 
#32. the petioles <length relative to that of the blades>/
       1. shorter than the blades/
       2. about as long as the blades/
       3. longer than the blades/
 
#33. the petioles about <detailed length relative to the blade>/
       x the length of the blade/
 
#34. the petioles <stipe: whether jointed>/
       1. jointed and ultimately abscising at the point of attachment to
          the rhizome/
       2. jointed and ultimately abscising in the mid-region/
       3. not jointed <without a clear abscission zone> <<implicit>>/
 
#35. the petioles <stipe: vascularization (see 'Notes')>/
       1. vascularised via a single strand/
       2. vascularised by several discrete strands/
 
#36. petiolar scales <colour and density>/
       1. golden brown and often dark centred, dense <\i{}Drypoteris
          remota\i0{}>/
       2. not golden brown/
 
#37. <colour and form of petiole and rachis (\i{}Asplenium\i0{} spp.)>
          <<~e>>/
       1. the petioles and rachides blackish, both with very narrow
          brownish wings <\i{}A. trichomanes\i0{}> <<asptri01>>/
       2. the petioles brownish or blackish only near the base and green
          above, the rachides green and either wingless or at most only
          narrowly green-winged <\i{}A. viride\i0{}> <<aspvir01>>/
 
#38. leaf blades in outline <shape>/
       1. linear/
       2. oblong/
       3. elliptic/
       4. ovate/
       5. ovate-triangular <deltoid>/
       6. lanceolate/
       7. lanceolate-triangular/
       8. oblanceolate/
 
#39. leaf blades <translucence>/
       1. very thin and translucent - only one cell thick, lacking
          stomata/
       2. not thin and translucent <<implicit>>/
 
#40. leaf blades <whether leathery>/
       1. leathery/
       2. herbaceous <not leathery> <<implicit>>/
 
#41. leaf blades <whether lemon-scented>/
       1. faintly lemon-scented when crushed <\i{}Oreopteris\i0{}>/
       2. not lemon-scented when crushed <<implicit>>/
 
#42. leaf blades <abaxial covering of reddish brown scales>/
       1. covered underneath with rust-coloured scales
          <\i{}Ceterach\i0{}>/
       2. not covered underneath with rust-coloured scales <<implicit>>/
 
#43. the lowermost pair of pinnae <whether bent backwards>/
       1. rather conspicously bent backwards away from the rest
          <\i{}Phegopteris\i0{}>/
       2. not conspicuously bent backwards away from the rest/
 
#44. the longest <primary> pinnae <location along the leaf blade>/
       1. the lowermost/
       2. near the base of the blade/
       3. about a third of the distance from the base of the blade/
       4. around the middle of the blade/
       5. above the middle of the blade/
 
#45. the longest <primary> pinnae <length>/
       cm long/
 
#46. the <primary> pinnae <relative lengths along the blade> <<~f>>/
       1. decreasing markedly in length towards the base of the blade,
          the basal ones relatively short <<+athalp>>/
       2. not decreasing markedly in length basipetaly, the basal pinnae
          not or scarcely shorter than the longest pair <<+dryvil
          thephe>>/
 
#47. the bases of the pinnae <presence of basal dark blotch>/
       1. with a dark brown or blackish blotch above, at the junction
          with the rachis/
       2. without a dark blotch at the base/
 
#48. the lowest pinna <relative lengths of lowest pinnules>/
       1. with the lowest 3 or 4 pinnules on either side all about equal
          in length/
       2. with the lowest pinnule on the lower side much longer than the
          lowest one on the upper side, and often longer than the one or
          two adjoining it as well/
 
#49. the lowest pinna <relative length of its basal pinnule on the lower
          side>/
       1. with the basal pinnule on its lower side generally at least
          half as long as the pinna itself/
       2. with the basal pinnule on its lower side nearly always less
          than half as long as the pinna itself/
 
#50. the adjacent pinnae <adjacent or separated>/
       1. strongly overlapping/
       2. approximated but not strongly overlapping/
       3. distant from one another and not at all overlapping/
 
