| # Anastrepha and Toxotrypana: descriptions, illustrations, and interactive keys |

Allen L. Norrbom, Cheslavo A. Korytkowski, Roberto A. Zucchi, Keiko Uramoto, George L. Venable, Jerrett McCormick and Michael J. Dallwitz

### Anastrepha vermespinata Tigrero

Body. Setae dark brown to black.

Head. Frons without brown markings except ocellar tubercle. Occiput without brown marks. Frontal setae 2–3 (2). Orbital setae 2. Ocellar seta weak, small or absent. Gena without brown spot. Facial carina in profile concave or flat on dorsal 2/3. Face with ventral part gradually tapered laterally; without brown markings. Antenna not extended to ventral margin of face.

Thorax. Mesonotum length 3.9–4.5 mm (4.09–4.30, estimated from adding min/max scutum and scutellum mesurements from Tigrero 2006). Postpronotal, presutural supra-alar, dorsocentral, intra-alar and scutellar setae well developed, subequal to or longer than scutellum length; postpronotal seta on posterior half of postpronotal lobe (presumed). Acrostichal seta well developed. Basal scutellar seta strong, longer than scutellum. Katepisternal seta well developed, at least half as large as anepimeral seta, or moderately developed, larger than postocellar seta, but much smaller and weaker than anepimeral seta. Mesonotum yellow, or orange. Scutum posteriorly without brown or orange brown markings. Scutum without brown vittae. Scutellum entirely yellow or with dark markings only on extreme base of disk. Mesopleuron mostly yellow to orange, without brown markings. Subscutellum entirely yellow to orange. Mediotergite entirely yellow to orange.

Wings. Wing length 8.6–11 mm (9.6–10.0). Wing pattern typical Anastrepha pattern (S-band complete or at most interrupted at crossvein r-m, C-band and at least proximal arm of V-band present). C-band broadly extending to vein M in cell br along cell bm; covering base of cell r2+3; yellow or orange area posterior to pterostigma broad, extending distally into cells r1 and r2+3 at least to level of midlength of pterostigma. C-band and S-band separated (by hyaline band from cell bm to costal margin). S-band extended anteriorly to vein R4+5 and covering all of crossvein r-m. Cell bm entirely hyaline or infuscated only along subapical fold. S-band base without extension in middle of cell cu1 to posterior wing margin; without extension in cell a1 to or almost to posterior margin (unclear in Tigrero 2006, Fig. 3 if extension present or if darkness in this area caused by underlying shadow). S-band middle section predominantly or entirely orange, often with brown margins. Subapical hyaline area in radial cells distal to r-m extending anteriorly to vein R2+3. S-band distal section without marginal hyaline band or spots in cell r2+3 or near apices of R2+3 or R4+5. S-band distally extended to apex of vein M, or not extended to apex of vein M. V-band proximal arm as dark as apical half of S-band; extending more than 1/3 distance from apex of vein Cu1 to apex of vein A1+Cu2; not connected anteriorly to S-band; not connected to S-band in cell dm. V-band distal arm complete; connected to proximal arm of V band. S-band distal section width ratio (width of S-band/width of cell r2+3, both measured perpendicular to costal margin at apex of vein R2+3) 0.6–0.8 (0.70 in Tigrero 2006, Fig. 3). Cell c: pterostigma ratio (cell c length/pterostigma length) 0.75–1 (0.86 in Tigrero 2006, Fig. 3). Pterostigma ratio 4–5.1 (4.56 in Tigrero 2006, Fig. 3). Vein R1 ratio (distance from wing base to apex of R1/wing length) 0.56–0.63 (0.59 in Tigrero 2006, Fig. 3). Vein R2+3 slightly sinuous, or strongly sinuous; without accessory vein. Vein M ratio (distance from bm-cu to r-m/distance from bm-cu to dm-cu) 0.7–0.76 (0.73 in Tigrero 2006, Fig. 3). Vein M curvature ratio (width of cell r4+5 at apex/width at level of dm-cu) 0.65–0.8 (0.73 in Tigrero 2006, Fig. 3). Cell bcu ratio (length/anterior margin length along vein Cu) 1.7–2 (1.85 in Tigrero 2006, Fig. 3).

Abdomen. Abdominal tergite without brown markings. Epandrium posterodorsal margin evenly rounded (presumed). Glans present (presumed); without spinules (presumed). Oviscape entirely yellow to orange brown; straight; length 3.8–4.4 mm (4.0–4.18); length ratio (oviscape length/mesonotum length) 0.85–1.1 (0.97–0.98, estimated from max/min thorax and oviscape measurements in Tigrero 2006). Eversible membrane with dorsobasal denticles all sclerotized, in continuous triangular to semicircular or suboval pattern. Aculeus length 3.65–4.25 mm (3.82–4.10). Aculeus tip length 0.26–0.32 mm (0.27–0.31); width 0.17–0.19 mm; lateral margins not curved dorsally; without ridges or lobes; without elongate dorsolateral depressions apically; with minute serration, visible only with compound microscope, or with fine serrations; serrated part 0.25–0.4 times length of tip (0.32). Aculeus tip serrations not extending onto dorsal side basally. Aculeus tip with serrations separated by less than width of serration.

Miscellaneous. Data source: Tigrero 2006. Sex of recorded specimens: male and female. Species group: not assigned to a species group.

Biology and economic significance. This species is not considered economically important. Refer to the 'Tephritidae Databases' in the USDA Compendium of Fruit Fly Host Information (https://coffhi.cphst.org/) for host plant information.

Illustrations. • Wing (Tigrero 2006, fig. 3). • Terminalia, female (Tigrero 2006, fig. 4). • Terminalia, male (Tigrero 2006, fig. 8).

We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. This is much more easily achieved using the DELTA data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. See also Guidelines for using data taken from Web publications.

Cite this publication as: ‘Norrbom, A.L., Korytkowski, C.A., Zucchi, R.A., Uramoto, K., Venable, G.L., McCormick, J., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2012 onwards. Anastrepha and Toxotrypana: descriptions, illustrations, and interactive keys. Version: 21st November 2023. delta-intkey.com’.

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