| # Anastrepha and Toxotrypana: descriptions, illustrations, and interactive keys |

Allen L. Norrbom, Cheslavo A. Korytkowski, Roberto A. Zucchi, Keiko Uramoto, George L. Venable, Jerrett McCormick and Michael J. Dallwitz

### Anastrepha trivittata Norrbom & Korytkowski

Body. Setae red brown, or dark red brown, or dark brown to black.

Head. Frons with medial brown mark, trilobed anteriorly, not reaching lateral margin (mark dark orange brown to brown, with lateral lobes extended to posterior parts of orbital plates and medial lobe including ocellar tubercle, posteriorly extended onto occiput). Occiput with brown marks only on medial sclerite. Medial occipital sclerite with only medial brown vitta or spot (in holotype with dark orange brown to brown wedge-shaped mark medially, trilobed dorsally, narrowed and extended to ventral margin). Frontal setae 3–5 (4, n=1). Orbital setae 2. Ocellar seta weak, small or absent. Gena without brown spot. Facial carina in profile concave or flat on dorsal 2/3. Face with ventral part gradually tapered laterally; without brown markings. Antenna not extended to ventral margin of face.

Thorax. Mesonotum length 4.25–5.25 mm (4.70, n=1). Postpronotal lobe and notopleuron entirely microtrichose. Scutum mostly or entirely microtrichose. Scutellum disc entirely microtrichose. Postpronotal, presutural supra-alar, dorsocentral, intra-alar and scutellar setae well developed, subequal to or longer than scutellum length; postpronotal seta on posterior half of postpronotal lobe. Acrostichal seta well developed. Basal scutellar seta strong, longer than scutellum. Katepisternal seta well developed, at least half as large as anepimeral seta, or moderately developed, larger than postocellar seta, but much smaller and weaker than anepimeral seta. Mesonotum dark orange, or orange brown, or dark brown; with short presutural lateral pale vitta on lateral margin of scutum, not extended onto notopleuron. Scutum presutural dorsocentral pale vitta present and connected anteriorly with pale area of postpronotal lobe; with 5 (medial, dorsocentral, and sublateral) pale postsutural vittae; pale medial vitta with posterior end broadly quadrate; pale sublateral postsutural vitta extended posteriorly to intra-alar seta. Scutum posteriorly without brown or orange brown markings. Scutum without brown vittae. Scutellum brown on side, markings not connected apically (basal third of side broadly brown, separate from short semicircular brown basal area on disk extended almost to level of basal seta). Subscutellum entirely brown to dark brown, or yellow to red brown medially, dark brown laterally. Mediotergite entirely brown to dark brown, or yellow to red brown medially, dark brown laterally.

Wings. Wing length 10.5–13 mm (11.70, n=1). Wing pattern typical Anastrepha pattern (S-band complete or at most interrupted at crossvein r-m, C-band and at least proximal arm of V-band present). C-band broadly extending to vein M in cell br along cell bm; covering base of cell r2+3; yellow or orange area posterior to pterostigma broad, extending distally into cells r1 and r2+3 at least to level of midlength of pterostigma. C-band and S-band connected along costal margin. Basal hyaline area between C-band and S-band extended to vein R4+5. S-band extended anteriorly to vein R4+5 and covering all of crossvein r-m. Cell bm entirely hyaline or infuscated only along subapical fold. S-band base without extension in middle of cell cu1 to posterior wing margin; without extension in cell a1 to or almost to posterior margin. S-band middle section predominantly or entirely orange, often with brown margins. Subapical hyaline area in radial cells distal to r-m extending anteriorly to vein R2+3. S-band distal section without marginal hyaline band or spots in cell r2+3 or near apices of R2+3 or R4+5. S-band distally not extended to apex of vein M. V-band proximal arm as dark as apical half of S-band; extending more than 1/3 distance from apex of vein Cu1 to apex of vein A1+Cu2, or extending less than 1/3 distance from apex of vein Cu1 to apex of vein A1+Cu2; not connected anteriorly to S-band; not connected to S-band in cell dm. V-band distal arm absent. S-band distal section width ratio (width of S-band/width of cell r2+3, both measured perpendicular to costal margin at apex of vein R2+3) 0.7–0.85 (0.8, n=1). Area surrounding apex of lobe of cell bcu with microtrichia similar in density to area anterdistal to it along vein Cu1. Area between S-band and V-band entirely microtrichose in cells dm and cu1. Cell c: pterostigma ratio (cell c length/pterostigma length) 1.05–1.15 (1.11, n=1). Pterostigma ratio 4.75–5.75 (5.37, n=1). Vein R1 ratio (distance from wing base to apex of R1/wing length) 0.55–0.6 (0.57, n=1). Vein R2+3 not sinuous; without accessory vein. Vein R4+5 distal to crossvein r-m more or less evenly curved or not strongly bowed medially. Vein M ratio (distance from bm-cu to r-m/distance from bm-cu to dm-cu) 0.66–0.7 (0.68, n=1). Vein M curvature ratio (width of cell r4+5 at apex/width at level of dm-cu) 0.8–1 (0.91, n=1). Cell bcu ratio (length/anterior margin length along vein Cu) 1.61, n=1. Crossvein dm-cu orientation with anterior end more distal than posterior end.

Abdomen. Abdomen ovate or parallel-sided, syntergite 1+2 gradually broadening or parallel-sided. Abdominal tergite with brown markings. Oviscape entirely yellow to orange brown; straight; length 9–11 mm (9.9, n=1); length ratio (oviscape length/mesonotum length) 1.95–2.25 (2.11, n=1); spiracle ratio (distance from base to spiracle/oviscape length) 0.15–0.21 (0.18, n=1). Eversible membrane with dorsobasal denticles with gap of membranous or no denticles separating apical row(s) from smaller basal denticles. Eversible membrane with 9–13 denticles ((11 in holotype) long hooklike dorsobasal denticles in single row distal to 2–3 irregular rows of short, weakly sclerotized denticles). Aculeus length 8–10 mm (at least 8.6 mm in holotype, tip broken). Aculeus in ventral view more or less parallel-sided except extreme base. Aculeus in lateral view straight or ventrally curved.

Miscellaneous. Data source: Norrbom & Korytkowski 2010. Sex of recorded specimens: female. Species group: grandis group.

Biology and economic significance. This species is not considered economically important. Refer to the 'Tephritidae Databases' in the USDA Compendium of Fruit Fly Host Information (https://coffhi.cphst.org/) for host plant information.

Illustrations. • Habitus, female (dorsal) (Norrbom & Korytkowski 2011, fig. 3). • Wing (Norrbom & Korytkowski 2011, fig. 17).

We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. This is much more easily achieved using the DELTA data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. See also Guidelines for using data taken from Web publications.

Cite this publication as: ‘Norrbom, A.L., Korytkowski, C.A., Zucchi, R.A., Uramoto, K., Venable, G.L., McCormick, J., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2012 onwards. Anastrepha and Toxotrypana: descriptions, illustrations, and interactive keys. Version: 21st November 2023. delta-intkey.com’.

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