#51. <distinguishing the species of \i{}Woodsia\i0{}:> <<~g>>/
       1. the largest pinnae oblong or ovate-oblong, 1.5-2 times as long
          as broad, and the rachis and the undersides of the pinnae are
          densely scaly with 2-3 mm long, subulate, pale brown scales
          and flexuous hairs <<+wooilv>>/
       2. the largest pinnae triangular-ovate, 1-1.5 times as long as
          broad and the rachis and the undersides of the pinnae
          scale-less or with only short scales of about 1mm long, and
          few hairs <<+wooalp>>/
 
#52. the venation of the lamina <whether reticulate>/
       1. reticulate/
       2. open <non-reticulate, free>/
 
#53. the veins of the ultimate pinnules <where terminating>/
       1. terminating in the apices of their teeth/
       2. mostly terminating in the notches between the teeth/
 
#54. <heterosporous or homosporous:>/
       1. homosporous <<implicit>>/
       2. heterosporous/
 
#55. <sporangial development, eu- or leptosporangiate:>/
       1. eusporangiate/
       2. leptosporangiate <<implicit>>/
 
#56. the sporangia <nature and location>/
       1. all alike, relatively massive, sessile and coalescing in two
          rows on the spikelike fertile component of the leaf
          <\i{}Ophioglossum\i0{}>/
       2. all alike, relatively massive, sub-sessile in two rows on the
          branches of the fertile component of the leaf
          <\i{}Botrychium\i0{}>/
       3. in paired sporocarps borne on the submerged ventral lobes of
          the first leaves of the branches, each sporocarp covered by a
          flange of the upper lobe, containing one sorus on a
          cylindrical receptacle and the sori of each pair either both
          containing megasporangia, or both with one microsporangium and
          one megasporangium (the former with 64 tiny microspores, the
          latter with a single large megaspore) <\i{}Azolla\i0{}>/
       4. in tiny, 4-compartmented, hairy, pill-like sporocarps at the
          bases of the subulate green leaves, the compartments each
          containing one sorus which splits longitudinally at maturity
          to release the sporangia in a mass of mucilage (the one-spored
          megasporangia borne below the many-spored microsporangia in
          the same sorus) <\i{}Pilularia\i0{}>/
       5. tiny and delicate, stalked, all alike, borne in aggregates
          <usually grouped in sori: typical of most ferns> <<implicit>>/
 
#57. the sporangia <marginal or superficial>/
       1. marginal <arising at or near the edge of the lamina>/
       2. superficial <arising on the lamina surface, some distance from
          its margin>/
 
#58. the sporangia <with or without indusioid protection>/
       1. exposed <with neither indusia nor false indusia>/
       2. protected <usually with indusia or false indusia>/
 
#59. the sporangia <whether aggregated in sori>/
       1. <at least at first> aggregated in <discrete> sori/
       2. not aggregated into sori/
 
#60. the sori <at least when when young, round or elongate>/
       1. sub-orbicular <more or less round in surface view, at least
          when young>/
       2. elongated/
 
#61. the sori <whether becoming confluent>/
       1. becoming confluent when mature/
       2. remaining discrete at maturity/
 
#62. the sori <numbers>/
       on either side of the mid-rib of the larger pinnules/
 
#63. the sori <whether sunken>/
       1. perceptibly sunken and creating conspicuous rows of circular
          impressions on the upper surface of the lamina
          <\i{}Phymatodes\i0{}>/
       2. not sunken <only rarely associated with circular impressions
          on the upper surface of the lamina> <<implicit>>/
 
#64. the sori <indusiate, pseudo-indusiate or naked>/
       1. with a true indusium <only>/
       2. with only a false indusium derived exclusively from the lamina
          margin/
       3. protected by true and false indusia combined/
       4. naked and neither indusiate nor pseudo-indusiate/
 
#65. the indusia <shape> <<~h>>/
       1. peltate <<polacu-i>>/
       2. reniform and attached at the indentation <<drycri-i
          (dryaem-i)>>/
       3. not reniform but flap-like from the base of the sorus, vaulted
          at first, later reflexed <<cysfra-i>>/
       4. attached on one side along a vein <not reniform> <<aspfon-i
          (asptri-i)>>/
       5. consisting mainly of <reduced to> hairs <<wooilv-i>>/
       6. projecting from the margins of the very thin lamina and
          enveloping the sori from their bases <entire or 2-lipped>
          <<hymuni-i (trirad-i)>>/
 
#66. the indusia <of Hymenophyllaceae, form> <<~i>>/
       1. of two valves, without a protruding bristle <<hymuni-i>>/
       2. tubular, with the apex of the elongated sporangial receptacle
          protruding as a bristle when mature <<trirad-i>>/
 
#67. the valves <of the indusium, detailed shape: \i{}Hymenophyllum\i0{}
          spp.>/
       1. orbicular and toothed/
       2. ovate and entire/
 
#68. the indusia <details>/
 
#69. the false indusia <recurved blade margins covering the sori:
          interrupted or continuous>/
       1. continuous along the blade segments/
       2. interrupted on the individual blade segments/
 
#70. the false indusia <shape>/
       1. somewhat rectangular-elongate, not reniform/
       2. reniform-orbicular/
 
#71. paraphyses <presence presence in the sporangia>/
       1. present in the sporangia/
       2. absent/
 
#72. the sporangia <sequence of development>/
       1. developing sequentially within a sorus <sori gradate>/
       2. not developing sequentially <sori mixed> <<implicit>>/
 
#73. the sporangial wall <thickness>/
       1. of only one cell layer <<implicit>>/
       2. of several cell layers <eusporangiate ferns>/
 
#74. the sporangial wall <presence of an annulus>/
       1. incorporating a conspicuous annulus of thick-walled cells
          <<implicit>>/
       2. without an annulus/
 
#75. the sporangia <type of annulus> <<+annuli.gif>>/
       1. with an annulus represented by a group of thick-walled cells
          on one side/
       2. with an oblique annulus <and a stomium>/
       3. with a vertical annulus <and a stomium> <<implicit>>/
 
#76. the sporangia <dehiscence orientation>/
       1. dehiscing via median slits transverse to the axis bearing
          them/
       2. dehiscing by a slit running across the apex from the lateral
          annulus/
       3. dehiscing horizontally by a transverse split <at right angles
          to the sporangial stalk> <<implicit>>/
 
#77. the annuli <of the sporangia, number of thick-walled cells>/
       celled/
 
#78. the mature spores <colour>/
       1. yellow/
       2. pale brown/
       3. dark brown/
 
#79. the mature spores <whether echinate>/
       1. echinate/
       2. rugose/
 
#80. the mature spores <monolete or trilete>/
       1. monolete/
       2. trilete/
 
#81. the mature spores <with or without a perispore>/
       1. with a perispore/
       2. without a perispore/
 
#82. prothalli <endo- or exosporic>/
       1. endosporic and reduced/
       2. free-living <<implicit>>/
 
#83. prothalli <free-living, form>/
       1. green and filamentous/
       2. green, flat and strap-shaped/
       3. green and fleshy <<implicit>>/
       4. non-green, subterranean, mycorrhizal/
 
#84. <plants aquatic, helophytic or terrestrial:>/
       1. aquatic/
       2. helophytic <in wet ground>/
       3. mesophytic <<implicit>>/
 
#85. <aquatics, floating or rooted:>/
       1. floating/
       2. rooted in the submerged substrate/
 
#86. <preferred substrates:>/
       1. on base-rich substrates/
       2. on neutral substrates/
       3. on acid substrates/
 
#87. <habitat:>/
 
#88. <status - native or naturalized:>/
       1. native to the British Isles <<implicit>>/
       2. naturalized/
 
#89. <summary of distribution in the British Isles:>/
 
#90. <distribution - Britain/Ireland: (B.S.B.I. data)>/
       1. Britain <England, Scotland, Wales, Isle of Man, Channel
          Islands>/
       2. Ireland <including Northern Ireland>/
 
#91. \i{}Britain\i0{}: <distribution in the vice counties of Britain
          (B.S.B.I. data; see 'Notes'):>/
       1. West Cornwall/
       2. East Cornwall/
       3. South Devon/
       4. North Devon/
       5. South Somerset/
       6. North Somerset/
       7. North Wiltshire/
       8. South Wiltshire/
       9. Dorset/
       10. Isle of Wight/
       11. South Hampshire/
       12. North Hampshire/
       13. West Sussex/
       14. East Sussex/
       15. East Kent/
       16. West Kent/
       17. Surrey/
       18. South Essex/
       19. North Essex/
       20. Hertfordshire/
       21. Middlesex/
       22. Berkshire/
       23. Oxfordshire/
       24. Buckinghamshire/
       25. East Suffolk/
       26. West Suffolk/
       27. East Norfolk/
       28. West Norfolk/
       29. Cambridgeshire/
       30. Bedfordshire/
       31. Huntingdonshire/
       32. Northamptonshire/
       33. East Gloucestershire/
       34. West Gloucestershire/
       35. Monmouthshire/
       36. Herefordshire/
       37. Worcestershire/
       38. Warwickshire/
       39. Staffordshire/
       40. Shropshire/
       41. Glamorgan/
       42. Breconshire/
       43. Radnorshire/
       44. Carmarthenshire <Caerfyrddyn>/
       45. Pembrokeshire/
       46. Cardiganshire <Ceredigion>/
       47. Montgomeryshire/
       48. Merionethshire <Meirionydd>/
       49. Caernarvonshire <Caernarfon>/
       50. Denbighshire/
       51. Flintshire/
       52. Anglesey/
       53. South Lincolnshire/
       54. North Lincolnshire/
       55. Leicestershire <with Rutland>/
       56. Nottinghamshire/
       57. Derbyshire/
       58. Cheshire/
       59. South Lancashire/
       60. West Lancashire/
       61. South-east Yorkshire/
       62. North-east Yorkshire/
       63. South-west Yorkshire/
       64. Mid-west Yorkshire/
       65. North-west Yorkshire/
       66. Durham/
       67. South Northumberland/
       68. North Northumberland <Cheviot>/
       69. Westmorland <with North Lancashire>/
       70. Cumberland/
       71. Isle of Man/
       72. Dumfriesshire/
       73. Kirkcudbrightshire/
       74. Wigtownshire/
       75. Ayrshire/
       76. Renfrewshire/
       77. Lanarkshire/
       78. Peeblesshire/
       79. Selkirkshire/
       80. Roxburghshire/
       81. Berwickshire/
       82. East Lothian <Haddington>/
       83. Midlothian <Edinburgh>/
       84. West Lothian <Linlithgow>/
       85. Fifeshire <with Kinross>/
       86. Stirlingshire/
       87. West Perthshire <with Clackmannan>/
       88. Mid Perthshire/
       89. East Perthshire/
       90. Angus <Forfar>/
       91. Kincardineshire/
       92. South Aberdeenshire/
       93. North Aberdeenshire/
       94. Banffshire/
       95. Moray <Elgin>/
       96. East Inverness-shire <with Nairn>/
       97. West Inverness-shire/
       98. Argyll Main/
       99. Dunbartonshire/
       100. Clyde Isles/
       101. Kintyre/
       102. South Ebudes/
       103. Mid Ebudes/
       104. North Ebudes/
       105. West Ross/
       106. East Ross/
       107. East Sutherland/
       108. West Sutherland/
       109. Caithness/
       110. Outer Hebrides/
       111. Orkney islands/
       112. Shetland <Zetland>/
       113. Channel Islands/
 
#92. \i{}Ireland\i0{}: <distribution in the vice counties of Ireland
          (B.S.B.I. data; see 'Notes'):>/
       1. South Kerry/
       2. North Kerry/
       3. West Cork/
       4. Mid Cork/
       5. East Cork/
       6. Waterford/
       7. South Tipperary/
       8. Limerick/
       9. Clare/
       10. North Tipperary/
       11. Kilkenny/
       12. Wexford/
       13. Carlow/
       14. Leix <Queen's County>/
       15. South-east Galway/
       16. West Galway/
       17. North-east Galway/
       18. Offaly <King's County>/
       19. Kildare/
       20. Wicklow/
       21. Dublin/
       22. Meath/
       23. West Meath/
       24. Longford/
       25. Roscommon/
       26. East Mayo/
       27. West Mayo/
       28. Sligo/
       29. Leitrim/
       30. Cavan/
       31. Louth/
       32. Monaghan/
       33. Fermanagh/
       34. East Donegal/
       35. West Donegal/
       36. Tyrone/
       37. Armagh/
       38. Down/
       39. Antrim/
       40. Londonderry/
 
#93. Family <C.T.W.>/
       1. Azollaceae (C.T.W.)/
       2. Hymenophyllaceae (C.T.W.)/
       3. Marsileaceae (C.T.W.)/
       4. Ophioglossaceae (C.T.W.)/
       5. Osmundaceae (C.T.W.)/
       6. Polypodiaceae (C.T.W.)/
 
#94. Family <Swale and Hassler>/
       1. Adiantaceae (Swale and Hassler)/
       2. Aspleniaceae (Swale and Hassler)/
       3. Athyriaceae (Swale and Hassler)/
       4. Azollaceae (Swale and Hassler)/
       5. Blechnaceae (Swale and Hassler)/
       6. Cystopteridaceae (Swale and Hassler)/
       7. Dryopteridaceae (Swale and Hassler)/
       8. Hymenophyllaceae (Swale and Hassler)/
       9. Hypolepidaceae (Swale and Hassler)/
       10. Marsileaceae (Swale and Hassler)/
       11. Notholaenaceae (Swale and Hassler)/
       12. Ophioglossaceae (Swale and Hassler)/
       13. Osmundaceae (Swale and Hassler)/
       14. Polypodiaceae (Swale and Hassler)/
       15. Pteridaceae (Swale and Hassler)/
       16. Thelypteridaceae (Swale and Hassler)/
       17. Trichomanaceae (Swale and Hassler)/
       18. Woodsiaceae (Swale and Hassler)/
       19. Onocleaceae (Swale and Hassler)/
       20. Drynariaceae (Swale and Hassler)/
 
#95. Family <Stace>/
       1. Ophioglossaceae (Stace)/
       2. Osmundaceae (Stace)/
       3. Adiantaceae (Stace)/
       4. Pteridaceae (Stace)/
       5. Marsiliaceae (Stace)/
       6. Hymenophyllaceae (Stace)/
       7. Polypodiaceae (Stace)/
       8. Dicksoniaceae (Stace)/
       9. Dennstaedtiaceae (Stace)/
       10. Thelypteridaceae (Stace)/
       11. Aspleniaceae (Stace)/
       12. Woodsiaceae (Stace)/
       13. Dryopteridaceae (Stace)/
       14. Blechnaceae (Stace)/
       15. Azollaceae (Stace)/
 
#96. Order <Swale and Hassler>/
       1. Aspleniales (Swale and Hassler)/
       2. Athyriales (Swale and Hassler)/
       3. Dennstaedtiales (Swale and Hassler)/
       4. Dryopteridales (Swale and Hassler)/
       5. Hymenophyllales (Swale and Hassler)/
       6. Marsileales (Swale and Hassler)/
       7. Osmundales (Swale and Hassler)/
       8. Polypodiales (Swale and Hassler)/
       9. Psilotales (Swale and Hassler)/
       10. Pteridales (Swale and Hassler)/
 
#97. <hybrids:>/
 
#98. <comments:>/
 
#99. the pinnae of the sterile leaves <attachment>/
       1. much narrowed basally, attached over only a short width
          <\i{}B. cordatum\i0{}>/
       2. with broadened, contiguous bases <\i{}B. spicant\i0{}>/
 
#100. abbreviated taxon name:/
 
#101. <illustrations:>/
